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thepastisalreadywritten · 7 months ago

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Fast Facts: Prince Philip

CNN Editorial Research

September 13, 2022

Personal

Birth date: June 10, 1921

Death date: April 9, 2021

Birth place: Corfu, Greece

Birth name: Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark

Father: Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark

Mother: Princess Alice of Battenberg

Marriage: Queen Elizabeth II (20 November 1947- 9 April 2021, his death)

Children: Edward, Earl of Wessex (10 March 1964); Andrew, Duke of York (19 February 1960); Anne, Princess Royal (15 September 1950); King Charles III (14 November 1948)

Military: British Royal Navy, 1939-1953

Other Facts

Full title: HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich, Knight of the Garter, Knight of the Thistle, Order of Merit, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, Companion of the Order of Australia, Companion of The Queen’s Service Order, Privy Counsellor.

His ancestry is not Greek by blood, but English, Russian, German/Prussian, and Danish.

The youngest of five children and the only son.

A third cousin of his wife, the Queen, and like her, he is a great-great-grandchild of Queen Victoria.

His interests were painting, environmental conservation, horses, flying, and sailing.

He has written books on birds, the environment, carriage driving, and other subjects.

After earning his RAF wings in 1953, Philip logged more than 5,900 hours in 59 different types of aircraft over the next 44 years.

Timeline

1922 - The overthrow of his brother, King Constantine I of Greece, causes Prince Andrew, Princess Alice and their five children to leave Greece and settle in Paris.

1930 - After his parents’ separation in 1930, Philip is sent to England and raised there by his maternal grandmother and uncle.

1940 - Serves as a midshipman, his first posting, on the HMS Ramillies of the Mediterranean Fleet.

1942 - Becomes a sub-lieutenant in the British Royal Navy.

July 1942 - Promoted to first lieutenant and executive officer aboard the HMS Wallace, a destroyer, and participates in the Allied landings in Sicily during World War II.

February 1947 - Becomes a naturalized British citizen and a commoner, using the surname Mountbatten, an English translation of his mother’s maiden name.

Prior to taking the British oath of citizenship, being sixth in line to the throne of Greece, he renounces all claims to titles in both Greece and Denmark.

July 10, 1947 - King George VI and Queen Elizabeth announce Elizabeth’s engagement to Philip.

November 19, 1947 - Invested as a Knight of the Order of the Garter and is given the titles of Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich.

November 20, 1947 - Marries Princess Elizabeth at Westminster Abbey.

His name changes from Lt. Philip Mountbatten to His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

1948 - Appointed as a personal aide-de-camp to his father-in-law, King George VI.

1950 - Promoted to lieutenant-commander.

June 1952 - Promoted to commander, but his naval career ends with the death of King George VI and his wife’s ascension to the throne on February 6.

1953 - Appointed admiral of the fleet, field marshal of the Army and marshal of the Royal Air Force.

Designated regent presumptive by an act of parliament.

In the event of the Queen’s death or incapacitation, Philip would rule as regent for Prince Charles.

1956 - Launches the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award, which rewards children for achievements in personal development and community involvement.

1956-1970 - Serves as president of the Royal Yachting Association.

1957 - By Queen’s decree, is “granted style and titular dignity of a Prince of the United Kingdom.”

He is invested as a Grand Master and First or Principal Knight of the Order of the British Empire.

This decree restores his birth title of prince.

1961-1981 - First president of the World Wildlife Fund - UK.

1964-1986 - President of the International Equestrian Federation.

June 1968 - Awarded the Order of the Merit by the Queen, an honor bestowed to those of “great achievement in the fields of the arts, learning, literature, and science.”

Restricted to 24 members.

1975-1980 - Serves as president of the Royal Yachting Association for the second time.

1981-1996 - Serves as president of World Wildlife Fund International.

1996-present - President Emeritus of the World Wildlife Fund.

April 9, 2005 - Philip and the Queen are the only senior members of the royal family who do not attend Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles’ civil wedding ceremony. They do attend the dedication service.

November 10, 2005 - His 58th wedding anniversary makes him the longest-serving British consort, outliving the wife of King George III, Queen Charlotte.

October 23, 2006 - Inspects British forces in southern Iraq.

May 3-8, 2007 - Philip and the Queen visit the United States for the 400th anniversary of America’s first British settlement in Jamestown in 1607.

They attend the Kentucky Derby on May 5 and a state dinner at the White House on May 7.

April 1, 2009 - Along with the Queen, meets US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at Buckingham Palace.

June 10, 2011 - His 90th birthday makes him the oldest-serving royal consort.

December 23-27, 2011 - Undergoes treatment for a blocked coronary artery at Papworth Hospital.

June 4-9, 2012 - hospitalized for a bladder infection at King Edward VII Hospital in London.

He misses part of the Jubilee celebrations commemorating the Queen’s 60th anniversary on the throne.

August 15-20, 2012 - Treated at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary for a bladder infection.

June 7-17, 2013 - A patient in London Clinic having been admitted for abdominal pain, he has exploratory surgery the following day and is released following his recuperation.

January 26, 2015 - Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott awards that nation’s top honor, Knight of the Order of Australia, to Philip for his life of service throughout the Queen’s reign.

May 4, 2017 - Buckingham Palace announces that Philip will step down from public life after August 2017.

August 2, 2017 - Attends a parade of the Royal Marines at Buckingham Palace, carrying out the last of his thousands of public appearances before stepping back from public life.

April 3, 2018 - Philip is admitted to a London hospital to undergo planned surgery on his hip.

January 17, 2019 - Involved in a traffic accident when his car collides with another vehicle carrying two women, aged 28 and 45, as well as a nine-month-old baby boy.

In a statement the following day, a spokesperson said the Duke of Edinburgh had a “precautionary check-up on doctor’s advice that confirmed Philip had no injuries of concern.”

It is later announced that he will not face any charges over the accident.

February 9, 2019 - Buckingham Palace announces that Philip has surrendered his driving license following his January traffic accident that left a female driver injured.

December 20, 2019 - Philip is admitted to the hospital over a “pre-existing” condition, according to a statement from Buckingham Palace.

He leaves the hospital on December 24.

April 20, 2020 - Philip makes a rare public statement thanking those working across the UK to help tackle the coronavirus pandemic.

February 16, 2021 - Philip is taken to a London hospital after feeling unwell, according to a statement from Buckingham Palace.

On March 3, he undergoes a medical procedure for a heart condition.

March 16, 2021 - Philip leaves King Edward VII’s Hospital where he was recovering and returns to Windsor Castle, according to a statement from Buckingham Palace.

April 9, 2021 - Dies at the age of 99.

September 8, 2022 - Queen Elizabeth II dies, and Charles ascends to the throne.

🖤🤍🖤

#Prince Philip #Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark #Duke of Edinburgh #British Royal Family #royal consort #oldest-serving royal consort #Queen Elizabeth II

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greekroyalfamily · 3 years ago

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Happy 82 birth day to HRH Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark, who is born 7 January 1939 he is the author of several historical books and biographies of Greek and other European figures, in addition to working as a contributing writer to Architectural Digest. He is the first cousin of the late Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Queen Elizabeth II.

He was born in Rome to Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark (youngest son of King George I of Greece) and his second wife Princess Françoise d'Orléans of France (daughter of the Orleanist claimant to the defunct French throne, Prince Jean d'Orléans, Duke of Guise). His godparents were his two first cousins Queen Helen, Queen Mother of Romania and King George II of Greece (eldest children of his paternal uncle King Constantine I).

