#XX century philosophers

[sefaradweb]

Ortega y Gasset: el antisemitismo como lacra moral

🇪🇸 José Ortega y Gasset, uno de los más importantes filósofos españoles del siglo XX, siempre mostró una postura firme contra el antisemitismo, reconociendo la contribución fundamental de Israel en la creación intelectual y moral de Occidente. En septiembre de 2023, el autor realizó un viaje a Israel, pero poco después, el 7 de octubre de ese año, Hamás perpetró un ataque brutal que avivó un conflicto global, con misiles iraníes atacando Tel-Aviv y Jerusalén. En este contexto de violencia y odio, Ortega y Gasset ofrece una profunda reflexión sobre la irracionalidad del antisemitismo, criticando a la izquierda occidental por su adopción de esta postura destructiva.

🇺🇸 José Ortega y Gasset, one of the most important Spanish philosophers of the 20th century, consistently opposed antisemitism, recognizing Israel's essential contribution to the intellectual and moral development of the West. In September 2023, the author visited Israel, but shortly after, on October 7 of that year, Hamas carried out a brutal attack, reigniting a global conflict, with Iranian missiles targeting Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Amidst this violence and hatred, Ortega y Gasset offers a profound reflection on the irrationality of antisemitism, criticizing the Western left for embracing such a destructive stance.

[zombinafonfrankenstein]

Being a casual fan of something intellectual is so funny. Hi, it's my blorbo. He is from an obscure drama from early XX century. You can see him in theater and silent cinema. Philosophers did analyze him and compared him to God. He compared himself to a demigod. He is a clown. He brought sandwiches to the girl he likes and she said she forgives him for being weird. He can kill you. He is so cute.

[craftsart]

Nicholas Roerich artist, traveler and enlightened sage

Treasure of angels. 1905. Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh was a great painter of the XIX-XX centuries, a tireless traveler, teacher, philosopher and writer, scientist, poet and outstanding public figure, enlightened by the Teacher humanity. The paintings of Nicholas Roerich, his work are a true miracle, the brightest world phenomenon. The scale of his personality is incredible, and his biography will inspire seekers of mystical, sacred knowledge for a long time to come. Read the full article

[mai-love-andthestars]

Tarot 101: History and the Arcanas

Lets go over a quick summary of Tarot's history and Arcanas

Brief history

The history of tarot can be traced as far back as Egypt, back to the great Library of Alexandria where scrolls were housed by the famous librarian, mathematician, Philosopher and astronomer, Hypatia. Within the library were scrolls of the book of thoth which is said to contain texts written by Thoth, the Egyptian god of knowledge and writing. The illustrations of the tarot cards at the time are said to contain secret teachings which is presented by the major Arcana that represents a course in personal and Spiritual Development.

The minor Arcana appears later in time and has history in different areas of the world   In the Fourteen hundreds Italian Aristocrats use the cards called “trionfi” to play a game called “Il trionfos”. Artists were commissioned to create the cards that were either hand-painted or printed on wood blocks. Players took the themes shown on the cards and composed poems about each other. One of the earliest decks that still exist is the Visconti Tarot that was commissioned by the Duke of Milan in the mid 1400 that was printed on gold and silver foil.

Tarot cards also existed in areas of Asia such as India. It is hypothesized that cards were brought over to Europe by the Knights of Templar; there were also suggestions that the cards were brought by Romani travelers from the east to Europe in the Middle Ages. Tarot also appeared in Islamic playing cards from a card game in the 14th or 15th Century that was popular among the wealthy and higher class. One deck was called the Mamluk deck that had an important influence in Tarot cards today. The deck consisted of four suits: the coins, the cups, the swords and polo sticks, as well as 10 numbered cards and 4 Court cards per suit. However, It is only assumed that this card game was used for fortune-telling.

In Spain, the Spanish nobility in the fifteenth century played a game called Juego de Naypes that came with 49 cards. These cards specifically were used to tell fortunes and reveal Secrets especially in the matters of love. These cards were divided into four suits that were based on women. These suits were called maiden's, wives, widows and nuns and were used to show what someone loved or desired most. Each card would have a verse or poem that had the same amount of lines as the card number. These cards began to be used by fortune tellers and were laid out in a similar way as modern tarot spreads today.

The most common tarot card deck known today is the Rider -Waite-Smith Tarot which was developed in 1909 by Arthur Edward Waite, who commissioned Pamela Colman Smith an artist and Theatrical designer to create the deck. Smith produced 78 paintings which became the cards of the Tarot deck; the deck was then published under the London company William Rider and son in 1910. The deck became noticeable for it's storytelling scenes that were depicted in the major Arcana as a way to convey their meanings. This design allowed readers to read the card intuitively and since the original publication of the deck a number variations have been created since then. And while many have made different designs and types of Tarot deck, the Rider-Waite-Smith Deck is one of the more popular cards today.

The Cards

Standard Tarot decks consist of seventy-eight cards, divided into two groups called the Major and Minor Arcana, the word Arcana meaning Secret. The major arcana consists of 22 cards, and the minor consists of 56 cards. The major arcana often reflects events in your life that are important and long lasting, “major” events in your life. While the minor arcana often depicts day to day events. It can also be seen as aspects that can affect you more personally in comparison to the minor arcana that may not.

The major arcana is numbered from 0 to XX or twenty. It follows the journey of the fool all the way to the completion of the world. Unlike the minor arcana, the major arcana does not correspond with the suit of playing cards, they slightly vary depending on the deck. The minor arcana correspond with the suits in traditional playing card decks as well as the four elements of water, fire, air and earth.

The suits

There are four suits in the minor arcana that are numbers from 1-10 with the Ace being the first card and the court cards known as the page, the knight, the queen and the king of the suits in traditional tarot decks.

The Wands are often associated with the suit of clubs and are represented by the element of fire, it is also a representation of your higher self or your higher realm, or in other words the spirit. They are also associated with the season of spring and in terms of time represent days. The qualities of the wands are elements such as action, creativity, energy, enterprise, intuition, hope and potential. In astrology they are represented by the signs Aries, Leo and Sagittarius that are also fire signs.

The cups are associated with the suit of hearts and are related to the element of water and represent a person’s emotions. In terms of timing it is associated with the months And is associated with the season of Summer. The qualities of the cups contain such keywords such as, love, relationships, happiness, harmony, sensitivity, emotion and fulfillment. In astrology they are represented by the zodiac signs of cancer, pisces and scorpio.

The swords were associated with a suit of Spades and are related to the element of air and represent a person's mental plane. In terms of timing the cars can be associated with weeks and are associated with the season of autumn or fall. The swords represent qualities such as ideas, communication, conflict struggle , separation resolution and change. In astrology they're represented by the zodiac sign of Gemini Libra and Aquarius.

The Pentacles are associated with the suit of diamonds and are related to the element of Earth And represent a person's physical self. The Pentacles can be associated with the timing in terms of years and is related to the Season Winter. The storage represents keywords such as money, work, talent, reputation, achievements, stability and material wealth. In astrology they are represented by the signs of Taurus Virgo and Capricorn.

