#What are factors that affect plastic shrinkage

[gudmould]

What are factors that affect plastic shrinkage?

(1) Influence of raw materials Plastic Shrinkage OverviewShrinkage rate of plastic refers to percentage difference between size of plastic part at molding temperature and size after it is removed from mold and cooled to room temperature. It reflects degree of size reduction of plastic parts after they are removed from mold and cooled. Factors that affect shrinkage rate of plastics include…

[hlhrapidlimited]

How to Improve the Quality of Plastic Injection Molds?

Do you want to make high-quality plastic parts with injection molding? Curious about how mold quality impacts the final product? What can you do to ensure your molds give the best results? Let's check out the factors to improve the quality of your plastic injection molds.

Plastic injection moulding is a key method used to manufacture everything from little plastic parts to significant components. High-quality moulds are important for achieving the greatest outcomes. The quality of the mould has a direct influence on the finished product, from its appearance to its strength and durability. Here are some practical methods you may take to boost the quality of plastic injection moulds.

1. Choose the Right Material

The quality of your mould begins with the material you employ to create it. The mould material should be strong and resistant to damage, especially if you're making a big number of pieces. Hardened steel, stainless steel, and aluminium are examples of commonly used materials. Steel is more costly, but it has more durability and can generate higher-quality parts over time.

2. Design with Precision

A well-designed mould is necessary to deliver high-quality results. Pay particular attention to design elements like wall thickness, cooling channels, and draft angles. Proper design ensures that the plastic flows smoothly throughout the mould, lowering the possibility of flaws such as warping or partial filling. Use modern CAD (Computer-Aided Design) equipment to generate accurate and detailed designs.

3. Use High-Quality Injection Machines

The quality of the injection moulding machine has an important impact on the overall quality of the mould. Ensure that your machines are properly maintained and calibrated. Machines with upgraded controls can deliver more constant pressure and temperature, which are critical for making high-quality moulds.

4. Implement Rigorous Quality Control

Quality control is essential at every stage of the injection molding process. Regularly inspect molds for wear and tear and check the finished products for any defects. Using tools like Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) can help in accurately measuring parts and ensuring they meet specifications.

5.Optimize the Cooling Process

Cooling is a critical phase in injection molding that affects the quality of the final product. Uneven or inadequate cooling can lead to defects such as warping or shrinkage. To optimize cooling, ensure that the cooling channels in the mold are well-designed and that the coolant flows efficiently throughout the mold. Using conformal cooling techniques, where cooling channels are designed to follow the shape of the part, can further enhance the cooling efficiency.

6. Use Proper Mold Maintenance

Regular maintenance of molds is key to extending their life and ensuring consistent quality. Clean the mold regularly to remove any residues or buildup. Also, inspect the mold components like ejector pins and slides to ensure they are functioning properly. Lubricate moving parts to prevent wear and replace any worn-out components promptly.

 7. Control Injection Parameters

The parameters used during the injection process, such as temperature, pressure, and injection speed, significantly affect the quality of the molded parts. Fine-tuning these parameters can help reduce defects and improve overall product quality. Consider conducting trials to determine the optimal settings for your specific mold and material.

To improve the quality of plastic injection molds, use the right materials, design them accurately, use good machines, and maintain strict quality control. Regular maintenance and having skilled workers also help in making high-quality molds. By paying attention to these factors, you can produce parts that meet or exceed your quality expectations.

If you would like to discuss your requisites with one of our experts. You can submit you files here  and our team will contact you as soon as possible.

[mdcmould]

In-Depth Guide to Thermosetting Plastic Compression Molding Process

Introduction to Plastic Molding Technology

Plastic molding processing is an engineering technology involving various processes to transform plastic into products. This transformation often includes phenomena such as polymer rheology and changes in physical and chemical properties.

What is Compression Molding?

Characteristics and Performance of Thermosetting Plastic Compression Molding

Process Characteristics

Mature technology with simple equipment and molds compared to injection molding.

Intermittent molding with longer production cycles and lower efficiency.

Produces high-quality products without internal stress or molecular orientation.

Can mold large-area products but not complex shapes or thick items.

Allows for hot demolding of products.

Performance Factors

Key performance factors include:

Fluidity: The flowability impacts the molding process and product quality.

Curing Rate: Influences the chemical reaction speed during molding.

Shrinkage Rate: Affects dimensions and product integrity post-molding.

Compression Ratio: Relates to volume change during molding.

Moisture and Volatiles Content: Excessive content can affect product quality.

Fineness and Uniformity: Particle size and distribution play a role in performance.

Equipment and Molds Used in Compression Molding

The main equipment used is the press machine, which applies heat and pressure to the plastic through molds. There are two main types of hydraulic presses:

Top-pressing hydraulic machines.

Bottom-pressing hydraulic machines.

Common mold types include:

Overflow molds

Non-overflow molds

Semi-overflow molds

The Process Flow of Compression Molding

The typical process includes the following steps:

Measuring: Accurate measurement is critical, using weight, volume, or counting methods.

Pre-pressing: Reduces compression ratios and improves thermal transfer.

Preheating: Increases curing speed and improves material flow.

Insert Placement: Ensures correct positioning for components like conductive parts.

Feeding: Accurate feeding is crucial for achieving desired product specifications.

Closing Molds: Rapid initial closing followed by a slower approach to prevent damage.

Ventilation: Essential for expelling gases and moisture during the process.

Curing: Achieved through controlled pressure and temperature.

Demolding: Typically occurs while the material is still warm, utilizing ejector rods.

