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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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Curiosity Rover Samples Active Linear Dune on t industrial 4G/3G router he Surface of Mars

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This view from the Mast Camera (Mastcam) on NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover shows two scales of ripples, plus other textures, in an area where the mission examined a linear-shaped dune in the Bagnold dune field on lower Mount Sharp in March and April 2017.

From February to April 2017, NASA’s Curiosity Mars Rover examined linear sand dunes to compare with what it found in 2015 and 2016 during an investigation of crescent-shaped dunes. This two-phase campaign is the first close-up study of active dunes anywhere other than Earth.

As it drives uphill from a band of rippled sand dunes, Curiosity is toting a fistful of dark sand for onboard analysis that will complete the rover’s investigation of those dunes.

Among the questions this Martian dune campaign is addressing is how winds shape dunes that are relatively close together, on the same side of the same mountain, into different patterns. Others include whether Martian winds sort grains of sand in ways that affect the distribution of mineral compositions, which would have implications for studies of Martian sandstones.

“At these linear dunes, the wind regime is more complicated than at the crescent dunes we studied earlier,” said Mathieu Lapotre of Caltech, in Pasadena, California, who helped lead the Curiosity science team’s planning for the duneGrid Analytics campaign. “There seems to be more contribution from the wind coming down the slope of the mountain here compared with the crescent dunes farther north.”

This 360-degree panorama was acquired by the Mast Camera (Mastcam) on NASA’s Curiosity rover looking out over part of an area called Bagnold Dunes, which stretch for miles on Mars. This location, called “Ogunquit Beach,” is on the northwestern flank of lower Mount Sharp. Points of interest include the dune’s ripples, and bedrock made from sediments deposited in lakes billions of years ago.

The linear dunes lie uphill and about a mile (about 1.6 kilometers) south from the crescent dunes. Both study locations are part of a dark-sand swath called the Bagnold Dunes, which stretches several miles in length. This dune field lines the northwestern flank of Grid Analytics System Mount Sharp, the layered mountain that Curiosity is climbing.

“There was another key difference between the first and second phases of our dune campaign, besides the shape of the dunes,” Lapotre said. “We were at the crescent dunes during the low-wind season of the Martian year and at the linear dunes during the high-wind season. We got to see a lot more movement of grains and ripples at the linear dunes.”

To assess wind strength and direction, the rover team now uses change-detection pairs of images taken at different times to check for movement of sand grains. The wind-sensing capability of the Curiosity’s Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) is no longer available, though that instrument still returns other Mars-weather data daily, such as temperatures, humidity and pressure. Two of the six wind sensors on the rover’s mast were found to be inoperable upon landing on Mars in 2012. The remainder provided wind information throughout the rover’s prime mission and first two-year extended mission.

A sample of sand that Curiosity scooped up from a linear dune is in the sample-handling device at the end of the rover’s arm. One portion has been analyzed in the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument inside the rover. The science team plans to deliver additional sample portions to SAM and to the rover’s Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instrument.

This 360-degree scene from the Mastcam on NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover includes part of a linear-shaped dune the rover examined in early 2017 for comparison with what it found previously at crescent-shaped dunes. The view shows the dark, rippled surface of the active dune, near sedimentary bedrock.

One factor in choosing to drive farther uphill before finishing analysis of the scooped sand is the sta industrial router tus of Curiosity’s rock-sampling drill, which has not been used on a rock since a problem with the drill feed mechanism appeared five months ago. Engineers are assessing how the use of vibration to deliver samples may affect the drill feed mechanism, which is used to move the drill bit forward and backwards. In addition, high winds at the linear-dunes location were complicating the process of pouring sample material into the entry ports for the laboratory instruments.

“A balky brake appears to be affecting drill feed mechanism performance,” said Curiosity Deputy Project Manager Steven Lee, of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California. “In some cases, vibration has been observed to change feed effectiveness, so we’re proceeding cautiously until we better understand the behavior. In the meantime, the engineering team is developing several methods to improve feed reliability.”

Curiosity landed near Mount Sharp in August 2012. It reached the base of the mountain in 2014 after successfully finding evidence on the surrounding plains that ancient Martian lakes offered conditions that would have been favorable for microbes if Mars has ever hosted life. Rock layers forming the base of Mount Sharp accumulated as sediment within ancient lakes billions of years ago.

On Mount Sharp, Curiosity is investigating how and when the ancient habitable conditions known from the mission’s earlier findings evolved into drier conditions that were less favorable for life.

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sillyanimegamingroad · 4 years ago

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Best Huawei 4G wireless router

We have brought you a best Huawei 4G wireless router. Although the usual thing is that your operator “gives you” a router when hiring their services, it is not always the case, nor can it be the ideal model for our needs … and if the idea is to move from one place to another – like it can be a second residence – we add one more question to the equation: the need for it to be 4G so that, wherever you are, you have internet. We have tested the Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro 4G wireless router and this is our experience.

Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro datasheet

CHARACTERISTICSHUAWEI 4G ROUTER 3 PROPorts1 Wan / Lan GE port, 3 Lan GE ports, one SIM (micro-SIM) card slotWifi802.11ac / a / n 2 x 2 and 802.11b / g / n 2 x 2. Dual band (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz)4G bandsLTE: B1 / B3 / B7 / B8 / B20 / B28 / B32 / B38, UMTS: B1 / B84G speed300 Mbps / 100 Mbps (theoretical value. Actual speed depends on operator)ProcessorBalong chip, Gigahome dual band Wi-Fi chipDimensions and weight219mm x 138mm x 25.6mm; 325 g.Additional featuresSupport MU-MIMO technology, HUAWEI SmartHome APP, SMS service, firewall, PIN protection, MAC address filtering, Wi-Fi encryption authentication, VPN tunnel / VPN penetration test, IP, IPv6 and IPv6 / IPv4 dual stack , multi-APN, WeBUI, admin maintenance, HOTAPrice99 euros

Huawei Datasheet

Design: with 4G, but not “portable”

The 4G router occur essentially in three formats: the compact sticks to plug into the computer – the device which are fed -; a little larger and with an integrated battery to use them on the go and, finally, the ones that most resemble a router “of a lifetime”, as is the case with the model at hand. This format has certain peculiarities.

