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minmotl · 4 years ago

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Ch. 69: Sui Zhou Touches Tang Fan’s Lips As They Sleep On The Same Bed

Context: Continues from Chapter 68. Tang Fan, Sui Zhou and the other men are headed back to the Imperial City and Tang Fan knows that his punishment for letting Yin Yuan Hua get killed will be severe. Sui Zhou tries to help him but is helpless to do so, and Tang Fan plans for him instead, touching and warming the man’s heart.

*Note: Liang Wen Hua is Yin Yuan Hua’s direct supervisor and the both of them have been trying to sabotage Tang Fan for the longest time.

Introduction Post | Masterpost

—

Highlights under the cut

Tang Fan smiles slightly, and then finds a chair next to the bed to sit down on. The red swelling on his face has already faded, so this action naturally looks elegant.

“What do you think will happen?” he asks in return, wanting to hear his good friend’s thoughts.

Sui Zhou is highly skilled in martial arts and has a firm, strong body, so even after sustaining severe injuries, now that he has laid down for so many days he is more or less recovered. Now, as he sits leaning against the side of the wall and chats with his good friend, this is instead another type of rest.

Listening to Tang Fan’s words, he then says sombrely, “A lot of people already think that you are in the Zhang Ying’s camp, but from what I can see, Wan An has been wanting to switch him out and so he definitely won’t sit in the ministerial position for long. Once he leaves, you’ll have to face Liang Wen Hua on your own, but in today’s court there are a few different parties that are competing fiercely with each other. Although Liang Wen Hua and the Chief Minister Wan An are close, but Liu Xu and Liu Ji do not look upon Wan An favourably, you still have a chance.”

The bunch of them have stayed in Gong County for a month, and at this point, Sui Zhou still does not know that Zhang Ying has been assigned to Nanjing, and also has no idea how accurate his premonition is.

“So what you mean is, I should depend on Liu Xu or Liu Ji?” Tang Fan asks.

Sui Zhou nods, “In the internal courts, today’s leading three elders, aside from Wan An, are Liu Xu and Liu Ji, these two men. Liu Xu is righteous and blunt, while Liu Ji is used to patronising others, and they are certainly no easy people to get along with. However, Liu Xu is the Emperor’s teacher and even he has to address the man as Dong Liu-xiansheng. The respect he has for the man is apparent. As for Liu Xu himself, he can appreciate capable young officials, so if you can gain his protection, you will not need to be afraid of Liang Wen Hua.”

And within the internal courts, although Liu Xu tends to be arrogant, compared to others, his personality can be considered one of the better ones. Moreover, he often advises the Emperor to work hard and serve his people. The only thing is, Liu Xu has a bad temper and likes to lecture others. If he sees someone he does not like, no matter if that person has done something good or bad, he will still lecture them from a higher moral ground. This has garnered the resentment of others, and so his relationship with others in court is not good. He tends to spread rumours to the disadvantage of others, which is why he, Wan An and Liu Ji are discussed together in the same sitting.

***

Tang Fan only laughs bitterly at his words, “This is a good solution, but on me, this doesn’t really work.”

Sui Zhou frowns, “Why?”

“My teacher and Liu Xu hold old grudges against each other, detesting one another. They cannot resist but want to triumph over the other. With Liu Xu’s character, do you think it’s possible for him to protect his enemy’s student?”

“There is deep enmity between them?” Sui Zhou asks.

Tang Fan, “Not quite to that extent, but you are also well aware that the both of them have bad tempers and believe in that they know best. You know this, it is easy to determine who the winner is in a physical fight, but between scholars, it is challenging to see who wins. I am not certain how their conflict came to be, but in any case, I once saw my teacher throw water from a cup at Liu Xu with my own eyes, and he said that Liu Xu is just as this water, that he is dirty and hard to deal with.”

Sui Zhou, “…”

Well, since they have already come to blows, it is probably impossible for them to become friends in this lifetime. And Tang Fan, as Qiu Jun’s student, if he approached the man, judging by Liu Xu’s personality, it is not difficult to imagine how Tang Fan will be humiliated as a result.

This method indeed will not work. When he thinks about this, Sui Zhou too is a little helpless.

He is the zhenfushi in charge of the Northern Administrative Court, and although the official hat he wears on the top of his head is Rank Five qianhu only, the rank he has when compared to civil officials of the same rank is very different. Not only do Rank Five civil officials need to give way to him, even the seasoned elders in the internal court will have to stop and exchange greetings with him when they see Sui-zhenfushi.

Moreover, he is also related to Empress Dowager Zhou, while the Emperor trusts him immensely. For him to keep progressing upwards is not a difficult thing.

And yet, for Sui-zhenfushi who holds so much power, he is unable to do anything for his good friend’s career problems. On the surface, it seems that this is due to the entirely differently systems that govern the promotions for Embroidered Uniform Guards and civil officials.

However, Sui Zhou believes that this is the result of him not being powerful and strong enough. If he had the power and authority that someone like Grand Tutor Sun Ji Zong has now, even if Liang Wen Hua wanted to sabotage Tang Fan, he would have to reconsider and they would not be stuck in this situation where they can only react to changes.

Tang Fan sees his frustration and instead comforts him, “You do not need to be like this. I know you are doing this for my own good but whether or not I continue to be an official, this is not under yours or my control. I have already done my best at the things I need to do and have no regrets. You don’t have to worry about things that will happen in the future. We should live in the present, and there will always be things to worry about tomorrow!”

Sui Zhou hears this and does not know if he should be reassured by how open-minded Tang Fan is, or worried that he is so nonchalant.

Then again, if Tang Fan was the the type of official that went after status and power, focusing only on promotions, then the both of them would unlikely have any common interests or views, or become good friends.

It is commonly said that there is a everything happens for a reason, and if you lose something you will also gain something. Although it is impossible for everything to go smoothly, but they headed into Marquis Gong’s tomb, meet bloodthirsty, merciless and ferocious tomb-guarding beasts and originally thinking that they would have to die down there, and they ended up returning safely. This is already a fortunate thing; hey really should not ask for too much.

In any case, he has plenty of savings and when it comes to that, Sui Zhou can definitely afford to take care of him. All he has to do is think of ways to make Tang Fan stay.

Sui Zhou does not realise that unconsciously, he has already been influenced by Tang Fan’s casual, broad-minded attitude. The way he used to regard life in a strict and narrow manner is also slowly changing.

If it was before, he might have gotten angry at Tang Fan’s lack of ambition and competitive drive, and the way he does not seem to want to work with anyone else, but right now, he instead understands Tang Fan and acknowledges his friend’s perspective towards life.

This is because Sui Zhou knows that it is not that Tang Fan does not want to progress upwards, that he doesn’t work hard. It is that he has already done his best within the limitations of his capabilities, and he does not want to force things. He prefers to let things come as they will - he works with the determination of wanting to work towards maintaining peace in this world, but as a person, he is happy being himself and will deal with things when they happen.

To be able to be friends with him is the other person’s fortune.

“You’re right,” Sui Zhou’s mouth curves upwards, and his heart eases.

He does not know when it started; when he looks at this person and thinks about him, his eyes lose the cold and hard edge usually present when he looks at others, and what’s left behind is a light layer of happiness.

***

“Guang Chuan, after we head back, you better make a trip to Yuan-zhenfushi’s. He has been with the Embroidered Uniform Guards for so many years and though he does not think much of power and status, he is definitely not someone who will let others step on him. Since he let you command the whole of the Northern Administrative Court, this means that he obviously is impressed with your abilities and is intent on making you his successor. If you can obtain his complete approval and you absorb all of Yuan Bin’s power and connections, then even if Wan Tong returns, he will not be able to touch you easily. At that point you would control the Northern Administrative Court firmly, and naturally will not be afraid of Wan Tong.”