Post-processing: Involves additional treatments to ensure product quality.

Process Conditions and Control

The three critical factors in compression molding are pressure, temperature, and time. Balancing these factors optimizes product quality while minimizing production costs.

For more insights on thermosetting plastic compression molding, stay connected!

[mconseo]

Compatibility of Chemical Admixtures with Cement

MCON Rasayan, a leading manufacturer and supplier of high-quality construction chemicals and building finishing products, understands the critical role that chemical admixtures play in modern concrete technology. The compatibility of these admixtures with cement is essential for achieving desired concrete properties and ensuring the longevity of structures.

What are Chemical Admixtures?

Chemical admixtures are materials added to concrete during the mixing process to modify its properties. These can include:

Water reducers (plasticizers and superplasticizers) to improve workability without increasing water content.

Retarders to slow down the setting time of concrete.

Accelerators to speed up the setting time.

Air-entraining agents to introduce air bubbles for increased freeze-thaw durability.

Waterproofing admixtures to reduce water permeability.

Each type of admixture interacts differently with the cementitious components of concrete, which makes understanding their compatibility crucial.

Importance of Compatibility

The compatibility between chemical admixtures and cement can significantly impact the performance and durability of concrete. Incompatible combinations can lead to problems such as:

Delayed setting times, which can disrupt construction schedules.

Reduced strength development, affecting the structural integrity.

Increased water demand, leading to potential issues with workability and finish.

Unintended air content, which can affect the density and durability of the concrete.

Ensuring compatibility is thus essential for achieving the desired properties and performance of concrete.

Factors Affecting Compatibility

Several factors influence the compatibility of chemical admixtures with cement, including:

Chemical Composition of Cement: Different cements have varying levels of compounds like tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF). The interaction of these compounds with admixtures can affect the setting time and strength of concrete.

Cement Fineness: The particle size distribution of cement influences its reactivity. Finer cements react more quickly, which can alter the effectiveness of certain admixtures.

Admixture Dosage: The amount of admixture used can impact its compatibility. Overdosing or underdosing can lead to undesirable effects on concrete properties.

Mixing Procedure: The sequence and method of adding admixtures during the mixing process can affect their interaction with cement.

Environmental Conditions: Temperature and humidity can influence the performance of admixtures and their interaction with cement.

Testing for Compatibility

To ensure optimal performance, it is recommended to conduct compatibility tests before using admixtures in large-scale projects. Some common tests include:

Setting Time Tests: Determine if the admixture affects the initial and final setting times of the cement paste.

Flow Tests: Assess the workability of concrete mixes with different admixtures.

Strength Tests: Evaluate the compressive and tensile strength development over time.

Durability Tests: Check the long-term performance characteristics such as shrinkage, permeability, and resistance to freeze-thaw cycles.

Conclusion

At MCON Rasayan, we emphasize the importance of understanding the compatibility of chemical admixtures with cement. By considering the factors affecting compatibility and conducting thorough testing, we ensure that our products deliver the highest quality and performance in construction applications. Our commitment to excellence in manufacturing and supplying construction chemicals and building finishing products makes us a trusted partner in the industry.

For more information on our products and services, visit our website or contact our technical support team.

Tags: Construction chemical suppliers | Concrete admixtures for waterproofing | Tile grout | Waterproofing system | Concrete repairs | Best ready mix mortar | Wall finishes texture

[mimmetalcom]

Effects of Metal Powders and Manufacturing Methods on MIM

MIM is a new metal forming technology combining traditional powder metallurgy and modern plastic injection molding technology. MIM process has strict standards on the choice of metal powder. This is because the shape of powder particles decides the quality of products.

Good metal feed can form a good product, and good powder will be a good metal feed, which means that the metal powder affects the performance of MIM products. So what is a good metal powder?

After years of production practice and industry experts, the theoretical study found that the more granular, uniform particles, close to the spherical powder particles more suitable for the manufacture of feed. The feed made of such powder is good for process liquidity and conducive to the successful completion of the entire MIM process. What is more, it is easy to debonding, during which the blank in the sintering process of shrink uniformly with small degree.

But in the actual production, due to cost, technology and other factors, metal powder raw materials which used to produce the feed are not in “perfect state". Even the impeccable powdery raw materials that we consider perfect will inevitably affect the effect of the MIM forming process because the shape of the parts is not easily maintained. For example, the steel metal powder which be used in MIM process although is spherical, and particle size meet the technical requirements, because of the small bite force between the particles, the product shape is difficult to maintain.

So if we want to get stable performance and shape of the products, we need to think about other ways. The current metal powder used in manufacture of metal feed is generally divided into two types: aerosolized powder and water atomized powder. These two kinds of powder shape properties are different, with only one of which cannot get a good feed.

Adding water atomized powder to aerosolized powder can improve the shape maintaining ability and decrease the anisotropy shrinkage of the injection molding. If the natural slope angle of the mixed powder is small, the interaction between the particles is small, and the anisotropy shrinkage of the component after sintering is large. Samples with more aerosolized powder are easy to collapse after debonding. Using water atomized powder can maintain the shape without damaging its mechanical properties. The irregular shape of the particles affects the sinter ability of the mixed powder, and the use of a large proportion of the water atomized powder promotes densification.

In summary, the impact of metal powder particle shape in the MIM process is rooted. To choose the metal feed made of appropriate metal powder is essential to the formation of high-quality MIM products.