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[gemsofgreece]

Hello! Forgive the rather specific request, but do you have a brief recap of the wars Greece fought in modern days? By modern days I mean after guns were invented up to the XX century, excluded (I mean you don't have to mention me WW1 and WW2, as I guess they are already a given). I know for a long time Greece was under the Ottoman empire, so I take that as well

Greece hasn't really fought with others much except Turkey tho lol, the list below will give you a deeper understanding of all the Greco-turkish memes

Guns were used in what we'd call their recognisable form around 1300 AD. For the next 200 years, the Greek fights are still the Byzantine fights.

In the 14th Century, the Byzantine Empire tries to resurrect itself as a result of its utter destruction from the Crusaders. This leads to Byzantine civil wars between aspiring emperors who simultaneously try to regain lands. Meanwhile, the empire fights the Ottomans on numerous battles. Throw in this mix a Byzantine-Genoese War, which had to do with the repercussions of the Crusades.

In the 15th Century, it's all Byzantine Empire vs Ottomans. The empire falls and Greeks become a part of the Ottoman empire.

In the Ottoman-Venetian Wars which span three centuries (1463 - 1718), Greeks participate on the side of the Venetians every time.

During the 16th century, Greeks make several anti-Ottoman revolts, at Vonitsa, Epirus, Thessaly and Dionysius the Philosopher's revolt. They also participate in the Albanian revolt in Himara.

In the Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774), Greeks participate on the side of the Russians.

From 1778-1815, Greeks make several revolts with local success which leads to re-invasions from the Ottoman Turks and more fights.

1821-1832, Greek War of Independence.

Crimean War, 1853 - 1856. Russia VS Ottoman Empire, France and UK. Greeks participate on the side of the Russians.

Further Cretan, Macedonian, Thessalian and Epirote revolts against the Ottoman Empire, 1841 - 1898.

Macedonian Struggle, 1904 - 1908. Atypical war between Greece and Bulgaria over the still Ottoman-controlled region of Macedonia.

First Balkan War, 1912-1913. Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria VS Ottoman Empire.

Second Balkan War, 1913. Greece and Serbia VS Bulgaria.

WWI (1914-1918). Greece joins the Allies after a lot of drama.

Greeks participate in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War (1918-1920).

Greco-Turkish War, 1919-1922.

WWII, 1939-1945. Greece is of course on the side of the Allies and fights the invasions of Italy, Germany and Bulgaria, for the most part simultaneously.

Greek Civil War, 1946 - 1949.

Korean War, 1950 - 1953. Greeks participate on the side of South Korea. Fun fact, they were the fifth largest UN power participating in the war.

Korean stamp.

Turkish Invasion of Cyprus, 1974. Much weaker and shorter assistance of Cyprus than one would expect, most likely because at the time Greece was governed by a dictatorship.

Now as a member of NATO and UN it is in several expenditions worldwide, missions, but it's basically peacemaking and humanitarian operations etc

[lantern-hill]

under the net by iris murdoch - very fun and light hearted but also philosophical novel. set in xx century london, follows a man who cant stop Getting In Situations

the fiery angel by valeri brusov - historical fiction set in xvi century germany, follows a man whose life gets turned upside down by a lady who keeps seeing an angel. this one is more serious and tragical with a lot of beautiful flowery language and historically accurate descriptions. and also there is the occult knowledge

diver's clothes lie empty by vendela vida - a woman commits an identity theft by accident. decides to roll with it bc she is paranoid and Something happened to her not so long ago that she is trying to escape. this one is described as a thriller (not horror, its rather humorous in places actually), but for me the tension started to appear closer to the end of the book. still, it was entertaining

slay slay slay thank you

[postersdecinema]

Rikos Ja Rangaistus

(Crime e Castigo)

SF, 1983

Aki Kaurismäki

7/10

Estreia Promissora

Adaptação moderna do clássico romance de Fiódor Dostoiévski, originalmente publicado em 1866.

O romance é um clássico da literatura universal, que inspirou pensamentos filosóficos, sociológicos e psicológicos da segunda metade do século XIX e também no século XX, nomeadamente Nietzsche, Sartre, Freud, Orwell, Huxley, entre outros. Não admira por isso que tenha tido mais de trinta adaptações cinematográficas, entre 1909 e 2019.

Esta adaptação finlandesa de 1983 é praticamente a estreia de Aki Kaurismäki na realização (antes deste filme só tinha realizado um documentário musical, em 1981, juntamente com o irmão Mika Kaurismäki, que aqui, assume o papel de produtor).

É um filme promissor, embora nem capte a profundidade do romance (nenhuma das adaptações o consegue, obviamente) nem mostre, ainda totalmente desenvolvido, o estilo Kaurismäki, de que já dá bons indícios, mas só aparece amadurecido no filme seguinte, Calamari Union. Ambos têm, contudo, em comum, o gosto pelo absurdo minimalista, que se tornaria a imagem de marca do realizador finlandês.

Uma obra interessante, sobretudo por se tratar da estreia de um realizador importante, mas que acaba por se revelar demasiado convencional, no conjunto da obra do mestre finlandês.

Ainda assim, merece seguramente ser vista.

Promising debut

Modern adaptation of Fyodor Dostoevsky's classic novel, originally published in 1866.

The novel is a classic of universal literature, which inspired philosophical, sociological and psychological thoughts in the second half of the 19th century and also in the 20th century, namely Nietzsche, Sartre, Freud, Orwell, Huxley, among others. It’s no surprise that it had more than thirty film adaptations, between 1909 and 2019.

This 1983 Finnish adaptation is practically Aki Kaurismäki's directorial debut (before this film he had only directed a musical documentary, in 1981, together with his brother Mika Kaurismäki, who here takes on the role of producer).

It is a promising film, although it neither captures the depth of the novel (none of the adaptations do, obviously) nor shows, still fully developed, the Kaurismäki style, of which it already gives good indications, but only appears mature in the following film, Calamari Union. However, both have in common a taste for minimalist absurdity, which would become the Finnish director's trademark.

An interesting work, mainly because it is the debut of an important director, but it ends up being too conventional, within the Finnish master's work as a whole.

Still, it certainly deserves to be seen.

[pankajbanerjee-official]

AYUSH MEDICINES: Magic or Logic (2024)

Magic is the use of supernatural forces to create effects that defy natural laws and evoke a sense of wonder.

Magic is an effective use of laws of physics to create illusion and virtual reality to make people believe things that they can't imagine under normal circumstances with common sense.

Many a times due to scientific shortcuts and lack of wisdom or vested intentions, traditional practices are termed Magics.

AYUSH medicines, which include Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy, are sometimes colloquially referred to as "magic remedies" because of their holistic approach to health, centuries-old practices, and the perceived "miraculous" benefits they offer in managing various ailments by the abusers and consortium of evidence based practitioners. This label is often rooted due to popular perception rather than clinical evidence, reflecting how traditional healing systems are seen to work gently and naturally, sometimes achieving results where conventional treatments may fall short. And surprise at most times evoke doubts.

