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Railway Station Time Clock: A Timeless Icon of Precision and Reliability

In the bustling hubs of transportation, where thousands of journeys begin and end daily, the railway station time clock stands as a beacon of precision, organization, and nostalgia. Whether it is a massive clock adorning the main terminal or smaller timepieces strategically placed across the station, these clocks are much more than mere tools to track time—they are symbols of reliability and community.

The Historical Significance of Railway Station Time Clocks

The inception of railway station time clocks can be traced back to the 19th century, during the rapid expansion of railways across the globe. Before this period, local towns followed their own time, set according to the position of the sun. With the advent of rail travel, however, a standardized system was necessary to avoid collisions and ensure trains ran on time.

The Great Western Railway in the UK introduced "railway time" in the mid-19th century, which led to the installation of synchronized clocks at stations. These clocks became vital for both passengers and railway operators, ensuring punctuality in an era when accuracy was paramount for safety and efficiency.

The Design and Engineering of Station Clocks

One of the striking features of railway station time clocks is their iconic design. Large, legible faces and bold numerals ensure that even passengers in a hurry can check the time effortlessly. Traditional designs often include Roman numerals and ornate detailing, reflecting the architectural styles of the era in which they were built.

In addition to their aesthetic appeal, these clocks are engineered for precision. Early station clocks relied on mechanical movements, often linked to a central master clock. Over time, technology evolved to include quartz movements and, more recently, GPS-synchronized systems, ensuring that modern railway station clocks are accurate to the second.

The Role of Time Clocks in Modern Rail Travel

In today’s fast-paced world, the railway station time clock continues to serve critical functions:

1.       Ensuring Punctuality: These clocks help passengers keep track of departure and arrival times, reducing the stress of missing a train.

2.       Synchronization: By standardizing time across the station, clocks ensure that staff and operations run smoothly. This synchronization is vital for efficient train scheduling and coordination.

3.       Wayfinding: A centrally located time clock often becomes a landmark within the station, helping passengers navigate complex layouts.

4.       Aesthetic Appeal: Many railway stations feature iconic timepieces that enhance their architectural beauty, making them memorable landmarks for travelers.

Famous Railway Station Clocks Around the World

Some railway station time clocks have transcended their functional purpose to become cultural icons:

•        London's Big Ben of Railways (St. Pancras Station): The massive clock at St. Pancras is a quintessential example of Victorian engineering and remains a beloved symbol of London's transport history.

•        Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus: This UNESCO World Heritage Site features a grand clock at its façade, blending Gothic and Indian architectural elements.

•          New York’s Grand Central Terminal Clock: Situated atop the information booth, this four-faced opal clock is not just a timepiece but a piece of art worth millions.

Challenges and Modern Innovations

While traditional station clocks evoke nostalgia, maintaining them poses unique challenges. Older mechanical clocks require regular maintenance, and exposure to weather conditions can accelerate wear and tear.

Modern innovations, however, have addressed these issues. GPS technology allows clocks to remain synchronized with atomic time, ensuring unmatched accuracy. Digital displays are now commonly integrated into station designs, offering real-time updates on train schedules in addition to the current time.

The Railway Station Time Clock as a Cultural Symbol

Beyond functionality, the railway station time clock symbolizes human connection and shared experiences. It witnesses joyful reunions, tearful goodbyes, and the everyday rhythm of countless journeys. Its steady ticking offers a sense of continuity in an ever-changing world, anchoring us to the present even as we rush towards our destinations.

Conclusion

The railway station time clock is more than a tool; it is a timeless icon of precision, reliability, and beauty. From its historical role in standardizing time to its enduring presence in modern transport hubs, this humble yet essential fixture continues to serve as a cornerstone of railway travel.

As technology advances, the railway station time clock evolves, blending tradition with innovation to meet the needs of modern travelers. Whether you're catching a train or simply passing by, take a moment to glance at the clock—it’s a reminder of how far we’ve come and how every second counts in the journey of life.

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38 Inch, 250 Kg Black Granite Tulsi Vrindavan Or Tulasi Kota For Home And Garden

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Ceramics Pots for Sale

We stand as your local destination for premium ceramic items and pottery. Conveniently located, we pride ourselves on being your go-to pottery store for all things ceramic. Whether you're in search of ceramic pots near you or exploring ceramic items in your vicinity, our store is well-equipped to meet your needs. From exquisite ceramic pots for your tulsi plant to a wide range of ceramic items for indoor and outdoor use, we have it all. Open you browser and simply type ceramic manufacturers near me, ceramic items near me, pottery stores near me, ceramic pots near me & ceramic pots online - China Ceramics for Sale.