[safethaw]

The Ideal Temperature To Pour Concrete: A Comprehensive Guide for Homeowners

In the world of home construction projects, understanding the significance of the temperature to pour concrete can mean the difference between success and failure. The pouring temperature significantly impacts the strength, durability, and overall quality of your concrete project. So, what's the right temperature? Generally, the optimal temperature to pour concrete falls within the 40-60 °F range. This range facilitates proper curing, paving the way for a robust and durable concrete structure. Temperature Extremes And Concrete Pouring: What Are The Risks? Pouring concrete in extreme temperatures comes with its set of challenges. Let's delve into some of the problems associated with such scenarios: Cold Temperatures: Pouring concrete when it's freezing can lead to serious complications. Water in the mix might freeze, causing the concrete to expand and crack, thereby compromising the structural integrity of the project and leading to expensive repairs. Also, the hydration process slows down in colder temperatures, extending the project timeline and making the fresh concrete susceptible to damage. Hot Temperatures: In contrast, hot temperatures lead to accelerated hydration, making it difficult to properly work with the concrete. This could result in surface defects and a decrease in strength. The rapid drying of the concrete could lead to shrinkage and cracking, hampering both the aesthetics and structure of the project. The Importance Of Temperature During The Concrete Curing Process The temperature at which concrete cures plays a vital role in its overall quality. High temperatures can lead to faster setting and hardening, reducing workability and potentially leading to cracks. Lower temperatures, however, slow down the curing process but can also lead to freezing in extreme conditions. Ensuring consistent temperatures throughout curing helps achieve the desired strength, durability, and overall quality. Variables Affecting The Temperature To Pour Concrete Various factors can influence the temperature during the pouring and curing of concrete. These include: - Ambient Temperature: The surrounding air temperature significantly influences concrete temperature. It can either cool or heat the concrete rapidly, impacting its curing and strength development. - Concrete Mix Temperature: Known as the "batch temperature," the initial temperature of the mix also plays a pivotal role. Higher temperatures accelerate hydration, while lower ones slow it down. - Subgrade and Formwork Temperature: The temperature of the subgrade and formwork can also impact the temperature of the concrete. It's crucial to manage these elements to maintain the desired temperature during placement. Concrete Pouring Best Practices For Different Temperatures Whether you're working in cold or hot weather, the following tips can help ensure a successful concrete project: - Cold Weather Tips: Start by thawing the ground and using insulated blankets. Also, consider using accelerators or hot water in the mix to promote curing. - Hot Weather Tips: Control the concrete's temperature during mixing. Use chilled water and admixtures, work swiftly, and consider shading the site to reduce sunlight impact. - Protection: Cover the concrete with curing blankets or plastic sheets to retain moisture and prevent rapid evaporation. - Adjustments: Consult with a professional to adjust the concrete mix design according to the temperature conditions. - Monitoring: Regularly monitor the concrete's temperature during curing using sensors or thermometers. Maintenance Tips For Your Concrete Project After your concrete project, protect your investment and prevent future damage by adopting the following practices: - Cleaning and Inspection: Regularly sweep away debris and conduct routine inspections to identify and promptly tackle any issues. - Winter Maintenance: During winter, use non-toxic, eco-friendly, concrete safe ice melt alternatives like Safe Thaw to melt ice effectively without damaging the concrete. - Sealing: Apply a high-quality concrete sealer to provide an extra layer of protection against moisture, stains, and harsh weather. - Mindful Landscaping: Avoid planting trees or shrubs with aggressive roots near the concrete to prevent cracking. - Heavy Load Prevention: Avoid placing heavy objects or parking vehicles with sharp edges directly on the surface. Use protective pads or mats under heavy equipment and vehicles. Remember, understanding the temperature to pour concrete is essential for any homeowner undertaking construction projects. Always use a concrete safe ice melt. The temperature plays a pivotal role in the curing process, affecting the concrete's strength and longevity. Therefore, taking the necessary precautions and adjusting the mix and curing methods accordingly can help you achieve optimal results. So, before you embark on your next concrete project, pay close attention to the temperature to pour concrete and set yourself up for success. Read the full article

[spark-enchanter]

Weekly Dose of Salt

Sel Gris: harvested from the bottom of tidal ponds off the coast of France, it is raked out after sinking

Also called celtic salt, gray salt

A natural salt

Sel Gris is harvested from the same salt pans as fleur de sel. The difference is that this salt is allowed contact with the bottom of the salt pans, which causes the salt's gray color. This salt is more moist (with 13% more moisture on average) and is courser than the delicate fleur de sel. Due to the high moisture, this salt does not draw the moisture away from food (what it is commonly applied to). The higher moisture does prevent this salt from drawing in as much psychic energy as other salts, but the energy retention is higher of the energies given to it outside of psychic energy in use of spell-craft.

The bottom of these salt pans are commonly lined with clay, tile, basalt, sand, or concrete. These linings keep the salt clean, and during harvest, there is care to prevent contamination. You may be able to find what type of lining is used in the pits your salt comes from by looking into the company that has produced your batch.

Below I give personal correspondences. I base these on not only chemical compositions, but more importantly, use. I believe when it comes to correspondences, associations are what drives your energy into the direction it goes. I base this off of how I understand correspondences to have traditionally worked.

Clay: A fine grain, natural soil containing clay minerals. Develops plasticity when wet, and becomes hard and brittle when dried or fired. The chemical composition breakdown would be long in list and correspondence, clay has an extensive history, and correspondence can depend on the type of clay and the method of use. Therefore, I am giving personal general correspondences for the category of clay. Magically, I believe clay is many in correspondence depending on the above factors. It can encapsulate transformation, destruction, will, immobility, binding, grounding, and of course earth (to name a few examples). When using clay for correspondence, consider the type of clay, the way you are using it, the state of matter it is in, and the end product of the clay you desire.