His father died when he was a year old, leaving Michael an only child, and his mother died in 1953 when he was 14, leaving him an orphan. Although a Greek prince, like many members of his dynasty he grew up largely abroad, sometimes in exile. As Europe marched into World War II, the infant Michael's family scattered: his mother's father, the Duke of Guise, left his residence of exile in Brussels, the Manoir d'Anjou, for their property at Larache, Morocco in March 1939 where he died on 24 August, the Manoir having become the Belgian headquarters for Germany's invading Wehrmacht. Less than six months after her father's death, Françoise was widowed by the death of Prince Christopher, following an abscess of the lung, in Athens in January. She took Michael to join her mother's household in Larache where her elder sister, Princess Isabelle Murat and her family, had also taken refuge from Europe. Their brother, Henri, Count of Paris, who succeeded his own father as head of the Orleanist monarchist movement, sent for his wife and children to come from their relatives in Brazil, and by the spring of 1941 they too were settled in Spanish Morocco (still being banned from the French sector), near Casablanca, in a small house without electricity that was named Oued Akreech in the town of Rabat. Michael lived his early childhood years on the African continent in the midst of his mother's family. Later, they also spent time in Spain.

By the time Michael's mother died in Paris in early 1953, France had repealed the law of banishment against its former ruling families (24 June 1950) and the Comte de Paris had taken up residence in the capital. When, in August 1953, Monseigneur moved the Comtesse and their children to a new estate, the Manoir du Cœur Volant in Louveciennes, Michael joined the couple and their four eldest children in the main building, while the seven younger children and their governesses occupied an annex given the name la maison de Blanche Neige ("Snow White's cottage"). Henceforth, Michael was given into the care of his uncle and raised with his Orléans cousins.

Michael later acknowledged that his uncle had been a poor manager of his ward's assets, but maintained that there was no malfeasance or attempt to conceal losses. He would also comment that, allegations to the contrary notwithstanding, his uncle's notorious relationship with his assistant Monique Friesz in his later years, during which substantial assets were presumed to have been consumed or diverted, did not reflect manipulation on her part so much as the desire of the Comte de Paris for companionship when he chose to isolate himself from the society, culture and luxury to which he had previously been accustomed.

After the death of HRH Prince Philip Duke of Edinburg née Prince of Greece and Denmark last year Prince Michael is the last surviving grandchild of George I of Greece and one of the 2 last surviving great-grandchildren of Christian IX of Denmark (the other is his second cousin Christian Castenskiold, son of Princess Dagmar of Denmark).

Michael studied political science in Paris.

He then re-patriated to Greece for military duty,[6] serving a term in the Hellenic Coast Guard, discharged with the rank of Sub-lieutenant.

He inherited from his mother a half-interest in the domain of the Nouvion-en-Thiérache, once the seat of the Dukes of Guise, from whom the Bourbon-Orléans inherited the vast property, which included a grand château and a petit château, in Aisne. The Comte de Paris owned the other half of the Nouvion. He and Michael sold the grand château in 1980 to the city of Roubaix, which subsequently became a conference center for environmental studies, while the petit château was sold in 1986 to the local government of Nouvion.

Having watched his mother observe a family tradition by igniting what he called a kind of auto-da-fé in which she burned his late father's papers and memorabilia following the sale of his villa in Rome after the war, Prince Michael grew up to become a biographer and historian. He has written several biographies about members of ruling dynasties, those about contemporaries often including accounts and anecdotes attributed to his royal relatives.

He has also written novels about historical royalty, distinguished for meticulous detail.

In English:

Sultana (1983, reprinted several times)

Louis XIV, the other side of the sun (1984)

Rani, La femme sacrée, a novelised but well documented biography of the Rani of Jhansi (French: 1984 ; English: 2013)

The royal house of Greece (1988), illustrated album

Living with ghosts (1995)

The Empress of Farewells: the story of Charlotte, Empress of Mexico (1998)

The White Night of St. Petersburg (2000), historical novel

Jewels of the Tsars (2006), illustrated album

Le Rajah Bourbon (2007)

Voices of light (2012), illustrated by Marina Karella

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Michael married Marina Karella (b. 17 July 1940) on 7 February 1965 in Athens, daughter of Theodore Karella and Ellie Chalikiopoulos. Marina is a Greek artist and sculptor of international reputation whose work has often been exhibited in Athens, Paris and New York. The marriage was held at the Royal Palace in Athens. This was a non-dynastic marriage, which obtained the legally required authorisation of King Constantine II only after Michael renounced all rights of succession to the Greek throne for himself and his descendants.

The couple has two daughters:

Princess Alexandra Elli Francisca Maria of Greece (born 15 October 1968), married to Nicolas Mirzayantz on 27 June 1998. They have two sons: Tigran (16 August 2000) and Darius (April 2002).

Princess Olga of Greece (born 17 November 1971), married in 2008 to her second cousin Prince Aimone of Savoy, 6th Duke of Aosta, a member of the former royal family of Italy.Aimone and Olga are the parents of two sons, Prince Umberto (b. 7 March 2009) and Prince Amedeo (b. 2011), and of a daughter, Princess Isabella (b 2012)

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Χρόνια πολλά για τα 82 γενέθλια στην ΑΒΥ Πρίγκιπα Μιχαήλ της Ελλάδας και της Δανίας, ο οποίος γεννήθηκε στις 7 Ιανουαρίου 1939. Είναι συγγραφέας πολλών ιστορικών βιβλίων και βιογραφιών Ελλήνων και άλλων ευρωπαϊκών προσωπικοτήτων, εκτός από το ότι εργάζεται ως συγγραφέας στο Architectural Digest. Είναι ο πρώτος ξάδερφος του αείμνηστου πρίγκιπα Φιλίππου, δούκα του Εδιμβούργου, σύζυγος της βασίλισσας Ελισάβετ Β'.

Γεννήθηκε στη Ρώμη από τον Πρίγκιπα Χριστόφορο της Ελλάδας και της Δανίας (νεότερος γιος του Βασιλιά Γεωργίου Α΄ της Ελλάδας) και τη δεύτερη σύζυγό του, Πριγκίπισσα Φραγκισκης της Ορλεάνης της Γαλλίας (κόρη του Ορλεανιστή που διεκδικεί τον έκπτωτο γαλλικό θρόνο, πρίγκιπα Ζαν ντ' Ορλεάνη), Δούκισσα του Γκίζ. Νονοί του ήταν τα δύο πρώτα του ξαδέρφια Βασίλισσα Ελένη, Βασίλισσα Μητέρα της Ρουμανίας και ο Βασιλιάς Γεώργιος Β' της Ελλάδας (μεγαλύτερα παιδιά του θείου του από τον πατέρα του, Βασιλιά Κωνσταντίνου Α').

Ο πατέρας του πέθανε όταν ήταν ενός έτους, αφήνοντας τον Μιχαήλ μοναχοπαίδι και η μητέρα του πέθανε το 1953 όταν ήταν 14 ετών, αφήνοντάς τον ορφανό. Αν και Έλληνας πρίγκιπας, όπως και πολλά μέλη της ��υναστείας του, μεγάλωσε σε μεγάλο βαθμό στο εξωτ��ρικό, μερικές φορές στην εξορία. Καθώς η Ευρώπη βάδιζε στον Β' Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, η οικογένεια του βρέφους Μιχαήλ διασκορπίστηκε: ο πατέρας της μητέρας του, ο δούκας του Γκιζ, άφησε την κατοικία του στις Βρυξέλλες, το Manoir d'Anjou, για την περιουσία τους στο Larache του Μαρόκου τον Μάρτιο του 1939 όπου πέθανε. στις 24 Αυγούστου, το Manoir είχε γίνει το βελγικό αρχηγείο της γερμανικής εισβολής Βέρμαχτ. Λιγότερο από έξι μήνες μετά το θάνατο του πατέρα της, η Φρανσουάζ έμεινε χήρα από τον θάνατο του πρίγκιπα Χριστόφορου, μετά από ένα απόστημα στον πνεύμονα, στην Αθήνα τον Ιανουάριο. Πήρε τον Μιχαήλ για να πάει στο σπίτι της μητέρας της στο Larache, όπου η μεγαλύτερη αδερφή της, πριγκίπισσα Isabelle Murat και η οικογένειά της, είχαν επίσης καταφύγει από την Ευρώπη. Ο αδερφός τους, Henri, κόμης του Παρισιού, ο οποίος διαδέχθηκε τον πατέρα του ως επικεφαλής του ορλεανιστικού μοναρχικού κινήματος, έστειλε τη γυναίκα και τα παιδιά του να έρθουν από τους συγγενείς τους στη Βραζιλία, και την άνοιξη του 1941 εγκαταστάθηκαν επίσης στο ισπανικό Μαρόκο ( εξακολουθεί να είναι απαγορευμένο από τον γαλλικό τομέα), κοντά στην Καζαμπλάνκα, σε ένα μικρό σπίτι χωρίς ηλεκτρικό ρεύμα που ονομαζόταν Oued Akreech στην πόλη Ραμπάτ. Ο Μιχάηλ έζησε τα πρώτα παιδικά του χρόνια στην αφρικανική ήπειρο στην οικογένεια της μητέρας του. Αργότερα πέρασαν χρόνο και στην Ισπανία.

