#William Duke of Normand

[blueiscoool]

1,000-Year-Old Norman Conquest Coin Hoard Sells for $5.6 Million

A hoard of Norman-era silver coins unearthed five years ago in southwestern England has become Britain’s most valuable treasure find ever, after it was bought for £4.3 million ($5.6 million) by a local heritage trust.

For the group of seven metal detectorists who discovered the 2,584 silver pennies in the Chew Valley area, about 11 miles south of the city of Bristol, it marks a lucrative windfall since they will pocket half that sum. The landowner on whose property the coins were found will receive the other half.

According to South West Heritage Trust, the body that acquired them, the coins date from around 1066-1068, spanning one of the most turbulent periods in English history as the country was successfully invaded for the last time during the Norman Conquest.

One coin, the oldest in the hoard, depicts King Edward the Confessor, who died childless in January 1066, triggering a period of instability since he had promised the throne to three claimants: Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex; Harald Hardrada, King of Norway; and William, Duke of Normandy.

Edward named Harold Godwinson as his successor on his deathbed, but the newly crowned King Harold II faced challenges from the other two claimants to the throne, and he was eventually defeated by William at the Battle of Hastings in October 1066.

The hoard of coins depicts this turmoil as Harold II features on just under half of them while William I (also known as William the Conqueror) features on the rest.

“It comes from a turning point in English history and it encapsulates the change from Saxon to Norman rule,” Amal Khreisheh, curator of archaeology at South West Heritage Trust, said in a video on the organization’s website.

“The hoard was buried in around 1067-1068 on an estate in Chew Valley which later belonged to Giso, the Bishop of Wells. We think it was probably buried for safekeeping during the time of rebellions against William in the South West.

“We know that in 1068, the people of Exeter rebelled against William. At around this time, Harold’s sons returned from exile in Ireland and their forces mounted attacks around the River Avon and then down into Somerset and the Chew Valley,” Khreisheh added.

Finding coins that were in use almost 1,000 years ago is exceptionally rare – this hoard contains twice as many coins from during Harold II’s reign as had previously been found.

The coins will now go on public display at the British Museum in London from November 26, before heading back to museums in southwest England.

[normandie-s]

Hic Willelm Dux

[astrognossienne]

the star analyses...so far

the actors

ira aldridge

eddie “rochester” anderson

fatty arbuckle

humphrey bogart

marlon brando

charlie chaplin

montgomery clift

gary cooper  

sammy davis, jr.

james dean

errol flynn  

clark gable

cary grant

william haines 

juano hernández

rock hudson

rex ingram

canada lee

harold lloyd

robert mitchum  

tom neal

ramón novarro

laurence olivier

gregory peck

lincoln perry

sidney poitier

anthony quinn 

paul robeson

frank sinatra 

rudolph valentino

john wayne

orson welles

the actresses

lauren bacall

josephine baker

theda bara

brigitte bardot

ingrid bergman  

clara bow

louise brooks

diahann carroll

joan crawford

dorothy dandridge

bette davis

doris day

dolores del río

marlene dietrich

peg entwistle

maría félix

greta garbo

ava gardner

lillian gish 

gloria grahame

jean harlow

susan hayward  

rita hayworth

audrey hepburn 

lena horne

grace kelly

eartha kitt

veronica lake

hedy lamarr

carole landis

vivien leigh

carole lombard

jayne mansfield

hattie mcdaniel

marilyn monroe

mabel normand

merle oberon

barbara payton  

gail russell

norma shearer

barbara stanwyck

olive thomas  

gene tierney

lupe vélez

fredi washington

natalie wood 

loretta young     

the couples

annabella + tyrone power

bogie + bacall

frank + ava

frida kahlo + diego rivera  

gable + lombard 

john + yoko

oj + nicole brown simpson

viv + larry

the rivalries

bette davis vs. joan crawford

inspirations + muses

joyce bryant

gia carangi

coco chanel  

beloved public figures

jacqueline kennedy onassis

john f. kennedy  

princess diana

the notable + infamous

david bacon

susan cabot

shauna grant

dorothy hale

hugh hefner

athalia pondsell lindsley

donyale luna

anjette lyles

marquis de sade

niccolo machiavelli

evelyn mchale

evelyn nesbit

adam clayton powell, jr.

philippa schuyler   

literary figures

jack kerouac

musicians + artists

louis armstrong

syd barrett

maria callas

katherine dunham

duke ellington

ella fitzgerald

marvin gaye

jimi hendrix

billie holiday

whitney houston

frida kahlo

john lennon

keith moon

edith piaf  

hazel scott

selena

tupac shakur

tammi terrell 

yoko ono 

special analyses

cancer men and suicide

[mayhemxmugglesxmagic]

Headcanon – The Malfoy Family (Pre- English History, Viking Lineage, etc.)

TL;DR The Malfoy’s have Viking heritage due to their connections to William the Conqueror and Rollo (The first Duke of Normandy), and as such Draco would find ancient runes easier than most, as well as certain forms of divination and wandless spell casting using the earth as conduit , which due to my past headcanons works out great as his birth chart is heavily influenced by the element of earth -- fight me

We know that the Malfoy’s came to the UK with William the Conqueror and were given land due to their actions during his campaign to conquer England. The idea that the Malfoy’s are French comes from this, and the fact the sir name is French -- translating to ‘Bad Faith’. However, due to their connections to William the Conqueror we know they weren’t any old kind of French, they were Norman. 

The Normans were an ethnic group that arose from contact between Norse Viking settlers and those already inhabiting a region of France that would become Normandy. This all happened over a long period of time but was set in stone when the Viking leader Rollo agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia in 911 AD. The intermingling of Norse settlers and native Franks in Normandy produced a cultural "Norman" identity in the first half of the 10th century, an identity which continued to evolve over the centuries into the culture William the Conqueror and Armand Malfoy would have known before leaving for England. 

Lets’s talk about William the Conqueror for a minute, also known as King William I, or William the Bastard. William was the son of the unmarried Robert I, Duke of Normandy, by his mistress Herleva. His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father at the age of seven. Now we know young nobles tend to be pawns and William not only had to deal with those around him using him, but also many attempts on his life. It’s completely possible that it was during this time Armand Malfoy met and befriended the young Duke by helping him quash rebellions and establish his authority over the duchy, a process that was not complete until about 1060 due to infighting between the Norman aristocracy who wished to control William.