Tile: Tile can be made of various materials (which will affect your working if used). Tile also comes in many colors and patterns which will have the same variances. Magically, I consider tile to have general correspondence of barriers, both in a way of reflection and disallowing of adhesion.

Basalt: A fine grained rock formed from rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava that is rich in magnesium and iron, that is also exposed at/near the surface of a planet or moon. Basalt holds majority of volcanic rock on Earth, underlines most of the Earth's oceans, and can contain small amounts other minerals such as quartz. Basalt also holds majority of the surface of other celestial beings. For my personal magic purposes, basalt corresponds to grounding, courage, stability, support, and connection.

Sand: Sand is ground minerals, and can vary widely in composition, color, and type (ocean, desert, volcanic, pond, etc.). Therefore, I am giving correspondences to sand as a category, based on use instead of composition, though composition will affect your working and may be something to look into if you wish to practice pinpoint magic. For most, using general correspondences for the category will suffice. My personal correspondences for sand (depending on use) are foundations, interconnections, discomfort, insulation, grounding, the temporary, and the moment.

Concrete: Concrete is the most common building material today and is constantly being changed in composition, on top of there being many types of concrete. I suggest looking into the type of concrete you use as volcanic concrete will have different nuances to polymer concrete, for example. Concrete has high compressive strength, but low tensile strength. All concrete structures will crack to some extent due to gradual shrinkage and tension. Again, I am giving general correspondences for the category. My personal magic correspondences for concrete are compression, weight, stability, the constant, fate.

You may consider the location of harvest in your personal correspondences.

See Below:

Fleur de Sel Resource Post

Sea Salt Resource Post

[wisdomrays]

TAFAKKUR: Part 251

THE FUTURE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN THE ENERGY MARKET AND WHY WE NEED IT MORE THAN EVER

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

Our current source of energy is mostly fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable. In other words, they are finite resources and they will diminish significantly in future; hence, they will be very expensive to use and environmentally harmful to recover. In contrast, solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen, geothermal, ocean, and hydro power are renewable energy resources, that is, they are constantly replenished and will not run out. Renewable energy is not only important for our energy needs but also has significant advantages over fossil-based energy resources in the protection of the environment. Besides, the environmental aspect of renewable energy also has a religious dimension, since preservation of the earth and its inhabitants is regarded as a duty for humankind.

Among these energy resources, solar energy is generally used for electricity generation or for hot water heating. It also finds uses in solar cooling, and in direct heating and lighting of buildings and homes. Solar panels are made of photovoltaic (PV) cells. The term “photovoltaic” means “converting light into electricity.” Solar energy technology has been around since the late nineteenth century. Yet, its share in energy production constitutes a very small fraction (less than 0.1%) of production around the world. This stems from the higher cost of electricity generation with solar panels in comparison to use of fossil fuels. In the US, electricity generated from PV cells costs $0.30 to $0.40 per kilowatt-hour while consumers pay only $0.10 per kilowatt-hour to the electric utility companies. Nonetheless, with recent advances in this technology, it will be possible in the near future to decrease the cost and make this technology viable for our energy needs as we face shrinkage in fossil fuels around the globe.

One of the factors that increases cost is the low power-conversion efficiency of current PV cells. The PV cells used in the market are mostly fabricated from silicon crystals and these cells show a power conversion efficiency of 15%. That means, 85% of photons go to waste when harvesting energy from sunlight. In fact, the theoretical limit of light harvesting in silicon-based solar panels is only 31% because of the low band gap of silicon, which only partially absorbs sunlight to form charge carriers in the device. To solve this problem, scientists have utilized three different crystals in a single PV cell to absorb more sunlight, and these studies have yielded a device efficiency of 37%. Just recently, scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Golden, Colorado) and Boeing-Spectrolab have achieved a world-record conversion efficiency of 41% by using the same idea, establishing a new milestone in sunlight-to-electricity performance. Although such studies are very promising in this field, when it comes to production cost, these inorganic PV cells are still an expensive technology for power generation compared to fossil fuels.

ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS

An alternative solution to decrease the cost is to use devices with lower power efficiency but a very low cost of production. Organic-based PV materials offer such an alternative with easy and fast production techniques such as solution processing and printing. Conjugated polymers (polymers with alternating single and double bonds in their polymeric backbone) are especially important in this regard, since they exhibit semiconductor properties. The best organic PV cell efficiencies reported in recent years are around 5%. This number must double in order for the cells to be used in solar panels, assuming that the cell displays high photostability and conductivity. Many research groups are now focusing on organic-based solar systems as an alternative technology to their inorganic counterpart.

Although we are all familiar with solar energy, most of us do not know how electricity is produced from sunlight. To show the mechanism for photovoltaic activity, one first should look into an anatomy of a typical organic PV cell which is shown in Figure 1. This cell is based on an organic PV cell. The organic layer is sandwiched in between two electrodes where light absorption and charge separation occurs. Typically, glass is used for support but plastic materials can also be used as alternatives. The anode is usually indium tin oxide (ITO) and the cathode can be aluminum, calcium, gold, or magnesium. The electrodes must be semi-transparent to facilitate light absorption. Specifically designed conjugated polymers are utilized for sunlight absorption, where the wavelength range of absorbed light may vary from ultraviolet-visible to near infrared depending on the material used in the device. The efficiency of the device is determined by the extent of light absorption, efficiency of charge separation, and charge diffusion to the electrodes. The morphology of the organic layer has been found to be very important for device characteristics and cell efficiency. In an organic PV, an electron is promoted from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level upon light absorption (Figure 2). This transition results in an electron-hole pair which is then separated by the electric field formed by the different ionization energy of electrodes (Φ). Therefore, the electron moves to the cathode and the hole moves to the opposite side. This process causes charge flow between the electrodes and hence electricity is generated in the process.