Hence, the term "magic remedies" can be misleading, as AYUSH therapies are grounded in specific philosophical and medicinal principles, and not in supernatural effects. The label sometimes diminishes the scientific foundations and the extensive yet unfortunately undocumented traditional knowledge that backs these systems. The Indian government, through the Ministry of AYUSH, has been promoting scientific research and clinical validation to establish the efficacy of AYUSH therapies more formally.

The term "magic remedies" has not been historically attributed to Ayurvedic medicines by any specific person. However, the phrase gained legal significance in India through the Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954, which regulates advertisements claiming miraculous cures in Allopathic, Ayurvedic, and other traditional medicines to prevent misleading claims. The act used "magic remedies" broadly to address exaggerated claims rather than any official or scientific designation of Ayurvedic or traditional medicines as magical.

Few examples of companies that faced action for violating the Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act in India:

(2016): Company XX was scrutinized for promoting certain products with exaggerated health claims, including remedies for diabetes, blood pressure, and joint pain. The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) flagged multiple ads for making unsubstantiated claims, leading to corrective actions.

YY Ayurveda (2021): YY faced legal issues when its advertisements claimed their products could effectively "cure" serious conditions like diabetes and hypertension. The claims were deemed misleading as they lacked scientific validation.

ZZZZ: Known for producing traditional Ayurvedic products, ZZZZ received warnings for advertisements that overstated the effects of some formulations, including claims to cure serious illnesses, violating the Magic Remedies Act.

These cases emphasize the importance of responsible advertising and adherence to regulations in the AYUSH sector.

Let's understand what specific issues that require tightening of administration.

(2020): AAAA promoted Proxozeen as a COVID-19 "cure" without sufficient scientific evidence. The claim received widespread criticism, leading to government intervention. Authorities required AAAA to revise its labeling and advertise Proxozeen as an immunity booster instead of a cure for COVID-19.

YY Ayurveda Diabetes Cure Claim: YY Ayurveda advertised certain products as a permanent cure for diabetes, without clinical support for the claim. This led the ASCI to issue a warning, highlighting that such ads could mislead patients into abandoning conventional treatment for diabetes management.

ZZZZ's Anti-Asthma and Cancer Treatment Claims: ZZZZ faced scrutiny for ads claiming that certain products could treat asthma and even cancer effectively. These advertisements lacked clinical evidence and were flagged for making unverified promises about serious health conditions.

These examples underscore the importance of evidence-based products and communication with adherence to introductory regulatory standards in licensing AYUSH products responsibly.

To avoid being tagged as "magic remedies," companies manufacturing AYUSH products should:

Follow Scientific Validation: Invest in clinical trials and scientific research to validate claims with evidence-based outcomes at product introduction.

Comply with Regulations: Adhere to guidelines set by regulatory authorities like the Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 and the Ministry of AYUSH, avoiding exaggerated or misleading health claims.

Use Transparent Marketing: Focus on educational marketing that clearly explains the benefits based on evidence based traditional knowledge and scientific support rather than promising "miraculous" cures.

Label Responsibly: Ensure product labels and advertisements are accurate, emphasizing well-supported benefits and safe usage without overstated promises.

Engage in Certification: Obtain quality certifications (like WHO standard GMP or ISO) to build credibility and consumer trust, emphasizing safety and efficacy.

By maintaining these standards, both AYUSH and its companies can promote products responsibly and enhance public trust in traditional medicine.

There's no shortcuts to success. Ayurvedic companies should not be excused for proper documentation and compliance at product introduction in local markets under Ministry of AYUSH. The companies continue to struggle with the followings even in 2024:

Traditional Knowledge vs. Modern Documentation: Many Ayurvedic formulations are based on traditional recipes without modern validation processes, which may not align with the rigorous documentation standards required for modern healthcare. This results in gaps when substantiating claims with scientific evidence, as traditional practices focus more on holistic benefits than specific, measurable outcomes.

Cost and Complexity of Research: Conducting clinical trials, maintaining strict quality control, and complying with documentation standards require significant investment. Many smaller companies lack the resources to conduct such trials, leading them to bypass extensive documentation to reduce costs. Govt. should come up with a policy to support if the innovation is unique as per committee validation.

Limited Regulatory Oversight: Although the Ministry of AYUSH has set regulatory guidelines (scope for improvement remains and that's an ongoing process), the enforcement of these standards is inconsistent across states. Inspections and audits are often irregular, and smaller companies can sometimes operate without comprehensive scrutiny. This lack of strict oversight allows some companies to launch products with minimal compliance (this needs a strict stoppage).

Lack of Penalties and Follow-Through: The penalties for non-compliance are often not substantial enough to deter companies from cutting corners. The Ministry of AYUSH and local regulators sometimes lack the resources or coordination to impose effective penalties, especially in cases of misleading advertisements or low-quality production practices.

To strengthen the system, the Ministry of AYUSH will come up with stricter compliance checks and enforcements, increase penalties for violations, and improve collaboration with state-level authorities for more consistent oversight. Additionally, providing grand subsidies or incentives for scientific research on AYUSH formulations could encourage companies to invest in proper documentation and clinical validation.

Global Red Flags is a regular phenomenon by multiple countries across developed world makes manufacturers decategorize products to expand global presence and that's mostly because the complex regulation of traditional medicines across different countries. That is largely due to multiple factors, with no single party solely to blame.

Historical and Cultural Variability: Each country has its own historical and cultural ties to traditional medicine, such as Ayurveda in India, Traditional Chinese Medicine in China, and Native American herbal practices in the U.S. These unique roots have led countries to develop independent regulatory standards based on local needs and beliefs rather than a unified global standard.

Lack of Global Regulatory Authority: The World Health Organization (WHO) provides guidance but lacks the power to enforce regulations globally. As a result, countries are free to adapt WHO recommendations to suit their own regulatory frameworks and health policies, leading to varied levels of regulation.

Scientific and Evidence Gaps: The limited availability of scientific research and clinical validation for many traditional medicines makes it difficult to develop global standards. Since evidence-based criteria differ across countries, regulators often rely on local practices and existing cultural acceptance when setting standards, which contributes to inconsistency.

Political and Economic Interests: National interests often shape health regulations. Countries with strong traditional medicine markets may have looser regulatory frameworks to encourage domestic industry growth, while others impose stricter standards to protect their markets or healthcare systems. This variation reflects different political and economic agendas regarding traditional medicine.

Lack of Collaborative Mechanisms: Despite some efforts to promote international collaboration on traditional medicine, limited cross-border regulatory cooperation makes it challenging to achieve harmonized standards. Diverse legal and health priorities make consensus difficult, especially without formal frameworks for international regulatory alignment.

