#Walnut Land Farm In Turkey
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aimfarmlandsturkey · 9 months ago
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sotwk · 1 year ago
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Food and Agriculture in Thranduil's Kingdom
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It's unfortunate that Thorin's Company was welcomed as dinner guests in Rivendell but imprisoned as invaders in Mirkwood. Had Thorin just shown King Thranduil just a little bit more respect, they could have been fed a whole lot better by the Silvans. And there would most definitely have been meat!
While the Rivendell elves seem to lean vegetarian, and Lothlorien's culinary specialty is the "one bite" lembas, the elves of Greenwood know more than a thing or two about indulgent feasting. These elves consider themselves permanent residents of their land, and with that outlook comes an attitude of celebrating Middle-earth's bounties.
The Silvans of the Woodland Realm have always been fond of feasting, merry-making, and community and family traditions centered around food. Furthermore, they are ruled by a King and royal family who whole-heartedly support this culture, participate in it themselves, and encourage trade that allows the realm to access food from other lands.
When it comes to food, the Greenwood elves are actually more alike Dwarves and Hobbits than they are the lofty High Elves.
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Below the cut are SotWK headcanons regarding Food and Agriculture in the Woodland Realm:
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Food, Cuisine, and Agriculture in the Woodland Realm
Prior to the establishment of the Woodland Realm and in the early reign of King Oropher (c. SA 700), the Silvan Elves populating Greenwood lived in smaller communities spread throughout the vast forest, but predominantly in the southwest, closer to their kin in Lorinand. Limited subsistence farming was practiced by a few, but by far most food at this time was obtained through hunting and gathering. The rich and bountiful Greenwood had always provided more than enough resources for its dwellers.
GATHERING
Greenwood Elves happily spend most of their immortal lives within Eryn Galen and the lands of Rhovanion, so they are accustomed to living off solely what the forest produces, and their diet is influenced largely by it.
The most commonly foraged edibles are:
Nuts: hazelnut, pecan, walnut, hickory, beechnut, chestnut
Fruit: plum, apple, grape, persimmon
Berries: mulberry, blackberry, currant, elderberry, raspberry
Wild garlic and ramps
Fungi: mushrooms and truffles of many varieties
Eggs: from various wild birds
Herbs and Spices: fennel, corn mint, dandelions, ground elder, pigweed, cicely, sorrel, hogweed, stinging nettle, watercress, wild carrot, rowan, wood avens, sneezewort
Maple: sourced for sugar and syrup
There are also hundreds of plant species native only to Greenwood and Rhovanion that are valued for their uses in healing. However, the Silvan herbalists of Greenwood are usually the only ones able to effectively extract the curative properties of these plants, indicating a connection between Elves and homeland may be necessary for the healing to work.
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Art from Fantasy Flight Games
HUNTING
Greenwood Elves are expert hunters and trackers, with unparalleled mastery within their forest and the lands that surround its borders. With careful consideration and instinctual knowledge of the forest ecosystem, they select their prey according to what's most populous, and rotate as necessary to balance out conservation levels.
Among the animals they hunt regularly for meat consumption are rabbit, squirrel, duck, turkey, quail, weasel, racoon, boar, deer, wild oxen, and elk. On rare or special occasions, they hunt less common game such as lion and bear. They also obtain fish and freshwater mussels, clams, and snails from the Forest River and various streams.
It is illegal in Greenwood to hunt or kill specific animals that are declared a protected species, including the King's Elk (the breed of Thranduil's war elk), the silverwolf, and all species of eagle or falcon.
Any fauna or fauna may also be temporarily decreed off-limits for hunting or gathering, by order of the Elvenking and his council.
Any animal taken in as an elf's pet or familiar may also not be killed, so long as it has been properly tamed and does not pose a risk to others.
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Throughout the Second Age, the Woodland Realm's population steadily increased under the wise rule of King Oropher and his court. As the communities and villages that made up the kingdom grew larger and more numerous, the practice of agriculture became more widespread to bolster the realm's food supply.
In the Woodland Realm, farming would always remain secondary to hunting and gathering due to the preference of Silvans for wild game and native vegetation. Farmed products serve primarily to enhance cuisine, supplement large feasts, provide reserves in case of war or famine, and as goods for trade with other realms.
FARMING and LIVESTOCK
Tracts of community farmlands were gradually cultivated in the arable fields between Greenwood's western borders (near the capital of Amon Lanc) and the Anduin River.
In order of output, the food crops most commonly grown are: wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, lettuce, peppers, and peas.
Fiber crops grown for cloth, paper, and rope include: flax, hemp, and cotton.
Domesticated animals are raised in small numbers solely for their by-products and not their meat. In order of importance, livestock that are raised are:
Sheep: source of wool and milk
Chickens: source of eggs
Cows: source of milk and for birthing calves
Animals raised for labor include:
Horses: highly valued and raised exclusively for transport and mounted cavalry
Oxen: used as beasts of burden (large-scale/community work)
Donkeys: used as beasts of burden (small-scale/family work)
When Prince Thranduil built his own palace of Bar Lasgalen just south of the Old Forest Road (which would later become the new capital upon his ascension to the throne), he helped the Silvans residing in the valleys of the Emyn Duir to initiate small-scale agriculture, which encouraged further migration into that area and northward towards the Grey Mountains.
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Elvish historians refer to the first millennium of the Third Age as the "Golden Age of the Woodland Realm". During these years, the kingdom enjoyed an unbroken peace under a wise King and Queen who also had five sons actively involved in the governance of the realm.
Departing from his father's more isolationist leanings, Thranduil encouraged trade with realms across Middle-earth. It included all the races except for Hobbits, since the Shire did not yet exist prior to the darkening of Greenwood.
Sadly, most trade came to a stop by the end of the Third Age, with the exception of the nearby Dale, due to the struggles with Dol Guldur. However, after Erebor was reestablished by King Thorin, trade gradually resumed with the Dwarves. After the War of the Ring and the Cleansing of Dol Guldur, Eryn Lasgalen once again thrived with renewed relations with their trade partners--finally including the Shire!
AGRICULTURAL TRADE
The Woodland Realm's three most valuable exported agricultural products are:
Rare spices
Mushrooms and truffles
Medicinal herbs (extremely valuable but highly controlled to prevent misuse)
Imported goods are considered luxuries and not necessities, and are brought in seasonally for community feasts and celebrations (of which there are many). Everything is meant for the consumption of all the kingdom's citizens, regardless of status; there is never anything reserved as "special" for the royals or nobles.
The top agricultural imports, usually from realms/communities of Men, are:
Wine
Textiles (silk, cotton)
Seafood
Sugar
Cheeses
ARTISAN COOKS and BAKERS
Exposure to outside realms and cultures also resulted in an expansion of the culinary arts within Thranduil's kingdom. Cooking and baking became full-blown, respected and sought-after professions instead of tasks done within individual households. With the King's support, talented Elves were sent to other realms to learn their culinary practices; chefs from other kingdoms were invited to Greenwood as royal guests to do the same.
A few culinary feats and innovations the Woodland Elves became known for:
Use of offal (innards) in recipes that actually taste fantastic, thanks to seasonings and skilled cookery
Using literally every single part of a butchered animal with zero waste
Aphrodisiacs in common food recipes, using plant ingredients (partly responsible for their marriage and birth rates and large families)
Salted game meat (jerky) that is highly nourishing and excellent for travel; essentially a meat version of lembas
The use of whipped egg whites to make essentially a type of meringue--which opened up an entire category of desserts that became staples at feasts
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Bonus Fun Headcanons! (as a thank you for reading this far)
Mealtimes in Thranduil's Family
No one can beat Ada in drinking contests, ever; it has been attempted hundreds of times--usually with Dorwinion wine--and Thranduil has never been dethroned by his sons.
The King and every single one of the Princes are all heavy eaters, and everyone, including the Queen, eats meat.
While they all observe formal manners at the table, the Princes can get rowdy when not in the presence of their mother--especially when there's drinking involved. (Not quite as bad as Thorin's Company, but close.)
Breakfast: Taken individually in their own rooms, according to each one's schedule/leisure
Lunch: The most commonly skipped meal; usually taken "on the go", and oftentimes with people outside of the family (e.g. business lunches, lunch with friends)
Dinner: The family meal. Everyone is expected to sit down and eat dinner with the rest of the family, unless traveling or there is a prior commitment that takes precedence.
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Random Fun Food Facts with the Thranduilions
The Princes regularly compete to see who can eat the most exotic/"disgusting" food items. Turhir remains champion at this (able and willing to eat literally everything), with Legolas frequently trying (and constantly failing) to unseat him.
They have also competed to see who can eat the riskiest (aka poisonous) food items. Arvellas has somehow proven to be the most impervious to natural poisons, much to Gelir's frustration.
Legolas can go the longest without eating food, but no one really cares to try to beat his record.
Mirion is the heaviest eater, but is also the fastest, and because he has flawless table manners no one really notices.
Gelir can find truffles just using his sense of smell--yes, like a truffle pig. He has successfully trained other similarly gifted Elves to do the same.
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For more Thranduil/Mirkwood headcanons: SotWK HC Masterlist
Tolkien Headcanon tag list: @quickslvxr @laneynoir @auttumnsayshi @achromaticerebus @tamryniel @friendofthefellowshipsnerdblog @blueberryrock @aduialel @glassgulls @ladyweaslette @klytemnestra13 @creativity-of-death @heilith @fizzyxcustard @absentmindeduniverse @lathalea @tamurilofrivendell @jordie-your-local-halfling @ladyk8tie @scyllas-revenge @asianbutnotjapanese @conversacomsmaug @lemonivall @ratsys @a-world-of-whimsy-5 @entishramblings @stormchaser819 @freshalmondpandadonut
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aimfarmlands · 4 years ago
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Are you looking for land to cultivate a variety of walnut trees? We offer the sale of agricultural land in Turkey... A huge bonus is offered to these lands. We bring to your attention the sale of walnut farmlands, agricultural land for walnut orchards in Turkey. We support you in making the right decision of choosing the best farmland for you that requires low-cost investment.
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ultraheydudemestuff · 4 years ago
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Mary Jane Thurston State Park
1466 State Rte. 65
McClure, OH 43534
Mary Jane Thurston State Park is a 105-acre public recreation area lying along the Maumee River near remains of the historic Miami and Erie Canal in Wood and Henry counties, Ohio, at Grand Rapids, OH. It is named for Mary Jane Thurston, a schoolteacher from Grand Rapids, Ohio, who bequeathed land for the establishment of a park. The state park is open for year-round recreation including, hunting, fishing and boating, picnicking, camping, and hiking. This area has played a key role in the history of northwest Ohio. The rivers provided a travel route for numerous Indian tribes including the Iroquois, Miami, Lenape, Ottawa, Erie, Wyandot, and Shawnee. Anglo-American explorers were also drawn to the rivers for many of the same reasons as the Native Americans. It provided a reliable source of water as well as an abundance of fish and game.
President George Washington dispatched General Anthony Wayne and his army to the Northwest Territory to put down an Indian uprising, led by the Shawnee leader Blue Jacket. Wayne built Fort Defiance and defeated Blue Jacket at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. After that, the land was opened to settlement by Anglo-Americans. Homesteaders arrived soon after. They cleared the land and began farming. The Miami and Erie and Wabash and Erie Canals passed through an area now included in the park. The canals connected the Ohio River with Lake Erie. Cities such as Defiance grew along the banks of the canal. They developed into trade and industrial centers. The canal system thrived for about thirty years in the mid to late 19th century before they were replaced the railroads.
There were challenges keeping enough water in the canals during the 1840s. The state of Ohio built a large dam across the Maumee River at Gilead in 1845. This dam replaced a smaller dam that had been built to provide power to a mill. A side cut canal was built that connected Gilead with the main canal. This caused an economic boom in Gilead and the village was incorporated as Grand Rapids in 1855. The first 14 acres of the Mary Jane Thurston State Park were donated by the park's namesake, Mary Jane Thurston. She was a teacher in Grand Rapids. Thurston donated her land in 1928 and over a period of 40 years land surrounding the Thurston plot was acquired. The park opened to the public in 1968.
The Maumee Valley was formerly covered by Lake Maumee which was a remnant of the last ice age. The lake stretched from what is now Fort Wayne, Indiana to western New York state. The waters from Lake Maumee eventually shifted creating Lake Erie and the Maumee Valley was formed. The Maumee Valley has been changed tremendously since it was settled after the Northwest Indian War. It was in the middle of the Great Black Swamp which was 30 to 40 miles wide and about 120 miles long. It was a heavily forested area that was home to massive sycamore trees that were converted into barns and in some cases homes. Oak and tulip trees were mixed in with the sycamore and walnut. Nearly every tree was cut in less than 100 years after the settlement of Ohio.
The Maumee Valley was one of the last areas of Ohio to be cleared. The swampy ground made it difficult for settlers to enter. The swamp was drained between 1859 and 1875 with a series of ditches and drains. Nearly 2,500,000 acres of land were cleared after the swamps were emptied. The region was covered with farms, as it is today, by 1885. Only six percent of the Maumee Valley is now covered with forests, some of this land is in Mary Jane Thurston State Park and up and down the Maumee River from the park. The park offers camping, boating on the Maumee River, picnicking, hunting, and fishing. Common game animals include white-tailed deer and wild turkeys. The river is home to northern pike, bullhead catfish, smallmouth bass, and crappie. A one-mile stretch of the Buckeye Trail passes through the park.