Despite all the improvements in organic PV technology, current cell efficiencies are still low for electricity generation. The stability of organic PV materials must be improved as most of them are prone to degradation by oxygen and humidity in the air. The large-scale production of organic solar panels is possible, and yet the feasibility of current methods has not been investigated extensively so far.

Solar energy is a clean, renewable resource of energy and is projected to have significant role in the energy market in near future. Funding in the field of solar energy has been increasing in recent years due to the increasing need for energy and the likely reduction of fossil fuels towards the end of this century. Yet, our research efforts are still not sufficient for the advancement of this technology.

IMPORTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Solar energy, like other renewable energy resources, is environmentally friendly. Its use should be promoted, as fossil fuels play a dominant role in the increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to be responsible for the increased rate of global warming and hence climate change. Global warming may cause rises in sea level and changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation. These changes may in turn increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, hurricanes, and tornados. Other consequences may include higher or lower agricultural yields, glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, and species extinctions. Warming is expected to affect the number and magnitude of the events mentioned above; however, it is difficult to connect particular occurrences to global warming.

In any case, focusing on renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies is one of the best options to secure the future of our planet and all existing forms of life on it. Our effort should not only be due to the expected shortage of fossil fuels in future. Rather, it must be seen as a duty and moral act to save the environment since use of renewable energy resources has little or no negative impact on nature. Religious awareness and guidance in this area is necessary so that each individual may take active part in the protection and development of the environment. Much environmental degradation is due to our ignorance of what our Creator requires of us. People should be educated to realize that the conservation of the environment is a religious duty demanded by God. This fact is expressed in Qur’an in a number of places such as, “Do good, even as God has done you good, and do not pursue corruption in the earth. Verily God does not love corrupters” (Qasas 28:77), “And do not follow the bidding of the excessive, who cause corruption in the earth and do not work good” (Shu’ara 26:151–152), “And do not cause corruption in the earth, when it has been set in order” (A’raf 7:56). Any deliberate damage to the natural environment and its resources is a kind of corruption which is forbidden by Islam.

As Muslims, we should protect and preserve the environment because by doing so we protect the creatures which pray to God and praise Him. Although we do not know how they praise God, the Qur’an clearly points this out: “The seven heavens and the earth, and all beings therein, declare His glory: There is not a thing but celebrates His praise, and yet you understand not how they declare His Glory!” (Isra 17:44). Islam is established on the concept of good (khayr). Since it is scientifically proven that protecting the environment is of great significance for all animals and plants on earth, Muslims should see it as khayr. In the last two verses of chapter Zalzalah (99:7–8), God says, “And whoever does good an atom’s weight will see it then. And whoever does ill an atom’s weight will see it then.”

Protecting God’s creatures and the environment is a duty of humankind because human beings are the “agents” of God on earth. This task cannot be performed by other creatures. Therefore, as the Muslim community we should all commit ourselves to the preservation and to the protection of the environment. Surely, investing in and promoting improvement of the technologies based on renewable energy is one way to go.

[base-crack-df]

Download Base crack (serial key) latest version K41#

💾 ►►► DOWNLOAD FILE 🔥🔥🔥 Has your concrete cracked? What causes cracks in concrete slabs? Chances are if you are reading this then you are one of many concrete users or purchasers who unfortunately has experienced cracking. The initial response to cracking is that there must have been something wrong with the concrete when it was delivered. Not so, the majority of surface cracks in concrete slabs are usually as a result of aftercare. Both of these statements are true. Primary causes The primary cause of concrete cracking is either: No curing applied after finishing Ineffective curing Premature drying or rapid drying results in surface tension build up, and this propagates as cracks at the surface. The occurrence, direction and size can vary greatly depending on weather conditions at the time of placement. Ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed are all factors either on their own or in combination. We also get numerous customers who have never cured concrete and never experienced cracks. The truth is that they may not have experienced visual cracks, but there is a high probability that micro cracks have developed although invisible to the naked eye. The cracks The appearance of cracks can occur within a few hours of finishing the concrete although usually they are not visible until the following day. Despite them being at the surface they will develop through the entire thickness of the slab. It is important to note that these cracks plastic shrinkage cracks are not classified as structural cracks and do not affect the overall structural integrity of the slab. If the slab is a direct wearing course driveway, warehouse, etc then surface durability may be an issue as detailed above. They can range in width from hairline to a few millimetres. They can occur randomly or appear to be in a pattern. Repair The most effective way to repair the cracks is to brush dry cement powder over them, the cement fills the crack and residual water in the concrete will activate it, creating a seal. If left open, water can penetrate and cause further edge and internal damage through the action of freeze thaw. Effective curing For more advice on how to cure concrete correctly please refer to our Curing concrete guide.