Through Marriage and consolidation of power over religious centers, and war he expanded his control, and to many seemed unstoppable -- a Viking in all but name. 

Now back to the Malfoy’s (who due to their coloring we can assume are very much likely descendant from this ethnic group and as such have Viking heritage ), and this idea of the Normans as an ethnic and cultural group descended from the Franks and Vikings -- specifically linked to the Viking leader Rollo. Rollo sometimes referred to as the First Duke of Normandy was an outstanding warrior among the Norsemen and secured a permanent foothold on Frankish soil in the valley of the lower Seine. This was then given to Rollo by King Charles III of West Francia in exchange for Rollo agreeing to end his brigandage, and provide the Franks with protection against future Viking raids. 

Rollo’s place of birth is almost definitely located in the region of Scandinavia, although it is uncertain whether he is Danish or Norwegian (though many sources lean heavily on him being a misplaced Danish nobleman we fled to Norway with his family) and as such many of his followers and fellow Vikings were from the same area he was born. The first historical reference we have of Rollo is a failed siege of Paris in 885–886. Afterward he retreated and would return to raid and cause general chaos. 

I suggest that the Malfoy’s, at that time known by a different name were in league with Rollo. After retreating from Paris, Rollo returned to Norway to gather more support, supplies, and men. It was there he found a wizard -- dying to advance his position and family, to prove himself. This wizard would help Rollo and follow him through the next phases of his life and be rewarded. The family eventually gaining a low level place in what would become the Norman court. 

It’s important to note that in many Viking cultures the practice of magic was considered to be mostly feminine in nature, though men did practice it was well. However, when they did it was possible a social taboo, known as ergi ( denoting effeminacy or other unmanly behavior) would follow them, and they were sometimes persecuted as a result. As such this member of the family that would eventually become the Malfoy’s was either a respected witch (a religious leader in the community), or a Wizard with very little left to lose in the eyes of the other men around him. 

The family would eventually gain the name Malfoy -- or ‘bad faith’ after their part in a failed coup or plot involving one of Rollo’s descendants such as his son or grandson, William Longsword or Richard I. This would leave the Malfoy’s on the outskirts of the court and highly suspected if not outs completely. Leaving the duty of restoring the families good graces on the shoulders of Armand Malfoy in the 11th century who seeing a bastard boy (slightly younger than him) as the only heir to the Duchy took his chance. That chance secured the Malfoy fortune and place in society through successful conquest after successful conquest. 

In short -- the Malfoy’s descend from an opportunistic magic norseman and as such their magic would be much better suited to magic linked to viking or Normand heritage such as Runestones, or seiðr (a practice of believed to be a form of magic relating to both the telling and shaping of the future involving visionary journeys, chanting of spells, and hexing one’s enemies using the earth as a conduit. It was a practice believed to be able to be used for great good or evil, as well as for daily guidance).

It’s also interesting to note the Vikings practiced cultural assimilation within the areas they settled -- they adapted to survive and thrive, a trait the Malfoy family prides themselves on. 

[girl-with-a-quill]

CHAPTER 7 Notes-The Journey To Us

These are the notes for Chapter 7, chapter that you can find here: 

https://archiveofourown.org/works/8273341/chapters/37275146

NAME ORIGINS (with a side of head canons):

Ife: a name common in Ethiopia, meaning ‘Love’

Halima: A name with Arabic roots that means ‘gentle and humane’. Halima is part of the Omo tribe, within the Boudalan, who descended from the Ethiopian contingent. They adopted part of the traditional clothes the real-life Hamer tribe from the Omo River valley, since this is what the performers trapped with them were using. Halima doesn’t know, but she is a direct descendant of the kind Captain Ife Salim, whose name was later used as a title for the advisor and ‘second’ of the Gen. The Ife’s main function is to remind the Gen of the core values of their people when she has to make hard decisions, particularly those relating to fairness and solidarity.

Faizah: A name with Arabic roots that means ‘victorious’. The current Gen was fierce since she was a child and is considered a mighty warrior who has won many battles.  

Nuru: An Ethiopian name that means ‘born during the day’, but in this iteration of my made up ndeshonasleng it means more like ‘the awakened one’. Like all Blinkas who inherit the strange extra-sensorial perception abilities passed down from the group that came out of a lab in Delphi (chapter 6), she had the milky film on her eyes when she was born, so her mother named her accordingly. Her father was from the MasMas tribe (descendants of the Maasai dancers and the Kenyan contingent) and her mother was Ndeshona (the Zimbabweans), so she wears the blue and yellow colors of her mothers’ tribe (that Ndebele women still use today).

Nyanga: what spiritual healers are called by the Zulu. In Zimbabwe, the Shona call them N’anga, but it’s pronounced similarly. Nuru is the Blinka of the Boudalan and was trained as such just like Sybil, but also carries out many of the customs a Nyanga would have (the closest equivalent would be a shaman).

Gen: the real word for leader the Boudalan kru uses is ‘Ishe’ which means chief and Lexa used to address her at first, but the people kept the nickname Gen in reference to their first leader, the General of the peacekeepers.

 RANDOM TRIVIA STUFF:

Ndeshonasleng: The ndeshonasleng is a made-up language for this story, though it stems primarily from Shona and Ndebele spoken in Zimbabwe, with some Swahili, common English and the weird English the Subjects created mixed in. My headcanon is that with time, the different languages merged a bit, with Shona and Ndebele being the most predominant since those were the languages the General and the historian/cultural attaché spoke. The latter in particular would’ve made a conscious effort to keep their history, culture & languages alive by teaching the children that were born. She would’ve ended up using her own languages more often, though obviously the others (Swahili, Arabic, Oromo) became a part of it. It’s supposed to be a bit of a fusion but also borrowed some linguistic structure from Trigeda if that makes sense? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯  LOL

Ishe Komborera: The Ishe Komborera Africa song they sing when they arrive at the mine is a song that was the national anthem of about 5 or 6 countries in Africa at different times, so it’s a very recognizable tune, regardless of what language they sing it in. Due to my parents job, I lived in Zimbabwe a couple of years when I was a tiny kid and used to sing this almost daily at school. It’s the only words of Shona I kinda remember, lol Here is how it sounds (with the most hilariously random video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTjurMoqdYE

Libraries, maps, roads and knowledge in the ancient world:

Records: When William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, conquered England in the 1066 and became its king, he later commissioned the Domesday Book, a massive survey that recorded the population and ownership of every piece of land in England. Not unlike Lexa’s effort to map and create registries of everything in the Coalition. The Egyptians and the Romans were other civilizations that rose to such heights in part because of their almost obsessive and meticulous organization and effort to keep record of things: land, population, crops, etc.