Both due to dimensions and the need for a plug, we will not be able to use the Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro in mobility, but it is the most suitable for places such as a second residence, a flat for rent or simply a location without internet thanks to its features. Also, if we go to a space that has internet, we can use the WAN socket to use it as a normal router. But if we lack installation, pulling the 4G card is the solution. After this little clarification, we proceed to delve into its design. The Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro wireless router is great, but not because of that it is difficult to move from one place to another. In fact, if you don’t have the stand to hold it upright, it’s pretty much the same as a paperback book of about two hundred pages . Its casing is made of resistant and functional white plastic that does not detract from aesthetics, reinforced by its minimalist lines.

On the front we find a line with LEDs to inform us of the signal strength, if it is on or off or the internet connection. At the base, the slot for a microSIM card and behind the reset button and the range of ports: it has four gigabit Ethernet ports – one LAN / WAN – to connect devices such as the computer or TV, the power socket and a port to connect the landline phone. Also on the back we find two 4G antenna extension ports (not included) hidden by a cover . Finally, at the top is the button to turn it on and off and the Hi / WPS, which allows you to quickly connect smart devices with the Huawei Smart Life platform.

A beginner-proof setup

Huawei Router setup

The workhorse of a good part of Internet users is to configure the router . Thus, we simply want to register, for the technician to come home and perform the installation to leave it operational. And to cross our fingers so that it does not fail, at which time sooner rather than later it will be our turn to call for assistance.

The previous paragraph refers to the home Wi-Fi and the routers that the operators give us, but with a 4G router the starting point is different, since the idea is to take it from one place to another, which implies transporting it often and probably adding new devices. In this usage scenario, quick and easy setup is especially important. In this sense, the Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro wireless router fully complies: it did not take more than to insert a micro-SIM card (3FF) and turn it on. Here it is important to keep in mind that we are going to need three passwords :

The first is the SIM card PIN , which comes on the large card that supports it, where we also find the useful and unmissable PUK. There is the option to disable the option of having to enter it each time we access to speed up the process.

The password to access the router options through the web http://192.168.8.1/ , which by default is “admin” (you will see it on the back of the device)

The default password to access the Wi-Fi network is also found on the back of the router, which will help you connect to the network with different computers simply by looking for the network name that begins with “HUAWEI …” (the SSID) and adding the password.

Once the three keys have been entered in the initial process, we will find ourselves in the main screen of the router menu. If everything has gone well, you will see the white lights for power on, Wi-Fi and the intensity of the signal, as well as a blue light that indicates that everything is fine.

An alternative to this procedure, which I have carried out from my computer, is to read the QR code on the back from the mobile or tablet , so that you can do the same configuration process from other devices.

The software version of the Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro wireless router is simple to use, it is simplified – in some cases there are advanced options that we can deploy if we want to go beyond the basics – and it is completely translated into Spanish. Thus, the data and steps to follow are quite clear and visual. Essentially we are going to find a home screen that is the one you see on these lines, the network and Wi-Fi settings , where among other operations we can change the network search and the Wi-Fi / internet options, create limited networks for guests; In Devices we will visualize the connected devices with the possibility of removing them from the network; In Tools we have access to parental control and usage statistics and finally in Advanced we have security options such as firewalls , updates or VoIP. Although there are some sections that require certain knowledge (the Advanced name is the most descriptive to avoid headaches), the strong point of this router is the simplicity of its management software , which allows you to do basic and fundamental tasks to manage our network, such as changing the Wi-Fi name and password that come due to defects, knowing who is connected or what we have consumed from our rate. And if we are more skilled with technology, it also has more complex options to configure to taste.

Performance: getting the most out of the signal

With the blunt size of a pocket book and a friendly and intuitive interface, the third pillar to evaluate in a 4G router is its performance . And it is that for trips and specific uses, there are many of us who settle for doing tethering from the mobile and save the ballot. I anticipate that by using the Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro wireless router instead I have gained in performance, signal stability and connected devices compared to my phone.

Huawei Router speed

Although this Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro offers maximum theoretical values of 4G speed of 300/100 Mbps and is compatible with 5G , it is important to remember that if we pull a SIM card to have Wi-Fi without cables we will be hopelessly tied to the coverage, the gigs contracted and the speed provided by the operator. Furthermore, in our case we have not been able to make use of 5G connectivity and its advantages.

We wanted to check the difference in performance between the Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro router and do tethering with the mobile with an experiment, which although it has limitations, serves as an approximation: place both in the same place to minimize the effect of coverage and use the same SIM card to compare speed and latency data by running a speed test , specifically speedtest.nl .

The first on the forehead: when leaving my iPhone in the place of the router to run the test from the computer a little less than two meters away, the low signal intensity does not allow us to run it the first time, so we have to try again.

Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro

The Internet is one of those things that we almost take for granted in our lives that we don’t miss it until we lose it … such as when we go to a second home, a rural accommodation or simply a new office where we don’t there is connection.

Precisely because there are many of us who do not care too much about the router we use in order to have internet, when we have to go on a trip we appreciate more than ever a 4G solution like this Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro.

Its main strengths are its simplicity of use and configuration, which is not exempt from advanced options for other more technical user profiles, and the optimization that it is capable of doing with the data it takes from the card. In this sense, its management to deliver a stable network for various devices is very compelling .

This device is not the most compact on the market nor is it the cheapest – without going any further, Huawei itself has other more affordable models such as the Huawei E5576-320 or the Huawei E5576-320 , both aimed at mobile use -, but If we want a router that is not to be used on the go, but to move it from one place to another from time to time and there make intensive and demanding use, the Huawei 4G Router 3 Pro wireless router is a firm candidate that does not clash in terms of at a price compared to similar models from other manufacturers such as the D-Link DWR-921 or the TP-Link TL-MR6400 , both in its price range.

The post Best Huawei 4G wireless router appeared first on Technoeager.

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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Cassini Reveals Monstrous Ice Cloud in Titan’s Sout wordpress plugins shop h Polar Region

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As winter sets in at Titan’s south pole, a cloud system called the south polar vortex (small, bright “button”) has been forming, as seen in this 2013 image. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute

NASA’s Cassini Spacecraft has detected a monstrous new cloud of frozen compounds in the Titan’s low- to mid-stratosphere – a stable atmospheric region above the troposphere, or active weather layer. The new observations made near VPN industrial router for commercial and industrial and M2M/IoT applications the south pole of Titan add to the evidence that winter comes in like a lion on this moon of Saturn.

Cassini’s camera had already imaged an impressive cloud hovering over Titan’s south pole at an altitude of about 186 miles (300 kilometers). However, that cloud, first seen in 2012, turned out to be just the tip of the iceberg. A much more massive ice cloud system has now been found lower in the stratosphere, peaking at an altitude of about 124 miles (200 kilometers).