[base-crack-a2]

Download Base crack (license key) latest version K8A;

💾 ►►► DOWNLOAD FILE 🔥🔥🔥 Has your concrete cracked? What causes cracks in concrete slabs? Chances are if you are reading this then you are one of many concrete users or purchasers who unfortunately has experienced cracking. The initial response to cracking is that there must have been something wrong with the concrete when it was delivered. Not so, the majority of surface cracks in concrete slabs are usually as a result of aftercare. Both of these statements are true. Primary causes The primary cause of concrete cracking is either: No curing applied after finishing Ineffective curing Premature drying or rapid drying results in surface tension build up, and this propagates as cracks at the surface. The occurrence, direction and size can vary greatly depending on weather conditions at the time of placement. Ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed are all factors either on their own or in combination. We also get numerous customers who have never cured concrete and never experienced cracks. The truth is that they may not have experienced visual cracks, but there is a high probability that micro cracks have developed although invisible to the naked eye. The cracks The appearance of cracks can occur within a few hours of finishing the concrete although usually they are not visible until the following day. Despite them being at the surface they will develop through the entire thickness of the slab. It is important to note that these cracks plastic shrinkage cracks are not classified as structural cracks and do not affect the overall structural integrity of the slab. If the slab is a direct wearing course driveway, warehouse, etc then surface durability may be an issue as detailed above. They can range in width from hairline to a few millimetres. They can occur randomly or appear to be in a pattern. Repair The most effective way to repair the cracks is to brush dry cement powder over them, the cement fills the crack and residual water in the concrete will activate it, creating a seal. If left open, water can penetrate and cause further edge and internal damage through the action of freeze thaw. Effective curing For more advice on how to cure concrete correctly please refer to our Curing concrete guide.

[plastic-mold]

How to prepare plastic mold quotation

In a quotation (or "quote") to a customer, the following information should be included: - Date on which the quotation was provided - Details about the quoted plastic mold, including the type of machine and ancillary equipment used to make the mold. The plan should also include specifics about the mold, such as the design of the gates, the anticipated cycle, the responsibility for shrinkage, etc.  -  Mold pricing (examined in detail in the preceding text) - Validity period for the quote (this is important if the quote is being evaluated by many workers, there are many inquiries, and the shop is busy) to avoid impacting the quoted delivery time by an unanticipated delay in receiving the quote. - Providing delivery data, from ordering the product to testing the mold. - The delivery method (which will be agreed upon by the supplier and the customer) - Payment terms (to be agreed between the supplier and the customer) - Disclaimers and warranty terms

plastic injection mold quotation

Timeline on quotation for delivery

A quotation should include a delivery time. Deliveries are determined by estimating time required to perform the necessary work (designing, machining, assembling, and testing); however, delivery promises also depend on how quickly the job can be started and how available time is in these areas. Deliveries to testing are often quoted instead of deliveries to shipping to make clients aware that testing could reveal unforeseen issues before shipping. The conditions of the plant constantly change. The majority of people may be busy today, but may find themselves looking for work in a few months. In a quote, the delivery period is usually indicated as a short period of time, or as an immediate delivery period. At the time of quoting, we estimate a delivery within a few weeks depending on the current load in the shop. Each quotation should clearly state the period during which it is valid. This is because there is a change in shop load all the time. A mold maker, however, faces the risk of continuing to submit quotations in the order in which they are requested, while fully aware from past experience that only a fraction will ever be purchased. Mold makers may think it is a great success when orders are received in excess of what can be shipped, however, ignoring the wishes of customers (for early delivery) does not make sense. Increasing design and manufacturing hours would be the best proposed solution. However, such an expansion is not practical because more space, more capital for equipment, and a more qualified workforce would be required to capitalize on such immediate expansion. In most cases, the answer is to work overtime; however, some areas limit how many hours can be worked overtime. As long as qualified personnel are available on time, adding shift work in some areas might be helpful. Subcontracting some of the work is one option for the mold maker. When they operate on a smaller scale, mold makers often outsource design work and some machining and finishing operations.

Validation on quotation

It is always advisable to include the phrase "subject to confirmation" in any quotation you provide. Mold makers reserve the right to conduct an additional evaluation of the quotation and consider the impact it will have on shop volume, before committing to a delivery time with a formal "order confirmation". It is also wise for the mold maker to carefully examine the quoted price upon the formality of confirmation since the customer has clearly indicated that they are serious about ordering the mold. A mold maker and customer could be engaged in some serious discussions now, if one wants to extend the delivery time, or even request a higher price; however, it is far better to have an argument now rather than losing money on the job or confronting unpleasant disagreements later. Upon acceptance of the confirmation by the customer, the mold maker is responsible for maintaining the delivery date. An unreachable delivery date is the worst. Mold makers should keep their customers on top of the status of their ordered molds regularly (weekly or monthly), and should inform the customer as soon as something threatening their delivery date has occurred. Mold makers should never forget that their customers have an obligation to the people who expect the molded products. A steady flow of work would be appreciated by almost all mold makers. It is not true in practice. A famine may occur instead of a feast. There are many factors affecting shop demand, so it is not possible to predict exact demand for molds in advance. Mold work is seasonally dependent, so production is highest in fall and winter, and it reduces in summer, along with other factors. No mold maker wants to cut salary if there is little work; more often than not, especially machinists, prefer working overtime over regular hours during periods of abundance. Our best option, when it comes to planning, has always been to have backlogs of orders going back a few months, usually from customers who aren't bothered by the wait, given that they know they will receive excellent service. A moldmaker should also allow for some unexpected problems to arise in the shop. Read the full article

[customscents]

How Do You Get a V-shape Face Easily and Quickly?

Living in a world of Instagram makes people more concerned about their facial appearance. Getting charismatic photos is now a high priority in the era of social media popularity. Thus, people are opting for cosmetic treatments and skin enhancements.