Maps: The same crazy Normands eventually also were behind the famous Tabula Rogeriana, which was a world map with descriptions of each territory, created by the Arab geographer, Muhammad al-Idrisi, in 1154. Al-Idrisi worked on the commentaries and illustrations of the map for fifteen years at the court of the Norman King Roger II of Sicily. The text incorporates exhaustive descriptions of the physical, cultural, political and socioeconomic conditions of each region and each of the seventy sections has a corresponding map. It was a compilation of maps of the known world that remained the most accurate for 300 yrs! So what Lexa did in the previous chapter and is briefly mentioned here, with mapping out all the clans and lands, is not at all impossible and in the tradition of great visionaries.

Libraries: Ancient Egyptians wanted the Library of Alexandria to house all human knowledge and to do that, they did some pretty crazy things. They invited and funded scholars from Greece and elsewhere to come live there so they could produce more manuscripts. They made a law that all ships docking in Alexandria had to turn over all books aboard, so they could be copied by the scribes and then they would return the copies and keep the originals, lol. They hired book hunters to sail all over the Mediterranean to find more books to bring back. They even stopped exporting papyrus to other countries so only they could centralize the making of more manuscripts and scrolls! Also, the library not only housed scrolls, but also had lecture halls and classrooms, as it was a center for learning and producing knowledge. They did all this in 283 BC, that’s 2,300 years ago! Though the ancient library is gone, they built a new one on its supposed site and its magical. I went there once and had a super nerd-gasm.

Egyptians not only had the greatest library in the ancient world, with the library of Alexandria, but they also had a place called the House of Life. It was where priests learned to read and write, the place where scribes were trained, and where the children of the rich and the elite went to school to learn economics, law, astronomy, geography, mathematics. It was where the interpretation of dreams was taught. And, it was where papyrus with medical texts were housed and medical students would be taught by head healers, priests and scribes. You had to be a scribe first to a be a doctor, and they had both male and female doctors, mind you. I only recently found out about this House of Life, looking for examples that could demonstrate that the Library in Polis, the Keeper of Words, the scribes and judges training in Delphi, all that, could be plausible in less ‘advanced’ civilizations like the grounders if we were doing this way back in the day!

Roads: The via romana was the network of roads built by the ancient Romans throughout their history, some of which was so well built, parts of it still exists in many places throughout Europe and all the way to the Middle East. At its peak, there were 29 military highways radiating from the capital, and the late Empire's 113 provinces were interconnected by 372 great roads. The whole comprised more than 400,000 kilometres of roads, of which over 80,500 kilometres were stone-paved. It’s where the expression ‘all roads lead to Rome’ kinda came from. If the Romans can do it, so can Lexa! p.s. the map bellow just shows the main roads (during Hadrian’s period) to give you an idea of the enormous scale of the whole thing.

Boudalan cities: they’re inspired by the style of construction of Great Zimbabwe, the amazing 11th century city that was the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe for about 3 centuries, built by the ancestral Shona. Because the peacekeepers were in a mine with rocks and mining instruments, they used what they had to build the wall of their first ‘bunker’ and given that Amos, their engineer, was of Zimbabwean heritage, he used it as inspiration for the settlement they built after outside and then that became their style or sorts. Except even more grand given his knowledge of modern engineering, etc. At least, that is my head canon.

CheMin: The CheMin, short for Chemistry and Mineralogy, is an instrument on current Curiosity rover on Mars. It identifies and quantifies the minerals present in rocks and soil. It can tell if there was water involved in their formation, deposition, or alteration, and also to find potential mineral biosignatures or indicators for past habitable environments (where life could have existed basically). At least, that’s what google tells me. What do I know?!

XRD: It’s an instrument that uses X-ray powder diffraction to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal without destroying it to do so. It would be the type of thing that is used to determine if it’s a carbon-based crystal, for example, though I don’t know if portable ones exist.

Mines: You know there is an actual Mine Museum in Butte, Montana. So if there is ever a nuclear apocalypse and you’re in the vicinity, you might try your luck hunkering down there LOL😂

[aurora-dioramas]

Medieval Norman Castle A (25mm 1:72 scale Plastic Model)

Medieval Norman Castle A (25mm 1:72 scale Plastic Model) Details: The Norman Castle A set consists of 13 segments, as follows: 3 corner left towers (short); 1 corner right tower (short); 2 middle towers left; 1 middle tower right; 5 wall segments; and 1 wall gate; History: The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; French: Normands; Latin: Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Franks and Gallo-Romans. The term is also used to denote emigrants from the duchy who conquered other territories such as England and Sicily. The Norse settlements in West Francia followed a series of raids on the French northern coast mainly from Denmark, although some also sailed from Norway and Sweden. Said settlements were finally legitimized when Rollo, a Scandinavian viking leader, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia following the siege of Chartres in 911 AD. The intermingling in Normandy produced an ethnic and cultural "Norman" identity in the first half of the 10th century, an identity which continued to evolve over the centuries. The Norman dynasty had a major political, cultural and military impact on medieval Europe and the Near East. The Normans were historically famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Catholic piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy of the Romance community. The original Norse settlers adopted the Gallo-Romance language of the Frankish land they settled, with their Old Norman dialect becoming known as Norman, Normaund or Norman French, an important literary language which is still spoken today in parts of mainland Normandy (Cotentinais and Cauchois dialects) and the nearby Channel Islands (Jèrriais and Guernésiais). The Duchy of Normandy, which arose from the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, was a great fief of medieval France. The Norman dukes exercised independent control of their holdings in Normandy, while at the same time being vassals owing fealty to the King of France, and under Richard I of Normandy (byname "Richard sans Peur" meaning "Richard the Fearless") the Duchy was forged into a cohesive and formidable principality in feudal tenure. By the end of his reign in 996, the descendants of the Norse settlers "had become not only Christians but in all essentials Frenchmen. They had adopted the French language, French legal ideas, and French social customs, and had practically merged with the Frankish or Gallic population among whom they lived".Between 1066 and 1204, as a result of the Norman conquest of England, most of the kings of England were also dukes of Normandy. In 1204, Philip II of France seized mainland Normandy by force of arms, having earlier declared the Duchy of Normandy to be forfeit to him. It remained disputed territory until the Treaty of Paris of 1259, when the English sovereign ceded his claim to the Duchy, except for the Channel Islands. In the present day, the Channel Islands (the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey) are considered to be officially the last remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, and are not part of the United Kingdom but are instead self-governing Crown Dependencies. The Normans are noted both for their culture, such as their unique Romanesque architecture and musical traditions, and for their significant military accomplishments and innovations. Norman adventurers played a role in founding the Kingdom of Sicily under Roger II after briefly conquering southern Italy and Malta from the Saracens and Byzantines, and an expedition on behalf of their duke, William the Conqueror, led to the Norman conquest of England at the historic Battle of Hastings in 1066. Norman and Anglo-Norman forces contributed to the Iberian Reconquista from the early eleventh to the mid-thirteenth centuries. Norman cultural and military influence spread from these new European centres to the Crusader states of the Near East, where their prince Bohemond I founded the Principality of Antioch in the Levant, to Scotland and Wales in Great Britain, to Ireland, and to the coasts of north Africa and the Canary Islands. The legacy of the Normans persists today through the regional languages and dialects of France, England, Spain, Quebec and Sicily, and also through the various cultural, judicial, and political arrangements they introduced in their conquered territories. Sourc: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normans Era: Medieval Dark Ages Description: This 3D Printed model represents an historically accurate facsimile at a scale that one can use for diorama making, model train railroad scenery, war gaming terrain, or creative projects. Quality: Before selling a 3D print, we make a series of test prints at different model scales to ensure quality, and print reliability. In addition, we print each 3D model using the same resin or PLA plastic brand every time for consistent and repeatable results. Scale: 25mm figure height (1:72 scale) Type: 3D Printed Models: unpainted 3D Printed models for you to customize and integrate into your wargame tables, model railroad displays or other artistic and creative projects. License: This is a licensed 3D Printed Model designed by 3D-Print-Terrain (www.3dprintterrain.de) all rights reserved. Read the full article