We are going to inform you everything about how to choose one of the best indoor plant pots. The proper pot is the one that's specifically perfect for the plant you have. You need to consider the form, the scale, and the features of the plant pots to make certain that you get the one that's right for it However, nonetheless as a end result of great convenience & flexibility of online buying, lots of the retailers favor to buy on-line. We are one of the prominent ceramic pot manufacturers, ceramic planters manufacturers & ceramic pots and planters manufacturers. Experience the perfect blend of quality, affordability, and style - Indoor China Pottery.

Ceramic planters are colorful planters that come along with a wooden base. The planters are just a mini version of the generic geometric-shaped planters. They can be used to plant tiny flowers or succulents, and are also apt for being used as decor elements in a balcony, console table, or mantelpiece. Plants do not come along with the planters. With a focus on quality craftsmanship and attention to detail, our ceramic pots are designed to enhance the beauty of your plants while adding a touch of elegance to any space. We understand the importance of variety and affordability, which is why we offer competitive prices on all our products. Whether you're a retailer looking to stock up on wholesale ceramic pots or a gardening enthusiast in need of a few large ceramic planters, you'll find exactly what you need in our online store. For more information, please visit our site https://floraldecorimports.com/

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Excited to share the latest addition to my #etsy shop: TerraVitaIndia White Marble Tulsi Planter for Home Décor | Elegant Marble Tulsi Pot for Rooftop, Balcony, or Porch ( Green Katni ) https://etsy.me/3uzEhXM #tulsiplanter #whitetulsiplanter #uniquetulsiplanter #omtulsiplanter #poojaplantertulsi #hinduplant #plantforpooja #plantforpuja #spiritualplant

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RD India FRP Industrial Products: A Reliable Choice for Superior Quality and Performance

When it comes to industrial products, quality, durability, and performance are of utmost importance. RD India FRP Industrial Products Manufacturer is a name you can trust. With a strong commitment to excellence and a track record of delivering top-notch solutions, RD India has emerged as a leading manufacturer in the industry. Let's delve deeper into what sets RD India apart and why they are the preferred choice for FRP industrial products. 

Versatile Product Range:

RD India offers a versatile range of FRP industrial products to cater to diverse requirements. We are considered as one of the best and renowned manufacturers of: 

FRP Slide

FRP Small Pots

FRP Tank

FRP Bio Digester Tank

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FRP Tent House Decorative Items

Polyresin Items

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FRP Automobile Products

FRP Canopy

FRP Cartoon Character

FRP Coating

FRP Concrete Mold

FRP Door

FRP Dustbin

FRP E- Rickshaw Roof

FRP Hospital Items

FRP Park Items

FRP Planters

FRP Portable Toilet

FRP Rainwater Gutter

FRP Sitting Items

FRP Chair

FRP Red Tulsi Planter

FRP Park Dustbin

FRP Duo Dustbin

FRP Trio Dustbin

FRP Tulsi Planter

1000 Ltr Bio Digester Tank

FRP Hanging Dustbin

FRP Septic Tank

FRP step tool

We have a comprehensive portfolio of products that can withstand harsh conditions, chemicals, and extreme temperatures. The ability to customize our products further enhances our suitability for specific applications.

Unparalleled Expertise:

RD India boasts a team of highly skilled professionals with years of experience in the field of FRP manufacturing. Our expertise extends across various industries, enabling them to understand and address the unique challenges faced by different sectors. RD India has the knowledge and technical know-how to provide tailored FRP solutions.

Superior Quality Materials:

At RD India, quality is non-negotiable. They source the finest quality FRP materials to ensure their industrial products exhibit exceptional strength, durability, and resistance to environmental factors. The use of high-grade materials, combined with advanced manufacturing processes, results in FRP products that exceed industry standards and offer unmatched performance in demanding industrial environments.

RD India takes pride in its state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities equipped with cutting-edge machinery and technologies. These facilities enable streamlined production processes, efficient quality control, and timely delivery of products. The combination of a skilled workforce and advanced infrastructure allows 

Commitment to Customer Satisfaction:

One of the key factors behind RD India's success is our unwavering commitment to customer satisfaction. They prioritize understanding our client's unique requirements and work closely with them to develop tailored FRP solutions. From initial consultation to product delivery and after-sales support, RD India ensures a seamless and personalized experience for every customer.