The varied regulation of traditional medicine is a result of historical, cultural, scientific, political, and organizational factors. Greater collaboration between countries, increased funding for scientific research, and a stronger role for organizations like WHO could help address these inconsistencies.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has made strides in acknowledging and integrating traditional medicine through initiatives like its Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014-2023) and the establishment of the Global Centre for Traditional Medicine in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. However, WHO still faces challenges in effectively evaluating and standardizing traditional medicine globally:

Lack of Standardized Frameworks: Traditional medicine systems vary widely across cultures, with unique methodologies, terminologies, and diagnostic approaches. WHO lacks a unified framework to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and quality of these diverse practices, making it challenging to apply consistent global standards.

Limited Clinical Research and Evidence: Many traditional practices lack large-scale clinical trials or high-quality scientific evidence due to resource constraints or reliance on oral traditions. WHO's focus on evidence-based approaches makes it difficult to assess practices with minimal or culturally distinct documentation.

Funding and Resources: The WHO’s resources are often prioritized for urgent global health issues, leaving limited funding for establishing an independent, robust wing dedicated solely to traditional medicine. This financial limitation affects the organization’s ability to research, standardize, and provide guidance on traditional medicines globally.

Regulatory Diversity and Legal Constraints: Different countries have varied regulatory requirements for traditional medicine. This diversity, combined with WHO's non-regulatory role, limits its ability to enforce guidelines, as WHO can only provide recommendations that countries may or may not adopt.

Balancing Cultural Sensitivity with Scientific Rigor: WHO must respect cultural practices while promoting scientifically validated health practices. Striking this balance is complex and can slow down efforts to create a dedicated wing with rigorous evaluation standards.

To address these gaps, WHO could benefit from increased funding, partnerships with research institutions, and collaboration with regulatory bodies worldwide. This would enhance its capacity to create a comprehensive framework for evaluating traditional medicine systems and foster global acceptance through evidence-based validation.

The Magic Remedy needs to be taken care of with Evidence based Documented approach at origin to ensure all innovations in the field of healthcare doesn't face Tragic Localised Fate.

[monkeyssalad-blog]

L0072348 Page 34 from "Thesaurus thesaurorum et secretum by The Public Domain Review Via Flickr: L0072348 Page 34 from "Thesaurus thesaurorum et secretum Credit: Wellcome Library, London. Wellcome Images images@wellcome.ac.uk wellcomeimages.org Page 34 headed: Et apprehendit Draconem / Serpentein antiquani(?) / Apoc. XX Two drawings: the first depicting a rainbow and a warrior standing on a cloud attacking three monsters (a bird, serpent and a demon); the second depicting scientific appartus TITLE OF MANUSCRIPT: "Thesaurus thesaurorum et secretum secretissimum in quo omnia Mundi arcana latent, quodque Deus per ineffabilem suam misericordiam homini vili et abjecto peccatorique maximo revelavit. Lapidis Philosophorum verus processus", unknown author, written c.1725 DESCRIPTION: Illustrated with numerous symbolic alchemical water-colour drawings, and figures of chemical and alchemical apparatus: a circular symbolic figure on p. 83 is by a different and later hand. The text and the legends to the illustrations are in Latin, but there are a few additions in verse in German. The title given above is that found on p. 7 at the beginning of the text. There is a title in an unresolved cypher on p. 1 of which the following only is en clair: 'S.N.D.B.L.E./..../Philoponus P...A...B...' Below the title to the second work (p. 93) is written 'Mei Magistri colendissimi piae memoriae'. CUSTODIAL HISTORY: A former owner, Michelangelo Guatani of Bologna, has transcribed the Latin title on the outside of the upper cover, stating he had acquired the MS. in March 1874. He has also written a note on the first fly-leaf concerning Joannes Philoponus, an Alexandrian Christian philosopher who flourished in the first half of the sixth century, and wrote Commentaries on Aristotle, and other philosophical and scientific works, which are mostly unpublished. Guatani's note is extracted from the 'Nouvelle biographie universelle': there seems however, to be no possible connection between the Alexandrian philosopher and the author or contents of this manuscript. Purchased by the Wellc

[shoppinghauer]

I find it quite disturbing that elder teenagers are playing pretend with stuff like neopronouns, being called an "it" and such... what happened to healthier outlets of teenage angst like identifying with a XIX Century poet or a XX Century philosopher??

[snehagoogle]

Fishes

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Birds

Some physical, some philosophical

Some shed their semen in the air, some in the soil

others ate it instantly

Like peacocks, like eagles

The rest is mutual in contact

Like peacocks, like eagles

The rest is mutual in contact

The rest is mutual in contact

Birds

Some physical, some philosophical

Some shed their semen in the air, some in the soil

others ate it instantly

Like peacocks, like eagles

The rest is mutual in contact

Like peacocks, like eagles

The rest is mutual in contact

The rest is mutual in contact

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Animals and us humans

Do some unique burning

man's semen enters the woman

Becomes embryo and earth's gem

Story, some chromosome indicators

and top posture in the world

Story, some chromosome indicators

and top posture in the world

and top posture in the world

Animals and us humans

Do some unique burning

man's semen enters the woman

Becomes embryo and earth's gem

Story, some chromosome indicators

and top posture in the world

Story, some chromosome indicators

and top posture in the world

and top posture in the world

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Fish evolution explains a unique pattern in the structure of the world

Although we humans consider our existence to be supreme in the structure of the world

A fish can give birth to a million billion offspring at a time

Whereas we humans can give birth to one or a few offspring at the most

Although to some extent it is also true that we can understand the gender of the baby in the embryo itself by just lighting one

Like we humans adopt the method of XX or XY or YY chromosomes to identify the gender

Is it possible to identify the gender in the birth of fish by inspecting the eggs

Yes, it is completely possible. In some species, like angelfish, the only way to tell without having to dissect the fish is to see which one does the egg-laying in a pair: My angelfish pair: male to the left and female to the right. Hadn't I seen them during egg-laying, I wouldn't know which is which.8 Oct 2016

How to check if fish is male or female?

You can determine the sex of your fish by inspecting its gonads (reproductive organs), which are located towards the top of the gut cavity. Mature female fish will have orange ovaries and male fish will have white testes (see photos above).

How to Determine the Sex of Your Fish

The Spruce Pets

https://www.thesprucepets.com › determine-sex-of-fish-...

4 Jun 2020

Depending on the species, determining the sex of a fish ranges from easy to nearly impossible. Knowing the sexual differences in aquarium fish is important when trying to breed fish and also for choosing the proper balance of fish for a community aquarium. Although not all fish can be easily identified by sex, these tips will help you recognize the sex of many of the common species of aquarium fish.

Determining Fish Sex

Here is how you can figure out the sex of common aquarium fish. This is by no means an exhaustive list but it does provide a general overview of the differences between the fish sexes.

What gender are fish at birth?

In most protogynous fish, some fish will start out lives as male, some will switch from female to male at some point, and some will remain as females for the full duration of their lives.

At what age can you tell the gender of a fish?