[angel-princess-anna]

Downton Abbey - References to Historical Figures + References to Other Fictional Characters and Works

The following are two lists; one are real people who where mentioned on Downton Abbey, and the other is fictional characters and works that were also mentioned in the show. I complied these two lists together (because sometimes I had to research what was indeed being referenced!). As I didn’t know if I’d ever been sharing these lists, I don’t have the episode numbers listed out, but they do go in order by mention.

Real Historical Figures Mentioned in Downton

* means that the person was not contemporary of the characters and there for famous or well-known to them. Others without it may not be known personally by them, but are their contemporaries. Some of these have made it to the character list, if for sure they did indeed know the Crawleys, or other any other major character.

- Lucy Rothes (Titanic survivor, friend of the Crawleys) - John Jacob "JJ" Astor (business man who died on Titanic, friend of the Crawleys) - Madeleine Astor (not mentioned by name, but as JJ's wife, Titanic survivor, Cora did not like her) - Sir Christopher Wren* (architect, designed the Dower House) - David Lloyd George (politician and Prime Minister starting in 1916) - William the Conqueror* - Mark Twain* (author) - Queen Mary (wife of King George V) [mentioned in S1, appears in S4CS] - Queen Catherine of Aragon* - Oliver Cromwell* - Bishop Richard de Warren* - Anthony Trollope* (author; he would have been somewhat contemporary, died in 1882) - Piero della Francesca* (painter) - Franz Anton Mesmer* (scientist) - Thomas Jefferson* (politician, inventor, third president of the United States) - Léon Bakst (Russian painter and scene- and costume designer) - Sergei Diaghilev (another Russian artist) - Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry (sounds like the Crawleys did attend her parties from time to time) - Emily Davison (suffragist) - Herbert Henry "H.H." Asquith (politician and Prime Minister until 1916) - Kaiser Wilheim (ruler of Germany; Sir Anthony personally visited him a few times) - Vincenzo Bellini* (composer) - Gioachino Rossini* (composer) - Giacomo Puccini* (composer) - Karl Marx* (philosopher) - John Ruskin*  (social thinker and artist; he would have been somewhat contemporary, died in 1900) - John Stuart Mill* (philosopher) - Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria - Guy Fawkes* - Gavrilo Princip (member of the Black Hand and Franz Ferdinand's assassin) - H.G. Wells (author) - Major General B. Burton - Heinrich Schliemann* (German businessman archaeologist, died in 1890; deleted scene mention) - General Douglas Haig (later a field marshal) - Belshazzar* (King of Babylon) - Mabel Normand (actress) - Plantagenets* - Eugene Suter (hair stylist) - Alexander Kerensky (Russian political leader) - Vladimir Lenin (Russian communist revolutionary) - Florence Nightingale* (nurse; died 1910) - Czar Nicholas II and the Romanov family (ruler of Russia) - Jack Robinson (footballer; he stopped playing in 1912) - Frederick Marryat* (author) - George Alfred "G.A." Henty* (author; he would have been somewhat contemporary, died in 1902) - Maximilien Robespierre* (French revolutionary) - Marie Antoinette* (French queen) - Erich Lundendorff (German commander) - Sylvia Pankhurst (suffragist) - Jack Johnson (boxer) - Commander Harold Lowe (Fifth Officer of the Titanic; if P. Gordon was really Patrick, he would have known him personally) - Theda Bara (actress) - Robert Burns* (poet, read by Bates; name is not uttered on screen, but it is clear on book cover) - Jules Verne* (author; he would have been somewhat contemporary, died in 1905) - Marion Harris (singer of "Look for the Silver Lining"; name is not uttered on screen) - Edward Shortt (Home Secretary from 1919-1922) - Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of York (one of the first actual historical figures in the show; married Matthew and Mary, visited Downton Abbey for dinner) - King George V (king of England) [mentioned in S3E1, appears in S4CS] - Charles Melville Hays (president of the Grand Trunk Railway that Robert invested in; died on the Titanic) - Robert Baden-Powell (founder of the Boy Scouts) - Lady Maureen Dufferin (socialite, friend of the Crawleys) - Georges Auguste Escoffier (famous chef and restaurateur) - Marie-Antoine Carême* (famous chef) - Queen of Sheba* - Napoleon Bonaparte* - The Bourbons* - The Buffs* (famous army regiment; "steady the Buffs" popularized by Kipling) - Croesus* (king of ancient Lydia; mention several times starting in S3 and through S4) - Thomas Edwin "Tom" Mix (Wild West picture star) - Dr. Samuel Johnson* (English writer; quote paraphrased by Carson) - Jean Patou (dress designer; maker of Edith's S3 wedding dress in-show) - Lucy Christiana, Lady Duff-Gordon (dress designer of "Lucille"; a survivor of the Titanic) - The Marlboroughs (famous family; mentioned like the Crawleys knew them personally, Sir Anthony did) - The Hapburgs* (rulers of the Holy Roman Empire) - Maud Gonne (English-born Irish revolutionary) - Isabella Augusta, Lady Gregory (Irish revolutionary) - Constance Georgine Markievicz, Countess Markievicz (Irish revolutionary and politician) - Lady Sarah Wilson (née Churchill) (female war correspondent) - Gwendolen Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk  (real person and friend of Violet's) - Pope Benedict XV - Lillian Gish (actress) - Ivy Close (actress) - Alfred the Great* (9th century ruler of England) - Oscar Wilde* (author; he would have been somewhat contemporary, died in 1900) - Nathaniel Hawthorne* (author) - Charles Ponzi - Walter Scott* (author) - Charles Dickens* (author) - Virgina Woolf (author, one of the first actual historical figures in the show, was not actually mentioned though, just a background guest at Gregson's party) - Roger Fry (artist, one of the first actual historical figures in the show, was not actually mentioned though, just a background guest at Gregson's party) - Sir Garnet Wolseley* - Phyllis Dare (singer and actress) - Zena Dare (singer and actress, sister to Phyllis) - Maurice Vyner Baliol Brett (the second son of the 2nd Viscount Esher, Zena Dare's husband) - King Canute* (Cnut the Great, norse king) - Nellie Melba (opera singer, one of the few actual historical figures in the show) - Al Jolson (singer) - Christina Rossetti* (poet) - Marie Stopes (feminist doctor and author of Married Love) - George III* (ruler of England) - Lord Byron* - Arsène Avignon (chef at Ritz in London, actual historical figure in