Μέχρι τη στιγμή που η μητέρα του Μιχαήλ πέθανε στο Παρίσι στις αρχές του 1953, η Γαλλία είχε καταργήσει τον νόμο της εξορίας κατά των πρώην κυρίαρχων οικογενειών της (24 Ιουνίου 1950) και ο Κομης των Παρισιων είχε εγκατασταθεί στην πρωτεύουσα. Όταν, τον Αύγουστο του 1953, ο Monseigneur μετέφερε την Κόμισσα και τα παιδιά τους σε ένα νέο κτήμα, το Manoir du Cœur Volant στη Louveciennes, ο Mιχαηλ ενώθηκε με το ζευγάρι και τα τέσσερα μεγαλύτερα παιδιά τους στο κεντρικό κτίριο, ενώ τα επτά μικρότερα παιδιά και οι γκουβερνάντες τους κατέλαβαν ένα παράρτημα με το όνομα la maison de Blanche Neige («Το εξοχικό της Χιονάτης»). Στο εξής, ο Μιχαήλ δόθηκε στη φροντίδα του θείου του και μεγάλωσε με τα ξαδέρφια του από την Ορλεάνη.

Ο Μιχάηλ αναγνώρισε αργότερα ότι ο θείος του ήταν κακός διαχειριστής των περιουσιακών στοιχείων του, αλλά υποστήριξε ότι δεν υπήρξε καμία παραβίαση ή προσπάθεια απόκρυψης ζημιών. Θα σχολίαζε επίσης ότι, παρά τους ισχυρισμούς περί του αντιθέτου, η περιβόητη σχέση του θείου του με τη βοηθό του Monique Friesz στα τελευταία του χρόνια, κατά τα οποία θεωρήθηκε ότι είχαν καταναλωθεί ή εκτραπεί σημαντικά περιουσιακά στοιχεία, δεν αντικατόπτριζε τη χειραγώγηση από την πλευρά της. επιθυμία του Comte de Paris για συντροφιά όταν επέλεξε να απομονωθεί από την κοινωνία, τον πολιτισμό και την πολυτέλεια που είχε συνηθίσει στο παρελθόν.

Μετά τον θάνατο της ΑΒΥ Πρίγκιπα Φίλιππου Δούκα του Εδιμβούργου, πρώην ΑΒΥ Πρίγκιπα της Ελλαδας και Δανίας πέρυσι, ο Πρίγκιπας Μιχαήλ είναι το τελευταίο επιζών εγγόνι του Γεωργίου Α΄ της Ελλάδας και ένα από τα 2 τελευταία δισέγγονα του Χριστιανού Θ΄ της Δανίας (το άλλο είναι δικό του δεύτερος ξάδερφος Christian Castenskiold, γιος της πριγκίπισσας Dagmar της Δανίας).

Ο Μιχαήλ σπούδασε πολιτικές επιστήμες στο Παρίσι.

Στη συνέχεια επαναπατρίστηκε στην Ελλάδα για στρατιωτική θητεία υπηρετώντας μια θητεία στο Λιμενικό Σώμα Ελληνικής Ακτοφυλακής, απολυόμενος με τον βαθμό του Υπαστυνόμου.

Κληρονόμησε από τη μητέρα του το μισό του Nouvion-en-Thiérache, κάποτε έδρα των Δούκων του Guise, από τους οποίους οι Bourbon-Orleans κληρονόμησαν την τεράστια περιουσία, που περιελάμβανε ένα μεγάλο πύργο και ένα μικρό πύργο, στην Aisne. Ο Comte de Paris κατείχε το άλλο μισό του Nouvion. Αυτός και ο Michael πούλησαν το μεγάλο πύργο το 1980 στην πόλη Roubaix, που στη συνέχεια έγινε συνεδριακό κέντρο περιβαλλοντικών μελετών, ενώ το petit château πουλήθηκε το 1986 στην τοπική κυβέρνηση του Nouvion.

Έχοντας παρακολουθήσει τη μητέρα του να τηρεί μια οικογενειακή παράδοση πυροδοτώντας αυτό που ονόμασε ένα είδος auto-da-fé στο οποίο έκαιγε τα χαρτιά και τα αναμνηστικά του αείμνηστου πατέρα του μετά την πώληση της βίλας του στη Ρώμη μετά τον πόλεμο, ο Πρίγκιπας Μάικλ μεγάλωσε και έγινε βιογράφος και ιστορικός. Έχει γράψει αρκετές βιογραφίες για μέλη κυρίαρχων δυναστειών, αυτές για συγχρόνους του, που συχνά περιλαμβάνουν αφηγήσεις και ανέκδοτα που αποδίδονται στους βασιλικούς συγγενείς του.

Έχει γράψει επίσης μυθιστορήματα για ιστορικά δικαιώματα, που διακρίνονται για τη σχολαστική λεπτομέρεια.

Στα Αγγλικά:

Sultana (1983, ανατυπώθηκε πολλές φορές)

Louis XIV, η άλλη πλευρά του ήλιου (1984)

Rani, La femme sacrée, μια μυθιστορηματική αλλά καλά τεκμηριωμένη βιογραφία του Rani of Jhansi (Γαλλικά: 1984 · Αγγλικά: 2013)

Ο βασιλικός οίκος της Ελλάδας (1988), εικονογραφημένο άλμπουμ

Ζώντας με φα��τάσματα το 1995)

Η αυτοκράτειρα των αποχαιρετιστηρίων: η ιστορία της Σάρλοτ, αυτοκράτειρας του Μεξικού (1998)

Η Λευκή Νύχτα της Αγίας Πετρούπολης (2000), ιστορικό μυθιστόρημα

Τα κοσμήματα των Τσάρων (2006), εικονογραφημένο άλμπουμ

Le Rajah Bourbon (2007)

Φωνές φωτός (2012), εικονογράφηση Μαρίνας Καρέλλα

(9ο κολάζ)

Ο Μιχαήλ παντρεύτηκε τη Μαρίνα Καρέλλα (γενν. 17 Ιουλίου 1940) στις 7 Φεβρουαρίου 1965 στην Αθήνα, κόρη του Θοδωρή Καρέλλα και της Έλλης Χαλικιοπούλου. Η Μαρίνα είναι μια Ελληνίδα καλλιτέχνις και γλύπτρια διεθνούς φήμης, έργα της οποίας έχουν εκτεθεί συχνά σε Αθήνα, Παρίσι και Νέα Υόρκη. Ο γάμος τελέστηκε στο Βασιλικό Παλάτι στην Αθήνα. Αυτός ήταν ένας μη δυναστικός γάμος, ο οποίος έλαβε τη νομικά απαιτούμενη άδεια του βασιλιά Κωνσταντίνου Β' μόνο αφού ο Μιχαήλ παραιτήθηκε από όλα τα δικαιώματα διαδοχής στον ελληνικό θρόνο για τον ίδιο και τους απογόνους του.

Το ζευγάρι έχει δύο κόρες:

Η πριγκίπισσα Αλεξάνδρα της Ελλάδας (γεν. 15 Οκτωβρίου 1968), παντρεύτηκε τον Nicolas Mirzayantz στις 27 Ιουνίου 1998. Έχουν δύο γιους: τον Tigran (16 Αυγούστου 2000) και τον Darius (Απρίλιος 2002).