So, within 2 months you'll probably START to see the change. Aside from the fin - something else to look for would be the gravid spot. Females will have this naturally and throughout their entire lives - boys won't.5 Nov 2021

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Birds

Some physical, some philosophical

Some shed their semen in the air, some in the soil

others ate it instantly

Like peacocks, like eagles

The rest is mutual in contact

Like peacocks, like eagles

The rest is mutual in contact

The rest is mutual in contact

Birds

Some physical, some philosophical

Some shed their semen in the air, some in the soil

others ate it instantly

Like peacocks, like eagles

The rest is mutual in contact

Like peacocks, like eagles

The rest is mutual in contact

The rest is mutual in contact

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Animals and us humans

Do some unique burning

man's semen enters the woman

Becomes embryo and earth's gem

Story, some chromosome indicators

and top posture in the world

Story, some chromosome indicators

and top posture in the world

and top posture in the world

Animals and us humans

Do some unique burning

man's semen enters the woman

Becomes embryo and earth's gem

Story, some chromosome indicators

and top posture in the world

Story, some chromosome indicators

and top posture in the world

and top posture in the world

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes

the stories that make up

Men shed their semen in water

Woman holds eggs in mouth and makes babies

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

This has been the culture for centuries

Fishes in such rising waters

Fishes in such rising waters

Translate Hindi

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

पक्षियां

कुछ शारिरिक कुछ दार्शनिक

बीर्य घटाए हवा में कोई मिट्टी में कोई

दूसरे खाए तात्क्षणिक

जैसे मोर जैसे ईगल

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

जैसे मोर जैसे ईगल

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

पक्षियां

कुछ शारिरिक कुछ दार्शनिक

बीर्य घटाए हवा में कोई मिट्टी में कोई

दूसरे खाए तात्क्षणिक

जैसे मोर जैसे ईगल

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

जैसे मोर जैसे ईगल

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

पशुए और हम इंसान

करते है कुछ अनोखा दहन

पुरुष की बीर्य नारी में समाय

बनके भ्रूण और भूमिष्ट रतन

कहानी कुछ क्रोमोसोम सूचक

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

कहानी कुछ क्रोमोसोम सूचक

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

पशुए और हम इंसान

करते है कुछ अनोखा दहन

पुरुष की बीर्य नारी में समाय

बनके भ्रूण और भूमिष्ट रतन

कहानी कुछ क्रोमोसोम सूचक

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

कहानी कुछ क्रोमोसोम सूचक

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

दुनिया की संरचना में मछली विकास एक अनोखा पद्धति समझाता है

वैसे हम इंसान दुनिया की संरचना में हमारी अस्तित्व को शीर्षता की श्रेष्ठ मानते है

एक मछली एकबार में मिलियन विलियन बच्चा पैदा कर सकता है

जहां हम इंसान ज्यादा से ज्यादा एक या कुछ

वैसे कुछ हद तक यह भी सच है हम सिर्फ एक की प्रकाश करने से भ्रूण में ही बच्चे का जेंडार समझ पाते है

जैसे हम इंसान एक्स एक्स या एक्स वाई या वाई वाई क्रोमोसोम वाली पद्धति अपनाते है जेंडार पहचानने के लिए

क्या मछली की पैदाइश में जेंडर पहचान मुमकिन है अंडों निरिक्षण करके

हां, यह पूरी तरह से संभव है। कुछ प्रजातियों में, जैसे कि एंजलफिश, मछली को चीरने के बिना यह बताने का एकमात्र तरीका यह देखना है कि कौन सी मछली जोड़ी में अंडे देती है: मेरी एंजलफिश जोड़ी: नर बाईं ओर और मादा दाईं ओर। अगर मैं��े उन्हें अंडे देते समय नहीं देखा होता, तो मुझे नहीं पता होता कि कौन सी मछली कौन सी है।8 अक्टूबर 2016

कैसे पता करें कि मछली नर है या मादा?

आप अपनी मछली के लिंग का निर्धारण उसके गोनाड (प्रजनन अंग) का निरीक्षण करके कर सकते हैं, जो आंत गुहा के शीर्ष की ओर स्थित होते हैं। परिपक्व मादा मछली में नारंगी रंग के अंडाशय होंगे और नर मछली में सफेद वृषण होंगे (ऊपर की तस्वीरें देखें)।

अपनी मछली का लिंग कैसे निर्धारित करें

द स्प्रूस पेट्स

https://www.thesprucepets.com › determ-sex-of-fish-...

4 जून 2020

प्रजातियों के आधार पर, मछली का लिंग निर्धारित करना आसान से लेकर लगभग असंभव तक होता है। मछली पालने की कोशिश करते समय और सामुदायिक मछलीघर के लिए मछलियों का उचित संतुलन चुनने के लिए एक्वेरियम मछली में यौन अंतर जानना महत्वपूर्ण है। हालाँकि सभी मछलियों को आसानी से लिंग से पहचाना नहीं जा सकता है, लेकिन ये सुझाव आपको एक्वेरियम मछली की कई सामान्य प्रजातियों के लिंग को पहचानने में मदद करेंगे।

मछली का लिंग निर्धारित करना

यहाँ बताया गया है कि आप आम एक्वेरियम मछली के लिंग का पता कैसे लगा सकते हैं। यह किसी भी तरह से एक विस्तृत सूची नहीं है, लेकिन यह मछली के लिंगों के बीच अंतर का एक सामान्य अवलोकन प्रदान करती है।

जन्म के समय मछलियाँ किस लिंग की होती हैं?

अधिकांश प्रोटोगिनस मछलियों में, कुछ मछलियाँ नर के रूप में जीवन शुरू करती हैं, कुछ किसी बिंदु पर मादा से नर में बदल जाती हैं, और कुछ अपने पूरे जीवन की अवधि के लिए मादा के रूप में रहती हैं।

आप किस उम्र में मछली का लिंग बता सकते हैं?

तो, 2 महीने के भीतर आपको शायद बदलाव दिखना शुरू हो जाएगा। पंख के अलावा - देखने के लिए ��क और चीज गर्भवती जगह होगी। मादाओं में यह स्वाभाविक रूप से और उनके पूरे जीवन में होगा - लड़कों में नहीं।5 नवंबर 2021

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

पक्षियां

कुछ शारिरिक कुछ दार्शनिक

बीर्य घटाए हवा में कोई मिट्टी में कोई

दूसरे खाए तात्क्षणिक

जैसे मोर जैसे ईगल

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

जैसे मोर जैसे ईगल

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

पक्षियां

कुछ शारिरिक कुछ दार्शनिक

बीर्य घटाए हवा में कोई मिट्टी में कोई

दूसरे खाए तात्क्षणिक

जैसे मोर जैसे ईगल

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

जैसे मोर जैसे ईगल

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

बाकि कुछ है संस्पर्ष में पारस्परिक

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

पशुए और हम इंसान

करते है कुछ अनोखा दहन

पुरुष की बीर्य नारी में समाय

बनके भ्रूण और भूमिष्ट रतन

कहानी कुछ क्रोमोसोम सूचक

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

कहानी कुछ क्रोमोसोम सूचक

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

पशुए और हम इंसान

करते है कुछ अनोखा दहन

पुरुष की बीर्य नारी में समाय

बनके भ्रूण और भूमिष्ट रतन

कहानी कुछ क्रोमोसोम सूचक

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

कहानी कुछ क्रोमोसोम सूचक

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

और दुनिया में शीर्ष आसन

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

मछलियां

बनाते है जो कहानियां

पुरुष बीर्य बहाए पानी में

नारी मुंह में लिए बनाए अंडों बच्चे बच्चियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