the show) - Louis Diat (chef at Ritz in New York) - Jules Gouffé* (famous chef) - King of Sweden (whoever it was when Violet's husband was alive) - Rudolph Valentino (actor) - Agnes Ayres (actress) - Lord Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington* (Lord Chancellor and abolitionist) - Albert B. Fall (US senator and Secretary of the Interior) - King Ludwig* (I’m assuming of Bavaria) - John Ward MP (liberal politician, actual historical figure in the show) - Admiral John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe (Royal Navy, Blake and Tony served under him) - Benjamin Baruch Ambrose (bandleader at the Embassy Club, his band appears on-screen but it's not pointed out who he is) - The Prince of Wales (David, who became Edward VIII when King) - Freda Dudley Ward (socialite and mistress of the above) - The Queen of Naples* - Wat Tyler* (leader of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt in England) - Edmond Hoyle* (writer of card rules) - Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Minister Jan-Nov 1924) - Archimedes* - Boudicca* (Queen of the British Iceni tribe) - Rosa Luxemburg (Revolutionary) - Charles I* - Douglas Fairbanks (movie star) - Jack Hylton (English band leader) - Edward Molyneux (fashion designer; Cora has a fitting with him in S5E3) - The Brontë Sisters* (Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, all authors. Anne's work The Tenant of Wildfell Hall was the charade answer in S2CS.) - Leo Tolstoy* (author) - Nikolai Gogol* (author) - Elinor Glyn (author of romantic fiction) - Czar Alexander II - Prince Alfred (son of Queen Victoria) - Grand Duchess Maria (wife of Alfred, daughter of the czar) - Peter Carl Fabergé (Russian jeweller) - Ralph Kerr (officer in the Royal Navy; Mabel mentions a man by this name as a friend) - Keir Hardie (Scottish socialist, died in 1915) - The Moonella Group (formed a nudist colony in 1924 in Wickford, Essex) - John Singer Sargent (American painter, died in 1925) - Rudyard Kipling (author and poet - often quoted starting in S1, but first mentioned by name in S5) - Mary Augusta Ward (Mrs. Humphrey Ward - author; I'm not adding her to the character list, died in 1920) - Adolf Hitler - Pola Negri (film star) - John Barrymore (actor [Drew Barrymore's grandfather]) - King Richard the III (of England)* - Hannah Rothschild and Lord Rosebery (British socialites Violet knew; Hannah died in 1890) - General Reginald Dyer - Lytton Strachey (supposedly was at Gregson's party) - Niccolo Machiavelli* - Adrienne Bolland (aviatrix) - The Fife Princesses (as listed by Sir Michael Reresby) - Duke of Arygll (as listed by Sir Michael Reresby) - The Queen of Spain (as listed by Sir Michael Reresby) - Lady Eltham (Dorothy Isabel Westenra Hastings) - King John* - Neville Chamberlain (Minister of Health in 1925, later Prime Minister; appears on-screen in S6E5) - Anne de Vere Cole (Neville Chamberlain's wife. Fictitiously, she is Robert's father's goddaughter. Her father is mentioned has having served in the Crimean War with Robert's) - Horace de Vere Cole (Anne de Vere Cole's brother) - Joshua Reynolds* (painter) - George Romney* (painter) - Franz Xaver Winterhalter* (painter) - Sir Charles Barry* (real architect of Highclere, cited here as one as Downton Abbey) - Tsar Nicholas I* - Teo (or Tiaa)* - Amenhotep II* - Tuthmosis IV* - King Charles* - Clara Bow (actress) [To my knowledge, the Ripon election candidates in S1E6 were not real people, as were not always the case for military personnel Robert referred to.] Fictional Characters and Works Mentioned in Downton - Long John Silver (referenced by Thomas) - Andromeda, Perseus, Cepheus (Greek mythology) (referenced by Mary) - Sydney Carton (A Tale of Two Cities) (referenced by Robert) - Princess Aurora, and later Sleeping Beauty (the ballet I presume) (referenced by Robert) - Horatio (Hamlet; Thomas quotes a line in a deleted scene) - "Gunga Din" (poem by Kipling; quoted by Bates and later quoted by Isobel) - Little Women (referenced by Cora) - The Lost World - Elizabeth and her German Garden (book given to Anna by Molesley) - Wind in the Willows (referenced by Violet) - "If You Were the Only Girl in the World" (sung by Mary, Matthew and cast) - "The Cat That Walked By Itself" (short story by Kipling; quoted by Matthew) - Iphigenia (Greek mythology, may be referenced in The Iliad but I cannot confirm) - Uncle Tom Cobley ("Widecombe Fair") (referenced by Sybil) - Alice and the Looking Glass - "The Rose of Picardy" (only a few strains played, possibly the John McCormack version which was out in 1919) - Zip Goes a Million and "Look for the Silver Lining" (song played by Matthew) - The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (title used in The Game) - Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Angel Clare (referenced by Mary) - Lochinvar (from Sir Walter Scott) (referenced by Martha) - "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" (played at Mary and Matthew's wedding) - "Let Me Call You Sweetheart" (sung by Martha and cast) - "Dashing Away with the Smoothing Iron" (English folk song sung by Carson) - Way Down East (film) - The Worldings (film) - "Molly Malone" (Irish song) - The Scarlet Letter (referenced by Isobel) - Lady of the Rose (musical) - The Lady of Shalott (ballad) - The Puccini pieces from S4E3 - The jazz pieces from S4E4 sung by Jack Ross ("A Rose By Any Other Name") - The Sheik (film) - The jazz pieces from S4E6 sung by Jack Ross ("Wild About Harry") - "The Second Mrs Tanqueray" (play and films) (referenced by Edith) - "The Sword of Damocles" (Greek myth) - Dr. Fu Manchu - Mrs. Bennett (Pride and Prejudice) - A vague allusion to Wuthering Heights (talking about the Brontë sisters and moors) (referenced by Rose) - Vanity Fair and Becky Sharp (Molesley reads this with Daisy) - "It's a Long Way to Tipperary" (sung by Denker) - "The Fall of the House of Usher" (short story by Edgar Allen Poe) - Madame Defarge (A Tale of Two Cities) - Ariadne (Greek mythology) - "Cockles and Mussels" (Spratt sings a few bars in S6E5; this is also called "Molly Malone") - Elizabeth Bennett and Pemberley (Pride and Prejudice) (referenced by Violet) - Mr Squeers (Nicholas Nickleby) (referenced by Bertie) - The Prisoner of Zenda (adventure novel by Anthony Hope) (referenced by Tom) - "The course of true love never did run smooth" (quote from A Midsummer Night's Dream) Not included are proverbs or sayings (which Anna says a lot of), nor Biblical references. Do note that there's a lot of scenes with the characters reading, but we don't know exactly what.