“And,” Tang Fan sits on the bed and bends at the waist to remove his shoes and socks, then hugs the covers and lies on the bed as he plans for Sui Zhou, “You are Empress Dowager Zhou’s grandnephew and the trust that the Emperor has for you is not lesser than the trust he has for Wan Tong. After you return, you must remember two things and you will be able to stand firmly before the Emperor. No matter how Wan Tong tries to sabotage you, he will not be able to do anything to you.”

Sui Zhou raises an eyebrow, “I’m all ears.”

“Firstly, no matter what the Emperor wants to do, you must not oppose him. If he asks for your opinion, you must not respond. Whatever he says, you do, unless it clashes with your principles. Secondly, after Wan Tong drags Yuan Bin down, you must ask for leniency for Yuan Bin. If the Emperor asks you for a reason, you should say that you are willing to serve him as Yuan Wen served the previous Emperor. Not only will the Emperor not blame you if you say this, but he will also pardon Yuan Bin, and be closer to you as well.”

The Cheng Hua Emperor has plenty of bad habits but at the same time, he is also rather soft-hearted and nostalgic. However, he is also an Emperor and emperors do not prefer their subjects to oppose them day in and out. With this type of personality, the Emperor is indeed a very contradictory person.

Although Tang Fan has only seen the Emperor in person a few times, from the descriptions of people who often interact with him such as Sui Zhou and Wang Zhi, it is not difficult to deduce the Emperor’s character.

What he has just said to Sui Zhou can be regarded as him guessing at the Emperor’s thoughts and this is taboo. If it wasn’t someone like Sui Zhou who he is this close to, Tang Fan will definitely not say any of this.

Sui Zhou naturally understands and his heart warms as he enjoys this treatment.

“I understand, thank you.”

“Between you and I, is there any need for thanks?” Tang Fan smiles.

At night, Tang Fan sleeps rather restfully and these problems have obviously not affected his mood.

Sui Zhou, however, is unable to sleep.

Tang Fan took the initiative and asked to sleep on the inside so that he would not accidentally press on Sui Zhou’s injuries if he tosses and turns. He is lying on his side and his back is almost pressed entirely against the wall. Sui Zhou feels uncomfortable on his behalf just looking at him, but Tang Fan is still able to descend into his dreams.

Sui Zhou’s gaze is sombre and he looks quietly at Tang Fan for a long while, then reaches out to touch that handsome face.

His fingers land on the other’s lips, but he only lightly caresses for a moment. The touch is not made out of lust or want, only respect and sincerity.

Before he met Tang Fan, Sui Zhou was actually incredibly lonely inside.

The Sui family members are not able to understand why Sui Zhou entered the Embroidered Uniform Guards, and in their eyes, Sui Zhou should have emulated his older brother, working hard at the imperial examinations, helping the family to forge a path of honour which will allow them to get rid of the reputation that says they relied on their external relatives for status. Although the authority the Embroidered Uniform Guards wield is great, they have a terrible reputation as well. If he had received an empty title, that’s one thing, but being called a dog to the imperial court, what is this?

However, Sui Zhou does not need anyone to understand him. He is like a single, long wolf, moving forward on a path he has set his heart on.

And then he met Tang Fan.

A person who genuinely wants to help him to plan and strategise for the future.

To be able to attain such a soulmate, what more can he ask for?

He can only reciprocate with everything he has.

The bright moonlight peeps in through the window and lands on Tang Fan’s face. This illuminates his beauty and makes him look like an immortal, unlike a common man.

Suddenly, Deity Tang moves his lips, as if saying something.

Sui Zhou’s curiosity is piqued and he moves closer, but he ends up hearing Tang Fan mumble, “Crab roe… tofu soup…”

Sui Zhou, “…”

Tang-daren’s imposing and noble image has been shattered.

===

Notes:

*今朝有酒今朝醉，明日愁来明日愁 - An idiom that literally translates to ‘I will get drink on alcohol today, and worry about tomorrow when tomorrows comes.” Means to live in the present and worry about things when they happen rather than in advance.

#tsomd #cheng hua shi si nian #cheng hua's fourteenth year #the sleuth of ming dynasty #成化十四年 #tsomd novel #fanzhou #tang fan #sui zhou #suitang #translations #so romantic sui zhou!!!!!

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mirage-all · 4 years ago

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Now my one of the favourite drama ❤️

𝙳𝚛𝚊𝚖𝚊 : 𝕄𝕠𝕠𝕟𝕝𝕚��𝕙𝕥

𝚂𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐 : 𝔻𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕐𝕦𝕩𝕚 & 𝕐𝕦 𝕊𝕙𝕦𝕩𝕚𝕟

𝚂𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚢 : After graduating from university, with a passion for publishing, Chu Li successfully entered her dream company, Yuan Yue Publishing House. However, a challenging path lies ahead of her. She was shocked to find out that the publishing industry at this time has undergone huge changes. With her sincerity and professionalism, she earned the respect of renowned authors and became their exclusive editor. Chu Li overcomes the obstacles in her career and finally becomes an established editor. Renowned author Zhou Chuan is said to be gentle as a jade when he’s really not. The two are immediately at odds but Zhou Chuan later discovers that Chu Li is his online friend Monkey. She also discovers that her close online friend, "L Jun" is Zhou Chuan.

𝙴𝚙𝚒𝚜𝚘𝚍𝚎 𝙽𝚞𝚖𝚋𝚎𝚛 : 36

#cdrama #chinese drama #moonlight #ding yuxi

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bookishnerdlove · 3 years ago

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LCDD 34

Dolor en el corazón Después de visitar a la abuela Zhou, tanto Pei Chuan como Bei Yao regresaron al vecindario. Bei Yao acababa de regresar a casa, ya que era el receso escolar. Al llegar al vecindario, vio a su hermano pequeño en cuclillas y cavando lombrices, junto a sus amigos. Hacían mucho ruido mientras cavaban con toda su fuerza. Cuando Bei Jun vio a su hermana, sus pupilas negras brillaron…

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kdram-chjh · 3 years ago

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Cmovie: White Haired Devil Lady (2020) | dir. by Tianyu Zhou

预告：练霓裳为爱白头魔化血洗东厂！ |【白发魔女传 White Haired Devil Lady】 | YOUKU MOVIE | 优酷电影

Watch this video on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_qknxCJ1mk

#White Haired Devil Lady #白发魔女传 #White Haired Witch #Bai Fa Mo Nv Chuan #Zhang Wei Na #Norman Chui #Su Yu Chen #Shi Jun Zhe #Wang Xi #Sun Yu #Wang Peng #Youku #youtube #avance #Tianyu Zhou #2020

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businessfuels-blog · 6 years ago

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The Secret Behind the Meteoric Rise of Xiaomi

About Xiaomi

The fourth largest smartphone manufacturer in the world, Xiaomi was founded by Lei Jun along and Lin Bin in the year 2010. The company released its first smartphone in the month of August 2011, and it went on to become the largest manufacturer of smartphones in China in the year 2014. Further, due to high demand of Xiaomi mobiles, the company was ranked fourth largest smartphone maker by the end of first quarter of 2018.

About the Founder

Born on the sixteenth of December 1969; Lei Jun is the lesser known founder of the fourth biggest mobile phone manufacturer on the planet �� Xiaomi Inc.

At present, with an expected total assets of $13.3 Billion, Lei goes about as the CEO and Chairman of the of the $45 billion valuation organization, and in the wake of making a few world changing and innovation driven organizations, Lei is regularly alluded to as the 'Steve Jobs' of China also.

How Xiaomi Was Formed

Presently around the year 2010 and since some time, Lei was wanting to start a business which could get him the ideal position into the fast-evolving mobile phone world. Yet, to do as such he required a team. He frequently is advised to get together with individuals you know, however with a generally conviction, he wants to cooperate with the best individuals. Subsequently, he turned to the Ex-Googler – Bin Lin for help. With a confirmed understanding from Lin, he moved ahead with the idea of creating Xiaomi.