सदियों से यही है संस्कृति

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

ऐसे बढ़े पानी में मछलियां

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Jacques Derrida

🇪🇸 Jacques Derrida (nacido el 15 de julio de 1930 en Biar, Argelia) es considerado uno de los filósofos más influyentes del siglo XX, especialmente conocido por ser el fundador de la teoría de la deconstrucción. Su pensamiento se formó en gran parte durante su traslado a París en 1949, influenciado por pensadores como Emanuel Levinas, Jacob Jabs, las teorías marxistas y las ideas de Heidegger. En 1967, Derrida publicó sus obras más influyentes, "Escritura y diferencia" y "De la gramática", las cuales fueron un hito en la filosofía contemporánea. A lo largo de su carrera, Derrida desmanteló la metafísica occidental y cuestionó cómo se construye el conocimiento y el significado, acuñando el término "diferánce", que mezcla las nociones de diferencia y diferimiento, para describir cómo el entendimiento se construye de manera relacional y contextual. Derrida también fue conocido por sus trabajos sobre el Marxismo en su libro "Espectros de Marx" (1993) y su análisis de los ataques del 11 de septiembre con los textos "El concepto del 11 de septiembre" y "Matón". A lo largo de su vida académica, enseñó en prestigiosas instituciones como la Escuela Normal Superior de París y la Universidad de California en Irvine, recibiendo numerosos honores, incluido un doctorado honoris causa de la Universidad de Cambridge en 1992. Derrida falleció el 8 de octubre de 2004 debido a un cáncer de páncreas, dejando un legado filosófico profundo que sigue influyendo en muchos campos de estudio.

🇺🇸 Jacques Derrida (born July 15, 1930 in Biar, Algeria) is considered one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, especially known as the founder of deconstruction theory. His thinking was largely formed during his move to Paris in 1949, influenced by thinkers such as Emanuel Levinas, Jacob Jabs, Marxist theory, and Heidegger's ideas. In 1967, Derrida published his most influential works, "Writing and Difference" and "Of Grammatology", which became milestones in contemporary philosophy. Throughout his career, Derrida dismantled Western metaphysics and questioned how knowledge and meaning are constructed, coining the term "differánce", blending the ideas of difference and deferral, to describe how understanding is relational and contextual. Derrida was also known for his work on Marxism in his book "Specters of Marx" (1993) and his analysis of the September 11 attacks with texts like "The Concept of September 11" and "Hoodlum". Throughout his academic life, he taught at prestigious institutions such as the École Normale Supérieure in Paris and the University of California, Irvine, receiving numerous honors, including an honorary doctorate from Cambridge University in 1992. Derrida passed away on October 8, 2004, due to pancreatic cancer, leaving behind a profound philosophical legacy that continues to influence many fields of study.

[edisonblog]

Avant-Garde - Artistic Movement.

The vanguard (from the French avant-garde) literally means the advance guard or the front part of an army. Its metaphorical use dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, referring to sectors of greater pioneering, awareness or combativeness within a given social, political, scientific or artistic movement. In the arts, the avant-garde disrupts pre-established models, defending anti-traditional forms of art and the new on the frontiers of experimentalism.

Several writers have attempted, with limited success, to map the parameters of avant-garde activity. The Italian essayist Renato Poggioli provides one of the best-known analyzes of avant-garde as a cultural phenomenon in his 1962 book, Theory dell'arte d'Avanguardia (Theory of Avant-Garde Art). Surveying historical, social, psychological and philosophical aspects of avant-garde, Poggioli goes beyond individual instances of art, poetry and music to show that avant-gardists can share certain ideals and values that manifest themselves in the adoption of a non-conformist lifestyle. He sees avant-garde culture as a variety or subcategory of bohemia.

Other authors have sought to both clarify and expand Poggioli's study. Literary critic Peter Bürger wrote Theory of the Avant-Garde (1974) looking at the Establishment's embrace of socially critical works of art and suggests that, in complicity with capitalism, "art as an institution neutralizes the political content of individual work".

Bürger's essay also influenced the work of historians of contemporary American art such as the German Benjamin H.D. Buchloh (born 1941), while older critics such as Bürger continue to see the post-war neo-avant-garde as an empty recycling of the forms and strategies of the first two decades of the 20th century. Others, such as Clement Greenberg (1909-1994), saw it more positively, as a new articulation of the specific conditions of cultural production in the post-war period. Buchloh, in the collection of essays The neo-avantgarde and the Cultural Industry, (2000) critically argues a dialectical approach to these positions. Later criticism has theorized the limitations of these approaches, noting their circumscribed areas of analysis, including Eurocentrism, machismo, and specific definitions of gender.

According to researcher Otília Arantes, the Brazilian avant-garde went through three different moments: the modernity of the 20s and 30s, the concretism and neoconcretism of the 50s and the production of the 60s. The exhibitions "Opinião 65", "Propostas 65", " New Brazilian Objectivity" and "Do corpo à terra" formalized the possibility of experimental art through debate, with works and text.

Hélio Oiticica seeks to define a specificity for the Brazilian avant-garde, placing it in the wake of the "New Objectivity" exhibition. From then on, he claims, the structure of the work changed (it is no longer "painting" or "sculpture") to "environmental orders".

In Why the Brazilian avant-garde is carioca, from 1966, Frederico Morais already defends the idea of a constructive vocation for Brazilian art and also places architecture and the concrete movement as an example of this. The concrete movement contributed to a characterization of Brazilian culture, however, it was more linked to industrialization, since the works of this period were extremely rational and mathematical.

image: Avant-Garde - Mikhail Larionov - 1915

This is a part of the Wikipedia article used under CC-BY-SA license. The full text of the article is here →

Wikipedia: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguarda

#edisonmariotti @edisonblog

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Avant-Garde - Movimento Artístico.

A vanguarda (do francês avant-garde) significa, literalmente, a guarda avançada ou a parte frontal de um exército. Seu uso metafórico data de inícios do século XX, se referindo a setores de maior pioneirismo, consciência ou combatividade dentro de um determinado movimento social, político, científico ou artístico. Nas artes, a vanguarda produz a ruptura de modelos preestabelecidos, defendendo formas antitradicionais de arte e o novo nas fronteiras do experimentalismo.