[sathtrash]

Immortal FAHC a la sathtrash (part 1)

(That’s a dumb title, I’m aware, let me live)

Jack was a Prussian aristocrat in the 1600′s. Her mother and father were a Duke and Duchess, and her Mother’s sister was married to a son of one of the King Louis’, Jack can’t remember anymore which it was. She was well treated, and well respected, and married a sweet man from Austria when she was 17, or maybe 19(? She doesn’t remember), after being betrothed to him since they were children. They were happily married for several years before Jack’s ‘death’. She and the sweet Austrian man had been expecting a child, but being a 17th century European woman presented a lot of problems childbirth wise, and Jack succumbed to an infection after giving birth to a stillborn son. Her husband mourned her, and had her put in her family crypt with her mother and a brother who had died as an infant, and laid her to rest with their child in her arms. Jack awoke a few days after being interred in the crypt, feeling exhausted and aggrieved. She left her dead son in her dead mother’s arms, and slipped out of the still unsealed crypt doors, and took off into the night. She thought perhaps she had simply been stuck in a fever sleep, but took her freedom happily.

Geoff invaded England with King William I, the Conqueror. He was a Normand knight and was happy to fight and die for the man he believed to be his true King. Geoff followed William into battle, and at one point saved the soon-to-be King’s life, and for that he was rewarded a small lordship after William had won the throne of England. Geoff ruled his allowed keep with a fair hand, and was genuinely loved by his serfs, who saw him as a fair landlord, and a good man to do business with when tax time came. He took a wife at the behest of a few small noble friends when they said it’d help him run things if he had a wife to be his second in command. The woman seemed pleasant enough, but she was an adulteress, and while Geoff had been willing to overlook this, she decided she couldn’t deal with him anymore, simply because he wasn’t young and ‘pretty’ like her lover, and she enlisted her lover to kill Geoff for her. The lover stabbed him to death, and Geoff rose within hours, before word could get out to his people. He came upon his wife and her lover and killed them both. He had been willing to overlook a sleight on his honour as a husband, but he would not endure an attempt on his life. His wounds healed, and he went on as normal, until his Serfs realized that he didn’t seem to be aging anymore. He faked a peaceful death in his sleep, leaving his keep to a ‘nephew’ who was really himself, and kep on this way for a long time, until feudalism began to die, and he had no one on his lands that he needed to take care of, and then he left, gave his keep to a trusted friend, and disappeared.

Ryan has been around for a long time. He can no longer remember if he was Greek or Roman after some centuries, just that he spent a long time in both places. The only thing he truly remembers about either is that he was a Roman citizen when he studied astronomy and arts at the Library of Alexandria in her earlier days, but he was a Greek citizen when she was burned to the ground by Roman invaders, and the news reached him in Athens and he was furious, he refused to visit Rome until the Empire fell because he was so angry with what they’d done, and even then he’s only been once or twice since. The interesting thing for Ryan is that he simply never died. He was healthy, and aged until he was around 25 or so, perhaps closer to 30, he really doesn’t remember, and then he stopped. He moved around a lot once he realized he had reached 50 without ever looking like he was getting old. It’s partially how he gained the name of Vagabond, he was a legend throughout Europe for his wandering ways, and had simply become just that to many people, a man to be feared as a children’s bedtime story, no longer a real man, but a boogieman to some, an everliving being who seemed to come in with plagues, and if you saw him, surely a disease would follow. Simply because he had been in Spain during the plague and had not succumbed, because he bathed regularly (when you spend time in Alexandria you learn the wonders bathing does for your health from the Jewish and Muslim people who surround you).