The following stage was funds. At that time, The Hong Kong billionaire Chan that controls Hang Lung Properties that sponsored Morningside Ventures, had been ordinary financial specialists in Lei since years. Also, keeping up the confidence, they chose to back him again as well! Aside from the Chans, Lei additionally gotten capital from, venture firms Qiming, Ceyuan, IDG Capital Partners, and others.

Also, with that Xiaomi alongside eight cofounders including Liu De, Hong Feng, Zhou Guangping, Chuan Wang, Li Wanqiang, and Kong-Kat Wong was officially established on the sixth of April 2010.

History and Funding

Xiaomi simply managed to take the hardware and mobile world by surprise in 2014. Their flagship mobile phone, Mi4 was a standout amongst the top of the line smartphones in history and cleared the way for mid-level mobile phones and their market base.

The organization was established by eight accomplices in the year 2010 and was subsidized by a Singapore based speculation bunch called Temasek Holdings and Chinese financial capitalists called IDG Capital alongside Qiming Venture Partners. They were one of the first organizations that were supported by core mobile organizations, Qualcomm. Xiaomi keeps on utilizing their processors for their mobiles even today.

One of the main devices that Xiaomi made available was Mi2. This was the first device that included the progressive and well-known Qualcomm Snapdragon chip. The device sold near 10 million units inside the initial 11 months of its origin, hence permitting Xiaomi to pick up a solid footing in popular markets, for example, Australia, United States, Europe and New Zealand.

The Growth and Success of the Brand Xiaomi

With the humongous achievement of the main adaptation Xiaomi Mi1', Mi-2 mobile phones were sold in a much increasingly more extensive territory, and with the assistance of wireless phone seller Mobicity, the organization proceeded to catch the Western market including – United States, Europe, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.

Their demand and reach of Xiaomi was to such an extent that the organization had sold more than 26 million mobile phones in the first half of 2014 and in simply a time of 4 years, the organization with its development had taken over Samsung to turned into China's driving mobile phone seller in the second quarter of 2014. With a total assets of $9.9 billion, Lei had now turned into the eighth richest individual in China.

Xiaomi Captured Indian Market by Storm

Afterward, around the mid of 2014, Xiaomi likewise entered the tremendous undiscovered market of India. Lie Jun entered the market by solely tying up with India's biggest E-business site – Flipkart. Their effect in India was with the end goal that, they were sold out in the initial 24 seconds itself. They sold 40,000 mobile phones altogether. That is the point at which, the organization chose to extended quickly in India and in the long run likewise joined forces with other E-business pioneers like Amazon.com and Snapdeal too. What's more, with the finish of year, in the wake of getting $1.1 billion in financing and Xiaomi turned into the world's most profitable technology start-up with a valuation more than $46 billion.

Xiomi Business and Revenue Model

In selling a mobile phone, Xiaomi utilizes a one of a kind system that dissimilar to the market pattern. The organization has set the costs of their phones about at the cost value, that too without trading off the quality and execution.

To additionally decrease their expenses, Xiaomi utilizes the online medium solely to sell its items and not at all like its rivals does not claim a solitary physical store. What's more is that, to keeping a severe command over its stock, Xiaomi offers constrained accessibility streak deals which ensures that supply never crosses the interest and keeps the market buzz on an unequalled high.

Achievement Strategy

The purposes for the immense accomplishment of Xiaomi is because of their distinctive methodology as far as advertising and strategizing that fluctuates from goliaths, for example, Samsung and Apple. They can sell their items at nearly the market building cost and to make up for the short overall revenue, they enable the item to stay in the market for near year and a half. In examination, Samsung stops generation following a half year of discharge.

Xiaomi additionally records shopper input as one of their significant zones where they center to ensure that items are constantly attractive. Likewise, they don't claim any physical stores the world over and want to sell their items from an elite online store, further diminishing the costs that they would have brought about something else. This alongside a practically free advertising buzz made by their quality is the purpose behind their gigantic achievement worldwide.

The Growth and Future of Xiomi

Since its dispatch in simply an issue of 5 years, Xiaomi has developed on to turned into world's fourth biggest mobile phone manufacturer, which presently likewise structures, creates, and sells mobile phones, versatile applications, and related shopper hardware. Since Xiaomi has figured out how to break the world record for "most mobile phones sold on a single online platform in 24 hours", their venture into the undiscovered Indian market has additionally turned out to be truly interesting and aggressive.

Final Words

So far Xiaomi has entered in majority of the countries of the world. The company is scaling up the operations consistently and it is looking to becoming the largest manufacturer of mobile phones in the world in coming future.

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fareastfilm · 6 years ago

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REVIEW: DYING TO SURVIVE

By Jovana Gjorgjiovska

Dying to Survive: a poignant Chinese comedy-drama where social issues and complex moral questions are presented with a sprinkle of humour.

Wen Muye’s feature film debut Dying to Survive tells the story of Cheng Yong (Zheng Xu), a businessman-turned-philanthropist who smuggles cheap cancer medicine from India into China for patients who can’t afford the expensive original medicine.

Early in the movie, Yong becomes the head of a smuggling group and gets help from cancer patient Lv Shouyi (Chuan-jun Wang), the admin of cancer patient groups who has a sick daughter Liu Sihui (Zhuo Tan), the English-speaking priest Liu (Xinming Yang) and the most tragic gang member and a modern Robin Hood, Yellow Hair (Yu Zhang). Parallel to the main narrative, the police officer Cao Bin (Yiwei Zhou) is torn between his task to crack down on the illegal medicine trade and his own humanistic values.

Wen lays the groundwork for Dying to Survive by following the five unlikely smugglers through their initial struggles to establish the business. While the tone is comical, the editing cuts through most of their less relevant steps to success and gives the audience a tightly woven story about Yong’s endeavours to find balance between his profit-oriented mindset and the genuine worry about Chinese cancer patients, among whom is his father. Halfway through the movie, Yong decides to “go clean” and start a legitimate textile business, selling the illicit trade network to a more experienced dealer and cutting ties with his fellow smugglers. Coherent with the compact story-telling at the beginning, Dying to Surviveonce again zooms in to the crux of the characters’ arcs. The authorities are slowly closing in on the medicine smugglers,Lv’s condition is exacerbated and Yong is called back in to save the hopes of many devastated families. The flashiness of the gang’s success in the first part rivals the complexity of the moral dilemmas they are all facing during the wind-down, without making the whole narrative appear artificial.

Based on a real-life story, Dying to Survive convincingly presents universally relevant socio-economical questions without wandering off into political topics. Its multi-dimensional characters are well developed and believable, allowing both domestic and international audiences to feel a powerful connection with their inner lives. Despite the mid-movie genre change, the consistent editing and masterful acting of its cast - especially Zheng’s authenticity as the gang leader Yong - make the movie a harmonious realistic account focused on the contemporary problems of patients too poor to afford their medicine. Director Wen’s mature storytelling was not only awarded by a great success at the box office -Dying to Survive earned US$450 million in China - but it also managed to make a real-life impact: the Chinese authorities included the low-cost medicine in the list of those approved by the healthcare administration.

#feff21 #farestfilmfestival #feffupyourlife #udine #italy #asia #cinema #movies #review #journalism

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bookofjin · 8 years ago

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Records of Shi Le, part 1

[From JS104. Shi Le and the Eighteen Riders, there’s a story waiting to be told (made up) here for someone creative with time on their hands.]

Shi Le, courtesy name Shilong, originally named Bei, was a Jie from Wuxiang in Shangdang. His ancestors were descendants of a separate section of the Xiongnu, the Qiangqu. His grandfather Yeyiyu and father Zhou Hezhu, also named Qijijia, were both minor chiefs of section groups. At the time of Le's birth, a red light filled the house. White vapour from the sky collected in the the middle of the courtyard. Those who saw were completely amazed by it.

At 14 years old, he followed people of the district travelling to Luoyang, relying on screaming at the Shangdong gate. Wang Yan [JS043] saw and was amazed by him. He looked back and spoke left and right, saying: “Turning toward the Hu toddler, I see his voice and looks have a remarkable determination, I fear he will be the scourge of Under Heaven.” He hurriedly dispatched to collect him, but Le had already left.