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poetsdieadolescents · 7 years ago
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Songs to Survive the Summer by Robert Hass
These are the dog days, unvaried except by accident,
mist rising from soaked lawns, gone world, everything rises and dissolves in air, 
whatever it is would clear the air dissolves in air and the knot
of days unties invisibly like a shoelace. The gray-eyed child 
who said to my child: “Let’s play in my yard. It’ OK, my mother’s dead.”
Under the loquat tree. It’s almost a song, the echo of a song:
on the bat’s back I fly merrily toward summer or at high noon
in the outfield clover guzzling Orange Crush, time endless, examining
a wooden coin I’d carried all through summer without knowing it.
The coin was grandpa’s joke, carved from live oak, Indian side and buffalo side.
His eyes lustered with a mirth so deep and rich he never laughed, as if it were a cosmic
secret that we shared. I never understood; it married in my mind with summer. Don’t
take any wooden nickels, kid, and gave me one under the loquat tree.
*
The squalor of mind is formlessness, informis,
the Romans said of ugliness, it has no form, a man’s misery, bleached skies,
the war between desire and dailiness. I thought this morning of Wallace Stevens
walking equably to work and of a morning two Julys ago on Chestnut Ridge, wandering
down the hill when one rusty elm leaf, earth- skin peeling, wafted
by me on the wind. My body groaned toward fall and preternaturally
a heron lifted from the pond. I even thought I heard the ruffle of the wings
three hundred yards below me rising from the reeds. Death is the mother of beauty
and that clean-shaven man smelling of lotion, lint-free, walking
toward his work, a pure exclusive music in his mind.
*
The mother of the neighbor child was thirty-one, died, at Sunday breakfast,
of a swelling in the throat. On a toy loom she taught my daughter
how to weave. My daughter was her friend and now she cannot sleep
for nighttime sirens, sure that every wail is someone dead.
Should I whisper in her ear, death is the mother of beauty? Wooden
nickels, kid? It’s all in shapeliness, give your fears a shape?
*
In fact, we hide together in her books. Prairie farms, the heron
knows the way, old country songs, herbal magic, recipes for soup,
tales of spindly orphan girls who find the golden key, the
darkness at the center of the leafy wood. And when she finally sleeps
I try out Chekhov’s tenderness to see what it can save.
*
Maryushka the beekeeper’s widow, though three years mad,
writes daily letters to her son. Semyon tran- scribes them. The pages
are smudged by his hands, stained with the dregs of tea:
“My dearest Vanushka, Sofia Agrippina’s ill again. The master
asks for you. Wood is dear. The cold is early. Poor
Sofia Agrippina! The foreign doctor gave her salts
but Semyon says her icon candle guttered St. John’s eve. I am afraid,
Vanya. When she’s ill, the master likes to have your sister flogged.
She means no harm. The rye is gray this time of year.
When it is bad, Vanya, I go into the night and the night eats me.”
*
The haiku comes in threes with the virtues of brevity:
           What a strange thing!            To be alive            beneath plum blossoms.
The black-headed Steller’s jay is squawking in our plum.
Thief! Thief! A hard, indifferent bird, he’d snatch your life.
*
The love of books is for children who glimpse in them
a life to come, but I have come to that life and
feel uneasy with the love of books. This is my life,
time islanded in poems of dwindled time. There is no other world.
*
But I have seen it twice. In the Palo Alto marsh sea bird rose is early light
and took me with them. Another time, dreaming, river birds lifted me,
swans, small angelic terns, and an old woman in a shawl dying by a dying lake
whose life raised men from the dead in another country.
*
Thick nights, and nothing lets us rest. In the heat of mid-July our lust
is nothing. We swell and thicken. Slippery, purgatorial, our sexes
will not give us up. Exhausted after hours and not undone,
we crave cold marrow from the tiny bones that moonlight scatters
on our skin. Always morning arrives, the stunned days,
faceless, droning in the juice of rotten quince, the flies, the heat.
*
Tears, silence. The edified generations eat me, Maryushka.
I tell them pain is form and almost persuade
myself. They are not listening. Why should they? Who
cannot save me any more than I, weeping over Great Russian Short
Stories in summer, under the fattened figs, saved you. Besides
it is winter there. They are trying out a new recipe for onion soup.
*
Use a heavy-bottomed three- or four-quart pan. Thinly slice six large
yellow onions and sauté in olive oil and butter until limp. Pour in
beef broth. Simmer thirty minutes, add red port and bake
for half an hour. Then sprinkle half a cup of diced Gruyère and cover
with an even layer of toasted bread and shredded Samsoe. Dribble
melted butter on the top and bake until the cheese has bubbled gold.
Surround yourself with friends. Huddle in a warm place. Ladle. Eat.
*
Weave and cry. Child, every other siren is a death;
the rest are for speeding. Look how comically the jay’s black head emerges
from a swath of copper leaves. Half the terror is the fact that,
in our time, speed saves us, a whine we’ve traded for the hopeless patience
of the village bell which tolled in threes: weave and cry and weave.
*
Wilhelm Steller, form’s hero, made a healing broth.
He sailed with Bering and the crew despised him, a mean impatient man
born low enough to hate the lower class. For two years
he’d connived to join the expedition and put his name to all the beasts
and flowers of the north. Now Bering sick, the crew half-mad with scurvy,
no one would let him go ashore. Panic, the maps were useless,
the summer weather almost gone. He said, there are herbs that can cure you,
I can save you all, He didn’t give a damn about them and they knew it. For two years
he’d prepared. Bering listened. Asleep in his bunk, he’s seen death writing in the log.
On the island while the sailors searched for water Steller gathered herbs
and looking up he saw the blue, black-crested bird, shrilling in a pine.
His mind flipped to Berlin, the library, a glimpse he’d had at Audubon,
a blue-gray crested bird exactly like the one that squawked at him, a
Carolina jay, unlike any European bird; he knew then where they were,
America, we’re saved. No one believed him or, sick for home, he didn’t care
what wilderness it was. They set sail west. Bering died.
Steller’s jay, by which I found Alaska. He wrote it in his book.
*
Saved no one. Still, walking in the redwoods I hear the cry
thief, thief and think of Wilhelm Steller; in my dream we
are all saved. Camping on a clement shore in early fall, a strange land.
We feast most delicately. The swans are stuffed with grapes, the turkey with walnut
and chestnut and wild plum. The river is our music: unalaska (to make bread from acorns
we leach the tannic acid out– this music, child, and more, much more!)
*
When I was just your age, the war was over and we moved.
An Okie family lived next door to our new country house. That summer
Quincy Phipps was saved. The next his house became an unofficial Pentecostal church.
Summer nights: hidden in the garden I ate figs, watched where the knobby limbs
rose up and flicked against the windows where they were. O Je-sus.
Kissed and put to bed, I slipped from the window to the eaves and nestled
by the loquat tree. The fruit was yellow-brown in daylight; under the moon
pale clusters hung like other moons, O Je-sus, and I picked them;
the fat juices dribbling down my chin, I sucked and listened.
Men groaned. The women sobbed and moaned, a long unsteady belly-deep
bewildering sound, half pleasure and half pain that ended sometimes
in a croon, a broken song: O Je-sus, Je-sus.
*
That is what I have to give you, child, stories, songs, loquat seeds,
curiously shaped; they are the frailest stay against our fears. Death
in the sweetness, in the bitter and the sour, death in the salt, your tears,
this summer ripe and overripe. It is a taste in the mouth, child. We are the song
death takes its own time singing. It calls us as I call you child
to calm myself. It is every thing touched casually, lovers, the images
of saviors, books, the coin I carried in my pocket till it shone, it is
all things lustered by the steady thoughtlessness of human use.
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joshuajacksonlyblog · 7 years ago
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Pavo Performs Ongoing California Installations of Their IoT Blockchain Solution for Agriculture
Modern agriculture is an over $5 trillion industry that faces more unique obstacles than ever before. Climate change and jurisdictional regulations continue to challenge farmers, who are tasked with meeting the nutritional needs of an ever-growing world population with fewer and fewer land resources. Traditional agricultural techniques alone can no longer accommodate world demand, while catastrophic weather events can wipe out an entire region’s crops, driving up costs globally.
Farmers are eager to adopt new farming techniques, and many are willing to implement new innovations in AgTech to help them meet demand. Fortunately, the outlook for contemporary farming practices has just improved, as Pavo, the IoT blockchain solution for the AgTech ecosystem, accelerates the roll-out their technology on farms in the US. Pavo’s blockchain-enabled solution was developed to help growers optimize their planting, growing, and harvesting strategies to improve overall crop quality and yield.
Pavo is in part an IoT-driven platform that relies on sensors that monitor and report soil and growing conditions to farmers through the platform’s iOS and Android app. Using the app farmers can see real-time info on temperature, humidity, soil, moisture, and more from virtually anywhere in the world. Their system was recently installed on a farm in Stockton and at an almond and walnut farm in Dixon, California, with a third installation happening in Merced in the near future.
The Dixon farm is a 10-acre farm with 7 acres of planted almond and walnut trees, including some 50-year-old almond trees, along with younger 7- to 15-year-old trees. They also cultivate 40-year-old walnut trees. The system was installed by Pavo’s IT sensor engineer within a couple of hours, and features in-ground and above ground sensors powered by solar panels or AAA batteries that require minimal power. Everything is connected wirelessly to the app. The next aim of the project is to create a turnkey plug-and-play solution that can be easily deployed by anyone within minutes.
Almonds are California’s largest tree nut crop, and one of the top agricultural exports from the state itself and the US overall. Yet, Californian farmers are faced with strict watering restrictions, which is problematic with a notoriously thirsty crop like almonds. Farmers often have to import water to their farms in order to keep the trees healthy and productive, but this puts the growers under the microscope of environmentalists and legislators worried about California’s depleted water table.
With Pavo’s IoT technology, however, an almond grower can choose the ideal timing and amount of watering needed to ensure greater nut yields, without taxing water resources unnecessarily. Growers are able to assess seasonal patterns and temperatures, so they are watering at optimal times, and they can track consumption and the amount of water going into the ground.
Future development of the product could soon offer even more peace of mind for farmers. A catastrophic cold snap in northern California earlier this year when the almond trees were just beginning to bloom wiped out up to 80% of this year’s crop. With Pavo’s IoT system, farmers could be warned early enough to deploy things like wind machines and sprinklers to offset the effects of weather events such as an unseasonal freeze and mitigate the overall damage to the crop.
Pavo’s core technology was initially developed to meet the needs of nut tree farmers in Turkey. While the project is appropriate for any crop type, the company’s initial expertise in this sector has prompted them to start to develop some of the features that a global blockchain-driven ecosystem can deliver to farmers worldwide with the tree nut industry. Their solution, presented to farmers in a SaaS subscription model, has the potential to collect, aggregate, and share cultivation information from farmers all around the world, giving growers the opportunity to analyze and learn techniques from other places. By integrating blockchain into its platform, Pavo lets growers ensure excellence as their product moves through the supply chain, which means buyers anywhere can track product quality right down to a specific harvest lot.
youtube
As the company’s vice chairman and co-founder, Allan Young, points out:
Farmers have a lot of reporting requirements and compliance regulations that they need to know and monitor regarding irrigation, moisture, etcetera. Our system not only allows growers to track the health and efficiency of their own crop production, but also makes it easy for them to ensure they have complied with various legislative and reporting obligations.
The company is now in the second phase of its public ICO presale, which has a minimum purchase requirement of 5,000 tokens and features a 33% bonus. Pavo has chosen ICOBox, the world’s premier SaaS solution for companies carrying out their own ICOs, to guide them through the process. The main sale for PavoCoin begins on June 12, 2018, featuring a 25% bonus and no minimum purchase requirement. The main ICO will continue until July 14, 2018, with decreasing bonuses available throughout the sale.
For more information about PavoCoin, please visit pavocoin.com.
Images courtesy of Pavo, Flickr/Eric Sonstroem
The post Pavo Performs Ongoing California Installations of Their IoT Blockchain Solution for Agriculture appeared first on Bitcoinist.com.
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ladystylestores · 4 years ago
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An Ancient Valley Lost to ‘Progress’
In his push for economic development, Turkey’s president has flooded the archaeological gem of Hasankeyf and displaced thousands of families.
July 5, 2020
HASANKEYF, Turkey — There was something exceptional about Hasankeyf that made visitors fall in love with the town on first sight.
Graced with mosques and shrines, it lay nestled beneath great sandstone cliffs on the banks of the River Tigris. Gardens were filled with figs and pomegranates, and vine-covered teahouses hung over the water.
The golden cliffs, honeycombed with caves, are thought to have been used in Neolithic times. An ancient fortress marked what was once the edge of the Roman Empire. The ruins of a medieval bridge recalled when the town was a wealthy trading center on the Silk Road.
Now it is all lost forever, submerged beneath the rising waters of the Ilisu Dam, the latest of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s megaprojects, which flooded 100 miles of the upper Tigris River and its tributaries, including the once-stunning valley.
I visited the area repeatedly with the photographer Mauricio Lima for half a year to witness the disappearance of the valley unfold in slow motion. The steadily expanding reservoir displaced more than 70,000 anguished inhabitants. Unexplored archaeological riches were swallowed up along with farms and homes.