(Lads and more under the cut)

Gavin was nearly an English prince through marriage. His family were Italian nobles, and he had been given to the English King to foster at a young age, betrothed to Henry VIII’s older daughter Mary, who was a few years older than him. When the King’s second daughter Elizabeth was born, and Mary was illegitimized as his heir, the King broke the engagement, but maintained a relationship with him that was amiable enough that he allowed Gavin a small keep near Hatfield House, where he was allowed to spend time as a companion and friend to Lady Mary, and the baby princess Elizabeth. He spent much time with them as Elizabeth grew up, and he helped the younger daughter with her language studies, only a lady like her half-sister by the time she was old enough to learn. News had reached his family that he was no longer betrothed to the Catholic Princess, but as he was an adult they could do nothing to bring him back from the place he now considered home. He remained at Hatfield for a number of years before being touched by Sweating Sickness and dying within a day of his symptoms appearing. He was being prepared for burial when he awoke, scaring a maid half to death. Knowing he couldn’t stay when there was such talk of witches and rising from the dead, he slipped out of his quiet home near Hatfield in the night and disappeared.

Michael was a young man during World War I. He was born at the turn of the century and his family considered their millennium baby a good luck charm for their family. They ran a small mob business, nothing big or visible to the police, but successful enough that they considered Michael’s luck to be a big part of it. When he enlisted in the Great War in 1916 he had no qualms about helping, he’d always dreamed of something more than being in Jersey his whole life, so why not join the military. He ended up joining the army and training in munitions, which he relished in. It was an unfortunate accident that he happened to be in Halifax in December of 1917. He had been aboard a French munitions ship called the Mont-Blanc, he’d boarded with a few other American Army in New York, and they were going to Bordeaux via the Halifax Harbour for a refuel and to pick up more supplies. The freighter collided in the Bedford Basin straight with a Norwegian ship called the Imo, and caught fire. Her munitions caught light, and caused the biggest manmade explosion ever (until the atomic bombs of course). The explosion devastated the Richmond district of Halifax, and sent Michael flying so far he nearly reached the Citadel. But he was in one piece, completely alive, and narrowly avoided being impaled on a cast iron fence. His family had been right all along; Michael was the luckiest boy, especially coming out of that explosion. He gathered himself, got to a hospital, and claimed he’d been on leave, and began trying to help where he could, mostly carting in bodies and the injured, helping nurses move people back and forth from rooms and hallways and offices, and bringing the dead down to the morgue to be cleaned and prepared for family identification, if they indeed had family left to mourn them. And the ones who no longer had families, Michael would take their personal effects and hold onto them to remember them. He had been lucky enough to survive a blast that had a casualty count of over 10,000 when you tallied together deaths and injuries, and they had been on land, he’d been on the ship and lived, and he only thought it right, saw it as a way to atone for what happened. He stayed in Halifax for a number of years, claiming he’d been discharged after losing sight in one eye from a shard of glass caused by the blast breaking a window in the room he’d been in, while being thought dead by those at home. 

Jeremy was the youngest of the crew. Born in the late fifties, he was a young man in the disco scene of the 1970′s, and his flamboyant nature thrived in the bright hues and thumping beats of disco. He lived and breathed for orange bell bottoms and purple sequined shirts. Disco was an escape, one that brought him away from a hard family life, and into the music industry. He was a rising star in the disco scene, people loved Rimmy Tim, and in the ever disco prejudiced America, to be loved as a disco artist was a feat all on it’s own. But the movement in the US died quick, and so did the rising star of Jeremy’s career, disco was a niche he couldn’t figure out how to move outside of, hard rock and roll was the thing now, a far cry from what he loved, and still far away from the rap his disco would evolve into later, decades later. With no outlet for his frustrations Jeremy, like many before him had done, with no outlets, he turned to substance abuse, alcohol and hallucinogenic drugs simply to try and bear a crushing weight of illhandled childhood trauma, depression, and anxieties. He overdosed in 1976, three years before disco was officially dead. He figured if he couldn’t be a star like he had been moving towards, he’d go out like one, and die in a blaze of liquor, drugs, and glory like Hendrix. Except Jeremy woke up. And with nothing else to do, he disappeared. And the only thing he was ever remembered for was a brief career, an absurd orange and purple outfit, and a simple disappearance, never to be seen again as Rimmy.

Lindsay and Trevor were friends in the late Victorian period. They had grown up together, Lindsay the daughter of the head housemaid and butler, and Trevor the son of a Lord. Trevor’s father was familiar and affectionate to his house staff, considering them as good as family in every aspect of life, and had named the Collins’ butler, a man affectionately referred to only as Tuggey both above and below stairs, as Trevor’s Godfather, should something happen to the family. He and Lindsay were tutored together, played together, and often had little sleepovers on the couches in his father’s library. The two were thick as thieves, and when Trevor was older, and began taking on more important roles in the house, he made sure that Lindsay was hired on, and had a small trust place in her name in case she ever decided to leave service. The two remained happily friends until an incident happened. A new young maid who had been hired on had left an oil lamp on in the kitchen after she’d cleared up for the night. The lamp glass had a fault no one had seen, and the heat caused it to shatter, and spit out embers with the broken glass, it caught a few pairs of stockings Lindsay and the other girls had left out to dry, and soon the kitchen was in flames. Trevor lived on one of the lower floors for convenience, and smelled the smoke while he was reading in bed, and had jumped into action. By the time he reached below stairs the kitchen and one hallway were burning, and it was fast approaching the servants quarters. Without a thought for himself Trevor moved into action and began knocking on doors, yelling at the servants to go out the back door at the opposite end of the hall from the flames, a door they only used to above stairs deliveries, trying to save their lives. He had been the only person above stairs to be home, both his parents up at his Grandmother’s dower house for the night to visit with her, as she had been ill, so he needn’t worry about them. But when he was outside with the servants and had taken count, he realized two were missing, Lindsay and her mother, who had developed a bad hip and had trouble moving quickly. Usually Lindsay’s mother stayed with Tuggey in their little cottage on the house’s grounds, but her hip had been hurting something awful that evening and she elected to stay in Lindsay’s room with her for the night. Trevor had raced back inside to Lindsay’s room, and found her in the hallway trying to help her mother outside. Lindsay had been badly burned trying to help her mother, and soon so was Trevor when he simply picked the woman up and carried her outside, Lindsay on his heels. Lindsay’s mother was mostly alright, save a somewhat bad burn on her hands from a brass door handle, but Trevor and Lindsay’s burns should have killed them. They both received bad burns on their arms and faces from being near the flames that had licked overhead. But after a long time healing, both were fine. But they were certain they shouldn’t have been. 

[sca-nerd]

Fall Crown Tournament

Crown is this weekend. And the list looks promising! Not to play favorites, but... I’m all about these three.