He was tall, large and strong, and was brave and vigorous, was heroic and martial and good at riding and shooting. Hezhu was by nature evil and crude, and did not have the adherence of the multitude of Hu. He always sent Le to replace himself in supervising and assisting. The Hu section loved and trusted him.

He resided in Wuxiang below the northern highlands and mountains grass and wood [?], all had the semblance of strong cavalry. In the middle of the houses and gardens he lived side by side with people[?], flowers and leaves were very thick. He knew completely the shape of people [?].

The old fathers and the judges [of character] all said: “This Hu's shape and appearance is unusual and remarkable, his purpose and measures not common, he in the end can not be measured.” They urged the people of the district to greatly get along with him. At the time there was much ridicule and snicker. Only Guo Jing, a native of Wu鄔, and Ning Qu of Yangqu accordingly considered it to be true, both adding wealth and support. Le likewise perceived their kindness and was cultivating their strength.

He always heard the sound of sheath and bell, and returned to thereby to inform his mother. His mother said: “Arising to work and hearing a bird cry, can not but be a good omen.”

In the middle of Tainan [302 – 303], there was in Bing province starvation and chaos. Le with several young Hu absconded and scattered. Then he returned from Yanmen returned to rely on Ning Qu. The Chief Commandant of Beize, Liu Jian, tied them up and sold them, Qu hid them and obtained a pardon.

Le hence secretly went to accept to surrender [?] to the Chief Commandant Li Chuan. On the road he happened to meet Guo Jing. He wept and bowed, saying he was hungry and frozen. Jing replied to him with flowing tears, and used belted goods to sell for food for him, and combined to give accordingly clothes and dress. [?]

Le spoke to Jing, saying: “Presently there is a great hunger, [I?] can not defend the poor. The various Hu are very starved, we ought to induce to want Ji province to approach with grain. For this reason arresting and selling them, can both help.” [?] Jing deeply affirmed him.

It happened that the General who Establishes Power, Yan Cui, told the Inspector of Bing province, the Duke of Dongying, Teng, to carry the various Hu to the east of the mountains to sell to supply the army wealth. Teng sent Generals Guo Yang and Zhang Long with a group of Hu wanting [?] to go to Ji province, two Hu in one yoke.

Le at the time was more than twenty years old and likewise was in its middle [?]. He several times was spurred on and humiliated by Long. Jing formerly due to Le connected Guo Yang and elder brother's son Shi [?]. Yang was Jing's fraternal elder brother. Thus used Yang and Shi each time as requesters for release. [?]. On the roads and paths there was starvation and disease. He relied on Yang and Shi, and [they] helped. [?]

Then he was sold to Shi Huan, a native of Chiping, as a slave. There was a single old man who spoke to Le saying: “Sir's fish dragon and hair juncture above the Four Ways are already complete [?], [you] must necessarily be a master of men. In the year of jiaxu, the royal Pengzu can be charted [?].” Le said: “Like before noble speech, [I] do not dare to forget virtue.” Suddenly he did not see [him].

Each time he ploughed and worked in the fields, he often heard the sounds of drums and horns. Le thereby told the various slaves. The various slaves likewise heard it [him?]. Because of that [he?] said: “When I as an infant came to be in a house, [I] regularly heard [sound] like this.” The various slaves returned to accordingly tell Huan. Huan likewise was amazed by his appearance and countenance, and released him.

Huan's house was neighbour to horse shepherds. [They?] and the leader of the shepherds, Ji Sang of Wei commandery came and went. Le, due to being able to judge horses, himself was relied on by Sang [?]. He was once hired at Wu'an and Linshui and was confined by the patrolling army. It happened that there was a group of deer passing near by. The army people competed to chase them and Le therefore managed to escape. Suddenly he again saw the single old man. He spoke to Le, saying: “The direction of the group of deer [was?] me. Sir must be the master of the central provinces. Because of that [I] judged to save you.” Le bowed and accepted the instructions.

Thereupon he summoned and assembled Wang Yang, Kui An, Zhi Xiong, Ji Bao, Wu Yu, Liu Ying, Tao Bao, Lu Ming and others, eight riders, as a group of bandits. Later Guo Ao, Liu Zheng, Liu Bao, Zhang Yipu, Huyan Mo, Guo Heilüe, Zhang Yue, Kong Tun, Zhao Lu, Zhi Quliu and others also attended him. They were called the Eighteen Riders. They again went east to the red dragon thoroughbreds within the various pastures [?]. They drove the pasture horses and plundered silk and treasures, to accordingly present to Ji Sang.

When the King of Chengdu, Ying, defeated the Driving Carriage at Dangyin, he compelled the Emperor to go to the Ye palace. Wang Jun [JS039], due to Ying insulting and humiliating the Son of Heaven, sent Xianbei to strike him. Ying was afraid, clasped Emperor and fled south to Luoyang. The Emperor was again pressured by Zhang Fang [JS060] to move to Chang'an. By the frontiers to the east there were soldiers rising up, all in the name of executing Ying [?].

The King of Hejian, Yong, feared the abundance of the eastern host and desired to gather in his breast to go east again, and therefore memorialised to discuss to discard Ying. That year, Liu Yuanhai called [himself] King of Han at Liting. Ying because of that used Gongshi Fan, a native of Yangping, and others, calling himself General, raising troops in Zhao and Wei. The multitudes came in several tens of thousands.

Le and Ji Sang led the shepherds riding the pasture horses, several hundred riders, to accordingly attend him. Sang started to instruct Le to use Shi as family name, Le became known as that. Fan designated Le as Controller of the Van Group, following to attack the Duke of Pingchang, Mo, at Ye. Mo sent General Feng Song to confront them in battle, defeating them. Fan crossed [the He] south at Baima. The Grand Warden of Puyang, Ji Xi punished and beheaded him.

Le and Sang ran away and hid within the pastures. Sang used Le to crouch at night at the Serrated Gates [?], leading the shepherds to rob and plunder the counties of the commandery and fasten prisoners. He also summoned [those who] had fled the instructions into the mountains and marshes. Many adhered to Le. Le led [them?] to accordingly submit to him [Sang?].

Sang therefore titled himself Great General, saying he was in the name of the King of Chengdu, Ying, executing the King of Donghai, Yue and the Duke of Dongying, Teng. Sang used Le as the van rider. He again and again had merits in battle and was appointed to be General who Sweeps away the Caitiffs and Marquis of Zhongming village.

Sang advanced the army to attack Ye, using Le as Commander-in-Chief of the Vanguard. They greatly defeated Teng's general Feng Song and because of that pushed deep to enter Ye. Thereupon they murdered Teng, killed more than ten thousand people, carried off wives, maidens and the precious treasure, and left. They crossed from Yanjin and to the south struck Yan province. Yue was greatly afraid and sent Guo Xi [JS061], Wang Zan and others to punish them.

Sang and Le attacked the Inspector of You province, Shi Xian, at Leling. Xian died there. The beggar Tian Yin led a multitude of 50 000 to save Xian. Le confronted him in battle and defeated Yin. He and Xi and others opposed each other in Pingyuan and Yangping for a period of several months. In more than thirty battles great and small, they won and lost against each other. Yue was afraid and lodged at Guandu, to express support for Xi.

Sang and Le were defeated by Xi. The dead where more than ten thousand people. They therefore gathered their remanding multitudes, wanting to flee to Liu Yuanhai. The Inspector of Ji Province, Ding Shao [JS090], intercepted them at Chiqiao, again greatly defeating them. Sang fled to the horse shepherds. Le fled to Leping. The royal host beheaded Sang in Pingyuan.

At the time the Hu section greats Zhang Beidu, Feng Motu and others embraced a multitude of several thousand, walling off in Shangdang. Le went to follow them and became very close. Because of that he spoke to Beidu, saying: “Shanyu Liu is raising troops to execute Jin. The sections greats resist and do not follow. How [are you] able to stand alone?”