The waters have rendered Hasankeyf an irretrievable relic of the bygone civilizations that had been similarly drawn to the beauty of the valley, carved over millenniums by one of the Middle East’s greatest rivers.
When Mr. Erdogan turned on the first turbine of the hydroelectric dam, celebrating the project’s completion in May, the president had his eye on more immediate concerns, but also on future glories, promising that it would bring peace and prosperity to southeastern Turkey.
“The wind of peace, brotherhood and prosperity that will blow from the Ilisu Dam will be felt in these lands for centuries,” he told the ceremony via video link. The dam would contribute billions to the economy and irrigate thousands of hectares of farmland, he said.
Government officials have emphasized that hydropower offered their greenest option when they decided to push ahead with the dam a dozen years ago, allowing Turkey to reduce its dependence on imported coal and gas.
But many who lost their homes and livelihoods say they were never really consulted. They are bitter and traumatized. Environmentalists and archaeologists, in Turkey and abroad, are angry and frustrated, too, at the loss of the valley and its treasures.
Their efforts to save Hasankeyf collapsed in the face of Mr. Erdogan’s increasing authoritarianism. International law, lagging behind the shifting attitudes around climate change and the value of protecting the environment, was inadequate for safeguarding the cultural heritage, they say.
Zeynep Ahunbay, a conservation architect, campaigned for more than a decade to save Hasankeyf, not only for its archaeological gems but also for the value of its ancient natural setting.
“You see this valley, it is so impressive,” Ms. Ahunbay said, describing what it was like to round the hillside and see Hasankeyf come into view. “You see this river cutting the rock and it goes down and down, and in the end you have the citadel of Hasankeyf. It is really marvelous, and nature and man have formed this place.”
“To disturb or change the natural process of the river is also criminal,” she said. “You lose the beauty, you lose history, you lose nature. You are a loser all the time.”
When Mr. Erdogan first announced his determination to build the dam, he championed it not only for the energy it would provide Turkey’s expanding economy but also for the development it would bring to the impoverished and insurgency-riven southeast.
The dam is part of the massive Southeastern Anatolia Project irrigation plan that was begun in the 1980s.
When the plan was first conceived in the 1950s there was little thought of its impact on the environment or on those who would be forced to leave. But as Turkey developed democratically, opponents of the dam began organizing.
International activist organizations became involved, too, challenging international investors over concerns about the environmental impact, the loss of cultural heritage and the damage to communities downstream in Iraq and Syria.
Ms. Ahunbay did not oppose the dam itself, but campaigned to preserve Hasankeyf and resisted a plan to move the ancient monuments to higher ground and to entomb one in concrete.
As president of the International Council on Monuments and Sites, an international professional association that works to protect cultural heritage sites, she and a group of colleagues took the case to the European Court of Human Rights. They lost in the end because none of the plaintiffs were residents of Hasankeyf.
The protest campaigns had early success in 2009, pushing several European partners to withdraw financing mainly because Turkey did not meet the requirements of social impact assessments.
But Mr. Erdogan was undeterred. He ordered Turkish banks to step in and finance the project instead.
Money seemed no object. The government built two new towns to relocate those displaced, and new highways and bridges to skirt the reservoir. Turkish companies, closely allied to Mr. Erdogan’s government, won the building contracts.
The project had become a moneymaking exercise, a local bureaucrat said, asking that he not be identified by name for fear of reprisals from the government.
“They spent a horrendous amount of money,” said Emin Bulut, a local journalist and activist, who said the bill ran to trillions of lira. “They could have fixed all the problems of the south with that.”
In 2012, government officials arrived to begin evaluating property that would be submerged to compensate those who would be displaced. But the money became a source of resentment, dividing the community, and even families, and raising accusations of corruption. The arguments broke apart any unified opposition to the dam.
“We surrendered when they came to measure the houses,” said Birsen Argun, 44, who together with her husband ran the Hasbahce Hotel, the only hotel in Hasankeyf, set in a garden of pomegranate and walnut trees along the river. “We brought it upon ourselves.”
Her husband tried to persuade his brothers to refuse the money and fight for a bigger payment in the courts but they accepted the payout. People withdrew the money from accounts without telling others, she added.
Many of those who did try to organize a protest movement grew up in Hasankeyf, and were even born in the cave homes of the citadel, like Arif Ayhan, 44, who started out selling old coins to tourists and then became a rug dealer.
Politics split the campaign, he said, especially when supporters of the outlawed Kurdish movement, the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, joined the rallies against the dam, chanting slogans and enraging the police.
“This is why we failed,” he said. “We live in the most beautiful place in the world but we could not appreciate the value of this place.”
After years of warnings, the end came suddenly. Last August, the government closed the dam gates and released waters from a reservoir upriver. Families scrambled to move out of villages, abandoning homesteads, selling off livestock and even hastily building new houses and access roads on higher ground.
“We hoped the water would not come,” said Remziye Nas, mother of four, in the village of Bzere, where the water was lapping below her house. “We did not believe it would be flooded.”
In the small town of Temelli, perched above the dam, Hezni Aksu, 60, looked down from his terrace to where his family’s farmhouse and lands were among the first to go under water.
“This land was from our ancestors,” he said bitterly. His son was now an unemployed construction worker. “They made migrants of us.”
In Hasankeyf, under a heavy police presence, bulldozers demolished the old bazaar one weekend last November. As the ceiling caved in and dust fell inside his shop, something snapped inside Mehmet Ali Aslankilic. With a shout he set fire to his belongings in a lone, anguished protest.
“It was my uncle’s shop. I had been working there since I was a child,” he said afterward. “Burning my shop was the only way I could deal with this.”
A few doors down, Mehmet Nuri Aydin, 42, packed his woven rugs of long sheep’s wool into sacks. “We don’t want to go but we have to,” he said, adding that few shopkeepers could afford the rents in the new town.
There was no wider demonstration. Since a failed coup in 2016, Turkey has banned all protests, so the campaign to save Hasankeyf had long since petered out. Activists were even careful about what they posted on social media. Government officials kept photographers away.
With the bazaar demolished, families started to load furniture onto trucks and move to specially built homes in the new town. They gathered up the last pomegranates from the trees and piles of firewood, some even wrenching off doors and window frames from their old homes.
“Our hearts are burning,” said Celal Ozbey, a retired civil servant as his wife and sons carried out tables and bundles from the house. They had been assigned a house in the new town but he was not sure they would stay, or if economic life would revive. “Time will tell,” he said.
Fatime Salkan had refused to leave the low-pitched stone house that belonged to her parents, overlooking the 15th century El-Rizk mosque. Officials warned her to move but she was among several dozen single people who, under a quirk of Turkish law, was not considered eligible for a new home.
“They told me to leave many times,” she told me last November. “If an engineer comes, I will say I am going to swim.”
She watched from her terrace in December when Dutch engineers lifted the last of the medieval monuments, the 1,700-ton El-Rizk mosque with its intricately carved portal, onto wheels and transported it across the river.
They deposited it on a man-made hill beside the new town, where the government has assembled various salvaged monuments and built a modern replica of the medieval bridge. They look out of place on the bare hillside, which will be made into a new archaeological park.
Archaeologists insist that monuments ideally should be preserved in their place, but concede that if there is no other option, it is better to save them somehow. For the purists, though, the new Hasankeyf is artificial and charmless.
“The real history is down there and we are drowning it,” said Zulku Emer, 41, a master craftsman who was laying a cobbled street beside the new park. “That’s the Turkish way. We ruin something and then try and live in it.”
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skuditpress · 5 years ago
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Fall on the road in the west, Camas and Wapato planting, Piñon Pine nut harvest
(first posted on Patreon for subscribers)
The past few weeks I have been on the road traveling from Tuscon, AZ after finishing my Signal Fire Wide Open Studios trip, to Durango, Colorado. I met with a new sweetie there. We spent a week and a half canning roadkill deer meat, processing pine nuts we had harvested together a month before when we met up in the remote depths of Nevada, making apple and pear butter from local fruits, concocting batches of deer chili, rendering pork fat for cooking, making deer jerky from the best cuts, pressing medicinal mushroom tinctures for resilience and longevity, planting wapato and camas Gabe collected earlier in the year with the intention to spread their ranges elsewhere, and more. I worked on getting some pieces finished on ground shots land capsules including working on a digitally designed zine, a learning curve that still feels slow for me. 
you can follow Gabe and his wild-tending work on instagram at @plumsforbums
We decided to take a trip to California to do interviews, study plants, harvest acorns and madrone berries if it’s possible, and eventually make our way back to the desert for the winter. 
We stopped in Paonia, Colorado to visit a friend, Nikki Hill, who is a botanist. We recorded two podcast episodes, featuring my sweetie Gabe and Nikki together talking about invasive plant politics and science (hint, they think invasive plant propaganda is bullshit), wild-tending in the west and more. We stayed at Small Potatoes Farm, a cute tiny organic farm up in the hills above the town proper. Scotty, the farmer, was awesome and welcomed up in his tiny home to make food together, and we did some deer meat/fresh carrot trades. I got to visit Elsewhere Studios, a neat artist residency in Paonia that features some pretty unique architecture and hobbit like buildings to work within. I met up with Carolina, the other half of Piney Wood Atlas, a project featured on the podcast this past summer. Carolina, aside from co-running Piney with Alicia Toldi, is also the program manager for Elsewhere. She gave me a tour after meeting for bagels in town. 
In Paonia, Gabe collected a hearty variety of almonds to replant elsewhere, a couple different varieties of walnuts to replant and eat, too. Collecting seeds and nuts to replant is a new way for me in some regards. At least as a priority right now in this semi-nomadic way I’ve been living. Gabe is really focused on the re-planting aspect of wild-tending and seed collection and eyeing places to replant by reading the landscape. I’m enjoying that new collaboration. It involves an eye for detail that surpasses the eye I thought I already had.
We then ventured to Moab, Utah and camped around Canyonlands National Park and on BLM land in the Bear’s Ears area a couple nights at a spot I’ve camped several times before. Going back to places in layers gives me time to think about where I was then and where I’ve been since, and what state of mind I’m in now. I reflect on what I was wanting in my life, and how in a lot of ways, I have what I asked for and more. 
We stopped to visit Emily of Sundial Medicinals at her herb shop in Moab, who was one of the first guests on the podcast. She gave us tea, and we gave her pine nuts to munch.
We then drove to Great Basin National Park and camped three nights, cooking roadkill turkey, pine nuts in salt water, wild rice and delicata squash on the fire. The pine nuts were more abundant than when we were there in September, practically raining on the ground and the weather was divine. We enjoyed 60 degree days and cool nights by the fire. We collected more Piñon pine nuts, rose hips, juniper berries from the Juniperus communis that we found sweet like candy, up at high elevation. We were camped in a riparian area, among Mountain Mahogany, River Birch, Willow, Cottonwoods, Aspens, Piñon Pines, Utah Juniper and more. We pumped water to drink from frigid cold springs, collected firewood every evening for warmth and cooking. It was so nice to have a companion in it all, too.
We woke the morning we were to leave to snow falling and cold temperatures. We waited until the last minute to do some planting back, and did it in the snow with a traditional digging stick and trowel. We planted wild onion and camas bulbs in places where Gabe felt they would thrive. The idea is to plant gardens everywhere for futures humans, for future birds, for future bears. If we all did this wherever we went, what would our world look like? Gabe’s teacher is Finisia Medrano, whom you can learn more about here.
We ventured deeper into Nevada with the storm blowing all around us, snow, rain, swirling fog and dark clouds. We drove route 50, ‘the loneliest highway in america’ a route I have driven many times, and mostly alone.
We stopped at a hot springs at the center of the state, Spencers Hot Springs, a spot I went to the first time I drove through Nevada with my friend Hanah, and was struck then by the immense silence to the point that it made me uncomfortable. Now, I revel in it, I crave it, I’m glad to know places like this still exist. 
Here we soaked in the night, with the fog, snow, and mist looming overhead, only seeing lights from cars in the distance on occasion from the highway that was 6 miles away. Silence. Eerie silence with saltbush and shadshale, desert hares, wild donkeys on the periphery of our camp.
Yesterday we drove from there to the eastern Sierras through the shock of flashing Reno at dusk. We’re currently at Sierra Hot Springs, Gabe is up planting Biscuitroots (Lomatium and Cymopterus species in the Carrot family) and Yampah (Perideridia species in the Carrot family) at a ‘biscuit scab’ we found this morning. Perhaps it is a garden that native peoples planted who once lived here by the hot springs. It is actually quite likely. The valley is full of Camas, the hills are full of Yampah, Biscuitroots, Sedges, other food and material plants. It would have been a wonderfully abundant place to live. It still could be.
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topfygad · 5 years ago
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Delight in Thanksgiving Feasts at These 8 Luxurious Motels With On-Web site Farms – Robb Report
You could remain at dwelling for Thanksgiving, slaving away about a hot oven and getting ready your dwelling for an onslaught of friends, or you could fly the coop and head to a plush hotel that will consider treatment of your every holiday break need—including planning a delicious feast. But though many lodges offer Thanksgiving dinners and deals, a number of certainly stand out when it will come to the cuisine, thanks to entry to their own on-site farms that develop every little thing from pumpkins to squash to potatoes some even elevate their very own cattle and poultry. So to indulge in a genuine farm-to-desk holiday feast, full with lavish accommodations, collect your crew and head to a single of these eight lavish farm motels in the U.S. that are web hosting connoisseur Thanksgiving spreads.