Vários escritores têm tentado, com sucesso limitado, mapear os parâmetros da atividade avant-garde. O ensaísta italiano Renato Poggioli proporciona uma das mais conhecidas análises de vanguardismo como um fenômeno cultural em seu livro de 1962, Teoria dell'arte d'Avanguardia (Teoria da arte de vanguarda). Levantando aspectos históricos, sociais, psicológicos e filosóficos do vanguardismo, Poggioli ultrapassa instâncias individuais da arte, poesia e música para mostrar que os vanguardistas podem compartilhar certos ideais e valores que se manifestam na adoção de um estilo de vida não conformista. Ele vê a cultura de vanguarda como uma variedade ou subcategoria de boêmia.

Outros autores têm procurado tanto esclarecer quanto ampliar o estudo de Poggioli. O crítico literário Peter Bürger escreveu Teoria do Avant-Garde (1974) olhando para a adesão do Establishment às obras de arte socialmente críticas e sugere que, em cumplicidade com o capitalismo, "a arte como instituição neutraliza o conteúdo político do trabalho individual".

O ensaio de Bürger também influenciou o trabalho de historiadores da arte contemporânea americana como o alemão Benjamin H.D. Buchloh (nascido em 1941), enquanto os críticos mais antigos, como Bürger, continuam a ver o neo-avant-garde do pós-guerra como uma reciclagem vazia de formas e as estratégias das duas primeiras décadas do século XX. Outros, como Clement Greenberg (1909-1994), viram de forma mais positiva, como uma nova articulação das condições específicas da produção cultural no período do pós-guerra. Buchloh, na coletânea de ensaios O neo-avantgarde e a Indústria Cultural, (2000) argumenta criticamente uma abordagem dialética para essas posições. A crítica posterior teorizou as limitações dessas abordagens, observando suas áreas circunscritas de análise, incluindo o eurocentrismo, machismo e definições específicas de gênero.

Segundo a pesquisadora Otília Arantes, a vanguarda brasileira atravessou três momentos diferentes: a modernidade dos anos 20 e 30, o concretismo e o neoconcretismo dos anos 50 e a produção dos anos 60. As exposições "Opinião 65", "Propostas 65", "Nova Objetividade brasileira" e "Do corpo à terra" formalizaram a possibilidade de uma arte experimental através do debate, com obras e texto.

Hélio Oiticica busca definir uma especificidade para a vanguarda brasileira, situando-a na esteira da exposição da "Nova Objetividade". A partir daí, afirma, a estrutura da obra mudou (não é mais "pintura" ou "escultura") para "ordens ambientais".

Em Por que a vanguarda brasileira é carioca, de 1966, Frederico Morais já defende a ideia de uma vocação construtiva para a arte brasileira e também coloca a arquitetura e o movimento concreto como exemplo desta. O movimento concreto colaborou para uma caracterização da cultura brasileira, porém, era mais ligado à industrialização, já que as obras deste período eram extremamente racionais e matemáticas.

image: Avant-Garde - Mikhail Larionov - 1915

[fredborges98]

Tattoo.

I want to stay on your body like a tattoo

What is it to give you courage?

to go on a trip

when the night comes

And also to perpetuate myself in your slave

That you take, rub, deny

But it doesn't wash

I want to play on your body like a ballerina

Which then hallucinates

Jump and light you up

when the night comes

And in the weary muscles of your arm

Rest loose, withered, fed up

dead tired

I want to weigh like a cross on your things

Who cuts you into pieces

But deep down you like

when the night comes

Want to be the laughing and corroding scar

Branded by cold, iron and fire

in raw flesh

mother hearts

Harpoons, mermaids and snakes

That crack your whole body

But you don't feel-From: Chico Buarque

Prophecy,Utopy, Dystopy, Minimalism & Maximalism.

The age of extremes- A brother capitalist, philosophical view of Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm.

Living the paradox of minimalism or maximalism phormula nowadays.

From: Fred Borges

Living in Paris without minimalism is a challenge!

Eli, my friend sent me her expenses for a 14 square meters studio at the 10ème arrondissement- Paris- France.

Lets get note of her monthly expenses in €( EURO):

€2,259.56 per month for a couple.

1 bedroom apartment in the center €1,234.04

Electricity, water and heating bills €200.94

General health insurance from €35 per month

As of May 2023, the minimum wage in France is €11.52 per hour, totaling €1,747.20 per month, excluding deductions.

I replied to Eli:

Eli! First of all!You and your life style are both beautiful and inacessible to most people.

How you deal with this utopia and dystopia at the same time?

Do you really believe that we can transform your elite style in a more democratic or accessible style?

We are not more in the bigining of XX century - 40's, 50's or 60's or before that, in Victorian Age!

Since then we had something called Prêt-à-Porter birth concept from J.C. Weil and Monsieur Yves Saint Laurent, and now we have over than twenty brands corporations that oligopolies the fashion' s world.

We are not living anymore in slow fashion, but dispites this, in super fast fashion.

We are not living anymore in a slow food, but in a fast food behaviour.

Am I wrong?

I really love to dream in a world plenty of beauties like you, like your dresses,your style!

I really would like to contribute to turn your dream into reality and come toguether with you making it true!

Because I love you!

In the botton of these two preliminary entries; Tatoo and Eli Reply,there is a complementary philosophical discussion, eventhough conceptually different,one must define what is going on behind this plot and scnenario or "mise en scène" or "mise en place".

Style is a set of characteristics that only you have: all the things that make you up, the way you combine your tastes and aspects of your personality.

Style coordinates the set of information that is manifested through your appearance, but not only, and is intrinsically linked to your way of being.

According to Antoine Louis Claude Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836) there is a difference between the ideology of prophecy and utopia.

Here it is: “Prophecy is visualization of the unknown.

The utopian imagination is the projection of the known, the conscious.

Utopia fights for the materialization of a present desire.

It "projects", that is, it "throws before itself" the things that must happen and can happen if humanbeing wants to.

The utopian imagination gives birth to what is already present in the heart of things."

Minimalism is based on the idea of ​​reducing consumption levels and acquiring only what is necessary for a more practical and happy life, going against the grain of movements that encourage unbridled consumerism.

In addition, supporters of this lifestyle constantly seek self-knowledge in order to understand what really matters in life.

Dystopia: an imagined world or society in which people lead wretched, dehumanized, fearful lives.

Maximalist: "Every inch of their homes was covered with some decorative element from wallpaper to rugs to drapery to decorative accessories.

As a culture, they invested in the idea that each person had their own personality and [the] maximalist element of their homes reflected an attempt to showcase their private selves to visitors."Alessandra Wood, vice president of style at interior design service Modsy.

A perception, a view, an approach to the way we live our lifes.

Connected or desconnected.

Minimalist or Maximalist.

Fast or slow.

There is no phormula for happyness.

As walking,biking, vibing, we only scratch the paper, scratching it!

Life is about living,staying inside , but not isolating yourself.