The new cloud was detected by Cassini’s infrared instrument – the Composite Infrared Spectrometer, or CIRS – which obtains profiles of the atmosphere at invisible thermal wavelengths. The cloud has a low density, similar to Earth’s fog but likely flat on top.

For the past few years, Cassini has been catching glimpses of the transition from fall to winter at Titan’s south pole – the first time any spacecraft has seen the onset of a Titan winter. Because each Titan season lasts about 7-1/2 years on Earth’s calendar, the south pole will still be enveloped in winter when the Cassini mission ends in 2017.

This 2012 close-up offers an early snapshot of the changes taking place at Titan’s south pole. Cassini’s camera spotted this impressive cloud hovering at an altitude of about 186 miles (300 kilometers). Cassini’s thermal infrared instrument has now detected a massive ice cloud below it. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute

“When we looked at the infrared data, this ice cloud stood out like nothing we’ve ever seen before,” said Carrie Anderson of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “It practically smacked us in the face.”

Anderson is presenting the findings Vending Telemeter at the annual Meeting of the Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society at National Harbor, Maryland, on November 11.

The ice clouds at Titan’s pole don’t form in the same way as Earth’s familiar rain clouds.

For rain clouds, water evaporates from the surface and encounters cooler temperatures as it rises through the troposphere. Clouds form when the water vapor reaches an altitude where the combination of temperature and air pressure is right for condensation. The methane clouds in Titan’s troposphere form in a similar way.

However, Titan’s polar clouds form higher in the atmosphere by a different process. Circulation in the atmosphere transports gases from the pole in the warm hemisphere to the pole in the cold hemisphere. At the cold pole, the wa remote monitoring rm air sinks, almost like water draining out of a bathtub, in a process known as subsidence.

The sinking gases – a mixture of smog-like hydrocarbons and nitrogen-bearing chemicals called nitriles – encounter colder and colder temperatures on the way down. Different gases will condense at different temperatures, resulting in a layering of clouds over a range of altitudes.

Cassini arrived at Saturn in 2004 – mid-winter at Titan’s north pole. As the north pole has been transitioning into springtime, the ice clouds there have been disappearing. Meanwhile, new clouds have been forming at the south pole. The build-up of these southern clouds indicates that the direction of Titan’s global circulation is changing.

“Titan’s seasonal changes continue to excite and surprise,” said Scott Edgington, Cassini deputy project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. “Cassini, with its very capable suite of instruments, will continue to periodically study how changes occur on Titan until its Solstice mission ends in 2017.”

The size, altitude and composition of the polar ice clouds help scientists understand the nature and severity of Titan’s winter. From the ice cloud seen earlier by Cassini’s camera, scientists determined that temperatures at the south pole must get down to at least -238 degrees Fahrenheit (-150 degrees Celsius).

The new cloud was found in the lower stratosphere, where temperatures are even colder. The ice particles are made up of a variety of compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen.

Anderson and her colleagues had found the same signature in CIRS data from the north pole, but in that case, the signal was much weaker. The very strong signature of the south polar cloud supports the idea that the onset of winter is much harsher than the end.

“The opportunity to see the early stages of winter on Titan is very exciting,” said Robert Samuelson, a Goddard researcher working with Anderson. “Everything we are finding at the south pole tells us that the onset of southern winter is much more severe than the late stages of Titan’s northern winter.”

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usriot-technology · 5 years ago

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What is the 4G Industrial Router?

What is the 4G industrial router?

Industrial router technology enables the establishment of wireless connections at remote locations for primary or backup data communications. Industrial router manufacturer USRIOT can customize according to your application needs.

Can 4G industrial routers use GSM and CDMA?

Common 4G industrial routers can run on multiple networks around the world and have a variety of protocols, including LTE, HSPA +, HSUPA, HSDPA, UMTS, EDGE, GPRS, EVDO Rev A and 1xRTT. The industrial router can flexibly choose your preferred service provider and be compatible with GSM or CDMA frequency band, and plan according to your use needs.

GSM and CDMA networks provide software-configurable cellular connectivity and provide cellular carrier diversity in a single module. An optional industrial router provides maximum coverage, taking full advantage of network coverage from all major carriers.

Regarding Wireless WAN, operator have their own definition of 4G. Wikipedia's interpretation is, "4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G. A 4G system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D television."

Applications requiring high-speed data connectivity provide commercial-grade industrial routers, including mobile computing, transmission, video and electronic signage. Some 4G implementations also provide much lower delay communication, so as to implement applications such as industrial controls, utility SCADA solutions, and other time-sensitive applications. Industrial routers also include the latest security protocols, including SSL, VPN tunnel and AES encryption.

Applications in markets such as finance, retail and game need to increase data security and reliability. Features such as asynchronous/synchronous serial ports, state firewall checking, integrated VPN security, and other advanced routing capabilities make industrial router products ideal for critical and sensitive data. These security features can integrate high-speed connections into PCI DSS compatible applications.

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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Cassini Reveals the Spirals in Saturn’s D Rin digital signage g

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In this image NASA’s Cassini Spacecraft reveals the spiral structures in Saturn’s D ring.

Although the D ring of Saturn is so thin that it’s barely noticeable compared to the rest IoT Remote Monitoring of the ring system, it still displays structures seen in other Saturnian rings. Here the spiral structures in the D ring are on display.

The D ring spirals, discovered in Cassini images, are believed to be due to a warp in the ring created in the early 1980s. The precise mechanism remains the subject of scientific debate. Over the course of the Cassini mission, scientists have been able to observe the spiral winding ever more tightly as it evolves.

(The bright specks and faint vertical streaks are merely image artifacts. The processes typically employed to remove these artifacts would also have degraded the exquisite details of the D ring which are visible here.)

This view looks toward the sunlit side of the rings from about 22 degrees above the ringplane. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on July 6, 2013.

The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 350,000 miles (563,0 WiFi 00 kilom smart grid eters) from Saturn and at a Sun-Saturn-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 131 degrees. Image scale is 2.1 miles (3.4 kilometers) per pixel.

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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Yale Engineers Develop joomla webdesign New Colors for Solar Energy

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In photo: vials containing host materials and the guest materials of the solar cells (courtesy of the Transformative Materials and Devices Lab)

Engineers from the School of Engineering & Applied Science at Yale University have developed a solar cell that widens the choice of co da monitoring lors without decreasing its power conversion efficiency.