Timbers Kauai
Timbers Kauai  Picture: Courtesy of Timbers Kauai
Who states you can’t head to the seashore for Thanksgiving? Timbers Kauai is a 450-acre vacation resort neighborhood on the Hawaiian island of Kauai that presents both of those immediate ocean access and obtain to a massive farm entire of fresh food stuff. You and your household can sprawl out in a single of 47 villas with sights of the Pacific Ocean and the Hau’pu mountains, then love the beach front club, two swimming pools, a Jack Nicklaus golf class, and luxe spa. When it will come to food, the assets turns to the Farm at Hōkūala, its organic and natural 11-acre plot that grows greens, pineapples, fruit, and twelve common Hawaiian canoe vegetation like kalo, noni, and breadfruit—a extra tropical farm to be confident. Get pleasure from a Farm to Table Thanksgiving Meal at Hualani’s oceanfront cafe or in the comfort and ease of your personal villa. Possibly way, the menu will attract from ingredients from the farm, guaranteeing a contemporary and scrumptious food.
Fearrington Village
Fearrington Inn  Photograph: Courtesy of Fearrington Inn
Located on a former dairy farm in Pittsboro, North Carolina, Fearrington Village, a Relais & Château property, is dwelling to an inn, spa, and 3 dining establishments. The initial dairy barn, granary, farmhouse, and silo stay, whilst gardens expanding vegetables and herbs for the restaurants are sprinkled through the property, and Belted Galloway cows, hen, and Tennessee Fainting Goats graze in a pasture near the entrance. The great dining Fearrington Household Cafe, operate by James Beard Award semifinalist Colin Bedford, will serve a multi-course pre-take care of menu on Thanksgiving that will include things like  Southern essentials like collard greens, sweet potatoes, pork and chestnut stuffing, and a sorghum-glazed turkey, with considerably of the ingredients sourced on website or from nearby farms.
Lodge & Spa at Brush Creek Ranch
The Farm at Brush Creek  Picture: Courtesy of Brush Creek
A operating Wyoming ranch established on 30,000 acres, the Lodge & Spa at Brush Creek Ranch is an all-inclusive luxury ranch expertise. This summer season, the debuted the Farm at Brush Creek, which characteristics several greenhouses increasing goodies like tomatoes, kale and  carrots, as well as a distillery, a brewery, and the Medicine Bow Creamery. These ventures, along with the ranch’s sturdy cattle operation, offer the new good eating restaurant Cheyenne Club with pretty much all of its components. Ranch company can tour the farm and have interaction in 50 percent-day interactive experiences these as “Farmer for a Day” in the greenhouse, a butchery workshop, or a wine mixing seminar (there’s also an considerable cellar at the farm.) On Thanksgiving, friends can partake in holiday cooking classes, and get pleasure from unrestricted things to do including horseback riding, archery, fishing, taking pictures, and the Lil Wrangler software for small children. The holiday break feast at the Cheyenne Club will include a tumble harvest salad, roast turkey and stuffing, pan-seared Rocky Mountain trout, and gnocchi with acorn squash and wintertime greens. And, of class, there will be pie: apple, pumpkin and pecan.
The Inn at Minimal Washington
Inn at Minor Washington  Picture: Courtesy of Inn at Little Washington
Farm-to-table and three Michelin stars? Love the greatest of both of those worlds at the opulent Inn at Minor Washington in Washington, Virginia, exactly where the four system Thanksgiving menu  will showcase the seasonal bounty of generate from the Inn’s considerable back garden and neighboring farms. For just about every training course, friends will have the alternative to choose from a person of the Inn’s classic dishes, a vegetarian option, or the Inn’s Michelin star just take on a Thanksgiving traditional. The culinary crew, led by award-successful Chef Patrick O’Connell, will work carefully with the farm to approach in advance for what they foresee making use of on the slide, winter and holiday getaway menus. So for this season, you will locate O’Henry sweet potatoes, watermelon and daikon radishes, Hakurei turnips, kale and Swiss chard that will be braised with shelling beans, and carrots that will be stewed in cognac and orange. The subsequent day, delight in afternoon tea by the fireplace—if you’re not nonetheless total from supper.
The Lodge at Blue Sky
A savory dish at The Lodge at Blue  Image by Richard Schultz
A new luxurious outdoor-targeted resort just outside Park City, Utah, The Lodge at Blue Sky, Auberge Resorts Assortment, sits on a 3,500-acre ranch with 46 plush rooms, a wellness centre, a distillery, and a farm. If you are feeling sporty this getaway, on November 28th, sign up for the Saving Gracie’s Turkey Trot 3K and race by means of Blue Sky Ranch to the end line at Gracie’s Farm, where by you are going to be greeted by some barnyard close friends. Gracie’s Farm is the resort’s on-web-site 1.5-acre organic and natural farm that yields eggs, veggies, herbs, wildflowers, and honey, which are all applied at on-web-site restaurant Yuta. Immediately after the operate (or even if you really don’t participate—no judgment), feast on a traditional Thanksgiving Dinner at Yuta, where by the menu affected by Native American delicacies will places the sustainably-sourced, seasonal heirloom components to fantastic use.
Castle Scorching Springs
The greenhouse at Castle Scorching Springs  Photograph: Courtesy of Castle Incredibly hot Springs
Arizona’s initial-ever luxurious resort—Castle Scorching Springs—re-opened this month immediately after a significant renovation. Originally recognized in 1896, the legendary resort is identified for its thermal scorching springs, wellness concentration, and farm-to-desk ethos. The resort’s Harvest cafe embraces its moniker by creating daily rotating menus based mostly off the on-site farm’s yield. The a person-acre farm, which includes a greenhouse and citrus grove, grows much more than 150 varieties of fruits and vegetables—including additional than 30 versions of heirloom tomatoes. This Thanksgiving, the vacation resort will provide a multi-class dinner such as spiced carrot bisque with pomegranates, pickled garden chilies, and brown butter sage blue kale salad backyard garden squash ratatouille wooden-roasted guinea hen with sage butter herb-crusted turkey smoked above pecans and pumpkin and apple pies.
The Allison Inn & Spa
Al fresco dining at The Allison Inn & Spa  Photograph: Courtesy of The Allison Inn & Spa
Much less than hour outdoors Portland, in Oregon’s Willamette Valley wine country, lies The Allison Inn & Spa. Surrounded by picturesque vineyards, the upscale hotel is residence to just one of the very best spas in the area (book a vinotherapy remedy for the day after Thanksgiving—you’ll thank us later on), and the award-successful restaurant JORY, which is supplied by a 1.5-acre natural and organic chef’s back garden. Everything from saffron to kale to tomatoes are developed on the farm, which involves a significant greenhouse. Friends can wander via the yard on their own, or ask for a tour with the farmer. On Thanksgiving, tables will be laden with the clean bounty in the type of dishes like garden celeriac soup, turkey with apple-walnut stuffing and broccolini, whipped sweet potatoes, and white chocolate bread pudding with cranberry compote—with just about every most important class paired with a Willamette Valley wine.
Dining at Blackberry Farm  Photo: Courtesy of Blackberry Farm
It’s pretty much extremely hard to chat about farm inns in the U.S. with out mentioning Blackberry Farm in Walland, Tennessee, as this 4,200-acre vacation resort on the edge of the Smoky Mountains has become the regular bearer of farmhouse—and foodie–chic. The 62 rooms, two dining places, and wellness heart sit on a residence that also consists of rolling inexperienced hills dotted with grazing sheep and cows, spacious pens with pigs and turkeys, a brewery, and a wide swath of land devoted to an natural farm led by the inimitable farmer John Coykendall, who’s escalating almost everything from beans to bitter cherries. The week of Thanksgiving is packed with actions, such as a 5K Turkey Trot, football tailgating social gathering, spouse and children bingo night time, and holiday cocktail workshop. And of training course, dinner will be absolutely nothing quick of epic, no matter if it’s eaten at the acclaimed The Barn or the additional everyday Dogwood.
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travelguideworldtour-blog · 6 years ago
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Top 14 Places to go in Greece
Greece would be the amazing websites of the country. Greece may be the cradle of civilisation and the birthplace of Christianity. Using its own mixture of history and beauty,
  Santorini
This place is among the very scenic in of the Islands. Picturesque and world-renowned, Santorini has to be considered to be believed. Float at the restaurants, walk round the villages and Have a dip in the turquoise seas, Santorini can steal your heart. One of the very wellknown places to see in Greece, Santorini is that the bead of the Aegean. Annually, Millions are attracted to the wonder of the island and leave realizing that there was no where else like this.
  Nafplio
Shaped on the decades from civilizations that are diverse, now Nafplio could be this Athens elite’s playground. Byzantines Even the Ottomans, Venetians and a lot more have left their mark. Fortresses and citadels dot the hillsides giving an charm to Nafplio.
This patriotic and friendly town was the administrative centre of Greece, as a number of the sailors will gladly inform you. Nafplio provides beaches and some fantastic restaurants where you could kick back and relax In addition to history.
  Rhodes
The Isle of Rhodes, located of This southwestern Shore of Turkey Is among Those Greek Islands’ most visited Areas. Rhodes provides all tastes, from backpackers of a drawn for the tear-drop from the Aegean, into the wealthy and famous.
With a few of the finest areas in Greece, Rhodes gets got the ideal mixture of history that is primitive, pristine shores and streets. Whether or not you curl up at a few of those numerous 5 star hotels or would like to party the evening off, Rhodes covers every angle.
  Zagori
Zagori can be a spot of great all-natural beauty, in north western Greece, together with also 2 federal parks and geology. Mountains have been furrowed by rivers and it woods and dotted with villages. By trekking the trails linking the 16, the ideal way is.
  Peloponnese
Shaped like a big foliage, Peloponnese was broadly called Morea, this means foliage foliage. Located in the region of Europe and Greece, Peloponnese can be an extensive peninsula. Interspersed with Byzantine churches fortresses, Greek temples and palaces, Peloponnese echoes events and the civilizations out of the history.
Olympia
Itself, the valley contains some amazing hiking and mountain biking bike paths and can be found near the Alfos River Valley that is beautiful. Together side the training and arena reasons, the UNESCO licensed Olympia boasts the finest preserved temples and temples . These monuments are all devoted to the gods of older such as Hera and Zeus. Located in the hills of the Peloponnese, the Valley of the Gods is an inspiring Location. The birthplace of the Olympic Games, olympia is just another of those places to see. Located in the Valley of the Rings, it is possible to observe training grounds and that the arena of this Olympians.
  Corfu
In the event the throngs of tourists aren’t something, the shore of Corfu extend across. It is simple to locate your perfect bit of paradise. Corfu is an island located from the country’s shore. Together with its rich cultural heritage, the island also boasts rocky mountains and a number of these best beaches in Greece. Corfu is among the places.
  Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki is Greece’s second largest city and also the region of Northern Greece’s capital city. A nightlife, social events and festivals get this city Greece’s capital. Made up of a historical town centre and Business area, Thessaloniki provides both new and old attractions out of the Byzantine walls, White Tower and Turkish bathrooms to vibrant Grocery Stores, museums and Galleries
  Delphi
This is just another destination for its annals fans. To day delphi, the centre of this world clings on. Perched on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, those ruins were a place which drew on championships, to know this Oracle’s language.
  Crete
The biggest of these Greek islands, Crete can be just really actually a broad property of pleasant contrasts where arenas include magnificent shore to rocky mountains and rolling countryside dotted with olive trees. Bustling cities propagate beyond to villages based around coffee shops. Steeped in history, Crete conveys traces.
  Meteora
Next up is some thing. Meteora is Europe all together, and among the places to see in Greece. Located within the center of Greece, Meteora is still also currently home for a number of the planet’s most arctic churches that are spectacular.
  Knossos
The ruins of Knossos will be the very finest maintained relics at all of Greece and so therefore are an amazing sight. Together with mosaics and pottery that is nice there is, in addition, the hallway of kings.
This relic of this era was home to the Minoan culture that dominated the place within 5000 decades ago.
  Athens
Inhabited for over 3,000 decades, Athens is well called the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of Christianity. The town presents a blend of modern and historical capabilities. Athens is renowned because of its temples and ruins like the Agora, the Parthenon, the Acropolis and the Theatre to list a couple. Athens isn’t only about strikes. This city can be an important centre for culture, business and nightlife.
  Skyros
Hills and shorelines characterise the south where the north west is farm lands and walnut woods. Skyros is popularly famous for its amazing beaches coastline and seaside villages. Relatively untouched but steeped in heritage, Skyros can be really actually just a superb option for an idyllic escape.
  Top 14 Places to go in Greece
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paullassiterca · 6 years ago
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All Civilizations Collapse if They Depend on This
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A society that builds its foundations on annual agriculture cannot survive, according to Mark Shepard, CEO of Forest Agriculture Enterprises and founder of New Forest Farm, a 106-acre perennial “agricultural savanna.” In the video above, Shepard speaks to organic farmers not only about his farm but also why annual agriculture is doomed from the start.
In short, annuals — which include the grain crops and soy that make up most U.S. farmland — are chemical intensive and enemies of diversity. Eventually, Shepard says, the destruction caused by this type of shortsighted farming, i.e., annual monocropping, will cause the civilization that depends on it to collapse.