Although there are many non-surgical procedures that help you get the required facial change with minimal fuss and downtime. But, among all facial treatments and changes, an oval or V shape face is always a sought-after and desired facial shape. Also, doctors recommend several procedures to have chiseled jawline and chin implantation.

Getting a diamond face shape procedure includes obtaining a facial bone in a frame and having a well-projected chin. If you’re also longing to have a slim face with a reduced double chin and sharped jawlines to slay in your Instagram and Facebook photos, then stick to our blog.

We have a range of astounding non-surgical face lifting procedures that can help your face to have a feminine and slimmer look.

What’s V Shape Face?

The facial shape is an eye-catching part that attracts attention. Just like the body, faces also have different shapes and sizes. People have round, long and square-shaped faces, and nowadays, V face shape or diamond face shape is the most demanding. This shape includes a sharper chin, slim and defined jawbones. Moreover, having an oval shape denotes elegance, youthful appearance, and vitality.

Treatments to Achieve Diamond Face Shape

Surgical procedures and long recovery period treatments have always created a hassle and complications if people look for skin enchantments and plastic surgeries. Going under the knife processes have promoted non-surgical methods to get structured jawlines, slim cheeks, and reduced saggy chins.

In our blog, we have compiled three face lifting methods that can be straightforward solutions for your facial appearance.

A lot of factors are there that affect your face shapes, such as weight gain, illness, genetics, Bruxism, medication, and bone structure. And, if your face has might become a victim of one of them. However, you can undergo the process of dermal fillers to achieve perfectly contoured cheekbones and a sharper chin. They are a kind of gel-like substance that are injected under the skin to fill up fine lines and wrinkles. Dermal fillers replace volume loss and stimulate the growth of collagen.

Other than dermal fillers, HIFU, a non-surgical treatment, can be helpful to obtain a V -shaped face. By emitting precise ultrasonic energy into the deep, superficial skin area, the HIFU process reduces facial fat and does chin implantation. Along with that, it tightens the bulging skin and helps your face look youthful and attractive.

We understand that undefined jowls and saggy chin areas have an impact on your overall face look. Therefore, we brought BTX treatment which includes a dose of BTX (a small quantity of neurotoxin protein) to inject into masseter muscles. Then it stops muscle activities and causes shrinkage in size that helps in getting rid of wrinkles and unstructured square jaws. Furthermore, this treatment is beneficial for migraine and bruxism patients since it releases overall jaw muscle stress.

The Bottom Line

Having a diamond face shape or V shape face is becoming a dream of many Asian women. Fortunately, medical technology has revolutionized non-surgical options for people who’re willing to achieve defined jaw lines and a sharp chin, which means that you can get rid of facial deformity in less than 30 minutes.

Get the treatments done and have the most visually attractive face shape.

[lsmithart]

** Slipcasting an egg shell / casting research

I wanted to learn how to slipcast using porcelain in second year however due to covid, I had to put this on hold. Following my bird cage sculpture, I thought about creating a slipcast of an egg shell to accompany it. I therefore went down to Dan in ceramics and, with his assistance, created a one part plaster mould of an egg shell. The plaster omould took a few days to dry and so he demonstrated the process using an existing mould. i purchased some slip from him so that I could play around with the process using my mould in my own time. I am interested in the properties of slipcasting as creating a skin-like form. I took the time to read up on the slipcasting process:

Notes from Slipcasting by Sasha Wardell

Definition of slip: Suspension of clay in water

Definition of casting: Forming pottery by pouring slip into porous moulds. On emptying, an even layer of slip coats the interior of the mould.

Principle of casting: A dry porous mould is filled with liquid clay or slip. The capillary action of the plaster removes a high proportion of the water from the slip adjacent to it resulting in a layer, or skin, of clay being build up on the inner surface of the mould. This remains when the surplus slip is emptied. The thickness of this layer, or cast, is determined by the length of time the slip remains in the mould.

Porcelain is a very smooth clay and so is able to pick up any fine detail.

Plaster’s general properties have been known since at least 2500BC when the ancient Egyptians used it to fill the joints of the Great Pyramid. They also used it to make death masks and for casting parts of the human body. The ancient Greeks were also using it as far back as the 5th century to make one-piece press moulded forms.

Plaster should be stored in a dry atmosphere at a temperature no less than 13 degrees Celsius in an airtight container. Its shelf life is no longer than 3 months. Older plaster has probably absorbed moisture from the atmosphere which will ultimately affect the mix thus increasing the risk of lumps and unevenness, as well as prolonging the setting time and reducing the strength of the set plaster. It is best to order only a few bags as necessary.

Plaster mixing: 1 ½ pounds of plaster : 1 part water

Plaster is most favoured by ceramicists for its many advantages. It can be worked in either a wet, damp or dry state and although thin sheets of flat plaster can warp, it does not change its shape once dry. Once in a model form, it deteriorates very little with time if it does not come into contact with casting slips and their abrasive deflocculants. As it is a porous material, soaping is necessary.

Slip shrinkage guides:

Earthenware – 10%

Stoneware – 11%-12%

Porcelain – 12%

Bone china – 14%-15%

A good workable casting slip should not shrink too much from wet to leather-hard, and it must have good dry strength. It must remain in suspension without settling out and, most importantly, must be sufficiently fluid to pour into and out of moulds using a minimum amount of water aided by deflocculant.

Deflocculation means the retaining of a high density but fluid slip. Deflocculants aid the dispersion of paricles in the slip which in turn leads to increased fluidity and therefore less water is required. They assist particle suspension and reduce comparative shrinkage in a body mixture. This is obtained by the addition of electrolytes, which are alkalis, in silicate (usually sodium) or in carbonate (soda ash) form. If a clay already contains free alkali it will not deflocculate. The electrolyte alters the charges on the molecules, or clay particles, causing them to repel each other which in turn renders the slip fluid.