The technology of solar energy has progressed dramatically in the last few decades, as it operates with increasing efficiency and at lower costs.

But the matter of how solar panels look remains an obstacle. Most photovoltaic panels are blue or black and cover large portions of buildings with a monotone hue. That might not jibe with your personal taste – or that of your homeowners’ association. It’s a limitation that has hindered the integration of solar energy into some commercial applications. In fact, architects and designers have long requested a wider choice of colors for solar cells to allow them to seamlessly blend into a building’s façade or an electronic system.

Up to now, however, expandin VPN gateway g the palette of colors that solar energy engineers can work with has proven notoriously difficult. That could be changing, though, with work from the lab of industrial router Andre Taylor, associate professor of chemical & environmental engineering. Researchers there have developed a solar cell that widens the choice of colors without decreasing its power conversion efficiency. Their findings are published in Nano Energy.

Researchers have previously tried a few methods to vary the colors of solar panels. One approach involved adjusting a layer of the solar cell so that it would reflect different colors – this has proved to be costly and with limited results, however. Another method introduced what’s known as a “dye molecule” to allow for more colors. This approach, however, diminishes the efficiency at which the system converts sunlight to energy.

The research team in Taylor’s Transformative Materials and Devices Lab also used a dye molecule, but this one doesn’t diminish the power conversion efficiency. Jaemin Kong, a post-doctoral associate and lead author of the paper, explains that this is because the molecule – a squaraine known as ASSQ – acts not only as a color agent, but as an energy transfer donor. It works in conjunction with two polymers – one that serves as an electron donor and the other as a non-fullerene electron acceptor. By changing the ratios of those three elements, the researchers were able to make adjustments that allowed for a gradual color variation from blue-green to purple-red.

“I think that’s a pretty impressive part of this paper – there was no major sacrifice of the power conversion efficiency,” Taylor said. “And the nice thing about this is that the dye can be used at low concentrations, so it doesn’t necessarily affect the overall mechanism.”

Other authors of the paper are Megan Mohadjer Beromi, Marina Mariano,Tenghooi Goh, Francisco Antonio, and Nilay Hazari.

Publication: Jaemin Konga, et al., “Colorful polymer solar cells employing an energy transfer dye molecule,” Nano Energy, Volume 38, August 2017, Pages 36–42; doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.032

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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MIT Physicists Create a Superfluid in a Record WiFi -High Magnetic Field

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Equipment used by the Ketterle Group to create superfluids. Photo: Bryce Vickmark

Physicists from MIT have created a superfluid gas, the so-called Bose-Einstein condensate, for the first time in an extremely high magnetic field.

The magnetic field is a synthetic magnetic field, generated using laser beams, and is 100 times stronger than that of the world’s strongest magnets. Within this magnetic field, the researchers could keep a gas superfluid for a tenth of a second — just long enough for the team to observe it. The researchers report their results this week in the journal Nature Physics.

A superfluid is a phase of matter that only certain liquids or gases can assume, if they are cooled to extremely low temperatures. At temperatures approaching absolute zero, atoms cease their individual, energetic trajectories, and start to move collectively as one wave.

Superfluids are thought to flow endlessly, without losing energy, similar to electrons in a superconductor. Observing the behavior of superfluids therefore may help scientists improve the quality of superconducting magnets and sensors, and develop energy-efficient methods for transporting electricity.

But superfluids are temperamental, and can disappear in a flash if atoms cannot be kept cold or confined. The MIT team combined several techniques in generating ultracold temperatures, to create and maintain a superfluid gas long enough to observe it at ultrahigh synthetic magnetic fields.

“Going to extremes is the way to make discoveries,” says team leader Wolfgang Ketterle, the John D. MacArthur Professor of Physics at MIT. “We use ultracold atoms to map out and understand the behavior of materials which have not yet been created. In this sense, we are ahead of nature.”

Ketterle’s team members include grad Industrial IoT Router/Gateway uate students Colin Kennedy, William Cody Burton, and Woo Chang Chung.

A superfluid with loops

The team first used a combination of laser cooling and evaporative cooling methods, originally co-developed by Ketterle, to cool atoms of rubidium to nanokelvin temperatures. Atoms of rubidium are known as bosons, for their even number of nucleons and electrons. When cooled to near absolute zero, bosons form what’s called a Bose-Einstein condensate — a superfluid state that was first co-discovered by Ketterle, and for which he was ultimately awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in physics.

After cooling the atoms, the researchers used a set of lasers to create a crystalline array of atoms, or optical lattice. The electric field of the laser beams creates what’s known as a periodic potential landscape, similar to an egg carton, which mimics the regular arrangement of particles in real crystalline materials.

When charged particles are exposed to magnetic fields, their trajectories are bent into circular orbits, causing them to loop around and around. The higher the magnetic field, the tighter a particle’s orbit becomes. However, to confine electrons to the microscopic scale of a crystalline material, a magnetic field 100 times stronger than that of the strongest magnets in the world would be required.

The group asked whether this could be done with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Since the ultracold atoms are not charged, as electrons are, but are instead neutral particles, their trajectories are normally unaffected by magnetic fields.

Instead, the MIT group came up with a technique to generate a synthetic, ultrahigh magnetic field, using laser beams to push atoms around in tiny orbits, similar to the orbits of electrons under a real magnetic field. In 2013, Ketterle and his colleagues demonstrated the technique, along with other researchers in Germany, which uses a tilt of the optical lattice and two additional laser beams to control the motion of the atoms. On a flat lattice, atoms can easily move around from site to site. However, in a tilted lattice, the atoms would have to work against gravity. In this scenario, atoms could only move with the help of laser beams.

“Now the laser beams could be used to make neutral atoms move around like electrons in a strong magnetic field,” added Kennedy.

Using laser beams, the group could make the atoms orbit, or loop around, in a radius as small as two lattice squares, similar to how particles would move in an extremely high magnetic field.

“Once we had the idea, we were really excited about it, because of its simplicity. All we had to do was take two suitable laser beams and carefully align them at specific angles, and then the atoms drastically change their behavior,” Kennedy says.

“New perspectives to known physics&rdquo emark certified ;

After developing the tilting technique to simulate a high magnetic field, the group worked for a year and a half to optimize the lasers and electronic controls to avoid any extraneous pushing of the atoms, which could make them lose their superfluid properties.