What’s needed, instead, are perennial ecosystems that “redesign agriculture in nature’s image.” In other words, as stated by Forest Agriculture Nursery’s restoration philosophy:1
“Annual monocropping produces nearly all of the grain, meat, vegetables and processed foods consumed today. These practices require giant machinery, tilling and the application of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in the eradication of biodiversity, the erosion of topsoil, and contributes 30 percent of global carbon emissions — more than from any other source.
Despite the massive human efforts applied to farming, we are woefully short of the inherent resilience, stability, and outright beauty of natural ecosystems. We need look no further than native ecosystems for a template of how to move forward from the many woes of annual monocropping.”
What’s the Cost of Corn and Other Annual Crops?
There’s now so much corn grown in the U.S. that the Corn Belt (typically said to include corn grown across Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and parts of Nebraska and Kansas) can be seen from space, courtesy of satellite chlorophyll-sensors.2 Rather than corn being grown as a food source for humans, the two major consumers of corn are industrial in nature: concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and ethanol.
The first part of the devastation comes in making room for the vast swatches of monocrops, as valuable prairies are often turned under as a result. Since the early 1800s, grasslands in North America have decreased by 79 percent — and in some areas by 99.9 percent.3
Carbon erosion from the land and into the water and air is one result of this turn toward industrial agriculture and annual monocrops. The removal of forests that not only can sustain, but also regenerate our soils and solidify this fragile carbon balance is a major part of the problem, but so, too, is industrial agriculture, including the removal of grasslands to plant more corn.
Previous estimates suggest that one-third of the surplus carbon dioxide in the atmosphere stems from poor land-management processes that contribute to the loss of carbon, as carbon dioxide, from farmlands.4
A 2017 study revealed “hotspots of soil carbon loss, often associated with major cropping regions and degraded grazing lands” in the U.S. and suggested that such regions should be “targets for soil carbon restoration efforts.”5 Specifically, while deforestation is said to have resulted in 127 billion tons of carbon lost from the soil, the study found industrial agriculture has led to losses of 121 billion tons.
Annuals Are Dependent on Chemicals, Machinery and Tilling
While contributing to the loss of carbon from the soil, monocrops also add a number of harmful elements to the environment, namely pesticides, fertilizers and harmful farming practices like tilling. These are things that must be added yearly in order for the system to survive, and therein lies the problem.
Agricultural chemicals are polluting waterways, leading to toxic algae and red tide, while tilling can destroy the integrity of the soil structure while encouraging runoff. It’s a system based on degradation, rather than restoration. In an interview with Ethical Foods, Shepard explained:6
“Modern agriculture exists today because the native, natural ecosystem has been intentionally destroyed, and the existing perennial vegetative cover wiped out by tillage or herbicides. Most of agriculture today also relies on large fields of a single species of plant like corn, beans or rice.
These monocropped annual plant systems are the most at-risk for catastrophic outbreaks of pests and diseases because there are no natural controls. The ecosystem is gone, and we are left with an ecological wasteland that continues to degrade over time.
Soil fertility declines catastrophically and plant fertility has to be imported from elsewhere. Annual agriculture, whenever it has been used to provide the staple diet of any culture, has always led to ecosystem collapse and eventually societal collapse.”
Annual monocrops destroy the soil and the surrounding ecosystems, whereas regenerative agriculture rebuilds it, increasing soil organic matter and leading to a number of beneficial outcomes. For instance, soil organic matter is 50 percent carbon, so by rebuilding soil you’re putting carbon into the ground.
The importance of carbon sequestration simply cannot be overstated. Not only will it reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) load in the atmosphere, but once sequestered in the soil, the carbon actively nourishes soil health and improves water retention. What’s more, restorative agriculture systems like the one Shepard designed are self-sustaining.
“In a restoration agriculture system, annual tillage eventually ceases,” Shepard told Ethical Foods.7 “You plant the system once and it’s there for 1,000 years. I’ve personally touched hazelnut bushes in Spain that were 1,400 years old and I’ve visited the chestnut tree in Sicily that is 4,000 years old. Their perennialism has paid back their cost of establishment many thousands of times over.”
Monocrops Contribute to the Eradication of Biodiversity
The very definition of monoculture is a system of agriculture with very little diversity. It defines the wide swatches of corn and soy being grown across the U.S. and worldwide. A whopping 35 percent of cereal and soy harvested globally is actually fed to animals being raised on CAFOs (concentrated animal feeding operations).8
Because of the vast amounts of annual crops being grown for CAFO animal feed, conservation group World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) found that 60 percent of global biodiversity loss is due to meat-based diets straining resources.9 As further revealed by Stop the Machine, a global campaign aimed at relegating CAFOs to museums,10 even wildlife are affected.
For instance, there are only 15,000 jaguars left in the wild. Half of them live in Brazil, where grasslands and rainforests are increasingly being converted into soy plantations. Most of the soy is being grown to feed CAFO animals. “Agricultural intensification,” including pesticide usage, year-round tillage and increased use of fertilizers, has also been named as a plausible cause for why insect populations are declining.11
“Annual monoculture farming erodes the soil and depletes its natural fertility, all while destroying wildlife habitat, wild pollinators, birds and beneficial insects,” Shepard continued to Ethical Foods.12Monarch butterflies are but one example, numbers of which have decreased by 90 percent since 1996.13
As usage of glyphosate (the active ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide) has skyrocketed, milkweed, which is the only plant on which the adult monarch will lay its eggs, has plummeted. In 2013, it was estimated that just 1 percent of the common milkweed present in 1999 remained in corn and soybean fields and, tragically, while milkweed is not harmed by many herbicides, it is easily killed by glyphosate.14
Why Perennial Ecosystems Are Better
Shepard’s farm is centered on perennial foods like fruits grown on trees, nuts (hazelnuts, chestnuts and walnuts) and berries. Not exactly a “farm” but rather a perennial agricultural ecosystem, the design combines brushland, woodlands and oak savannah, a type of grassland that also includes oak trees, to create the type of environment that might naturally occur.
“Overall, the land attempts to mimic the oak savanna biome. Trees, shrubs, vines, canes, perennial plants and fungi are planted in association with one another to produce food, fuel, medicines and beauty,” according to New Forest Farm’s website.15
Shepard describes it as a three-dimensional system that includes “a tree canopy layer, a smaller tree subdominant tree layer, shrubs, vines, canes, shade tolerant plants, ephemeral plants, fungi forage and livestock”16 all of which work together to naturally increase biodiversity and soil fertility. Grazing animals, including cows, pigs, sheep, turkeys and chickens, are also part of the system, helping with grass, pest and brush control.
“Whether you call it Permaculture, Agroforestry, Eco-Agriculture, Agroecology, or Restoration Agriculture … ,” Shepard’s Forest Agriculture Nursery explained, “By intentionally designing and planting perennial ecosystems, we remove carbon dioxide from the air, provide habitat for wildlife, produce food, prevent soil erosion, and begin the creation of ecologically sustainable human habitats.”17
Allen Williams, Ph.D., a sixth-generation farmer and chief ranching officer for Joyce Farms, a well-known “grass fed guru,” also uses regenerative farming with great success. Williams’ Joyce Farms describes some of its noted benefits and principles as such:18
•Build Soil Health — By farming without harsh chemicals and tilling, regenerative agriculture allows microbes in the soil to thrive. These microbes are essential for preventing runoff and nourishing plant growth. “Soil doesn’t work without microbes,” they say, as soil should be alive, not dead. “Dead soil cannot hold carbon, so it is released into the atmosphere as CO2.”
•Diverse Cover Crops and Plant Life — Planting a diverse variety of plants increases microbial populations and organic matter in the soil, while also covering and protecting the earth. “By introducing a diverse variety of plants to the soil, the microbial population in the soil becomes stronger. With soil life, ecosystems thrive,” they say.
•No Till — Tilling destroys soil structure and reduces soil organic matter while increasing weeds and the release of CO2.
•No Chemical Inputs — The use of chemicals like fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and pesticides kill off beneficial species, like pollinators, and pollute waterways with chemical runoff. It’s also a relatively recent practice that traditionally was not part of farming.
“For hundreds of years chemicals were not needed or used in farming because, sensibly, chemical inputs aren’t needed when you are working with (not against) the systems Mother Nature already has in place,” Joyce Farms explains.
•Livestock Integration — Rather than housing livestock separately from other animals and crops, livestock is integrated into a symbiotic, complementary system that mimics the way nature works.
“The way we do this at Joyce Farms is by mimicking the dense herds of grazing ruminants that used to roam across America, grazing and trampling plants into the soil. This trampling provides an armor of plant life for the soil and feeds the soil microbes.”
Support Local Perennial Crop Farmers
Shephard recommends that those living in urban or suburban environments get involved by trying to imitate nature in their backyard, and if that’s not possible supporting local perennial crop farmers and buying more perennial foods like nuts, berries and tree fruits.19
Similar to my own dietary advice, Shepard also recommends avoiding annual grains in favor of grass fed meats, eggs and dairy, along with vegetables. By centering your diet around these foods, you get a diet of nutrient-dense foods to fuel your body while supporting the sustainable regenerative agriculture practices that create them.
from Articles http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/12/18/annual-agriculture.aspx source https://niapurenaturecom.tumblr.com/post/181213797476
0 notes
jerrytackettca · 6 years ago
Text
All Civilizations Collapse if They Depend on This
A society that builds its foundations on annual agriculture cannot survive, according to Mark Shepard, CEO of Forest Agriculture Enterprises and founder of New Forest Farm, a 106-acre perennial “agricultural savanna.” In the video above, Shepard speaks to organic farmers not only about his farm but also why annual agriculture is doomed from the start.
In short, annuals — which include the grain crops and soy that make up most U.S. farmland — are chemical intensive and enemies of diversity. Eventually, Shepard says, the destruction caused by this type of shortsighted farming, i.e., annual monocropping, will cause the civilization that depends on it to collapse.
What’s needed, instead, are perennial ecosystems that “redesign agriculture in nature’s image.” In other words, as stated by Forest Agriculture Nursery’s restoration philosophy:1
“Annual monocropping produces nearly all of the grain, meat, vegetables and processed foods consumed today. These practices require giant machinery, tilling and the application of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in the eradication of biodiversity, the erosion of topsoil, and contributes 30 percent of global carbon emissions — more than from any other source.
Despite the massive human efforts applied to farming, we are woefully short of the inherent resilience, stability, and outright beauty of natural ecosystems. We need look no further than native ecosystems for a template of how to move forward from the many woes of annual monocropping.”
What’s the Cost of Corn and Other Annual Crops?
There’s now so much corn grown in the U.S. that the Corn Belt (typically said to include corn grown across Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and parts of Nebraska and Kansas) can be seen from space, courtesy of satellite chlorophyll-sensors.2 Rather than corn being grown as a food source for humans, the two major consumers of corn are industrial in nature: concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and ethanol.
The first part of the devastation comes in making room for the vast swatches of monocrops, as valuable prairies are often turned under as a result. Since the early 1800s, grasslands in North America have decreased by 79 percent — and in some areas by 99.9 percent.3
Carbon erosion from the land and into the water and air is one result of this turn toward industrial agriculture and annual monocrops. The removal of forests that not only can sustain, but also regenerate our soils and solidify this fragile carbon balance is a major part of the problem, but so, too, is industrial agriculture, including the removal of grasslands to plant more corn.
Previous estimates suggest that one-third of the surplus carbon dioxide in the atmosphere stems from poor land-management processes that contribute to the loss of carbon, as carbon dioxide, from farmlands.4
A 2017 study revealed “hotspots of soil carbon loss, often associated with major cropping regions and degraded grazing lands” in the U.S. and suggested that such regions should be “targets for soil carbon restoration efforts.”5 Specifically, while deforestation is said to have resulted in 127 billion tons of carbon lost from the soil, the study found industrial agriculture has led to losses of 121 billion tons.
Annuals Are Dependent on Chemicals, Machinery and Tilling
While contributing to the loss of carbon from the soil, monocrops also add a number of harmful elements to the environment, namely pesticides, fertilizers and harmful farming practices like tilling. These are things that must be added yearly in order for the system to survive, and therein lies the problem.
Agricultural chemicals are polluting waterways, leading to toxic algae and red tide, while tilling can destroy the integrity of the soil structure while encouraging runoff. It’s a system based on degradation, rather than restoration. In an interview with Ethical Foods, Shepard explained:6
“Modern agriculture exists today because the native, natural ecosystem has been intentionally destroyed, and the existing perennial vegetative cover wiped out by tillage or herbicides. Most of agriculture today also relies on large fields of a single species of plant like corn, beans or rice.
These monocropped annual plant systems are the most at-risk for catastrophic outbreaks of pests and diseases because there are no natural controls. The ecosystem is gone, and we are left with an ecological wasteland that continues to degrade over time.
Soil fertility declines catastrophically and plant fertility has to be imported from elsewhere. Annual agriculture, whenever it has been used to provide the staple diet of any culture, has always led to ecosystem collapse and eventually societal collapse.”
Annual monocrops destroy the soil and the surrounding ecosystems, whereas regenerative agriculture rebuilds it, increasing soil organic matter and leading to a number of beneficial outcomes. For instance, soil organic matter is 50 percent carbon, so by rebuilding soil you’re putting carbon into the ground.
The importance of carbon sequestration simply cannot be overstated. Not only will it reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) load in the atmosphere, but once sequestered in the soil, the carbon actively nourishes soil health and improves water retention. What’s more, restorative agriculture systems like the one Shepard designed are self-sustaining.