Η πριγκίπισσα Όλγα της Ελλάδας (γεννημένη στις 17 Νοεμβρίου 1971), παντρεύτηκε το 2008 με τον δεύτερο ξάδερφό της Πρίγκιπα Αιμόνε της Σαβοΐας, 6ο Δούκα της Αόστα, μέλος της πρώην βασιλικής οικογένειας της Ιταλίας. Ο Αϊμονε και η Όλγα είναι γονείς δύο γιων, του Πρίγκιπα Ουμπέρτο (γεν. 7 Μαρτίου 2009) του πρίγκιπα Αμεντέο (γεν. 2011), και μιας κόρης την πριγκίπισσα Ισαβέλλα (γενν. 2012).

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mia-soufi2018 · 5 years ago

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Royal heartbreak: Queen and Philip ‘fear they will never see Archie again’

ROYAL / Published: Mon, July 6, 2020

QUEEN ELIZABETH II and Prince Philip are worried that they may never see their youngest great-grandchild, Archie, again, according to royal sources.

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thebritishmonarchycouk · 4 years ago

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On This Day In Royal History . 8 August 1988 . Princess Beatrice of York was born . . ◼ Beatrice was born on 8 August 1988, at 8:18 pm at the Portland Hospital, the first child of the Duke & Duchess of York, & fifth grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II & Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. . ◼ She was baptised in the Chapel Royal at St James’s Palace on 20 December 1988, her godparents being: Viscount Linley (her father’s cousin); the Duchess of Roxburghe (now Lady Jane Dawnay); Peter Palumbo The Hon Mrs John Greenall; & Mrs Henry Cotterell. . ◼ She was named Beatrice after Queen Victoria’s youngest daughter Princess Beatrice; Elizabeth after her paternal grandmother the Queen; & Mary after Queen Mary & her maternal grandmother’s second name. Her name, an unexpected choice, was not announced until almost two weeks after her birth. . ◼ As a male-line grandchild of the Sovereign, Beatrice was styled Her Royal Highness with the title Princess Beatrice of York. . . . #ThisDayIn1988 #TheYear1988 #PrincessBeatrice #Otd #OnThisDay #OnThisDayInHistory #PrincessBeatriceofYork #Princess #HerRoyalHighness #BritishMonarchy #Monarchy #Royalty #RoyalFamily #BritishRoyals #portlandhospital #BritishRoyalFamily #Britishroyalty #HouseofWindsor ##D8Aug #HappyBirthday #herroyalhighness #Royal #Royals #Monarchy #Birthday #Picoftheday #photooftheday (at United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/CDn3JUADUi_/?igshid=lqpo7945gte1

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schoolcalidity · 6 years ago

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Henri II un anglo franco normardo que comienza una saga que explica las capas tectónicas de la historia de la dominación anglo-germana católica romana en Hispania/ Al- Andalus/ Sefarad. Se ve cómo entre ellos se casan, se matan, se reproducen y se pasan los territorios como pelotas. Guerras y competencias pero siempre entre las familias.

House of Plantagenet

Henry II

(1154–1189) is considered by some to be the first Plantagenet king of England.

Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, adopted Plantagenet as his family name in the 15th century. Plantegenest (or Plante Genest) had been a 12th-century nickname for his ancestor Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy. One of many popular theories suggests the common broom, planta genista in medieval Latin, as the source of the nickname.[1]

Los Angenvins

Angevin kings of England //// Angevin Empire

Angevin is French for "from Anjou". The three Angevin kings were Henry II, Richard I and John. "Angevin" can also refer to the period of history in which they reigned. Many historians identify the Angevins as a distinct English royal house. "Angevin" is also used in reference to any sovereign or government derived from Anjou. As a noun, it refers to any native of Anjou or an Angevin ruler, and specifically to other counts and dukes of Anjou, including the ancestors of the three kings who formed the English royal house; their cousins, who held the crown of Jerusalem; and to unrelated members of the French royal family who were later granted the titles and formed different dynasties, such as the Capetian House of Anjou and the Valois House of Anjou.[4] Consequently, there is disagreement between those who consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet monarch, and those who do not distinguish between Angevins and Plantagenets and therefore consider the first Plantagenet to be Henry II.[5][6][7][8]

Angevin zenith

Of Henry's siblings, William and Geoffrey died unmarried and childless, but the tempestuous marriage of Henry and Eleanor, who already had two daughters (Marie and Alix) through her first marriage to King Louis, produced eight children in thirteen years:[22]

William IX, Count of Poitiers (1153–1156)

Henry the Young King (1155–1183)

Matilda, Duchess of Saxony (1156–1189)—married Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria. The eldest amongst the couple's children, Richenza, is probably the daughter English chroniclers call Matilda, who was left in Normandy with her grandparents in 1185 and married firstly to Geoffrey, count of Perche, and secondly to Enguerrand de Coucy. The eldest son, Henry, became duke of Saxony and count palatine of the Rhine. His brother Otto was nominated by his uncle Richard I as earl of York and count of Poitiers before being elected emperor in opposition to the Hohenstaufen candidate. Otto was crowned in Rome but he was later excommunicated and declared deposed. Childless, Otto lost power following the defeat of the Welf and Angevin forces at the Battle of Bouvines. The youngest child, William of Winchester married Helena daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark. Their only son, also called Otto, was the sole male heir of his uncle Henry. The ducal house of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the British royal house of Windsor both descend from him.[23]

Richard I, King of England (1157–1199). He had no legitimate offspring, but is thought to have had two illegitimate sons, of whom little is known, called Fulk and Phillip, Lord of Cognac.[24]

Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (1158–1186)—married Constance daughter of Duke Conan of Brittany and became duke of Brittany by right of his wife. The couple's son Arthur was a competitor to John for the Angevin succession.[25]

Eleanor, Queen of Castile (1161–1214)—married King Alfonso VIII of Castile. The couple's children included King Henry of Castile and four queen consorts, Berengaria, Queen of Leon, Urraca, Queen of Portugal, Blanche, Queen of France and Eleanor, Queen of Aragon.[26]

Joan, Queen of Sicily (1165–1199)—married firstly King William II of Sicily and secondly Count Raymond VI of Toulouse. Her children included Raymond VII of Toulouse.[27]

John, King of England (1166–1216)

La historia se perpetua en varias generaciones y matrimonios que dejan claro que el norte de la peninsula lógicamente por mar se corresponde con Inglaterra y Francia por igual.

Henry III had nine children:[59]

Edward I (1239–1307)

Margaret of England (1240–1275). Her three children predeceased her husband, Alexander III of Scotland; consequently, the crown of Scotland became vacant on the death of their only grandchild, Margaret, Maid of Norway in 1290.[60]

Beatrice, Countess of Richmond (1242–1275). She initially married John de Montfort of Dreux, and later married John II, Duke of Brittany.

Edmund Crouchback (1245–1296), who was granted the titles and estates of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and the earldom of Leicester after Henry defeated Montfort in the Second Barons' War. Henry later granted Edmund the earldoms of Lancaster and Ferrers. From 1276, through his wife, Edmund was Count of Champagne and Brie.[61] Later Lancastrians would attempt to use Henry IV's maternal descent from Edmund to legitimise his claim to the throne, spuriously claiming that Edmund was the eldest son of Henry III but had not become king due to deformity.[62] Through his second marriage to Blanche, the widow of Henry I of Navarre, Edmund was at the centre of European aristocracy. Blanche's daughter, Joan, was queen regnant of Navarre and queen consort of France through her marriage to Philip IV. Edmund's son Thomas became the most powerful nobleman in England, adding to his inheritance the earldoms of Lincoln and Salisbury through his marriage to the heiress of Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln.[63]

Four others who died as children: Richard (1247–1256), John (1250–1256), William (c. 1251/1252–1256), Katherine (c. 1252/3–1257) and Henry (no recorded dates).