The most commonly used deflocculants are:

Sodium silicate;

Soda ash/sodium carbonate;

Calgon

Dispex (manufactured combination of sodium silicate and soda ash). Usually used to adjust slips.

Darvan 7 (American equivalent of Dispex).

The alkalis can affect the properties of the slip, not only its fluidity and thixtropy (the thickness of the slip on standing) which is the plasticity factor, but also its hardness.

Control methods of slip:

Pint weight (density)

Fluidity

Thixotropy

E.g. the water content of a porcelain casting slip should not exceed 50% by weight of the dry ingredients and may be as low as 25%. The lower the water content, the more casts can be taken from a mould before it becomes saturated. The hardness and softness of the water also has an effect on the slip.

Porcelain and Bone China by Sasha Wardell

Basic porcelain recipe:

50% china clay

25% feldspar

25% quartz

2-3% ball clay/bentonite

Standard low biscuit firing: 1000 degrees Celsius

Standard glaze firing: 1280-1450 degrees Celsius

Shrinkage after firing: 12-15% (depending on firing)

Porcelain is considered a difficult clay to throw with, especially for beginners.

The knot test: Roll out a thin layer of clay and tie it in a knot. Observe what happens – some porcelains will form smooth knots, whilst others will crack. If it cracks, the clay is too short to be easily used for handbuilding.

Cleanliness in the studio and good preparation is key to keeping the porcelain clean and white.

Porcelain has a tendency to absorb water rapidly so is more prone to collapse.

A variety of processes can be carried out when the clay is at the leather-hard stage. Stamps, textures or impressions can be added at this stage. Porcelain can also be cut and reassembled when leather-hard.

Bone China is not usually associated with throwing as it contains very little clay content and is considered an ‘industrial’ material.

Both porcelain and bone china can be used in different hand-building processes. The pieces to be joined should be of equal dampness as, due to the high shrinkage of porcelain, it will otherwise likely crack. Use a slip/slurry made from dry body scraps mixed with water to wet each joining piece of clay – also cross hatch the surface.

Paper pulp can be added to porcelain and bone china to make it more workable as a hand-building material.

Roll clay out onto a clean cloth to avoid it picking up any pieces of dust or dirt.

The basic principle of slip casting involves filling liquid clay into a dry, porous mould. The porous mould removes a proportion of the water from the slip, depositing a layer of clay on the inner surface of the mould. After the cast shrinks away from the mould, it can be removed and another cast can be made. Before plaster of Paris was discovered, the Chinese used biscuit-fired moulds made from porcelain. Plaster is now the most commonly used moulding material.

Distortion and warping are the main disadvantages when casting with porcelain or bone china. This is because the ‘memory’ present in these high-firing clays exaggerate any faults or imperfection. Low-firing slip cast porcelain (1100 degrees Celsius) has the advantage of minimising distortion and so remains ‘true to form’.

The Art of Doing: Plaster Techniques by Lies de Jonge

The photos below visually show the process of creating the mould and pouring the slip into it:

References:

de Jonge, L., (1985). Plaster Techniques. Kaplan. Available at https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=oCYRAQAAMAAJ.

Wardell, S., (2004). Porcelain and bone china. Crowood Press. Wardell, S., (2007). Slipcasting. University of Pennsylvania Press.

[crushing-machine]

What products are made by injection molding?

What is the principle of injection molding process? Injection molding: refers to a model with a certain shape. The molten colloid is injected into the mold cavity by pressure. The process principle is: the solid plastic is melted at a certain melting point and injected at a certain speed through the pressure of the injection machine In the mold, the mold is cooled by a water channel to solidify the plastic to obtain the same product as the designed cavity. It is mainly used for the molding of thermoplastics, but also for the molding of thermoset plastics. What are the factors that affect the injection result? 1. Material temperature: The processing temperature of the plastic is controlled by the barrel of the injection machine. The correct selection of the barrel temperature is related to the plasticization quality of the plastic. The principle is to ensure smooth injection molding without causing partial degradation of the plastic. Generally, the maximum temperature at the end of the barrel should be higher than the flow temperature (or melting temperature) of the plastic, but lower than the decomposition temperature of the plastic. In addition to strictly controlling the maximum temperature of the injection machine barrel during production, the residence time of the plastic melt in the barrel should also be controlled. When determining the barrel temperature, the structural characteristics of the product and mold should also be considered. When forming thin-walled or complex-shaped products, the flow resistance is large, and increasing the barrel temperature helps to improve the fluidity of the melt. The maximum temperature of the nozzle is usually controlled to be slightly lower than the maximum temperature of the barrel to prevent the melt from casting at the nozzle mouth. 2. Mold temperature: In the injection molding process, the mold temperature is controlled by the cooling medium (usually water), which determines the cooling rate of the plastic melt. The lower the mold temperature, the faster the cooling rate, and the faster the melt temperature decreases, resulting in an increase in melt viscosity and injection pressure loss, which may even cause insufficient mold filling in severe cases. As the mold temperature increases, the melt fluidity increases, the required filling pressure decreases, and the surface quality of the product improves; but due to the increase in cooling time, the productivity of the product decreases and the molding shrinkage rate of the product increases.

LISONG machinery professional provide the plastic injection molding machine.Our machines with good quality and low price.The manufacturers email:kevin@lisonginc.com .web:http://lisongmachine.com/product/index.html