“It’s a complicated experiment, with a lot of laser beams, electronics, and magnets, and we really had to get everything stable,” Burton says. “It took so long just to iron out all the details to eventually have this ultracold matter in the presence of these high fields, and keep them cold — some of it was painstaking work.”

In the end, the researchers were able to keep the superfluid gas stable for a tenth of a second. During that time, the team took time-of-flight pictures of the distribution of atoms to capture the topology, or shape, of the superfluid. Those images also reveal the structure of the magnetic field — something that’s been known, but never directly visualized until now.

“The main accomplishment is that we were able to verify and identify the superfluid state,” Ketterle says. “If we can get synthetic magnetic fields under even better control, our laboratory could do years of research on this topic. For the expert, what it opens up is a new window into the quantum world, where materials with new properties can be studied.”

Going forward, the team plans to carry out similar experiments, but to add strong interactions between ultracold atoms, or to incorporate different quantum states, or spins. Ketterle says such experiments would connect the research to important frontiers in material research, including quantum Hall physics and topologica industrial LTE router l insulators.

“We are adding new perspectives to physics,” Ketterle says. “We are touching on the unknown, but also showing physics that in principle is known, but at a new level of clarity.”

This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, the Air Force Office for Scientific Research, and the Army Research Office.

Publication: Colin J. Kennedy, et al., “Observation of Bose–Einstein condensation in a strong synthetic magnetic field,” Nature Physics (2015); doi:10.1038/nphys3421

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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Germany’s Solar Power Output Rose By 60% in cellular gateway 2011

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Here’s a bit of good news for renewable energy from Germany. The German Solar Industry Association (BSW) says that the nation’s solar power producers have now produced 60% more electricity in 2011 than they did in all of 2010, producing 18 billion kWh. That’s very impressive growth.

19.9% of Germany’s energy was produced from low-carbon sources in 2011, up from 16.4% in 2010. BSW’s managing director Carsten Koernig stated that “solar energy has become an indispensable ingredient of a successful energy strategy shift.” The solar sector alone has produced enough electricity to power about 5.1 million homes. That Intelligent Traffic Enforcement ’s about one-eighth of all homes in Germany.

Due to unfavorable weather industrial LTE router conditions, some say that the solar sector’s production remains volatile and unsustainable, relying on a subsidy-driven situation. That leads to high cost for consumers. Koernig isn’t worried about that and says that tintelligent vending machinehe solar industry stands by its commitments to cut costs, which have already dropped by 50 percent since 2007. Lower costs and growth paint a nice picture for the country’s energy situation.

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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Newly Developed WiFi M2M Router ‘Rochester Cloak’ Enhances Cloaking Abilities

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While the Rochester Cloak relied solely on lenses, a newly developed system combines a different type of lens array combined with a digital scanning and processing technique that increases the range of angles for which it works.

The Rochester researchers have shown a proof-of-concept demonstration for such a setup, which is still much lower resolution than the nearly perfect imaging achieved by the Rochester Cloak lenses. But with increasingly higher resolution displays becoming available, the “ m2m iot digital integral cloak” they describe in their new Optica paper will continue to improve.

While the Rochester Cloak offered a simple way of cloaking, it was limited by the cloaking working only over small angles, and cloaking large objects would require large, expensive lenses.

By breaking up the information into distinct pieces, it becomes possible to use currently available digital cameras and digital displays. The Rochester researchers use a camera to scan a background and then encode the information in such a way that every pixel on a screen offers a unique view of a given point on the background for a given position of a viewer. By doing this for many views and using lenticular le touchscreen vending nses – a sheet of plastic with an array of thin, parallel semicylindrical lenses – they can recreate multiple images of the background, each corresponding to a viewer at a different position. So if the viewer moves from side to side, every part of the background moves accordingly as if the screen was not there, “cloaking” anything in the space between the screen and the background.

In the current system, it takes PhD student Joseph Choi and his advisor Professor of Physics John Howell several minutes to scan, process and update the image on the screen, i.e. to update the background. But Choi explains they are hoping soon to be able to do this in real-time, even if at lower resolution.

John Howell, professor of physics and optics, explains the technology behind a new cloaking system that operates on the same principles as a previous system created in his lab with graduate student, Joseph Choi, known as the Rochester Cloak.

Their mathematical framework and their proof-of-concept setup also demonstrates how any object of a fixed size can be cloaked, even when in motion – so industrial wireless long as the shape of the object remains fixed and does not deform. To do this one side of the object would be covered in an array of sensors – effectively cameras – and the other side in pixels with tiny lenses over them. Choi’s and Howell’s approach could then be used to identify which sensors need to feed into which pixels so as to show the background as if an object wasn’t there. A similar trick has been used in advertising, but for one viewing angle only. However, by using the Rochester group’s setup, a car, for example, could be made invisible to viewers from multiple positions, not just to a person at a predetermined position.

Publication:Joseph S. Choi, John C. Howell. Paraxial ray optics cloaking. Optics Express, 2014; 22 (24): 29465 DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.029465

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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New Method Speeds up Stabilization of Chaotic Syste ATM Remote Diagnostic ms

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The new findings of the scientists in Göttingen suggest that the reaction times of the robot Amos can be significantly reduced. Credit: Poramate Manoonpong and Florentin Wörgötter, University of Göttingen and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen

A team of researchers has developed a new method to speed up the stabilization of chaotic systems.

When chaos threatens, speed is essential; for example, when a pacemaker needs to stabilize an irregular heartbeat or a robot has to react to the information received from its environment. Both cases require imposing a stable, organized state on a chaotic system. Scientists from the Max Planck Insti Industrial IoT Gateway tute for Dynamics and Self-Organization in Göttingen, the Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen and the University of Göttingen have developed a method for accelerating control. The key to success: A less invasive approach that cleverly exploits the natural behavior of the system.

When the ground beneath Amos starts to rise, the insectoid robot can skilfully adapt to the changing conditions. After only a moment’s hesitation, he autonomously switches gait and selects a different movement pattern for his six legs, suitable for climbing the slope. To do this low-cost cellular router , Amos’ “brain”, a comparatively tiny network with few circuits, has to work at full tilt. Can this “thought process” be accelerated? Scientists in Göttingen think so. Their calculations show how Amos’ reaction times can be significantly reduced.