“In a restoration agriculture system, annual tillage eventually ceases,” Shepard told Ethical Foods.7 “You plant the system once and it’s there for 1,000 years. I’ve personally touched hazelnut bushes in Spain that were 1,400 years old and I’ve visited the chestnut tree in Sicily that is 4,000 years old. Their perennialism has paid back their cost of establishment many thousands of times over.”
Monocrops Contribute to the Eradication of Biodiversity
The very definition of monoculture is a system of agriculture with very little diversity. It defines the wide swatches of corn and soy being grown across the U.S. and worldwide. A whopping 35 percent of cereal and soy harvested globally is actually fed to animals being raised on CAFOs (concentrated animal feeding operations).8
Because of the vast amounts of annual crops being grown for CAFO animal feed, conservation group World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) found that 60 percent of global biodiversity loss is due to meat-based diets straining resources.9 As further revealed by Stop the Machine, a global campaign aimed at relegating CAFOs to museums,10 even wildlife are affected.
For instance, there are only 15,000 jaguars left in the wild. Half of them live in Brazil, where grasslands and rainforests are increasingly being converted into soy plantations. Most of the soy is being grown to feed CAFO animals. “Agricultural intensification,” including pesticide usage, year-round tillage and increased use of fertilizers, has also been named as a plausible cause for why insect populations are declining.11
“Annual monoculture farming erodes the soil and depletes its natural fertility, all while destroying wildlife habitat, wild pollinators, birds and beneficial insects,” Shepard continued to Ethical Foods.12 Monarch butterflies are but one example, numbers of which have decreased by 90 percent since 1996.13
As usage of glyphosate (the active ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide) has skyrocketed, milkweed, which is the only plant on which the adult monarch will lay its eggs, has plummeted. In 2013, it was estimated that just 1 percent of the common milkweed present in 1999 remained in corn and soybean fields and, tragically, while milkweed is not harmed by many herbicides, it is easily killed by glyphosate.14
Why Perennial Ecosystems Are Better
Shepard’s farm is centered on perennial foods like fruits grown on trees, nuts (hazelnuts, chestnuts and walnuts) and berries. Not exactly a “farm” but rather a perennial agricultural ecosystem, the design combines brushland, woodlands and oak savannah, a type of grassland that also includes oak trees, to create the type of environment that might naturally occur.
“Overall, the land attempts to mimic the oak savanna biome. Trees, shrubs, vines, canes, perennial plants and fungi are planted in association with one another to produce food, fuel, medicines and beauty,” according to New Forest Farm’s website.15
Shepard describes it as a three-dimensional system that includes “a tree canopy layer, a smaller tree subdominant tree layer, shrubs, vines, canes, shade tolerant plants, ephemeral plants, fungi forage and livestock”16 all of which work together to naturally increase biodiversity and soil fertility. Grazing animals, including cows, pigs, sheep, turkeys and chickens, are also part of the system, helping with grass, pest and brush control.
“Whether you call it Permaculture, Agroforestry, Eco-Agriculture, Agroecology, or Restoration Agriculture … ,” Shepard’s Forest Agriculture Nursery explained, “By intentionally designing and planting perennial ecosystems, we remove carbon dioxide from the air, provide habitat for wildlife, produce food, prevent soil erosion, and begin the creation of ecologically sustainable human habitats.”17
Allen Williams, Ph.D., a sixth-generation farmer and chief ranching officer for Joyce Farms, a well-known “grass fed guru,” also uses regenerative farming with great success. Williams’ Joyce Farms describes some of its noted benefits and principles as such:18
•Build Soil Health — By farming without harsh chemicals and tilling, regenerative agriculture allows microbes in the soil to thrive. These microbes are essential for preventing runoff and nourishing plant growth. “Soil doesn’t work without microbes,” they say, as soil should be alive, not dead. “Dead soil cannot hold carbon, so it is released into the atmosphere as CO2.”
•Diverse Cover Crops and Plant Life — Planting a diverse variety of plants increases microbial populations and organic matter in the soil, while also covering and protecting the earth. “By introducing a diverse variety of plants to the soil, the microbial population in the soil becomes stronger. With soil life, ecosystems thrive,” they say.
•No Till — Tilling destroys soil structure and reduces soil organic matter while increasing weeds and the release of CO2.
•No Chemical Inputs — The use of chemicals like fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and pesticides kill off beneficial species, like pollinators, and pollute waterways with chemical runoff. It’s also a relatively recent practice that traditionally was not part of farming.
“For hundreds of years chemicals were not needed or used in farming because, sensibly, chemical inputs aren’t needed when you are working with (not against) the systems Mother Nature already has in place,” Joyce Farms explains.
•Livestock Integration — Rather than housing livestock separately from other animals and crops, livestock is integrated into a symbiotic, complementary system that mimics the way nature works.
“The way we do this at Joyce Farms is by mimicking the dense herds of grazing ruminants that used to roam across America, grazing and trampling plants into the soil. This trampling provides an armor of plant life for the soil and feeds the soil microbes.”
Support Local Perennial Crop Farmers
Shephard recommends that those living in urban or suburban environments get involved by trying to imitate nature in their backyard, and if that’s not possible supporting local perennial crop farmers and buying more perennial foods like nuts, berries and tree fruits.19
Similar to my own dietary advice, Shepard also recommends avoiding annual grains in favor of grass fed meats, eggs and dairy, along with vegetables. By centering your diet around these foods, you get a diet of nutrient-dense foods to fuel your body while supporting the sustainable regenerative agriculture practices that create them.
from http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/12/18/annual-agriculture.aspx
source http://niapurenaturecom.weebly.com/blog/all-civilizations-collapse-if-they-depend-on-this
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aimfarmlands · 4 years ago
Link
Walnut garden in Manisa, the most widespread and popular variety that produces nuts fruits of oval shell... The walnut is a plant that must be pruned at a young age to give foliage and control the orientation of the growth of the branches and the foliage. We at AIM Farmlands provide the best opportunities to investors who want to put their effort and time into the agricultural field.
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jakehglover · 6 years ago
Text
All Civilizations Collapse if They Depend on This
youtube
A society that builds its foundations on annual agriculture cannot survive, according to Mark Shepard, CEO of Forest Agriculture Enterprises and founder of New Forest Farm, a 106-acre perennial “agricultural savanna.” In the video above, Shepard speaks to organic farmers not only about his farm but also why annual agriculture is doomed from the start.
In short, annuals — which include the grain crops and soy that make up most U.S. farmland — are chemical intensive and enemies of diversity. Eventually, Shepard says, the destruction caused by this type of shortsighted farming, i.e., annual monocropping, will cause the civilization that depends on it to collapse.
What’s needed, instead, are perennial ecosystems that “redesign agriculture in nature’s image.” In other words, as stated by Forest Agriculture Nursery’s restoration philosophy:1
“Annual monocropping produces nearly all of the grain, meat, vegetables and processed foods consumed today. These practices require giant machinery, tilling and the application of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in the eradication of biodiversity, the erosion of topsoil, and contributes 30 percent of global carbon emissions — more than from any other source.
Despite the massive human efforts applied to farming, we are woefully short of the inherent resilience, stability, and outright beauty of natural ecosystems. We need look no further than native ecosystems for a template of how to move forward from the many woes of annual monocropping.”
What’s the Cost of Corn and Other Annual Crops?
There’s now so much corn grown in the U.S. that the Corn Belt (typically said to include corn grown across Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and parts of Nebraska and Kansas) can be seen from space, courtesy of satellite chlorophyll-sensors.2 Rather than corn being grown as a food source for humans, the two major consumers of corn are industrial in nature: concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and ethanol.
The first part of the devastation comes in making room for the vast swatches of monocrops, as valuable prairies are often turned under as a result. Since the early 1800s, grasslands in North America have decreased by 79 percent — and in some areas by 99.9 percent.3
Carbon erosion from the land and into the water and air is one result of this turn toward industrial agriculture and annual monocrops. The removal of forests that not only can sustain, but also regenerate our soils and solidify this fragile carbon balance is a major part of the problem, but so, too, is industrial agriculture, including the removal of grasslands to plant more corn.
Previous estimates suggest that one-third of the surplus carbon dioxide in the atmosphere stems from poor land-management processes that contribute to the loss of carbon, as carbon dioxide, from farmlands.4
A 2017 study revealed “hotspots of soil carbon loss, often associated with major cropping regions and degraded grazing lands” in the U.S. and suggested that such regions should be “targets for soil carbon restoration efforts.”5 Specifically, while deforestation is said to have resulted in 127 billion tons of carbon lost from the soil, the study found industrial agriculture has led to losses of 121 billion tons.
Annuals Are Dependent on Chemicals, Machinery and Tilling
While contributing to the loss of carbon from the soil, monocrops also add a number of harmful elements to the environment, namely pesticides, fertilizers and harmful farming practices like tilling. These are things that must be added yearly in order for the system to survive, and therein lies the problem.
Agricultural chemicals are polluting waterways, leading to toxic algae and red tide, while tilling can destroy the integrity of the soil structure while encouraging runoff. It’s a system based on degradation, rather than restoration. In an interview with Ethical Foods, Shepard explained:6
“Modern agriculture exists today because the native, natural ecosystem has been intentionally destroyed, and the existing perennial vegetative cover wiped out by tillage or herbicides. Most of agriculture today also relies on large fields of a single species of plant like corn, beans or rice.
These monocropped annual plant systems are the most at-risk for catastrophic outbreaks of pests and diseases because there are no natural controls. The ecosystem is gone, and we are left with an ecological wasteland that continues to degrade over time.
Soil fertility declines catastrophically and plant fertility has to be imported from elsewhere. Annual agriculture, whenever it has been used to provide the staple diet of any culture, has always led to ecosystem collapse and eventually societal collapse.”
Annual monocrops destroy the soil and the surrounding ecosystems, whereas regenerative agriculture rebuilds it, increasing soil organic matter and leading to a number of beneficial outcomes. For instance, soil organic matter is 50 percent carbon, so by rebuilding soil you’re putting carbon into the ground.
The importance of carbon sequestration simply cannot be overstated. Not only will it reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) load in the atmosphere, but once sequestered in the soil, the carbon actively nourishes soil health and improves water retention. What’s more, restorative agriculture systems like the one Shepard designed are self-sustaining.
“In a restoration agriculture system, annual tillage eventually ceases,” Shepard told Ethical Foods.7 “You plant the system once and it’s there for 1,000 years. I’ve personally touched hazelnut bushes in Spain that were 1,400 years old and I’ve visited the chestnut tree in Sicily that is 4,000 years old. Their perennialism has paid back their cost of establishment many thousands of times over.”
Monocrops Contribute to the Eradication of Biodiversity
The very definition of monoculture is a system of agriculture with very little diversity. It defines the wide swatches of corn and soy being grown across the U.S. and worldwide. A whopping 35 percent of cereal and soy harvested globally is actually fed to animals being raised on CAFOs (concentrated animal feeding operations).8
Because of the vast amounts of annual crops being grown for CAFO animal feed, conservation group World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) found that 60 percent of global biodiversity loss is due to meat-based diets straining resources.9 As further revealed by Stop the Machine, a global campaign aimed at relegating CAFOs to museums,10 even wildlife are affected.
For instance, there are only 15,000 jaguars left in the wild. Half of them live in Brazil, where grasslands and rainforests are increasingly being converted into soy plantations. Most of the soy is being grown to feed CAFO animals. “Agricultural intensification,” including pesticide usage, year-round tillage and increased use of fertilizers, has also been named as a plausible cause for why insect populations are declining.11
“Annual monoculture farming erodes the soil and depletes its natural fertility, all while destroying wildlife habitat, wild pollinators, birds and beneficial insects,” Shepard continued to Ethical Foods.12Monarch butterflies are but one example, numbers of which have decreased by 90 percent since 1996.13
As usage of glyphosate (the active ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide) has skyrocketed, milkweed, which is the only plant on which the adult monarch will lay its eggs, has plummeted. In 2013, it was estimated that just 1 percent of the common milkweed present in 1999 remained in corn and soybean fields and, tragically, while milkweed is not harmed by many herbicides, it is easily killed by glyphosate.14
Why Perennial Ecosystems Are Better
Shepard’s farm is centered on perennial foods like fruits grown on trees, nuts (hazelnuts, chestnuts and walnuts) and berries. Not exactly a “farm” but rather a perennial agricultural ecosystem, the design combines brushland, woodlands and oak savannah, a type of grassland that also includes oak trees, to create the type of environment that might naturally occur.
“Overall, the land attempts to mimic the oak savanna biome. Trees, shrubs, vines, canes, perennial plants and fungi are planted in association with one another to produce food, fuel, medicines and beauty,” according to New Forest Farm’s website.15
Shepard describes it as a three-dimensional system that includes “a tree canopy layer, a smaller tree subdominant tree layer, shrubs, vines, canes, shade tolerant plants, ephemeral plants, fungi forage and livestock”16 all of which work together to naturally increase biodiversity and soil fertility. Grazing animals, including cows, pigs, sheep, turkeys and chickens, are also part of the system, helping with grass, pest and brush control.