Henry was bankrupted by his military expenditure and general extravagance. The pope offered Henry's brother Richard the Kingdom of Sicily, but the military cost of displacing the incumbent Emperor Frederick was prohibitive. Matthew Paris wrote that Richard stated: "You might as well say, 'I make you a present of the moon – step up to the sky and take it down'." Instead, Henry purchased the kingdom for his son Edmund, which angered many powerful barons. The barons led by Henry's brother-in-law Simon de Montfort forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, under which his debts were paid in exchange for substantial reforms. In France, with the Treaty of Paris, Henry formally surrendered the territory of his Angevin ancestors to Louis IX of France, receiving in return the title duke of Aquitaine and the territory of Gascony as a vassal of the French king.[43]

Death of Simon de Montfort at the

Battle of Evesham

Disagreements between the barons and the king intensified. The barons, under Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, captured most of southeast England in the Second Barons' War. At the Battle of Lewesin 1264, Henry and Prince Edward were defeated and taken prisoner. De Montfort assembled the Great Parliament, recognized as the first Parliament because it was the first time the cities and boroughs had sent representatives.[64] Edward escaped, raised an army and defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.[65] Savage retribution was inflicted upon the rebels, and authority restored to Henry. With the realm now peaceful, Edward left England to join Louis IX on the Ninth Crusade; he was one of the last crusaders. Louis died before Edward's arrival, but Edward decided to continue. The result was disappointing; Edward's small force only enabled him to capture Acre and launch a handful of raids. After surviving an assassination attempt, Edward left for Sicily later in the year, never to participate in a crusade again. When Henry III died, Edward acceded to the throne; the barons swore allegiance to him even though he did not return for two years.[65]

Constitutional change and the reform of feudalism

Edward I married Eleanor of Castile, daughter of King Ferdinand of Castile, a great grandson of Henry II through his second daughter Eleanor in 1254. Edward and Eleanor had sixteen children; five daughters survived to adulthood, but only one son survived Edward:[66]

Eleanor, Countess of Bar (1264/69−1298)

Three daughters (Joan, Alice, and Juliana/Katherine) and two sons (John and Henry) born between 1265 and 1271. They died between 1265 and 1274 with little historical trace.

Joan, Countess of Gloucester (1272–1307)

Alphonso, Earl of Chester (1273–1284)

Margaret, Duchess of Brabant (1275–1333)

Mary of Woodstock (1278–1332), who became a nun

Isabella (1279–1279)

Elizabeth, firstly Countess of Holland and on widowhood, secondly Countess of Hereford (1282–1316). Among her eleven children were the earls of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton, and the countesses of Ormond and Devon.

Edward II

Two other daughters (Beatrice and Blanche), who died as children.

Following Eleanor's death in 1290, Edward married Margaret of France, daughter of Philip III of France, in 1299. Edward and Margaret had two sons, who both lived to adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child:[67]

Thomas (1300–1338), whose daughter Margaret inherited his estates. Margaret's grandson, Thomas Mowbray, was the first duke of Norfolk, but Richard II exiled him and stripped him of his titles.

Edmund, Earl of Kent (1301 to 1330). Edmund's loyalty to his half-brother, Edward II, resulted in his execution by order of the rebel Mortimer and his lover, Edward's queen, Isabella. His daughter, Joan, inherited his estates and married her own cousin, Edward the Black Prince; together, they had Richard, who later became the English king.

Eleanor (1306–1311).

Más adelante .... Fighting in the Hundred Years' War spilled from the French and Plantagenet lands into surrounding realms, including the dynastic conflict in Castile between Peter of Castile and Henry II of Castile. The Black Prince allied himself with Peter, defeating Henry at the Battle of Nájera. Edward and Peter fell out when Peter was unable to reimburse Edward's military expenses leaving him bankrupt.[75] The Plantagenets continued to interfere, and John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, the Black Prince's brother, married Peter's daughter Constance, claiming the Crown of Castile in her name. He invaded with an army of 5000 men. Fighting was inconclusive before Gaunt agreed a treaty with King Juan of Castile.[76] Terms of the treaty included the marriage of John of Gaunt's daughter Katherine to Juan's son, Enrique.[77]

entonces... John of Gaunt (1340–1399), after Blanche's death in 1369, John married Constance of Castile, trying unsuccessfully to obtain the throne of Castile. The marriage produced two children:Catherine of Lancaster (1372–1418)—married Henry III of Castile, with whom she was a great-grandmother of Catherine of Aragon, first wife of Henry VIII of England.John (1374–1375)Constance died in 1394, after which John married Katherine Swynford on 13 January 1396. Their four children were born before they married. The pope legitimised them in 1396, as did Richard II by charter, on the condition that their children could not ascend the throne:John (c. 1371/1372–1410)—grandfather of Margaret Beaufort, Henry VII's mother.Henry (1375–1447)Thomas (1377–1427)Joan (1379–1440)—Joan's son, Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and her grandson, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, were leading supporters of the House of York.Edmund (1341–1402)—founder of the House of York. He had three children with Isabella of Castile:Edward (1373–1415)—killed at the Battle of Agincourt.Constance (1374–1416)Richard—(1375–1415)Blanche (1342)—died as a child.Mary of Waltham (1344–1362)—married John V, Duke of Brittany. No issue.Margaret (1346–1361)—married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. No issue.Joan (b. 1351)Thomas (1355–1397)—murdered or executed for treason by order of Richard II; his daughter, Anne, married Edmund Stafford.Edward's long reign had forged a new national identity, reinforced by Middle English beginning to establish itself as the spoken and written language of government. As a result, he is considered by many historians in cultural respects the first 'English' post-conquest ruler.[74]

No paraban jamás! sigue la tradición:

House of York

Edward III made his fourth son Edmund the first duke of York in 1362. Edmund was married to Isabella, a daughter of King Peter of Castile and María de Padilla and the sister of Constance of Castile, who was the second wife of Edmund's brother John of Gaunt. Both of Edmund's sons were killed in 1415.

María de Padilla (c. 1334 [1]–Seville, July 1361) was the mistress of King Peter of Castile.

María Díaz de Padilla

Arms of María de Padilla

Born1334

Died August 1361 (aged 26–27)

Juan García de Padilla 1st Lord of Villagera and María González de Henestrosa

Religion

Roman Catholicism

She was a Castilian noblewoman, daughter of Juan García de Padilla (died between 1348 and 1351) and his wife María González de Henestrosa[2] (died after September 1356). Her maternal uncle was Juan Fernández de Henestrosa, the King's favorite between 1354 and 1359[3] after Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque fell out of favor, and the mediator in an apparent pardon for Fadrique Alfonso, King Peter's half-brother. She was also the sister of Diego García de Padilla, Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava.[3]María’s family, members of the regional nobility,[4] originally came from the area of Padilla de Abajo, near Castrojeriz in the province of Burgos.

She is described in the chronicles of her time as very beautiful, intelligent, and small of body.[5]

Real Monasterio de Santa Clara en Astudillo (Palencia) founded by María de Padilla

Relationship with King Peter of Castile

King Peter met María in the summer of 1352 during an expedition to Asturias to battle his rebellious half-brother Henry. It was probably her maternal uncle, Juan Fernández de Henestrosa, who introduced them, as mentioned in the chronicle of King Peter’s reign written by Pero López de Ayala.[6] At that time, María was being raised at the house of Isabel de Meneses, wife of Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque, a powerful nobleman. They became lovers and their relationship lasted until her death despite the King’s other marriages and affairs. The Padillas were raised to various offices and dignities. Her uncle, Henestrosa, became Alcalde de los fidalgos.[7]

In the summer of 1353, under coercion from family and the main court favorite, Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque, Peter wed Blanche of Bourbon, the first cousin of King John II of France. Peter abandoned Blanche within three days when he learned that she had an affair with his bastard brother Fadrique Alfonso en route to Spain, and that the dowry was not coming.

Children

María and Peter had three daughters: Beatrice (born 1354), Constance (1354–1394), and Isabella (1355–1392), and a son, Alfonso, crown-prince of Castile (1359 - October 19, 1362).