The autonomous six-legged robot was developed three years ago and subsequently optimized by a team led by theoretical physicist Marc Timme, who, together with his Research Group, works at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization and headed the new study along with robotics expert Poramate Manoonpong from the University of Göttingen. However, the new method is not just suitable for robots such as Amos; basically, it can be applied to any chaotic system where a certain degree of control is required. “Every chaotic system is very susceptible to interference”, Marc Timme explains. Even the smallest external change may trigger a completely different behavior. In Amos’ case, chaos means that his “brain” would produce a chaotic activity pattern with signals flying in all directions.

Given the occasional nudge, a chaotic system will stabilize itself

In order to organise this chaotic pattern, the system requires help. Scientists speak of “chaos control”. The most common methods used begin by trying to calculate the behavior of the system in the near future. The second step is to transform this information into a control signal which is used to correct the development of the system – a gentle nudge to bring it back on track.

However, the Göttingen-based research team has demonstrated that less intervention can be more effective. “The trick is to limit the number of times we push the system towards the required stable state”, says Max Planck researcher Christian Bick. “By giving the system the freedom to develop on its own from time to time, we achieve the desired result faster.” Physicists call this a self-organized process.

“At first glance, this method may seem roundabout”, Bick admits. However, the self-stabilization of the system is actually very efficient and fast. Only occasional external interventions are required to make sure that the path chosen by the system does not deviate from the right track.

The new method can be a thousand times faster

Depending on the system, the new method may easily be 100 or 1000 times faster, and requires significantly fewer interventions. “What’s more, theoretically this would permit stabilization of very complex movement patterns for Amos”, Timme adds. Until now, the more complex the string of movements and thereby the respective activity pattern are, the harder the pattern to stabil Cost effective ize. “Our method implies that Amos can select new gaits which were not feasible before.”

So far, the new method is only a theoretical concept. However, the next step is to try it out on Amos behaving in the real world. Other applications are also plausible, for example, where chaos control is used to stabilize cardiac rhythms or to operate chaotic lasers.

Publication: Christian Bick, et al., “Stalling chaos control accelerates convergence,” 2013, New J. Phys., 15, 063038; doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/6/063038

Image: Poramate Manoonpong and Florentin Wörgötter, University of Göttingen and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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New CERN Research Details Evidenc prestashop themes e of the Direct Decay of the Higgs Boson to Fermions

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A graphic shows particle traces extending from a proton-proton collision at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. The event shows characteristics expected from the decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson to a pair of photons. Further analysis of collisions in 2011 and 2012 has found evidence that the Higgs also decays into fermion particles, according to a new paper in industrial IoT gateway Nature Physics to which Rice University scientists contributed. Courtesy of CERN

New research published in Nature Physics details strong evidence of the direct decay of the Higgs boson to fermions.

If evidence of the Higgs boson revealed two years ago was the smoking gun, particle physicists at Rice University and their colleagues have now found a few of the bullets.

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) published research in Nature Physics this week that details evidence of the direct decay of the Higgs boson to fermions, among the particles anticipated by the Standard Model of physics.

The finding fits what researchers expected to see amid the massive amount of data provided by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The world’s largest collider smashed protons together in hope that the encounter would produce the short-lived Higgs boson, leaving signs of its decay in the traces recorded by experiments designed and built at Rice and elsewhere.

Authors of the paper by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) collaboration include Rice researchers Paul Padley, a professor of physics and astronomy, and Karl Ecklund, an assistant professor of physics and astronomy.

“In July 2012, we knew we had discovered some sort of boson, and it looked a lot like it was a Higgs boson,” Padley said. “To firmly establish it’s the Standard Model Higgs boson, there are a number of checks we have to do. This paper represents one of these fundamental checks.”

The decadeslong search for the Higgs, which physicists believe gives mass to the fundamental particles, has been a primary focus of the $6 billion LHC. The CMS is one of two main experiments at the collider. The other, ATLAS, has also found strong evidence of fermions from decaying Higgs bosons, though that team has yet to publish its results.

The collider is shut down for an upgrade to be completed next year, but the mountain of data from the first run of experiments through 2012 has yielded spectacular results, Padley said. Sifting through the data, he said, is “like doing the analysis at a crime scene, when they look to see which gun fired the bullets. As we find more evidence, it looks more like a Standard Model Higgs boson. This paper is important because it really establishes that it’s decaying to fermions.”

Fermions are even more elemental particles that include quarks and leptons (which include another subparticle, electrons). They exist for only a minute fraction of a second after emerging from the decaying boson, but because they’re moving away from the collision at tremendous speed, they can be tracked.

Capturing their traces takes highly sophisticated equipment, Ecklund said. “I’ve been working on the pixel detector, the innermost part of CMS,” he said. “It’s a bit like a 66-million-pixel video camera that takes 40 million frames a second. We’re basically watching the collisions of the proton beams and looking for all the charged particles that come out.”

Layers of electronic sensors that surround the collider track many kinds of particles, each of which leaves a unique signature that includes its lifetime and path. “We’re able to connect the dots to see these tracks,” Ecklund said. “For the Higgs studies, particularly in the case of the fermions, we’re looking for Higgs-to-bottom quarks and Higgs-to-tau (antitau) pairs. Taus are heavy versions of the electron.”

The Rice researchers are building and testing Vending Computer CMS components for the upgraded LHC, which they expect CERN will boot up next spring for the second run of experiments starting in the summer of 2015. “It’s going to be focused on new things that could appear at higher energies,” Ecklund said. “One definite target will be seeing more Higgs bosons, which should tell us a lot more about their properties.

“The main excitement is going to be that because the energy is higher, we could produce the Higgs in association with other particles,” he said. Of particular interest will be evidence of heavy top quarks and how they relate to the Higgs. “They should actually have the strongest coupling to the Higgs because the top quark and the Higgs combined make a fairly heavy thing to produce.”

Ecklund said the upgraded LHC should provide the necessary energy to produce many more top quarks and Higgs bosons. “We’re interested in understanding how the top quark fits into the Standard Model and whether, since it’s so heavy, it could have a special role in relating to the Higgs. Maybe there are hints of new physics that aren’t in the Standard Model,” he said. “We know the standard model is incomplete.”

“The discovery of the Higgs boson was a beginning, not the end,” Padley said. “The first step is to measure with great precision the properties of the Higgs boson we’ve discovered, and then use it as a tool for further discovery.

“We’re trying to probe questions about the universe and dark matter. In fact, there was a big study of the priorities in particle physics, and the No. 1 priority for the entire field is to study the properties of this boson and use it as a tool for discovery. This represents a step down that path.”