“Whether you call it Permaculture, Agroforestry, Eco-Agriculture, Agroecology, or Restoration Agriculture … ,” Shepard’s Forest Agriculture Nursery explained, “By intentionally designing and planting perennial ecosystems, we remove carbon dioxide from the air, provide habitat for wildlife, produce food, prevent soil erosion, and begin the creation of ecologically sustainable human habitats.”17
Allen Williams, Ph.D., a sixth-generation farmer and chief ranching officer for Joyce Farms, a well-known “grass fed guru,” also uses regenerative farming with great success. Williams’ Joyce Farms describes some of its noted benefits and principles as such:18
•Build Soil Health — By farming without harsh chemicals and tilling, regenerative agriculture allows microbes in the soil to thrive. These microbes are essential for preventing runoff and nourishing plant growth. “Soil doesn’t work without microbes,” they say, as soil should be alive, not dead. “Dead soil cannot hold carbon, so it is released into the atmosphere as CO2.”
•Diverse Cover Crops and Plant Life — Planting a diverse variety of plants increases microbial populations and organic matter in the soil, while also covering and protecting the earth. “By introducing a diverse variety of plants to the soil, the microbial population in the soil becomes stronger. With soil life, ecosystems thrive,” they say.
•No Till — Tilling destroys soil structure and reduces soil organic matter while increasing weeds and the release of CO2.
•No Chemical Inputs — The use of chemicals like fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and pesticides kill off beneficial species, like pollinators, and pollute waterways with chemical runoff. It’s also a relatively recent practice that traditionally was not part of farming.
“For hundreds of years chemicals were not needed or used in farming because, sensibly, chemical inputs aren’t needed when you are working with (not against) the systems Mother Nature already has in place,” Joyce Farms explains.
•Livestock Integration — Rather than housing livestock separately from other animals and crops, livestock is integrated into a symbiotic, complementary system that mimics the way nature works.
“The way we do this at Joyce Farms is by mimicking the dense herds of grazing ruminants that used to roam across America, grazing and trampling plants into the soil. This trampling provides an armor of plant life for the soil and feeds the soil microbes.”
Support Local Perennial Crop Farmers
Shephard recommends that those living in urban or suburban environments get involved by trying to imitate nature in their backyard, and if that’s not possible supporting local perennial crop farmers and buying more perennial foods like nuts, berries and tree fruits.19
Similar to my own dietary advice, Shepard also recommends avoiding annual grains in favor of grass fed meats, eggs and dairy, along with vegetables. By centering your diet around these foods, you get a diet of nutrient-dense foods to fuel your body while supporting the sustainable regenerative agriculture practices that create them.
from HealthyLife via Jake Glover on Inoreader http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/12/18/annual-agriculture.aspx
0 notes
chocolateheal · 6 years ago
Text
Ten Reliable Sources To Learn About Chocolate And Dessert Calendar | chocolate and dessert calendar
When Bent Barley Brewing opens November 16 at 6200 South Main Street in Aurora, it will accompany the newest bearing of beer makers in the United States — the chic of 7,000. That’s right, about in October, the cardinal of breweries civic surged accomplished the 7,000 mark, landing at absolutely 7,082 on Halloween and now branch against 7,100, according to the Boulder-based Brewers Association.
11 best Calendar Printables images on Pinterest | Print … – chocolate and dessert calendar | chocolate and dessert calendar
It’s a crazy number, but alike added agrarian is the actuality that 1,100 of those breweries opened in the accomplished twelve months — which indicates that there is still interest, there is still desire, and there are still bodies accommodating to accommodate money to ambitious brewers who appetite to accompany the industry. Colorado, for its part, is additionally on clip for a almanac cardinal of brewery openings in 2018 — a advance that could see the cardinal of breweries access 440 or 450.
But things don’t end there. The Brewers Association says there are added than 2,000 ability breweries in the planning stages above the country, which would bound advance numbers above 9,000.
Keep account for all of this week’s craft-beer contest in the busline area.
This beer is Nobody’s Darlin’.
Ratio Beerworks
Wednesday, November 14Ratio Beerworks will tap Nobody’s Darlin’ Blended Barrel-Aged Whiskey Ale at noon. “One of Ratio’s greatest strengths is accumulating amazing alone talents and accolade a way to arrange them against a greater atypical force,” the brewery maintains. Such is the case with Nobody’s Darlin’, which blends bourbon-barrel-aged versions of Hold Steady Amber Rye Scotch Ale, Reservoir Old Ale, and a atramentous IPA that Ratio brewed with Stone Brewing. “The aftereffect is a beautifully balanced, barrel-forward” beer.
Gingerbread Man Amber Ale makes its ceremony acknowledgment to Strange Ability Beer Aggregation at 3 p.m. It will “warm your abdomen and get you on clue for the ceremony season,” the brewery says. “Medium bodied and accessible aroma addendum accompany this cooler abounding circle. Indulge in your close cookie monster and drove this cooler afterwards remorse.”
Strange Craft, Chain Reaction Brewing, Atramentous Sky Brewery and the Cooler on Broadway will all pay admiration to the appearance “Stranger Things” by borer Mouthbreather Belgian Dubbel. “Rich, malty, and spicy, with Belgian bonbon abstract and 72 Eggo waffles,” Strange says, this beer is allotment of the Traveling One Butt Wednesday collaborations amid the four beer makers.
The Colorado Bind and Beer Society is aback at Spangalang Brewery from 6 to 9 p.m. so that bind and beer lovers can “rekindle your band with your adolescent Society associates and assurance up for addition amazing year of adorable pickles and life-changing ability beer,” the organizers says. “This abutting year is affirmed to be at atomic 80 percent bigger than aftermost year. Stick about afterwards signing up for alive applesauce at 7. Rumor has it there may be some pickles there.” Not to acknowledgment beer.
Liberati curtains two new beers.
Jonathan Shikes
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Thursday, November 15Join Goldspot Brewing at 3 p.m. for its best contempo accord with Bruz Beers. Fig Belgian Amber has addendum of cherry, plum, fig, amber and spice. (Bruz will tap its adaptation on December 1.)
Call to Arms Brewing taps Beer Drinks You Baltic Porter. Brewed accurate to style, and featuring lager aggrandize and affluence of cold-conditioning time, this 6 percent ABV “deep chocolate, ruby-hued adorableness boasts addendum of atramentous currant and aphotic chocolate-covered blooming with a hazelnut finish,” the brewery says.
Liberati Osteria and Oenobeers, which aloof opened in October, will tap two new wine-beer hybrids. The aboriginal is India-Cube Pale Oenobeer IIIPA (I-3PO for short). Brewed with 25 percent Gewürztraminer from Oregon’s Willamette Valley, and a “gargantuan quantity” of Wakatu, Kohatu, Waiamea and Amarillo hops, “the antithesis of this oenobeer is striking,” Liberati says. “Unusual wine yeasts harvested from the banknote of NZ grapes added augment the aromas, and it’s in a access of mangos that some chardonnay aggrandize addendum sometimes surface.” I-3PO is 13.8 percent ABV and will be served in Chardonnay glasses. The additional beer is Recioto Denveris, a candied ambrosia beer brewed with 22.6 percent Petit Verdot grapes from Asset Ridge Vineyards in Sonoma Valley, forth with Magnum, Challenger and East Kent Golding hops and broiled malts. Though it is a beer, it added resembles “in alcohol, acidity and anatomy a candied wine one would about acknowledge at the end of a meal,” Liberati says. “Absolutely to be enjoyed flat, we feel it would be a abomination to add bubbles to it. The aromas accompany you to a backwoods attic abounding with agrarian berries coated with chocolate, while the aftertaste cautiously mirrors the nose.”
Dos Luces, a brewery specializing in blah and maguey-based gluten-free beers aggressive by pre-Columbian traditions, will tap its newest beer, Chile Adhesive Pulque. Made with maguey sap, malted dejected corn, cinnamon, clove, authentic adhesive abstract and ancho chiles, “it’s a affluent and circuitous alloy of sweet, acerb and ambrosial flavors advised accurately to accompaniment and enhance the flavors of foods,” Dos Luces says. Denver comedians Sammy Anzer and Elliot Broder will additionally be at the brewery to bang off a account ball showcase.
Friday, November 16Snowed In Mocha acreage at Copper Kettle Brewing at noon. This 12.7 percent ABV beer is a “velvety candied administrative biscuit stout age-old in Breckenridge bourbon barrels with coffee and chocolate,” the brewery says. It is the aforementioned beer from antecedent years, “but renamed with mocha to analyze it from the attic (fall) and maple (spring) editions we added to the lineup.” It will be on tap and accessible to go in 19.2-ounce cans.
National Yeti Day allotment to Great Divide Brewing’s Butt Bar, which will “honor the bewitched beasts we adulation so much,” the brewery says. There will be at atomic ten varieties of Yeti Administrative Stout on tap, including Yeti Administrative Stout, Butt Age-old Yeti, Velvet Yeti, Chai Yeti, Amber Oak Age-old Yeti, Biscuit Yeti, Macadamia Attic Yeti, Maple Pecan Yeti, S’mores Yeti, Amber Blooming Yeti and Mexican Hot Amber Yeti, additional two specialty firkins. There will additionally be Yeti floats fabricated with Candied Cow’s Yeti-infused ice cream. At 2 p.m. you can assurance up to be entered into a cartoon for several giveaways, which activate at 3 p.m. They include beer, allowance certificates, Yeti merchandise, a Yeti adventurous and a Yeti Timbuk2 Backpack. At 5:30 p.m., Great Divide will accessible its Yeti Cavern & Patio — which is absolutely its barrel-aging room; the Yeti cavern will accept appropriate tappings, giveaways, treats, new merch, a photo berth and more. The Clamato Time aliment barter will be on hand, too.
Banded Oak Brewing curtains its seasonal Hirakata Farms Crenshaw Melon IPA, a West Coast-style IPA fabricated with Rocky Ford Crenshaw melons — a accessory of the cantaloupe.
Little Machine Beer Aggregation hosts a mini-beer ceremony and fundraiser from 6 to 9 p.m. to abutment victims of Blow Michael, via the Tapper Foundation Disaster Abatement Fund. For $25, attendees get pours from nine breweries: Little Machine, Bierstadt Lagerhaus, Comrade, Cannonball Creek, TRVE, Call to Arms, Hogshead, Joyride, and Westbound & Down. There will additionally be beam tattoos actuality done on armpit for $40, and a raffle – all benefiting blow abatement efforts.
Denver Beer Co. will host two Crowler releases — one at its Platte Street breadth and one in Arvada. The Platte Street absolution is Salted Caramel Pecan Tart; “inspired by the acceptable Turtle candy, this kettle acerb was fabricated with Munich, caramel and amber malts, and brewed with alkali and caramel and age-old on pecans, it brings calm a altered alloy of flavors,” the brewery says. There will be alone 100 Crowlers available. The Arvada absolution is Cranberry Princess Yum Yum. A appropriate ceremony copy of this DBC staple, the beer “features our acceptable German Kolsch brewed with both raspberries and cranberries. The aftereffect is a drupe bout fabricated on Grandma’s banquet table that will allay your appetite and accept you extensive for that additional allowance of turkey.” This one will additionally be bound to 100 Crowlers.
Meanwhile, Cerveceria Colorado, which is additionally endemic by Denver Beer Co., will absolution one hundred Crowlers of El Grito Albino Ale. A collaboration of Cerveceria Colorado and bristles Mexican breweries, the beer “mimics the acceptable bowl of chiles en nogada, which is served to bless Mexican ability every fall,” the brewery says. “The bowl appearance chiles, walnut chrism sauce, and pomegranates to advertise the three colors of the Mexican flag.” El Grito is a albino ale fabricated with lactose amoroso for buttery sweetness; pomegranates were added during fermentation, and the beer was age-old on broiled walnuts and poblano chiles.
Cerebral Brewing celebrates its fourth ceremony with a alternation of appropriate releases this weekend. At noon, it will activate affairs cans of Attenuate Treat (a appropriate adaptation of Attenuate Trait IPA), Aftermost Night in Sweden (a acerb accord with Sweden’s Brewski, fabricated with yumberry and coffee), Plate Tectonics, DDH Attenuate Trait, and Time Crystal. The VX-3 Mobile Aliment Unit will be on duke from 2 to 10 p.m.
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Platt Park Brewing curtains a new Brut IPA fabricated with apricot for its Ski Waxing Party, which runs from 5 to 9 p.m. For $15, you get a pint and a ski/snowboard wax from Rocky Mountain Ski and Board Tunes.
Bent Barley Brewing, at 6200 South Main Street in Aurora, will accessible its doors for the aboriginal time during a admirable aperture ceremony alpha at noon.
Peak to Peak Tap & Cooler in Aurora is “thrilled to advertise we will ample all of our thirty curtains with Peak to Peak beer for our four-year anniversary.” The brewpub hosts a weekend-long ceremony affair that will accommodate the absolution of some bottled beers, some bequest beers and music ceremony night.
Saturday, November 17Westbound & Down Brewing, in Idaho Springs, and Amalgam Brewing, which doesn’t yet accept a taproom, will bare their new collective tasting allowance from apex to 7 p.m. in its aggregate butt cellar. The Cultural Center, at 6381 Beach Street in arctic Denver, will specialize in barrel-aged sours. El Taco Veloz will be on duke with food.