Two of their daughters were married to sons of Edward III, King of England. Isabella married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, while the elder, Constance, married John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, leading him to claim the crown of Castile on behalf of his wife. Constance's daughter, Catherine of Lancaster, married Henry III of Castile in order to reunify any claim to succession that may have passed via Constance.

El Horror que nos somete:

The Order of Calatrava (Spanish: Orden de Calatrava Portuguese: Ordem de Calatrava) was the first military order founded in Castile, but the second to receive papal approval. The papal bull confirming the Order of Calatrava as a Militia was given by Pope Alexander III on September 26, 1164. Most of the political and military power of the order dissipated by the end of the 15th century, but the last dissolution of the order's property did not occur until 1838.

Origins and foundation

It was founded at Calatrava la Vieja in Castile, in the twelfth century by St. Raymond of Fitero, as a military branch of the Cistercian family.[1][2] The etymology of the name of this military order, Calatrava, conveys the meaning: "fortress of Rabah".

Rodrigo of Toledo describes the origins of the order:

Castle of Calatrava la Nueva, former parent headquarters of the order

"Calatrava is the Arabic name of a castle recovered from the Moslems, in 1147, by the King of Castile, Alfonso VII, called el Emperador. Located in what was then the southernmost border of Castile, this conquest was more difficult to keep than to make, especially at a time with neither standing armies nor garrisons were known. In part to correct this deficiency, the military orders such as Knights Templars were founded, where men could fulfill a vow of perpetual war against the Muslim. The Templars, however, were unable to hold Calatrava, and the king found further volunteer warriors when Raymond, Abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Fitero offered himself.

Los sueños de Re-conquista.. pero cual de ellas? sino la Romana por alusión y conexiones subterráneas?

Battles during the Reconquista

The first military services of the Knights of Calatrava were highly successful, and in return for the exceptional services they had rendered they received from the King of Castile new grants of land, which formed their first commanderies. They had already been called into the neighbouring Kingdom of Aragon, and been rewarded by a new encomienda (landed estate), that of Alcañiz (1179). But these successes were followed by a series of misfortunes, due in the first instance to the unfortunate partition which Alfonso had made of his possessions, and the consequent rivalry which ensued between the Castilian and Leonese branches of his dynasty. On the other hand, the first successes of the Reconquista in the 12th century, soon met up with a new wave of Islamic warriors, the invasion of the Almohads from Morocco. The first encounter resulted in a defeat for Castile.

Battle of Alarcos

After the disastrous Battle of Alarcos, the knights abandoned their bulwark of Calatrava to the Almohads (1195). Velasquez lived long enough to witness the failure of his daring scheme. He died the next year in the monastery of Gumiel (1196).[3] The order in Castile appeared to be finished, and the branch of Aragon sought primacy. The Knights of Alcañiz actually proceeded to elect a new grand master, but the grand master still living in Castile claimed his right. Finally, by a compromise, the master of Alcañiz was recognized as second in dignity, with the title of Grand Commander for Aragon.

The scattered remains of Castilian knights sheltered in the Cistercian monastery of Cirvelos, and there began to regroup and expand. They soon erected a new bulwark, Salvatierra Castle, where they took the name, which they kept for fourteen years, of Knights of Salvatierra (1198). But Salvatierra itself fell to the Almohad Caliphate in 1209.

Summoned by Pope Innocent III, foreign crusaders joined Iberian Christians. An early battle was the reconquest of Calatrava (1212), which was returned to its former masters. In the same year the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa turned the tide of Muslim domination in Spain. Having recovered its stronghold, and resumed the title of Calatrava (1216), the order nevertheless removed to more secure quarters of Calatrava la Nueva, eight miles from old Calatrava (1218). In 1221 the Order of Monfragüe was merged into that of Calatrava.

With the decline of Muslim power, new orders sprang up, including the Alcántara in the Kingdom of León and Avis in Portugal. Both began under Calatrava's protection and the visitation of its grand master. This age marks the climax of Iberian chivalry: it was then that King Ferdinand the Saint, after the definitive coalition of Castile and León (1229), in (1235) captured the capital of the old caliphate, Cordova, soon afterwards Murcia, Jaén, and Seville. The European crusade seemed at an end. Encouraged by these victories, Ferdinand's successor, Alfonso X, the Wise, planned a crusade in the East and contemplated marching, with his Castilian chivalry, to restore the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1272).

Calatrava had developed abundant resources of men and wealth, with lands and castles scattered along the borders of Castile. It exercised feudal lordship over thousands of peasants and vassals. Thus, more than once, we see the order bringing to the field, as its individual contributions, 1200 to 2000 knights, a considerable force in the Middle Ages. Moreover, it enjoyed autonomy, being by its constitutions independent in temporal matters and acknowledging only spiritual superiors—the Abbot of Morimond and, in appeal, the pope. These authorities interfered, in consequence of a schism which first broke out in 1296 through the simultaneous election of two grand masters, García Lopez and Gautier Perez.

Lopez, dispossessed a first time by a delegate of Morimond, appealed to Pope Boniface VIII, who quashed the sentence and referred the case to the general chapter at Cîteaux, where Lopez was re-established in his dignity (1302). Dispossessed a second time, in consequence of a quarrel with his lieutenant, Juan Nuñez, Lopez voluntarily resigned in favour of Nuñez, who had taken his place (1328), on condition that he should keep the commandery of Zurita; as this condition was violated, Lopez again, for the third time, took the title of Grand Master in Aragon, where he died in 1336. These facts sufficiently prove that after the fourteenth century the rigorous discipline and fervent observance of the order's earlier times had, under the relaxing influence of prosperity, given place to a spirit of intrigue and ambition.

Peter of Castile entered into a conflict with the order. That prince had three grand masters in succession sentenced to death, as having incurred his suspicion: the first of these was beheaded (1355) on a charge of having entered into a league with the King of Aragon; the second, Estevañez, having competed for the grand mastership with the king's candidate, García de Padilla, was murdered in the royal palace, by the king's own treacherous hand; lastly García de Padilla himself, a brother of the royal mistress, fell into disgrace, upon deserting the king's party for that of his half brother, Henry the Bastard, and died in prison (1369).

The following is an incomplete list of former Grand Masters of the Order of Calatrava, the current grand master of the order is King Felipe VI of Spain

Don García (1164–1169)

Fernando Icaza (1169–1170)

Martín Pérez de Siones (1170–1182)

Nuño Pérez de Quiñones (1182–1199)

Martín Martínez (1199–1207)

Ruy Díaz de Yanguas (1207–1212)

Rodrigo Garcés (1212–1216)

Martín Fernández de Quintana (1216–1218)

Gonzalo Yáñez de Novoa (1218–1238)

Martín Ruiz de Cevallos (1238–1240)

Gómez Manrique (1240–1243)

Fernando Ordóñez (1243–1254)

Pedro Yáñez (1254–1267)

Juan González (1267–1284)

Ruy Pérez Ponce de León (1284–1295)

Diego López de Santsoles (1295–1296)

Garci López de Padilla (1296–1322)

Juan Núñez de Prado (1322–1355)

Diego García de Padilla (1355–1365)

Martín López de Córdoba (1365–1371)

Pedro Muñiz de Godoy y Sandoval (1371–1384)

Pedro Álvarez de Pereira (1384–1385)

Gonzalo Núñez de Guzmán (1385–1404)

Enrique de Villena (1404–1407)

Luis González de Guzmán (1407–1443)

Fernando de Padilla (a few months in 1443)

Alfonso de Aragón y de Escobar (end of 1443–1445)

Pedro Girón Acuña Pacheco (1445–1466)

Rodrigo Téllez Girón (1466–1482)

García López de Padilla (1482–1487)

Catholic Monarchs (from 1487 onwards)

King Juan Carlos I of Spain

King Felipe VI of Spain (Incumbent)

sigue con Isabella de Castilla una saga de la que pocos hablan para descifrar los poderes que llevamos soportando años y siglos:

Isabella was the youngest of the three daughters of King Peter of Castile by his favourite mistress, María de Padilla (d.1361).[1]

On 21 September 1371 Edward III's fourth son, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, married Isabella's elder sister, Constance (d. 1394), who after the death of their father in 1369 claimed the throne of Castile. Isabella accompanied her sister to England, and on 11 July 1372, at about the age of 17, married John of Gaunt's younger brother, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, fifth son of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, at Wallingford, Oxfordshire, as part of a dynastic alliance in furtherance of the Plantagenet claim to the crown of Castile.[2] According to Pugh, Isabella and Edmund of Langley were 'an ill-matched pair'.[3]

As a result of her indiscretions, including an affair with King Richard II's half-brother, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (d. 1400), whom Pugh terms 'violent and lawless', Isabella left behind a tarnished reputation, her loose morals being noted by the chronicler Thomas Walsingham. According to Pugh, the possibility that Holland was the father of Isabella's favourite son, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, 'cannot be ignored'.[4]

In her will Isabel named King Richard as her heir, requesting him to grant her younger son, Richard, an annuity of 500 marks. The King complied. However, further largesse which might have been expected when Richard came of age was not to be, as King Richard II was deposed in 1399, and according to Harriss, Isabella's younger son, Richard, 'received no favours from the new King, Henry IV'.[5]

Isabella died 23 December 1392, aged about 37, and was buried 14 January 1393 at the church of the Dominicans at Kings Langley.[6] After Isabella's death, Edmund of Langley married Joan Holland, sister and co-heir of Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (9 January 1382 – 15 September 1408), with whom his daughter, Constance, had lived as his mistress (see above).[7]

Isabella was appointed a Lady of the Garter in 1379.[8]

Prodecencia: The Castilian House of Burgundy[1] is a cadet brach of the House of Ivrea descended from Raymond of Burgundy. Raymond married Urraca of the House of Himénez. Two years after his death, Urraca succeeded her father and became queen of Castille and Leon; Urraca's and Raymond's offspring ruled the kingdom from 1126 up to Peter of Castile, 1369.

Origins

Raymond was the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy (from the House of Ivrea) and arrived in the Iberian peninsula probably in 1086 with the army of Odo I, Duke of Burgundy, who siege the city Tudela, Navarre. In April 1087 the army abandoned the siege and returned home, but Odo, Raymond and Henry (Raymond's cousin) went west at the court of Alfonso VI king of Castile and León. There, Odo arranged the marriage of king's first daughter Urraca to Raymond on 1087; the couple received the county of Galicia as dowry.[2]In 1093 Alfonso VI married his second daughter Teresa to Henry and gave them the county of Portugal, which evolved to a kingdom.[3] In 1107 Raymond died; the next year died Sancho, king's only son and in 1109 the king himself. Urraca succeeded him up to her death and then next ruler was her son Alfonso VII, first king of Castile and León from the Castilian House of Ivrea:

The founder of the family's fortunes was a petty Burgundian count named Anscar, who, with the support of his powerful brother, the archbishop of Rheims Fulk the Venerable, brought Guy III of Spoleto to Langres to be crowned King of France in 887. Their plot failing, Anscar accompanied Guy back to Italy to seek that vacant throne and, in gratefulness to Anscar, Guy created the March of Ivrea to bestow on his Burgundian faithful. Anscar's descendants held the march until 1030. Perhaps the most illustrious scion of the house was his grandson Berengar, the first of three Anscarids to be crowned king of Italy.Berengar seized the throne in 950 after the death of Lothair II. He was opposed, immediately, by Lothair's widow Adelaide, whom he imprisoned after his attempt to force her marriage to his son, Adalbert II, failed. Emperor Otto I came down the peninsula and forced him to do homage in 952. For the next eleven years, Berengar and his co-crowned son governed Italy until Otto finally formally deposed them in 963.From 1002 to 1014 Arduin of Italy held the Italian throne in opposition to the German Henry II

Castilian branch of Ivrea

Raymond, fourth son of Count William I of Burgundy, travelled to Castile-León in the late eleventh century and there married Urraca, the future monarch. She was succeeded by their son, Alfonso VII. Subsequent monarchs of Castile and León were their agnatic descendants until the 16th century, although the crown had passed to an illegitimate cadet branch, the House of Trastámara, in the late 14th century.

Country

Holy Roman Empire

Kingdom of Italy

Frankish Empire

Papal States

County of Burgundy

Galicia

Castile

and

León

Ethnicity

Frankish

–

Burgundian

Founded9th century

Founder

Anscar I

Final rulerItaly:

Arduin

Burgundy:

Joan II

Castile, Galicia and León:

Peter

Orange:

Philibert

Titles

Pope (Elective)

King of Italy

King of Galicia

King of Castile

King of León

Margrave of Ivrea

Count of Burgundy

Count of Mâcon

Holy Roman Empress

Queen of France(Regent)

La hermana Constance of Castile (1354 – 24 March 1394) was claimant of the Castilian throne after the death of her father Peter, King of Castile and León, also known as Peter the Cruel. Her mother was María de Padilla, whom Peter had secretly married, but was then forced to repudiate; however he kept her as his mistress.Constance of CastileDuchess of LancasterBorn1354Castrojeriz, CastileDied24 March 1394 (aged 39–40)Leicester Castle, LeicestershireBurialChurch of the Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke, LeicesterSpouseJohn of Gaunt, 1st Duke of LancasterIssueCatherine, Queen of CastileHouseCastilian House of IvreaFatherPeter of CastileMotherMaría de PadillaReligionRoman CatholicismConstance was married, at Roquefort, near Bordeaux, Guienne, on 21 September 1371, to John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, who was the third son of Edward III of Englandand Philippa of Hainault, as his second wife. Constance's younger sister, Infanta Isabella, married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth son of King Edward III and Queen Philippa.On 9 February 1372 Constance made a ceremonial entry into London as Queen of Castile, accompanied by Edward, the Black Prince, and an escort of English and Castilian retainers and London dignitaries. Crowds lined the streets to see her as she processed to the Savoy Palace in the Strand where she was ceremonially received by her husband, who had proclaimed himself King of Castile and León on 29 January.[1]The surrender of Santiago de Compostela to John of Gaunt. Constance is the lady on horseback.This was the way for Gaunt to obtain a kingdom of his own (he had been offered Scotland as a youth by the childless David II but nothing came of this), as his nephew Richard II and the descendants of his brother Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, stood between him and the Crown of England. John of Gaunt claimed the title of King of Castile jure uxoris, and insisted that English nobles address him as "my lord of Spain", but was unsuccessful in his attempts to obtain the crown. Their daughter Catherine of Lancaster was married to the king of the Trastámara line, Henry III of Castile, thus uniting these two rival claims.Constance died at Leicester Castle and was buried at the Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke, Leicester.[2][3]

y le sigue Berengaria (Castilian: Berenguela; nicknamed the Great (Castilian: la Grande); 1179 or 1180 – 8 November 1246) was queen regnant of Castile[1] in 1217 and queen consort of León from 1197 to 1204. As the eldest child and heir presumptive of Alfonso VIII of Castile, she was a sought after bride, and was engaged to Conrad, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. After his death, she married her cousin, Alfonso IX of León, to secure the peace between him and her father. She had five children with him before their marriage was voided by Pope Innocent III.Berengaria1753 statue in MadridQueen of Castile and ToledoReign6 June – 31 August 1217PredecessorHenry ISuccessorFerdinand IIIQueen consort of LeónTenure1197–1204Born1179 or 1180BurgosDied8 November 1246 (aged 66)Las Huelgas near BurgosBurialLas Huelgas near BurgosConsortConrad II, Duke of Swabia(m. 1187; died 1196)Alfonso IX of León(m. 1197; annulled 1204)Issuemore...Ferdinand III of CastileAlfonso, Lord of MolinaBerengaria, Latin EmpressHouseCastilian House of IvreaFatherAlfonso VIII of CastileMotherEleanor of EnglandReligionRoman CatholicismWhen her father died, she served as regent for her younger brother Henry I in Castile until she succeeded him on his untimely death. Within months, she turned Castile over to her son, Ferdinand III, concerned that as a woman she would not be able to lead Castile's forces. However, she remained one of his closest advisors, guiding policy, negotiating, and ruling on his behalf for the rest of her life. She was responsible for the re-unification of Castile and León under her son's authority, and supported his efforts in the Reconquista. She was a patron of religious institutions and supported the writing of a history of the two countries.