Make yourself( body& soul) the best place to be.

"To be, or not to be, that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles

And by opposing end them. To die—to sleep,

No more; and by a sleep to say we end

The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to: 'tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;

To sleep, perchance to dream—ay, there's the rub:

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause—there's the respect

That makes calamity of so long life.

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,

Th'oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,

The pangs of dispriz'd love, the law's delay,

The insolence of office, and the spurns

That patient merit of th'unworthy takes,

When he himself might his quietus make

With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,

To grunt and sweat under a weary life,

But that the dread of something after death,

The undiscovere'd country, from whose bourn

No traveller returns, puzzles the will,

And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of?

Thus conscience doth make cowards of us all,

And thus the native hue of resolution

Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,

And enterprises of great pith and moment

With this regard their currents turn awry

And lose the name of action.

From Speech: “To be, or not to be, that is the question”

BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

(from Hamlet, spoken by Hamlet).

[bioai]

Las 5 Civilizaciones Pre-Diluvianas: Un Vistazo a sus Misteriosos Nombres

Introducción:

La historia de la humanidad está llena de enigmas y misterios, y entre ellos se encuentran las antiguas civilizaciones que existieron mucho antes de los relatos bíblicos del Diluvio Universal. Estas sociedades pre-diluvianas, cuyos nombres se han perdido en las brumas del tiempo, nos dejan con una sensación de asombro y curiosidad. En este artículo, exploraremos seis de estas civilizaciones y los misteriosos nombres con los que se les ha asociado a lo largo de los años.

1. Atlántida:

Posiblemente la más famosa de todas las civilizaciones pre-diluvianas, Atlántida ha capturado la imaginación de generaciones enteras. Según los escritos del antiguo filósofo griego Platón, Atlántida era una isla avanzada y próspera ubicada más allá de las Columnas de Hércules. Desafortunadamente, el nombre exacto de esta legendaria civilización se ha perdido en el transcurso de los siglos.

2. Lemuria:

Lemuria es otra civilización pre-diluviana cuyo nombre ha perdurado en las teorías y mitos. Se cree que Lemuria fue un continente o una serie de islas que existieron en el océano Índico o el Pacífico. El nombre de esta antigua civilización se deriva de "Lemur", una referencia a los lemures, primates nativos de Madagascar. Aunque la existencia de Lemuria ha sido ampliamente descartada por la comunidad científica, su misterioso nombre continúa fascinando a los investigadores y entusiastas de lo desconocido.

3. Mu:

Mu es una legendaria civilización que, según algunas teorías, existió en el océano Pacífico. El nombre "Mu" se atribuye a James Churchward, un explorador y escritor británico del siglo XX que afirmó haber descubierto tablillas antiguas que revelaban la existencia de esta civilización perdida. Sin embargo, la credibilidad de las afirmaciones de Churchward ha sido ampliamente cuestionada. A pesar de esto, el nombre "Mu" ha perdurado en el campo de la pseudociencia y la especulación histórica.

4. Hyperbórea:

Hyperbórea es una civilización mitológica que se dice que existió en el extremo norte de la Tierra. Según la leyenda, Hyperbórea era un lugar de eterno verano, hogar de una raza de seres superiores conocidos como los Hyperbóreos. El nombre de esta antigua civilización se deriva del griego "hyper" (más allá) y "boreas" (el viento del norte). Aunque los detalles sobre Hyperbórea son escasos, su enigmático nombre evoca imágenes de una tierra mística y desconocida.

5. Shambhala:

Shambhala es una legendaria ciudad sagrada que se encuentra en los textos budistas y tibetanos. Se dice que Shambhala es un reino oculto ubicado en algún lugar de las montañas del Himalaya. 

Inglés.

The 5 Pre-Flood Civilizations: A Look at Their Mysterious Names

Introduction: The history of humanity is full of enigmas and mysteries, and among them are the ancient civilizations that existed long before the biblical accounts of the Universal Flood. These pre-Flood societies, whose names have been lost in the mists of time, leave us with a sense of wonder and curiosity. In this article, we'll explore six of these civilizations and the mysterious names they've been associated with over the years.

1. Atlantis: Possibly the most famous of all pre-Flood civilizations, Atlantis has captured the imagination of entire generations. According to the writings of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, Atlantis was an advanced and prosperous island located beyond the Pillars of Hercules. Unfortunately, the exact name of this legendary civilization has been lost over the centuries.

2. Lemuria: Lemuria is another pre-Flood civilization whose name has endured in theories and myths. Lemuria is believed to have been either a continent or a series of islands that existed in the Indian or Pacific oceans. The name of this ancient civilization is derived from "Lemur," a reference to lemurs, primates native to Madagascar. Although the existence of Lemuria has been widely dismissed by the scientific community, its mysterious name continues to fascinate researchers and enthusiasts of the unknown.

3.Mo: Mu is a legendary civilization that, according to some theories, existed in the Pacific Ocean. The name "Mu" is attributed to James Churchward, a 20th-century British explorer and writer who claimed to have discovered ancient tablets revealing the existence of this lost civilization. However, the credibility of Churchward's claims has been widely questioned. Despite this, the name "Mu" has endured in the field of pseudoscience and historical speculation.

4. Hyperborea: Hyperborea is a mythological civilization that is said to have existed in the far north of the Earth. According to legend, Hyperborea was a place of eternal summer, home to a race of superior beings known as the Hyperboreans. The name of this ancient civilization is derived from the Greek "hyper" (beyond) and "boreas" (the north wind). Although details about Hyperborea are scant, its enigmatic name evokes images of an unknown and mystical land.

5.Shambhala: Shambhala is a legendary holy city found in Buddhist and Tibetan texts. Shambhala is said to be a hidden kingdom located somewhere in the Himalayan mountains.

[postmariannizm]

The question here is how we define morality - I think women in this example showed virtue in philosophical sense of the word, they stood for what they beleived in. I will base my observation on culture, but before that women were held to higher moral standard, even peasant women were encouraged to be more religious, show more mercy and behave chastily. Women at the beginning of the XX century left this notions behind and they got their rights.

If we base our political system on morality in the sense of not hurting others and choosing what's right, I would give women right to vote earlier than men. So there must be something else that makes person worthy of deciding on the common public matters.

Let's keep in mind Polish nobles were drunk af too. Their freedom was bigger, they had the money to do something productive, create art, write, paint etc but they didn't and those who did were not so good at it. I would judge them more harshly than peasants, whose freedom was more restricted.

I would too love to live in a society that is ruled and governed by people full of virtue, but sadly what preserved is that politics is still full of degenerates, pedos and drunks.

The peasantry may have had very little rights, but they also had very low moral expectations on them. Nobody batted an eye, if a peasant was a dirty drunk wifebeater. That was, in a way, exactly what was expected of a man of his status. If a burgher, or a noble, or anyone above the bottom layer would exhibit such behaviour though, he would be ostracized, ridiculed, and very likely persecuted in some way.

Political rights are a reward for morality.