Publication: The CMS Collaboration, “Evidence for the direct decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson to fermions,” Nature Physics, 2014; doi:10.1038/nphys3005

PDF Copy of the S ethernet switch tudy: Evidence for the direct decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson to fermions

Image: CERN

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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N wireless communication ew Research Will Test Our Understanding of How the Universe Works

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Credit: Julian and Jon Berengut

In a new study, researchers led by the University of Leicester will “test our understanding of how the Universe works, particularly outside the relatively narrow confines of our planet.”

The research probes whether the fundamental laws of physics are the same everywhere in the universe. In their new study, the Leicester-led team assesses whether these laws are the same within the hot, dense conditions in the atmosphere of a dying white dwarf star as here on Earth.

These stars have masses around half that of the Sun compressed into a radius similar to that of the Earth, leading to extreme gravity within the atmosphere of the star.

The preliminary analysis, led by the research group of Professor Martin Barstow, Pro-Vice-Chancellor; Strategic Science Projects Director, Leicester Institute of Space & Earth Observation; Professor of Astrophysics & Space Science, Department of Physics & Astronomy, features on the cover of the online journal Universe.

Postdoctoral researcher Matthew Bainbridge is the lead author of the early-stage study entitled “Probing the Gravitational Dependence of the Fine-Structure C vending retrofit onstant from Observations of White Dwarf Stars.”

The study involved Matthew Bainbridge, Martin Barstow and Nicole Reindl from Leicester along with colleagues from the US, France, The Netherlands, Australia and collaborators in the UK.

The researchers use the light of white dwarf stars observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. Dr Nicole Reindl, leading the observations, says: “These particular stars contain metals, such as Iron and Nickel, floating within the surface layers of their atmospheres. The light generated within the depths of the star passes through the heavy metals, leaving behind a “fingerprint” in the stars’ light that we can study.”

Tiny differences in the wavelengths of the light that passes through these heavy metals, compared to experiments here on Earth, gives us clues about potential differences in the fundamental laws of physics under extreme gravity compared to here on Earth.

“Studying these fingerprints in detail requires very precise measurements of the wavelength, or color, of the light emerging from the atmospheres of these stars” says Dr Matthew Bainbridge, who has been working on the detailed analysis techniques needed to detect the tiny changes expected. “The project is ongoing, but we have established a sophisticated new method and have demonstrated how successful it is on nine stars.”

This is a unique study that brings together our expertise and that of world leaders in a variety of fields including observational astronomy, cosmology, experimental atomic physics and high energy theoretical physics. Cosmology studies the origin and evolution of the universe and, since the birth of science, has inspired fundamental shifts in our understanding of our place in the Universe.

Project leader Professor Martin Barstow adds: “This new work will test ou wastewater treatment r understanding of how the Universe works, particularly outside the relatively narrow confines of our planet. We anticipate that our results will challenge current theoretical ideas in cosmology.”

This work was funded by a Leverhulme Trust Research Grant.

Publication: Matthew B. Bainbridge, et al., “ manufacturing Probing the Gravitational Dependence of the Fine-Structure Constant from Observations of White Dwarf Stars,” Universe 2017, 3(2), 32; doi:10.3390/universe3020032

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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International Space Station Investigates Thunderstorms industrial ethernet router in Earth’s Upper Atmosphere

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Thunderstorm seen from the space station. Credits: DTU Space, ESA, NASA

Thunderstorms in Earth’s upper atmosphere remain something of a mystery. Scientists cannot reach them directly with instruments; they are too high for balloons and too low for weathersatellites. Flying through thunderstorms or camping out on mountaintops waiting for one typically ranks low even on an adventurers’ bucket list.

An investigation aboard theInternational Space Stationhas come to the rescue. The European Space Agency (ESA) Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) is a collection of optical cameras, photometers and a large X- anpower line sensord gamma-ray detector mounted on the outside of ESA’s Columbus Module on the station. For at least two years, it will observe thunderstorm-generated electrical discharges in the upper atmosphere – the stratosphere and mesosphere – up to the ionosphere, the edge of space. This Earth observation facility enables study of severe thunderstorms and their role in the Earth’s atmosphere and climate.

Upper-atmospheric lightning, known as transient luminous events, includes colorful phenomena with names straight out of a fairy tale: sprites, elves, and giants.

The space station offers this investigation an ideal observing platform for several reasons. Its low-Earth Transformer Monitoring orbit brings the observations as close as possible to these upper-atmosphere phenomena. The station’s orbit also offers almost complete coverage of tropical and subtropical regions, much of which are difficult to access but are where some of the most intense thunderstorms form. Finally, observations are made in optical bands that are subject to absorption in the atmosphere and so cannot be used for ground observations.

Sprites are flashes caused by electrical breakdown in the mesosphere. Blue jets are lightning discharges reaching upwards through the stratosphere, and elves are concentric rings of emissions caused by an electromagnetic pulse at the ionosphere’s bottom edge. Giants are large discharges that create an electrical breakdown of the atmosphere from the top of thunderstorms to the bottom ionosphere. Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes are a flash phenomenon generated at the top of thunderstorms. Evidence suggests that run-away electron discharge causes some of these phenomena.

In the 1920s, English scientist C.T.R. Wilson received a Nobel Prize for work with a cloud chamber that made visible the ionizing radiation from cosmic rays and X-rays. He predicted that electrical discharges can occur above thunderstorms in the mesosphere, and that thunderstorm electrical fields can accelerate electrons to relativistic energies. Instruments were not sensitive enough to provide a definitive answer until 1993, however, when flashes of X-rays over thunderstorms were observed from NASA’sCompton Gamma Ray Observatory.

Upper atmospheric phenomena powered by thunderstorms, including terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes and Transient Luminous Emissions (TLEs), electrical discharges that include blue glimpses at the top of thunderstorms, blue jet, gigantic jet, red sprite, haloes, and elves. Credits: DTU Space, TGF: NASA

In 1990, the first observation of a overhead Line sensor sprite was documented, and since then ground and aircraft observations discovered a multitude of discharges above thunderstorms, and spacecraft in low orbit observed X- and gamma-ray radiation.

ASIM represents a comprehensive global survey of these super-high altitude, difficult-to-observe-from-the-ground events to help determine their physics and how they relate to lightning. The investigation also studies high-altitude cloud formation and determines what characteristics make thunderstorms effective in disturbing the high-altitude atmosphere. The research improves understanding of the effect of thunderstorms on Earth’s atmosphere and contributes to better atmospheric models and meteorological and climatological predictions.