He said: “[We] are not able.”

Le said: “For that reason thus those who are not able, troops and horses must be stringed together. Now the section groups are all already appreciated and summoned by the Shanyu, from time to time they assemble to discuss their desire to rebel against the section greats and revert to the Shanyu. We ought to soon be their plan. [?]”

Beidu and others habitually were without wisdom or plans, and feared the section multitudes were not devoted to them [?]. They therefore secretly followed Le on single horseback to revert to Yuanhai. Yuanhai appointed Beidu King who is Fond of Han, Motu as Commander-in-Chief of the Section Greats, and used Le as General who Assists Han and King who Pacifies Jin to thereby command them. Le hence instructed Beidu as an elder brother, bestowing on him the family name of the Shi clan, naming him Hui, saying he had met himself.

Zhang Fulidu of the Wuwan likewise had a multitude of 2 000 walling up in Leping. Yuanhai again and again summoned him, yet he was not able to bring it about. Le pretended to commit a crime to Yuanhai, and because of that fled to Fulidu. Fulidu was greatly pleased and joined with him as brothers. He sent Le to lead the various Hu to rob and plunder, being not toward the front [?]. The various Hu feared and submitted.

Le knew the multitude in their hearts were adhering to himself, and therefore because of that assembled and detained Fulidu, announcing to the various Hu, saying: “Now to begin the great affair, I or Fulidu, who is worthy of being the master?” The various Hu together accordingly pushed forward Le. Le hence released Fulidu and led his section's multitude to revert to Yuanhai. Yuanhai promoted Le to Controller of All Army Affairs in Conquering and Punishing East of the Mountains, using Fulidu's multitude to pair with him.

Yuanhai sent Liu Cong to attack Huguan, and instructed Le to lead his command of 7 000 as Commander-in-Chief of the Vanguard. Liu Kun [JS062] dispatched Army Protector Huang Xiu and others to relieve Huguan. Le defeated Xiu at Baitian. Le thereupon captured Huguan.

Yuanhai instructed Le, Liu Ling, Yan Pi and others, seven generals, to lead a multitude of 30 000 to rob the various ramparts and walls of Wei commandery and Dunqiu. They captured many of them and made use of the rampart masters as Generals and Chief Commandants. They selected the strong and big, 50 000, as soldiers in the army, the old and weak to stay at the walls like before. The army was without private plundering, the hundred families cherished them.

When Yuanhai usurped the title [of Emperor], he dispatched envoys to confer on Le Holding the Tally and Great General who Pacifies the East. Colonel, Commander-in-Chief and King like before.

Le united the army to rob Ye. Ye was overrun. He Yu fled to Weyguo. [Le] seized the Grand Warden of Wei commandery, Wang Cui, advanced to attack Zhao commandery and murdered the Chief Commandant of the Western Section of Ji province, Feng Chong. He attacked the beggars She Ting and Tian Yin at Zhongqiu, killing them both.

Yuanhai conferred on Le Great General who Calms the East and Opening Office, and to set up Senior Clerks of the Left and Right, Marshal, and Assistant Officer Palace Gentleman.

He advanced the army to attack Julu and Changshan, murdering the Wardens and generals of the two commanderies. He captured in the commanderies and counties of Ji province more than a hundred forts and walls, his multitude reached more than 100 000. Their clothes, caps, people and things he assembled as the lordly master barracks [?].

Therefore he pulled Zhang Bin as Master of Planning, and first appointed a Board of Merit of the Army. He used Diao Ying and Zhang Jin as thighs and arms; Kui An and Kong Chang as claws and teeth; Zhi Xiong, Huyan Mo, Wang Yang, Tao Bao, Lu Ming, Wu Yu and others as generals and commanders.

He sent his general Zhang Si to lead cavalry to go to Bing province's various commanderies and counties north of the mountains, to explain to the various Hu and Jie, to shine light on and thereby calm the danger [?]. The various Hu feared Le's power and fame, and many were those who adhered. He advanced the army Changshan and separately dispatched various generals to attack the various counties of Zhongshan, Boling and Gaoyang. Those who surrendered to him were several tens of thousand people.

Wang Jun [JS039] sent his general Qi Hong to lead the Xianbei Duan Wuchen and others, 100 000 cavalry, to punish Le. He greatly defeated Le at Feilong Mountain. The dead were more than 10 000. Le withdrew to garrison Liyang. He separately instructed the various generals to attack the various who were not obeying and rebelling [?], degrading [?] 30 walled places [?] and setting up wardens and stewards to thereby console them.

He advanced to rob Xindu, murdering the Inspector of Ji province, Wang Bin. Hence the General of Chariots and Cavalry, Wang Kan, and the Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the North, Pei Xian, led the multitudes from Luoyang to punish Le. Le burnt the barracks and combined the provisions, and turned around the army to resist them, lodging at Huangniu Ramparts. The Grand Warden of Wei commandery, Liu Ju, used the commandery to adhere to Le. Le sent Ju to command his rampart multitudes as the Left Wing of the Centre Army. Le arrived at Liyang. Pei Xian abandoned his army and fled south of the Huai. Wang Kan withdrew to fortify Cangyuan.

Yuanhai conferred on Le Great General who Garrisons the East, and enfeoffed him Duke of Ji commandery, Grasping the Tally, Commander-in-Chief and King [!] like before. Le firmly deferred to be a Duke and did not accept.

He and Yan Pi attacked Duquan and Yuanshi ramparts, capturing them. Pi was hit by a flying arrow and died. Le joined together and commanded their multitudes. He crossed the He from Shiqiao and captured Baima and buried alive men and women, more than 3 000 mouths. To the east he raided Juancheng and murdered the Inspector of Yan province, Yuan Fu. Because of that he could attack Cangyuan, capturing it, and thereupon murder Kan. He crossed the He to attack the various counties of Guangzong, Qinghe, Pingyuan and Yangping. Those who surrendered to Le were more than 70 000 mouths. He again crossed the He south, the Grand Warden of Xingyang, Pei Chun, fled to Jianye.

At the time Liu Cong attacked Henei. Le led cavalry to meet with him. He attacked the General of the Best of the Army, Liang Ju, at Wude. Emperor Huai dispatched troops to aid him [Ju]. Le halted the various generals to defend Wude. He and Wang Sang confronted Ju at Changling. Ju requested to surrended. Le did allow it. Ju crossed over the walls and hid. The people of the army arrested him. Le hurried to Wude and buried the surrendered soldiers, more than 10 000. He counted Liang Ju's crimes and murdered him. The royal host withdrew and returned. North of the He the various fortresses and walls greatly shook, and all requested to surrender and sent to yield to Le.

#js104

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dethdealer12345-blog · 7 years ago

Text

The Hanzhong Campaign (217-219) and the ‘Battle of Han River’.

The battle of Han River is a strange thing in history.

Set during the early Three Kingdoms period, before the Three Kingdoms had even formed proper. The battle takes place in Hanzhong Commandery between the warlords Cao Cao and Liu Bei. To anyone who knows of the time period, be it through historical texts, games, novels, etc this should be sounding familiar.

I myself love the time period, and it was while looking through historical sources that I noticed a discrepancy.

The following is what I have found as well as my thoughts.

The Hanzhong Campaign according to Sanguozhi

Liu Bei's Biography

In 215 AD, Liu Bei had conquered Yizhou, Sun Quan sent an ambassador to him to ask for Jingzhou. Liu Bei replied:

"I need to conquer Liangzhou before I can offer Jingzhou."

Sun Quan was angry and asked Lu Meng to attack Changsha, Guiyang, and Lingling. Liu Bei led fifty thousand troops to Gong'an and asked Guan Yu to station in Yiyang. During this year, Cao Cao settled Hanzhong while Zhang Lu escaped to Ba Xi.