Duke Anton Tremayne Fighting For Duchess Luned of Snowdon Duke Bryan of Sacred Stone Fighting For Duchess Brianna O Duinn Earl John Peregrine of Restormel Fighting For Countess Honor of Restormel Earl Robert de Rath  Fighting For Mistress Magdalena Sanguigni Graf Dietrich von Stroheim  Fighting For Lady Una Olfuss Sir Thorfinr Brimill Fighting For Lady Octavia Fortunata Sir Joscelin d'Outremer Fighting For Lady Symone de la Rochelle Sir Ragnarr Rifsbrjotr Fighting For Lady Leyli Volorum Nerk'yevi Sir Abran de la Barra Fighting For  Bietriz Desrosiers Baron Lochlainn hua Rigbarddain Fighting For Baroness Edan Lowery Baron Alric The Mad Fighting For Baroness Cellach Mor Lord Sigurd Ericsson of Bergen Fighting For Baroness Aine ingen Chuimin Lord Jonathan Blackbow Fighting For  Jane of Sacred Stone Baron Erwin Bloodaxe  Fighting For Baroness Mary Isabel of Heatherstone Lord William of Bedford  Fighting For Lady Juliana ad aquam Lord John Angus West  Fighting For Maestra Gracia Esperanca de Seville Lord Hakon of Ponte Alto Fighting For  Elenor Bywater Baroness Marie Thérèse Normand Fighting For Lord Naran Numuchi Lord Griffin Warwick Fighting For Lady Cecille Cassaire Lord Oswin inn heimski Fighting For Lady Anastasiia Iosifova Lord Eirikr ulfr Thorisson Fighting For Lady Rhiannon Morgaine Lord Geoffroy Hart Fighting For Lady Matilda Wynter Lady Una Olfuss Fighting For Graf Dietrich von Stroheim Lord Richard Thornton Fighting For Lady Marie Marschalc Lord Xavier da Corlione Fighting For Lady Artemisia Catarina De Corleone

[cookerypokery]

Welcome back to Cookery Pokery! I haven’t updated in more than two years. I blame the election. Hard to enjoy a meal in peace these days. I have a permanent gross taste in my mouth that even the best meals can hardly drown out.

So why come back? Why now?

The short answer is that 1) I am in Normandy; 2) I am drinking alone in a bed and breakfast in Normandy; 3) It reminds me of another time I drank with people in Europe; 4) Never you mind, I’m back, bébé!

Today’s post is about a threesome. Les saucisses, le fromage de chèvre, et le cidre normand. FUCKITY FUCK, IT’S GOOD! I bought them today at a market in Bayeux, the town of the famed medieval Bayeux Tapestry that depicts William the Conqueror shooting his enemy Harold Godwinson in the eye. Trust me, this ménage à trois is a sensual mélange. Close that porn tab and have yourself a real treat. Normandy, the birthplace of tarte aux pommes and Camembert, is rightfully famous for its apple and dairy products. What a happy accident that they pair so well. The only exception, I hear, is that Norman cows do not like it if you shove apples up their butt.

Let me explain. Schmear some creamy goat cheese on a baguette, take a bite and then—avant de swallowing—swig some cider. The goat cheese has a slight gaminess that just melts into the wild yeast of the cider, while the sweetness of the apples brings up the rear. Everything just melds together in a flavor rainbow.

Yes, yes, I know I said this was a threesome and I haven’t talked about la saucisse yet. Basically, it’s the phallus. Call me old-fashioned.

I am about 400 milliliters into a 750-milliliter bottle of said cider. 

In the spirit of Cookery Pokery, there will be no copy-editing or revisions. This is going up now. You’re welcome.

Photo: The author kneels at the historic altar of Lord Piggy, Duke of Normandy.

[astrognossienne]

upcoming star analyses

Barbara Stanwyck

Bonnie + Clyde

Johnny + June Carter Cash

River Phoenix

Whitney Houston

Selena

Jenni Rivera

Aaliyah

Michael Hutchence

Phil Lynott

Jimi Hendrix

John Lennon

Yoko Ono

John Lennon + Yoko Ono

Judee Sill

Françoise Hardy

Jane Birkin + Serge Gainsbourg

David Bowie

Anaïs Nin

Ernest Hemingway

Clare Boothe Luce

Jean Arthur

John Gilbert

James Cagney

Anthony Quinn

Toshiro Mifune

Sessue Hayakawa

Anna May Wong

Philippa Schuyler

Dorothy Dandridge

Sidney Poitier

Diahann Carroll

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.

Hazel Scott

Fredi Washington

Paul Robeson

Josephine Baker

Duke Ellington

Joyce Bryant

Rex Ingram

Billie Holiday

Dinah Washington

Louis Armstrong

Ella Fitzgerald

Ira Aldridge

Lena Horne

Canada Lee

Katherine Dunham

Juano Hernández

Eddie “Rochester” Anderson

Hattie McDaniel

Stepin Fetchit

Buster Keaton

Mary Pickford

Mabel Normand

Sarah Bernhardt

Mary Astor

Caresse Crosby

Richard Burton

Elizabeth Taylor

Judy Garland

Sammy Davis, Jr.

Mickey Rooney

Henry Fonda

George Reeves

Orson Welles

Olivia de Havilland

Joan Fontaine

Olivia vs. Joan

Vivien Leigh

Laurence Olivier

Vivien Leigh + Laurence Olivier

Rex Harrison

Mary Miles Minter

William Desmond Taylor

William Randolph Hearst

Marion Davies

Joan Blondell

Betty Grable

Bettie Page

Sharon Tate

Dorothy Stratten

Alain Delon

Ghislaine Maxwell

Peter O’Toole

Katharine Hepburn

Spencer Tracy

Hepburn + Tracy

Linda Darnell

Joey Heatherton

Savannah

Dorothy Hale

Franchot Tone

Steve McQueen

Frances Farmer

Fatty Arbuckle

Tallulah Bankhead

Paulette Goddard

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The Bennett sisters: Constance, Joan, and Barbara

Jane Russell

Gina Lollobrigida

Tyrone Power

Harold Lloyd

Leslie Howard

Burt Lancaster

Audie Murphy

John F. Kennedy

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis

John F. Kennedy + Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy

John F. Kennedy, Jr.

JFK Jr. + Carolyn Bessette

Gary Cooper

James Stewart

Lana Turner

Sophia Loren

Rita Moreno

Lupe Vélez

Dolores Del Río

María Félix