“High-altitude observation allows us to study these events without the obscuring clouds,” said principal investigator Torsten Neubert of the National Space institute of the Technical University of Denmark. “With ASIM we will better understand the complex processes of upper-atmospheric lightning, which are also elements of ordinary lightning, although they take on different forms. This understanding can improve technology for detecting ordinary lightning.”

The investigation also helps clarify the effect of thunderstorms on the atmosphere, ionosphere and radiation belts, and will monitor the influx of meteors in Earth’s environment and their effect on its atmosphere. Blue jets at the top of thunderstorm clouds, for example, change the concentration of greenhouse gases, another way thunderstorms can affect the stratosphere.

The types of discharges and their structure help scientists better understand the structure of the atmosphere where they occur and of the thunderstorm battery that powers them.

“We will learn more about thunderstorm clouds and more of the fine-structure of the stratosphere and mesosphere, of which little is known,” Neubert said. Based on video taken by ESA astronaut Andreas Mogensen from the space station in 2015, scientistsalready learnedmore about what types of cloud create such activity, and that lightning comes from clouds at an altitude of about 10.5 miles (17 km). “These are solid scientific results documenting for the first time how active the tops of thunderclouds can be,” he added.

ASIM observations also improve understanding of the effect of dust storms, urban pollutants, forest fires, and volcanoes on cloud formation and electrification, and the relation of eye-wall lightning activity to intensification of thunderstorms. That could help us all live more happily ever after.

For more information about current investigations happening aboard the space station, follow @ISS_Research. For opportunities to see the space station pass over your town, check outSpot the Station.

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

Text

Antimagnet C cost-effective industrial LTE router loak Hides Objects from Static Magnetic Fields

www.inhandnetworks.com

Researchers in the journal Science have reported that they can now create a cloak that hides objects from static magnetic fields. There are a multitude of different applications, but some might subvert airport security.

The team was led by Alvaro Sanchez at the Autonomous University of Barcelona in Spain, working together with experimental scientists at the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, and they’re describing a magnetic cloak that could be made inexpensively with readily available materials.

The interior of the cloak is lined with turns of tape made from a high-temperature superconductor, which can repel magnetic fields. Any magnetic fields enclosed within a superconductor would be undetectable from the outside. However, the superconductor itself can still perturb a magnetic field. To counter this, researchers coated the external side with a ferromagnet.

The two layers now cancel each other out. The antimagnet was tested by using liquid nitrogen to activate the superconductor. It was placed inside a uniform magnetic field, with a strength of 40 millitesla. A Hall probe was used to map the magnetic field and researchers discovered that the field lines m2m cellular routerdid not enter the cloak itself. The exactness of this cloak which could be made perfect, using currently available materials.

A superconductor can cloak a magnet's field, but its own magnetic effects must be offset by a ferromagnetic coating for it to avoid detection

This cloak is simpler than previous invisibility cloaks, since its permeability is isotropic instead of anisotropic, meaning that it has the same value in all directions. The resulting cloak is less than perfect, but it convincingly demonstrated the raw concept and that it can further be improved using existing materials.

The overall cost of this cloak was about €1,000 (US $1,000), which is a small amount when industrial LTE router it comes to this kind of research. The technology could be used to hide metallic weapons from security portals. However, X-ray machines and sniffer dogs wou m2m iot ld probably not be defeated by this kind of cloak.

[via Nature]

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inhandnetworks-blog · 6 years ago

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3 Remote Machine Monitoring & Maintenance System -D Printing of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Cultures

www.inhandnetworks.com

Printed human organs for testing and transplantation.

Researchers from Heriot-Watt University, in partnership with Roslin Cellab, have developed a 3D printing process that is the first to print embryonic cell cultures, allowing them to create more accurate human tissue models that are essential to in vitro drug development and toxicity-testing.

A specialized 3D printing process, using human stem cells, could pave the way to purpose-built replacement organs for patients, eliminating the need for organ donation, immune suppression and the problem of transplant rejection.

The process, developed at Heriot-Watt University, in partnership with Roslin Cellab, takes advantage of the fact that stem cells can now Industrial 3G Router be grown in laboratory conditions from established cell lines, could also speed up and improve the process of drug testing by growing three-dimensional human tissues and structures for pharmaceuticals to be tested on.

New valve-based technique

A range of human stem cell cultures can now be grown, generation after generation, in laboratory conditions. Those cultures developed from cells from areas like bone marrow or skin are hardier but less flexible than those developed from embryonic material. While 3D printing of the tougher cell cultures has been achieved before, the new valve-based technique developed by Dr Will Shu and his colleagues at Heriot-Watt’s Biomedical Microengineering group are the first to print the more delicate embryonic cell cultures, which have an ability to replicate indefinitely and differentiate into almost any cell type in the human body.

Dr Shu said, “To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these cells have been 3D printed. The technique will allow us to create more accurate human tissue models which are essential to in vitro drug development and toxicity-testing. Since the majority of drug discovery is targeting human disease, it makes sense to use human tissues.

“In the longer term, we envisage the technology being further d cellular router eveloped to create viable 3D organs for medical implantation from a patient’s own cells, eliminating the need for organ donation, immune suppression and the problem of transplant rejection.”

Dr Shu’s team are working with Roslin Cellab, a leading stem cell technology company. The company has a good track record of applying new technologies to hum VPN industrial router for commercial and industrial and M2M/IoT applications an stem cell systems and will take the lead in developing 3D stem cell printing for commercial uses. Initially this will be in the areas of novel drug-testing products but in the longer term there is the goal of growing purpose-built replacement organs.

Valuable long-term implications

Jason King, business development manager of Roslin Cellab, said, “This world-first printing of human embryonic stem cell cultures is a continuation of our productive partnership with Heriot-Watt. Normally laboratory grown cells grow in 2D but some cell types have been printed in 3D. However, up to now, human stem cell cultures have been too sensitive to manipulate in this way.

“This is a scientific development which we hope and believe will have immensely valuable long-term implications for reliable, animal-free drug-testing and, in the longer term to provide organs for transplant on demand, without the need for donation and without the problems of immune suppression and potential organ rejection.”

Publication: Alan Faulkner-Jones, et al., “Development of a valve-based cell printer for the formation of human embryonic stem cell spheroid aggregates,” Biofabrication, 2013; 5 (1): 015013 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/1/015013

Image: Heriot-Watt University

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