When Liu Bei heard of this, he asked for peace with Sun Quan and offered to divide up the Jingzhou prefecture: Jiangxia, Changsha, and North Guiyang were given to Wu, while he kept Nanjun, Lingling, and West Wuling.

Liu Bei then returned his troops to Jiangzhou and sent Huang Quan to accept Zhang Lu. But Zhang Lu had already surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao asked Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He to station in Hanzhong and attack the Ba (Shu) border. Liu Bei ordered Zhang Fei to lead troops to Yanchu and fight Zhang He at Wakou pass. Zhang He was defeated and retreated to Nanzheng, capital of Hanzhong. Liu Bei returned to Chengdu.

In 218, Liu Bei took all his subordinates to attack Hanzhong and asked Wu Lan and Lei Tong to conquer Wu Du. However, they both were defeated and killed by Cao Cao's troops. Liu Bei stationed at Yangping Pass and confronted Xiahouo Yuan and Zhang He.

In the sping of 219, Liu Bei at the south of Yangping Pass passed across the Mian river and camped at Dingjun mountain. Xiahou Yuan came to take the area of Zou Ma valley. Liu Bei ordered Huang Zhong to attack Xiahou Yuan at the height of the battle drums. Xiahou Yuan as well as Ci the Inspector of Yizhou Zhao Yu, were defeated and killed by Huang Zhong. Cao Cao led his troops south to attack Liu Bei. Liu Bei said:

"Cao Cao is now coming but he is no threat to us anymore. I will soon have Han Chuan within my grasp."

When Cao Cao arrived, Liu Bei did not attack but continued to defend his camp. Many troops were deserting away from Cao Cao's side. By the time of summer, Cao Cao finally retreated and Liu Bei conquered Hanzhong. Liu Bei sent Liu Feng, Meng Da, and Li Yan to attack Shen Dan in Shangyong who later surrendered.

Zhang Fei's biography

Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu, and left Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He to defend the Han valley. Zhang He led several battalions separately down to Baxi, intending to evacuate the locals to Hanzhong. He advanced to Dangqu, Mengtou, Dangshi, and opposed Zhang Fei for some fifty days. Zhang Fei directed more than 10,000 elite soldiers through an alternate route to intercept Zhang He. In the narrow and treacherous mountain paths, without any chance of aid from either van or rear, Zhang Fei subsequently defeated Zhang He. Zhang He abandoned Mount Mayuan and retreated with little more than ten men through a minor path, leading the troops back to Nanzheng. The land of Ba was thus able to gain peace. Liu Bei became King of Hanzhong and assigned Zhang Fei General of the Right, with insignia bestowed.

Huang Zhong's biography

In 219, Huang Zhong attacked Xiahou Yuan at Mount Dingjun in Hanzhong. Xiahou Yuan's troops were elite but on every charge Huang Zhong was at the forefront, to rouse his soldiers. The drums roused the Heavens and the roar of the soldiers resonated through the gorges. At the first clash Xiahou Yuan was beheaded and his troops greatly defeated. Huang Zhong was promoted to the position of General who Subdues the West. That year, Liu Bei became King of Hanzhong and wished to make Huang Zhong General of the Rear. Zhuge Liang advised Liu Bei saying:

"Huang Zhong's presitge never matched that of Guan Yu or Ma Chao. But now he is their equal. Ma Chao and Zhang Fei are by your side, have seen his meritorious service and will understand your choice. But when Guan Yu hears from afar, I fear that he will not be happy. This cannot be had."

Liu Bei said:

"I will resolve this myself."

Then Huang Zhong was promoted to the same level as Guan Yu and the others, and was enfeoffed as a Marquis of the Imperial Domain.

Fa Zheng's biography

In 217, Fa Zheng said to Liu Bei:

"With one blow Cao Cao compelled Zhang Lu to surrender and settled Hanzhong, but he did not follow up his advantage by invading Ba and Shu. All he has done is leave Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He to guard the place, while he himself suddenly goes back to the north. It is not that he is foolish, nor that he is weak. He must have some secret cause for anxiety. Now think about Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He. They are no match for our officers. If you raise an army and attack, you will surely defeat them."

"When you have done that, encourage farming and build stores of grain, look for some grievance and await opportunity. At best, you will overturn the enemy and preserve the royal house; at the second level, you may nibble away at Yong and Liang provinces ans so extend your territory; and at the very least, you can set a firm guard on the strategic points and secure yourself a long time to come. This is a chance from Heaven. You must not let it pass!"

Liu Bei was delighted with his plan. He then led all his officers and troops to Hanzhong. Fa Zheng also traveled with. In 219, Liu Bei from Yang Ping crossed the Mian River. He entered the mountain range and set up an encampment at Dingjun. Xiahou Yuan brought his troops to contend this ground. Fa Zheng said:

"We can strike."

Liu Bei then instructed Huang Zhong beat the drums and ride the cavalry to attack them. He greatly defeated Xiahou Yuan's army and took his head.

Cao Cao brought the army west. When he heard of Fa Zheng's plan he said:

"I knew Xuande (Liu Bei) was unable to accomplish this, someone else was teaching him."

Liu Bei made himself the King of Han Zhong and set up Fa Zheng as Prefect Imperial Secretariat and General who Protects the Army. That year he died at age 45.

A note at the end of his biography tells the following story.

Liu Bei and Cao Cao fought and the progress was slow. The idea to withdraw was voiced. Liu Bei then became very angry and would not withdraw and no one would dare object. The arrows poured down like rain so Fa Zheng stood in front of the Liu Bei. Liu Bei said:

"Xiaozhi (Fa Zheng) avoid the arrows."

Fa Zheng said:

"My enlightened lord braves the arrows and stones himself, so how can a servant like me not do so?"

Liu Bei responded:

"Xiaozhi, you and I will leave together."

And so they withdrew.

Liu Feng's Biography

In 219, orders sent Meng Da from Zigui to go north to attack Fangling, and Administrator of Fangling Kuai Qi was by Meng Da's troops killed. Meng Da was about to advance and attack Shangyong, But Liu Bei secretly feared Meng Da was difficult to be entrusted alone, and therefore sent Liu Feng from Hanzhong to ride the Mian river down to join Meng Da's army, with Meng Da meeting at Shangyong.

Shen Dan, Administrator of Shangyong, led his army to surrender, sending his wives and children and clansmen to Chengdu as hostages. Liu Bei added office to Shen Dan as General who Conquers the North, with office as Administrator of Shangyong and fief as Marquis of Yuanxiang as before, and appointed Shen Dan's younger brother Shen Yi as General Establishing Faith and Administrator of Xiheng, and sent Liu Feng as General of the Assistant Army.

Zhou Qun's Biography

Liu Bei wished to fight with Cao Cao over Hanzhong, and asked Zhou Qun. Zhou Qun answered:

"You can obtain its land, but not its people. If you send out a separate supporting army you will certainly be unsuccessful. You must be cautious!"

At the time Yizhou's Rear Division Major Zhang Yu of Shu-jun was skilled with weather based divination, and his innate talent surpassed Zou Qun, and he remonstrated Liu Bei:

"You cannot fight for Hanzhong. The army will certainly be unsuccessful."

Liu Bei did not use Zhang Yu's words, and indeed obtained the territory but not its people. Generals Wu Lan, Lei Tong, and others entered Wudu as a separate supporting force, and all died and did not return, all as Zhou Qun had said. Therefore Zhou Qun was nominated as Maocai "Abundant Talent."

Wang Ping's Biography

Followed Cao Cao on campaign to Hanzhong, and because he surrendered to Liu Bei was appointed Ivory Gate General and Supplementary General.

Cao Cao's Biography

Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Wu Lan, and others to garrison Xiabian. Cao Hong was sent to counter them.

Cao Hong defeated Wu Lan and beheaded his general Ren Kui and others. In the third month, Zhang Fei and Ma Chao fled to Hanzhong. The Di of Yinping, Qiang Rui killed Wu Lan and presented his head.

In the seventh month, autumn, there were held military exercises for the subsequent western campaign against Liu Bei. In the ninth month, he reached Chang'an.