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Prince Louis' christening: Will, Kate, George and Charlotte, plus Harry and Meghan, lead celebration

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Prince Louis' christening: Will, Kate, George and Charlotte, plus Harry and Meghan, lead celebration

Prince Louis, the youngest child of Prince William and Duchess Kate, will be christened at St. James’ Palace. Here’s a look back at some of the most memorable christenings of the Royal Family. USA TODAY

Duchess Kate of Cambridge, holding baby Prince Louis, speaks to Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby before the baby’s christening at the Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace, London, July 9, 2018.(Photo: Dominic Lipinski/Pool/AP)

The royal baby star of the show has arrived, cradled in the arms of his mum, Duchess Kate of Cambridge.

The christening of the third royal Cambridge heir, Prince Louis, was underway Monday in the Chapel Royal at St. James’s Palace in London as adoring members of his Windsor and Middleton families looked on, but without his nonagenarian great-grandparents.

It was the world’s first glimpse of the baby prince — the sixth great-grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip — in public since he was born on April 23.

Duchess Kate of Cambridge carries Prince Louis as they arrive for his christening at the Chapel Royalin St James’s Palace, London, July 9, 2018. (Photo: Dominic Lipinski/Pool/ AP)

The date was special to the queen: July 9, 1947, was the day her engagement to Prince Philip was announced. But the two were not at the ceremony.

The queen, 92, had spent a busy week in Scotland and was traveling to London to face another full week including major ceremonies on Tuesday and a meeting with President Donald Trump on Friday.

Prince Philip, 97, has retired from public duties and is not often seen in public anymore.

The new fifth in line to the throne was baptized an Anglican with the full name of Louis Arthur Charles of Cambridge in a private ceremony in the same small chapel where his brother, Prince George of Cambridge, was christened in October 2013.

Members of the Royal Family arrive at St James’s Palace for the christening of Prince Louis. pic.twitter.com/3pDk4D898C

— Kensington Palace (@KensingtonRoyal) July 9, 2018

As usual, the christening was an intimate affair. Present were the baby’s parents, Prince William and Kate, and his grandfather, Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales, and his wife, Duchess Camilla of Cornwall.

Uncle Prince Harry and his bride, Duchess Meghan of Sussex, were there, plus his maternal grandparents, Carole and Michael Middleton, aunt Pippa Middleton Matthews and her husband, James Matthews, and uncle James Middleton.

More: Duchess Meghan stuns in custom olive Ralph Lauren dress at Louis’ baptism

Prince Louis of Cambridges sleeps in arms of his mother, Duchess Kate of Cambridge as they arrive for his christening at the Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace, London, July 9, 2018. (Photo: Dominic Lipinski/Pool/ AP)

Pippa Middleton, who is expecting her first baby in the fall, was among the first of the guests to arrive at the chapel. She was followed by her parents and brother, and by some of the godparents and their spouses.

Cutest expected participants: Brother George, third in line to the throne, who turns 5 on July 22, and sister Charlotte, 3, the fourth in line. It was the first look at the Cambridge family of five in public since the baby’s birth.

Charlotte was dressed in one of her signature smock dresses in blue and white, while George wore dark shorts and a white shirt.

Prince William and Duchess Kate of Cambridge with their children Prince George, Princess Charlotte and baby Prince Louis as they arrive for Prince Louis’ christening service at the Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace, London, July 9, 2018. (Photo: Dominic Lipinski/Pool/AP)

Kate was in a creamy Alexander McQueen dress with a V-neck, plus a Jane Taylor hat.

Louis was dressed in the royal christening gown, a replica of the 1841 original retired 10 years ago.

Also on the guest list were the six godparents, announced by Kensington Palace on Monday morning. They included old school friends and a Middleton cousin.

Nicholas van Cutsem, one of William and Harry’s oldest friends; Guy Pelly, another chum who married an American in Memphis in a 2014 wedding attended by William and Harry; Harry Aubrey-Fletcher, another old friend of William’s; Lady Laura Meade, the daughter of an earl who married one of William’s closest friends from Eton, James Meade, who is a godparent to Princess Charlotte; Hannah Carter, an old school friend of Kate’s and sister-in-law to one of Princess Charlotte’s godparents; and Lucy Middleton, Kate’s cousin, whose brother, Adam Middleton, is a godparent to Princess Charlotte.

Royal children typically get multiple godparents: Charles has eight, William has six and George has seven.

The interior of the Chapel Royal at St James’s Palace in London, where Prince Louis of Cambridge was to be christened on July 9, 2018. (Photo: John Stillwell/AP)

After the 40-minute ceremony, the families went to Clarence House for a tea party, where guests were to be served slices of the traditional christening treat: a tier taken from Will and Kate’s 2011 wedding cake.

They also were scheduled to pose for the official christening photograph, taken by prominent portrait photographer Matt Holyoak, who also took the official photograph of the queen and Prince Philip in 2017 to mark their 70th wedding anniversary. The christening photo will be released in coming days, the palace said.

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The service, conducted by Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby, featured all of the usual trappings of a royal christening, including the silver baptismal Lily Font, water taken from the River Jordan, singing by the Royal Chapel choir, and the baby clad in a handmade replica of the Victorian-era royal christening gown of Honiton lace lined with white satin.

Prince Louis christening: Baby wears 10-year-old gown with a royal history

“I’m delighted and privileged to be christening Prince Louis today – a precious child made in God’s image, just as we all are. Please join me in praying for him and his family on this special day,” Welby said in a statement posted on Twitter.

This is the third time around for Will and Kate, but only the second time they’ve picked the Chapel Royal for the ceremony. Charlotte was christened at St. Mary Magdalene Church on the queen’s Sandringham estate in Norfolk.

Used by royals since Queen Victoria’s time, that little church was a sentimental choice because it’s where William’s mother, Princess Diana, was christened in 1961 when her Spencer family was living on the Sandringham estate.

Royal babies close to the throne are usually christened in London, although not always at St. James’s Palace, the oldest (commissioned by Henry VIII in the 1530s) royal palace in Britain. Before George, the St. James’s Chapel Royal was last used for the christening of William’s cousin Princess Beatrice in 1988. William, Charles and the queen, for example, were all christened in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace.

Prince William Duchess Kate of Cambridge arriving with their son, Prince George of Cambridge, ahead of his christening at Chapel Royal in St James’s Palace in London in October 2013. (Photo: JOHN STILLWELL/EPA)

The cozy (seats less than 50) chapel’s long history (it was built starting in 1540) is steeped in royal connections and ceremonies. Its coffered ceiling is decorated with royal initials and coats of arms believed to have been painted by 16th-century German master Hans Holbein.

The chapel is where Victoria married Prince Albert in 1840. More recently, it was where the former Meghan Markle was baptized an Anglican in a ceremony conducted by Welby shortly before her May 19 wedding to Prince Harry.

Photos: Watch Prince George grow

The christening gown also has a long history. The original was made in 1841 for the christening of Victoria’s eldest daughter, Princess Victoria, the Princess Royal, and was subsequently worn for all royal christenings, including Queen Elizabeth, her children and most of her grandchildren.

Photos: Watch Princess Charlotte grow

But it was in such fragile shape that the queen commissioned her dressmaker, Angela Kelly, to make a replica. The queen’s youngest grandchild, James, Viscount Severn, son of Prince Edward, was the first member of the family to wear the replica at his christening in the private chapel at Windsor Castle in April 2008.

Both George and Charlotte also wore the replica gown at their christenings.

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