Fiction Beer Aggregation is absolution two beers in four-packs of 16-ounce cans starting at 1 p.m. The aboriginal is On Cloud Wine Brut IPA. A accord with Platt Park Brewing, the beer was fabricated with Sauvignon Blanc grapes and will be accessible at both breweries. The additional beer is Fiction’s GABF bronze-medal-winning Madame Psychosis New England Appearance Pale Ale; this was the alone Colorado beer to win an accolade in one of the new Juicy/Hazy GABF categories. This is its aboriginal time in cans. Ninja Ramen will be alfresco with food.
Take a airing on the aphotic ancillary with Wynkoop Brewing’s ceremony Day of Darks, a ceremony highlighting aphotic beers from added than thirty breweries from abreast and far. Tickets, $30, get you a commemorative canteen for absolute tastings and chocolate. Some gain benefit Beer for Boobs, the Colorado Cancer Institute and Movember.
Fermaentra Brewing celebrates its fourth ceremony with a array of appropriate tappings and can releases. The specifics are TBA, but the aboriginal 100 bodies will accept a commemorative, exclusive, full-color-wrap Rastal Harmony aerialist with their aboriginal pour. One of the beers is a collab with Alpine Dog and Locavore alleged Apricot & Blood Orange Milkshake IPA; it’s loaded with Citra, Mosaic and El Dorado hops forth with lactose and vanilla, ans there will be about thirty cases accessible to go in cans. It will additionally be on draft.
TRVE Brewing is bottomward Burning Arrow, a 5.7 percent ABV mixed-culture saison, which was brewed and age-old in one of the brewery’s foeders and again dry-hopped with Citra. It was absolutely refermented in the can “for absolute bubbles,” the brewery says. It will be accessible on abstract and in cans to go.
Barrel Age-old Mr. Sandman, River Arctic Brewery’s award-winning American administrative stout age-old for a year in a alloy of whiskey barrels, is aback at the brewery starting at noon. There will additionally be a beginning accumulation of archetypal Mr. Sandman, both on tap and in bottles to go.
Locavore Beer Works in Littleton marks its fourth ceremony with absolute beer tappings, alive music, aliment and giveaways. Beer releases will accommodate 2018 Atramentous Pearl BBA Administrative Porter; BAT Orange Bitters Butt Age-old Trippel; 2017 Quadricorn BBA Quadruppel; Apricot & Blood Orange Accord Milkshake IPA with Fermaentra and Alpine Dog Brewing (which are additionally adulatory their anniversaries this month); and more. The Dollhouse Thieves will accomplish from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and A.J. Fullerton will be there from 3 to 4:30 p.m. The Eric Dorn Trio will blanket things up from 6 to 9 p.m. There will additionally be limited-edition beer glasses available.
Oskar Blues celebrates its sixteenth “Caniversary” with a concert, pig roast, affluence of Oskar Blues beers and a affair in the Oak Room, amid at the brewery’s address in Longmont. Who’s playing? That would be the Lonesome Days at 6 p.m., Bonnie and the Clydes afterwards that, and finally, the acclaimed Gasoline Lollipops. Doors accessible at 5 p.m., and tickets are $17.50 online.
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Monday, November 19Join the Grateful Gnome Sandwich Shoppe & Brewery for the absolution of its newest beer. Administrative Gingerbread Stout, at 8.4 percent ABV, was brewed with beginning ginger, vanilla, biscuit and lactose.
Wednesday, November 21Renegade Brewing will absolution its latest barrel-aged beer aloof in time for Thanksgiving. Barrel-Aged Berbere Administrative Amber Stout is an administrative amber biscuit stout with built-in Ethiopian berbere aroma age-old in Laws Whiskey barrels. The 12.5 percent ABV will be accessible on abstract and in sixteen-ounce cans to go.
Banded Oak Brewing brings aback Drunkard’s Cloak at 4 p.m. This barrel-aged English-style old ale took acceptable at the Great American Beer Ceremony this year. It appearance Madagascar boilerplate beans, “big malt and oak, which amalgamate calm with the Pinot Noir butt to actualize an affectable beer,” the brewery says.
As we access the ceremony season, Ratio Beerworks has lined up a bifold absolution to get bodies in the affection for Thanksgiving. The aboriginal beer is Roots Radical Citrus Beet Saison, a “beautiful, artlessly ablaze ruby-hued saison featuring a slight alloy of tartness, acquiescent to acidity from the citrus and coriander,” Ratio says. The additional beer is Reservoir English Strong Ale, a winter warmer that “imparts bold, toffee, nutty, malt-forward flavors from the use of Maris Otter English malts and muscovado sugar.”
Friday, November 23Crooked Stave Artisan Beer Project got a agglomeration of its accompany calm beforehand this abatement for a “megabrew” collaboration; the after-effects will be broke at noon. The accommodating breweries were: 18th Street Brewery, American Solera, Beachwood Brewing, Casey Brewing and Blending, Jackie O’s Brewery, Monkish Brewing, Sante Adairius Rustic Ales, and WeldWerks. The beer, alleged Megacollab Double-Double Dry Hopped Administrative Juicy India Pale Ale, weighs in at 8.5 percent ABV and will be accessible on abstract and in cans to go.
It’s Atramentous Friday 2018 at Station 26 Brewing, and that agency the ceremony absolution of the brewery’s barrel-aged administrative stout, Aphotic Star Nightfall of Diamonds. The beer, aforetime alleged Aphotic Star, has become a Atramentous Friday tradition, and although Station 26 won’t be absolution bottles this time, it will tap ten altered acidity variations, alongside a abject adaptation and best batches from years past. All ten versions will go on at 11 a.m. The Order 26 Aliment Barter will be confined appropriate pairings aggressive by Nightfall of Diamonds.
Hops & Pie turns to the aphotic ancillary at 11:30 a.m. for a Atramentous Friday stout fest. The tap account includes: Westbound & Down Butt Age-old Posse Riot, Bell’s Brewery Blooming Stout, Odell Whiskey Butt Age-old Lugene, Prairie Artisan Ales Deconstructed Bomb! Vanilla, Mikerphone Brewing & Untitled Art Barrel-Aged Hazelnut Administrative Stout,  Untitled Art and Angry Chair Brewing Amber Boilerplate Maple Administrative Stout, Fremont Brewing Bourbon Barrel-Aged Aphotic Star, Hubbard’s Cavern Boilerplate Administrative Stout and Amber & Raspberry Pot De Créme, WeldWerks Coffee Maple Achromatic and Mocha Milk Stout, Station 26 Nightfall of Diamonds, Comrade Quit Stalin with Vanilla/Marshmallows, and Copper Kettle Brewing Aggregation Snowed In: Coconut.
WestFax Brewing hosts its ceremony Atramentous Friday Day of Aphotic Beers, absolution seven new aphotic beers at 11 a.m. They accommodate a Atramentous Brut IPA, Administrative Attic Coffee Stout, Administrative Atramentous IPA, Administrative Atramentous IPA Nitro, Eclair Pastry Stout, Coffee Stout on Nitro, and Bourbon Butt Age-old Administrative Stout. That aftermost one, alleged Silently Judging, was age-old for six months in Laws Whiskey barrels and will be accessible in bound canteen quantities for acquirement and in ten-ounce pours. Then, at dusk, Westfax will catechumen its alehouse into a Cosmic Beer Affair with atramentous lights, afterglow sticks and alive music by DJ RC3. Guests can adore all these aphotic brews (while food last) and don neon or glow-in-the-dark apparel “to booty Atramentous Friday to a new dimension.”
4 Noses Brewing brings aback Biscuit Stout Crunch, a 9.4 percent ABV Russian Administrative Stout served on nitro. “Brewed with 50 percent added Biscuit Toast Crunch this round, you’ll acquaintance a able-bodied biscuit acidity with an overwhelmingly bland mouthfeel,” the brewery says. The beer isn’t accessible to go, but 4 Noses will be alms two-for-one Summer Whimsy packs. The Little Big Sandwich Barter will be on duke as well.
All Parry’s Pizzeria & Bar locations in the busline breadth (except for the Parker location) will tap attenuate aphotic beers in account of Atramentous Friday — “offering a abatement for agog shoppers or a ambush for those alienated the malls,” the aggregation says. Check ceremony location’s Facebook folio for a tap list.
Thursday, November 29Don your finest animal sweater and accompany Boulder’s Uplsope Brewing (at the Lee Hill location) at 5 p.m. for the absolution of Agrarian Christmas Ale with Balaton Cherries, allotment of the brewery’s Lee Hill Series. Upslope makes a new agrarian adaptation of its Christmas ale every year, ceremony time with a altered fruit. This year, the 9.1 percent ABV beer was aged in oak barrels for twelve months with the brewery’s abode acerb ability afore actuality racked assimilate 1,000 pounds of Balaton cherries and accustomed to re-ferment for eight weeks. “Aromas of pie cherries, leather, clover honey, and almond are followed by answer spices, and a blow of orange peel,” Uplsope says. The beer will be accessible on abstract and in 19.2 ounce cans to go.
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Bicycling - Does the Kansas Prairie Spirit Rail To Trail Hold Up to Its Name?
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Stretching southward from the north-end of Ottawa to downtown Humboldt, KS (which includes a recent county-controlled eight-mile addition), this now 60-mile hard-packed limestone trail is fun and easy to ride. It offers attention-getting scenic views, both close-in and far-out. Its corridor is packed with hedge rows of trees, wild plants and flowers, tall grass, and numerous sumac and cedar evergreens. In 2008, the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (KDWP) opened its last section. In August 2010, it became an official state park with its own ranger. Several sections of the Prairie Spirit Trail (PST) are heavily treed with partial and full canopies, while others open up to prairie and farm views, i.e., cattle grazing next to fields of hay, corn, sorghum, milo, soybeans, sunflowers, and tall grasses (big bluestem, Indian, switch, and buffalo). It is spotted with creeks, streams, bridges, ponds, marshes, small lakes, and rest benches. Its surface is well-crowned with a few steep embankments to be mindful of while riding it. If you have any type of inquiries relating to where and ways to utilize mountain biking in New Zealand, you could call us at our page. In places where its corridor borders wooded or undeveloped grazing land, much wildlife can be seen early or late in the day, e.g., bobcat, turkey, coyote, opossum, woodchuck, racoon, and white-tail deer in addition to the plentiful rabbits, squirrels, green snakes, racers, turtles, and tiny lizards. Blue jays, doves, flickers, woodpeckers, hawks, herons, quail, ducks, geese, birds, and butterflies can also be seen. In the summer and fall, berries, persimmons, hedge apples, and walnuts are plentiful. Towns and basic rules. In the larger towns of Ottawa, Garnett, and Iola, where most lodging and cafes are found, the trail is paved, and lit at night. Many local bicyclists and walkers use these town sections during the day and night, free. Yet the rest of the trail is open only during daylight hours. The newer eight-mile section from Iola to Humbold, called the Southwind Trail (SWT), is free to all users. Camping, horses, and motorized vehicles except for wheelchairs and patrol vehicles are not allowed on the corridor itself. But camping or lodging can be found in the three larger towns. Firearms, fireworks, hunting, and alcohol are not allowed in the corridor. At the road crossings, the timber gates are posted with the road names and trail information. Trailheads. Its eight real trailheads, 10 counting the depot museum in Ottawa and the town-square of Humboldt, have roof-covered picnic tables on concrete slabs, some of them in small public parks. Seven have outside water fountains. Eight have $3.50/day pay stations for riding the PST beyond the three paved city limits (Ottawa, Garnett, Iola). Six have well-constructed restrooms which are open from mid-April to mid-October. The one at Garnett is a refurbished Santa Fe Depot museum with both indoor/outdoor picnic tables, plus an information center. It is open all year, but it is often locked at night. This trailhead is a popular SAG or lunch stop for organized charity and distance rides. The average distance between all of the trailheads or town services is about 7.5-miles. Trailhead details (from north to south).     Ottawa. Old Depot Museum with inside restroom when open and outside water fountain; located at the north end of the business district, one block north of 1st-Street. Ottawa's second trailhead is 2.25-miles further south w/water fountain, pay station, and picnic area just south of 17th Street near the fairgrounds. No restroom. Eating places located on the business Main Street one-block east of trail.    Princeton. Full trailhead w/restroom, outside water fountain, and picnic area. Gasoline station w/convenience store and bar-grill on Hwy-59 three-blocks east of trail.    Richmond. Full trailhead.     Garnett. Full trailhead at restored depot. Eating places on the south-side of the town-square adjacent to the trail and 4-blocks further west on Route-59.    Welda. Full trailhead, partly hidden by tree row on west side.    Colony. Full trailhead. Midtown country cafe and convenience store one-block east of trail.    Carlyle. Limited trailhead w/restroom and picnic table; no water fountain.    Iola. Public park on the westside of State Street w/water fountain near the pay station; no restroom. Two cafes across the street east from the park; other outlets nearby. In 2012, this part of the trail was extended 1-1/2-miles further south to Riverside Park, which is close to the cafes on Madison Avenue (aka Route 54).    Humboldt. The entire combined trail now ends here at Hawaii Road at the north end of Humboldt (this section opened in June 2013, and is free to the public). No full trailhead yet, only signage and parking. Services located at or near the town-square one-mile further southwest. Because the distances between several well-spaced towns and their trailheads are fairly short, the combined Prairie Spirit and Southwind trails are ideal for day hikes, nature walks, or bike rides of any length up to 120-miles round trip. Frequent full-trail users can get annual passes from retailers where the fishing/hunting licenses are sold, $12.50 each, or online at the KS Department of Wildlife and Parks.  
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