In 219, in the first month, Xiahou Yuan battled with Liu Bei at Yangping and was killed by Liu Bei.

In the third month, Cao Cao advanced from Xie Gorge, ordered his army to secure strategic points, approached Hanzhong and subsequently reached Yangping. Liu Bei held out in the defense of the difficult terrain.

In the fifth month, summer, he led the army in withdrawel to Chang'an.

Xiahou Yuan's Biography

When Zhang Lu surrendered, Hanzhong was pacified, and Xiahou Yuan was appointed Acting General of Regional Defense with command over Zhang He, Xu Huang, and others to pacify Ba Jun. Cao Cao returned to Ye, leaving Xiahou Yuan to defend Han Zhong and appointed Xiahou Yuan General who Conquers the West.

In 218, Liu Bei' army entered Yangping pass. Xiahou Yuan sent the officers to resist him, and they faced one another and defended through the year.

In 219, first moon, Liu Bei in the night set fire to the camp barricades. Xiahou Yuan sent Zhang He to defend the eastern side, and personally led light troops to defend the southern sides. Liu Bei advanced and battled Zhang He, and Zhang He's army was unsuccessful. Xiahou Yuan divided his troops and sent half to assist Zhang He, but was attacked by Liu Bei. Xiahou Yuan therefore died in battle.

Cao Xiu's Biography

Liu Bei sent his General Wu Lan to camp at Xiabian, Cao Cao sent Cao Hong to attack them, with Cao Xiu as Cavalry Commandant and Adviser to Cao Hong's army. Cao Cao said to Cao Xiu:

"Though you are the army's advisor, in fact you are the commander."

Cao Hong heard this order, and also entrusted matters to Cao Xiu,

In 218, Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei to camp at Gushan, wishing to cut off the army's rear. Everyone discussed and was unsure, and Cao Xiu said:

"If the rebels truly were cutting off the road, they would hide troops and move secretly. Now instead they first make noise to show strength, so this cannot be. We should while they are not yet gathered, urgently strike Wu Lan. If Wu Lan is destroyed then Zhang Fei will himself flee."

Cao Hong followed this, advanced troops to strike Wu Lan, greatly defeated them, and Zhang Fei indeed fled.

In 219, Cao Cao evacuated Hanzhong, the various armies returned to Chang'an, and appointed Cao Xiu as Central Manager of the Army.

Cao Zhen's Biography

As an Assistant-General he commanded troops to strike Liu Bei's separate division Generals at Xiabian, defeated them, and was promoted to Central Firm General. He followed to Chang'an, with command as Central Manager of the Army.

At that time, 219, Xiahou Yuan perished at Yangping, and Cao Cao mourned him. Cao Zhen became Protector of the Army campaigning against Shu, commanding Xu Huang and others to defeat Liu Bei's seperate division General Gao Xiang at Yangping.

Cao Cao reached Hanzhong, pulled back the various armies, sending Cao Zhen to Wudu to call back Cao Hong and the rest to return to garrison Chencang.

Xu Huang's Biography

Cao Cao returned to Ye, leaving Xu Huang with Xiahou Yuan to resist Liu Bei at Yangping. Liu Bei sent Chen Shi and others with over 10 battalions to cut off Mamingge road, bu Xu Huang separately campaigned and defeated them, and the rebels threw themselves into the mountain valley, and many died.

Cao Cao heard of this and was deeply pleased, gave Xu Huang a Staff of Authority, and the Order said:

"This road is Hanzhong's vital throat. Liu Bei wished to cut off the outside and inside, in order to capture Hanzhong. You General in one move overcame and defeated the rebel plans, and are the greatest of the great."

Cao Cao then himself reached Yangping (219), and led back Hanzhong's various armies.

Xin Pi's Biography

Long afterward, (217) Cao Cao sent Regional Protector Cao Hong to pacify Xiabian, and sent Xin Pi and Cao Xiu to advise him. The Order said:

"In the past Gaozu (Liu Bang) was greedy and lecherous, but Zhang Liang and Chen Ping rectified his faults. Now Zuozhi's (Xin Pi's) and Wenlie's (Cao Xiu's) worries are not light."

In 219 the army returned, and he became Chief Clerk to the Chancellor.

Zhang He's Biography

Zhang He leading an army, captured and received the surrender of the two commanderies Ba Dong (Eastern Ba) and Ba Xi (Western Ba); adding the two populations into Hanzhong. Advancing towards Dang Qu, he met resistance from Zhang Fei, and withdrew to Nanzheng. Zhang He was promoted to General who Agitates Bandits.

Liu Bei had over ten thousand elite troops under his command, divided into ten divisions, and quickly attacked Zhang He at night. Zhang He lead some personal troops to engage thus preventing Liu Bei. Afterwards, Liu Bei set fire to Zou Ma valley encircling the area. Xiahou Yuan who was putting out the fire confronted Liu Bei and fought a battle. Lacking in troops and continuing on, Xiahou Yuan died.

Zhang He returned to Yangping. Due to the recent death of their commander Xiahou Yuan, the three armies all lost complexion in their faces. They were fearful of the rising in power of Liu Bei. Xiahou Yuan's second in command, the Major Guo Huai ordered the remnants of the army thus:

"General Zhang He is a renowned general in the kingdom; one that Liu Bei fears. Today we are in a perilous state, if not for general Zhang He, we would not be safe."

Thus Zhang He was made the commander of the remaining army. Zhang He straightened out the army, tightening the troops. The various officers complying with his orders felt at eased. Cao Cao was in Chang'an, he dispatched orders to help relieve Zhang He.

Cao Cao personally arrived in Hanzhong. Liu Bei didn't dare to do battle so he stayed defending at Gao Shan. Cao Cao withdrew the various generals out of Hanzhong while Zhang He returned to station at Chencang.

According to Wei Lue: Although Xiahou Yuan held the rank of Chief Controller, Liu Bei feared Zhang He then Xiahou Yuan. After killing Xiahou Yuan, Liu Bei remarked:

"After acquiring the chief, who can do evil!"

Thus according to the Sanguozhi the Hanzhong Campaign appears to go as follows.

Fa Zheng advises Liu Bei to invade Hanzhong, to which Zhou Qun and Zhang Yu object.

Liu Bei listens to Fa Zheng and prepares an army to invade.

Zhang He attacks Ba Dong and Ba Xi, moving its citizens north to Hanzhong when Zhang Fei attacks him and defeats him, destroys him according to Zhang Fei's bio.

Zhang He returns and is promoted, thus he must not have been destroyed in battle, down to ten men or so, or the civilians he brought were enough to counterbalance the loss. Either way it should be noted that he was promoted despite losing. Something that not even Cao Ren could avoid when he was forced to flee from Zhou Yu in Jing.

Cao Cao then sends Cao Hong, with Cao Xiu, Cao Zhen, and Xin Pi under him to help defend Hanzhong.

For the next year Shu and Wei battle it out.

Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Wu Lan, Lei Tong and others to attack Cao Hong. The Shu army attempts trickery to defeat them but is found out by Cao Xiu. Cao Hong, Cao Xiu, and Cao Zhen then attack and defeat Wu Lan and Lei Tong, leading to the death of Lei Tong, Ren Kui and others.

Zhang Fei and Ma Chao are forced to fall back while Wu Lan is killed by the Di tribes who present his head to Wei.

Liu Bei also sent Chen Shi with 10 battalions to cut off the roads leading out of Hanzhong but Xu Huang attacked and defeated him.

Liu Bei then moves to Yangping to attack Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He.

At first Liu Bei attacked Zhang He, but could not overcome him at first.

Liu Bei then set fire to Zou Ma valley, putting Zhang He in a bad spot.

In response Xiahou Yuan sent half his troops to aid Zhang He. When he did, Huang Zhong beat his drums, made a great noise and attacked, defeating and killing Xiahou Yuan. The reason for Xiahou Yuan's death seems to be his lack of troops, due to his sending half his force to aid Zhang He, which appears to have been the plan as stated in Fa Zheng's bio.

Zhang He then gathered the remaining armies and pulled back to Yangping where he is placed in charge by Guo Huai and the other commanders.

Cao Cao mourns Xiahou Yuan's death and orders Cao Zhen to take command and order Xu Huang to attack Shu's separate division commander Gao Xiang at Yangping. Xu Huang defeats him.

Cao Cao then arrives to provide aid, at which point he attempts to battle with Liu Bei who, according to the biographies of Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Zhang He, Xu Huang, and Cao Zhen.

Cao Cao and Liu Bei stay in a stalemate for two months, something that happened many times between the nations throughout the Three Kingdoms period, during which Cao Cao's army starts to abandon him, including Wang Ping who surrenders and joins Shu.

Cao Cao then packs up his army and returns to Chang'an.

Only Fa Zheng's bio mentions any fighting between Cao Cao and Liu Bei, though it is only in a note at the end. The note makes no mention of where or when the fighting takes place, and while it says the fighting is between Cao Cao and Liu Bei, Cao Cao's own bio states that Liu Bei killed Xiahou Yuan, despite the fact that Huang Zhong killed him. It thus appears that the armies in question could not in fact be Cao Cao and Liu Bei but instead Cao Cao's army and Liu Bei's army.

After Cao Cao leaves, Meng Da and Liu Feng march on Shangyong and force the surrender of Shen Dan. Thus ends the Hanzhong campaign.

Fa Zheng, Ma Chao, Zhang Fei, and Huang Zhong are given ranks for their success, as well as a few other civil officers and Guan Yu (For holding Jing).

Thus we come to the problem I found while researching the battle. And that is the battle of Han River.

The battle itself is not mentioned in any of the relevant Sanguozhi biographies of the people involved, it is however mention in the Zhao Yun Biezhuan as follows.

In 219 AD, Liu Bei and Cao Cao were battling over the control of Hanzhong. Cao Cao had huge supplies of rice stocked up near the North Mountain. Zhao Yun sent his soldiers with Huang Zhong, one of Liu Bei's great generals, to attack Cao Cao's army and to take the rice. Huang Zhong did not return on time. Along with dozens of men, Zhao Yun went out of his camp to look for Huang Zhong. Cao Cao's main force was marching at that time.

Zhao Yun ran into Cao Cao's vanguards. Not soon after the two sides commenced to engage in battle, Cao Cao's main force arrived. The situation became very perilous for Zhao Yun, as he and his men were greatly outnumbered. He decided to attack the frontline of Cao Cao's army. Cao Cao's men were surprised by the attack and momentarily dispersed. However, they soon regrouped and surrounded Zhao Yun. Zhao Yun fought his way out toward his own camp. When he found out his lieutenant general Zhang Zhu was wounded and fell behind, he went back to rescue him.

Cao Cao's army pursued Zhao Yun to his camp. At that time, the Administrator of Mianyang, Zhang Yi, was at Zhao Yun's camp. Zhang Yi thought it best to have all the gates closed in order to defend the camp. However, upon entering the camp, Zhao Yun ordered all the flags to be dropped and hidden, all drums to be silenced, and the gates to be left open completely.

Suspicious of an ambush, Cao Cao's army hastily retreated. Zhao Yun ordered his drummers to beat drums as loudly as they could, and his archers to rain down arrows on Cao Cao's men. The stunned Cao army was completely routed. Trying to escape, Cao Cao's soldiers rushed toward the River of Han, and in confusion and panic many were pushed into the river, and drowned.

The day after the battle, Liu Bei arrived and inspected the battlefield. He exclaimed:

"Zilong (Zhao Yun) has valor through and through." He ordered a celebration, complete with wines and music until late that night, in honor of Zhao Yun. From then on, Liu Bei's army called Zhao Yun General Huwei, "The General with Courage of a Tiger."

The author of the Zhao Yun Biezhuan or Unofficial Biography of Zhao Yun is unknown and the entire bio seems to be made of folk tales or stories told about Zhao Yun collected into one long tale. The following is not uncommon, especially for the people of Shu, as has been seen with the way that Guan Yu and Zhuge Liang have been twisted throughout history. With Guan Yu being worshipped as an unstoppable 'God of War' and Zhuge Liang being praised as an unparalleled genius, able to easily outsmart everyone, who also uses and knows magic.

Oddly enough, the details of the battle, wherein Zhao Yun leads a dozen men to single handedly ride through the Wei army, rescuing the mighty Huang Zhong in the process, seem entirely fictional at first glance. As not only do none of the Sanguozhi's mention it, including Zhao Yun's himself, but at the end of the campaign, Zhao Yun is given no promotion, despite supposedly earning praise and a night long party by Liu Bei himself.

The battle also includes mention of the Empty Fort Strategy, a strategy which seems to have mostly been made up and is only mentioned in fictional accounts of battles such as with Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao and Wen Ping.

Which is another thing I find odd with the story, as, if it were retold in modern days would sound something like Zhao Yun rides out with a handful of men, saves a mighty general who had just earned his greatest fame, attacks and defeats the Russians singlehandly throwing them into confusion, and when they march against him he tricks and defeats them, this time routing the army, which is personally led by Putin himself, killing thousands. And the next day President Trump arrives shakes his hand, grants him an awesome nickname and throws a party for him through the night.

It sounds absolutely ridiculous. Like one of those bragging posts people post online, where they do something everyone cheers, and then Albert Einstein slaps them on the back tells them good job before giving them a million dollars. It sounds that rediculous.

And yet the battle is mentioned by both Pei Songzhi and Rafe de Crespigney for reasons I cannot see.

Again sourced only from Zhao Yun's unofficial biography. The two seem to have taken the approach that while it is not mentioned anywhere, it is also not not mentioned anywhere and thus might have or in fact did happen. Which I find odd.

They are of course only human after all, as I and everyone else is, and perhaps they have made a mistake or perhaps I have.

Either way while some might criticize Chen Shou for any faults he might have had as a person and/or historian, I do not believe any would say the man would forget a battle.Especially a battle of such magnitude and which involves not only Cao Cao, but also Huang Zhong, Zhao Yun, and even Liu Bei at the end.

And yet their is no mention of it anywhere in Chen Shou's works.

Thus I can only conclude that one of four things happened.

Either A

The battle did not happen and is completely made up, as every mention of Cao Cao's involvement only mentions him arriving, Liu Bei refusing to give battle, his army starting to desert, and Cao Cao retreating.

The battle did happen but it was not as important as Zhao Yun's unnoficial bio states, and or the victory and results were exaggerated

The battle did happen but Cao Cao was not there himself and instead only 'Cao Cao's army.'

The battle happened exactly as detailed and Chen Shou just forgot to mention it. Ever.

While I will never know what happened, as it happened 2000 years ago, I must say that without supporting evidence beyond an unofficial biography written by someone, sometime, somewhere, that I must then conclude that it did not happen or at the very least did not happen as described.

Which while taking away from possibly Zhao Yun's greatest military achievement, personally almost single-handedly defeating and routing one of it not the greatest military mind at the time. (On a personal note, it sounds incredibly ridiculous the more times I type it out.) It should not take away from Zhao Yun that much, as the man was still praised by Chen Shou as being firm, courageous and of immense service alongside Huang Zhong. He then compares the two to Guan Ying and Xiahou Ying, either separatly with Huang Zhong being compared to Guan Ying and Zhao Yun being compared to Xiahou Ying, or both being compared to both.

Either way, Chen Shou seems to hold the two in high regard, while he does not hold Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, or Ma Chao in high regard.

In conclusion my thoughts on the Battle of Han River lean towards option A or C, wherein Zhao Yun did in fact attack Cao Cao's forces, securing a minor victory, one not big enough to be mentioned anywhere, and was just a minor thing. Or it did not happen at all.

#Three Kingdoms #Hanzhong Campaign #Zhao Yun

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