Environmentally Friendly Approach

RD India recognizes the importance of environmental sustainability and incorporates eco-friendly practices in our manufacturing processes. FRP products inherently possess properties that make them lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and recyclable, thereby reducing environmental impact. By choosing RD India's FRP industrial products, clients contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.

Conclusion:

When it comes to FRP industrial products, RD India stands out as a reliable manufacturer that prioritizes quality, performance, and customer satisfaction. We offer expertise, commitment to excellence, and a diverse product range making them the go-to choice for industries seeking superior FRP solutions. By choosing RD India, you can be confident in the durability, reliability, and long-lasting performance of our reliable FRP industrial products.

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How Should You Start Growing Your Kitchen Garden?

The kitchen garden helps us to solve our food problems & an expensive way to grow inexpensive, regular & handy delivery fresh vegetables, which are basic to nutrition. Most of the farmers are using chemicals to grow the vegetables because of that reason, we are facing health issues & uninvited diseases. No denying fact that the toxic content in vegetables is degrading health in various ways & growing 100% organic, fresh & healthy vegetables in your kitchen garden with the help of Best Nursery for Vegetables Near me is the only solution. Consider the help of Green Home Nursery Mohali for buying vegetables plants & seeds at a pocket-friendly price.

How to Grow Desired Vegetables in Your Space?

Here are some tips to start your kitchen gardening:

•Consider the Right Space

To start kitchen gardening, first, consider the right space which can be either your balcony or terrace where you should ensure that there is proper sunlight & rain or not. As per the size, you can manage the space by planting a kitchen garden in pots like hanging pots, wall planters, bookshelf planters, cans, buckets, drums & mud pots, etc. 

•Harvest Your Desired Vegetable

The next step is to buy your desired vegetable seeds from the Best Nursery for Vegetable Plants in Mohali like Green Home Nursery. You may choose to grow like bitter gourd, brinjal, spinach, tomato, cucumber, pumpkin, lemon, & wheatgrass, etc. & if you are confused about what to grow then feel free to take the suggestions from our gardening experts.

•Prepare the Soil & Make a Good Composite

Of course, the soil is an essential component of gardening that should be compatible with almost every veggie but not sandy or compacted. After choosing the right soil, move to make a good organic composite made of cow dung, cow urine, kitchen waste & vermicompost.

•Don't Wait to Sow Vegetable Seeds

After following the above steps, it's time to sow vegetable seeds by grouping the plants such as vegetables & herbs in beds. Consequently, the process of grouping leads to a reduction in wedding & wastage of water & helps you target compost & nutrients.  

•Ensure Adequate Watering

There is no doubt that the most important task after planting or sowing the desired plants is watering them adequately. The best time for watering the plants is in the morning hours as sunlight is not harsh & the temperature is less. Avoid watering them in the late evening or at night; otherwise, they are more likely to be attacked by pests and insects due to logged water.

Take Expert Kitchen Gardening Assistance from Green Home Nursery

It's the high-time that you should consider kitchen gardening & taking assistance from gardening experts like Green Home Nursery that is also affordable. Green Home Nursery Mohali is the Best Nursery for Vegetable Plants, known for offering a range of vegetable seeds, plants, flowers, Tulsi stand, ceramic pots, & landscaping services, etc. 

Kitchen gardening is an affordable investment for your healthy living as all the vegetables are grown organically & available within your house. Apart from this, gardening will also improve your mental & physical health, giving you fresh air & abundant joy.

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Wooden Planters and Potted Plants

It is difficult to beat the normal excellence of wooden planters and potted plants, whether it's on a little gallery or far reaching deck. An all around picked grower in enduring oak, teak or sturdy cedar will improve any nursery regardless of how contemporary or modern.

The Manager of ‘DoItWithPlants’, says “Gone are the times of having just oak half-barrels or unpleasant cedar boxes to browse. Painted wood planters can be an incredible method for supplementing the outside of your home and make a bound together nursery plan”.

Stay away from stains and sealers on your grower as these are typically poisonous to plants. Plastic liners can broaden the existence of your wooden grower and grower boxes, or use them as 'store pots' to hold pruned plants and they will endure longer. One more large benefit of wooden grower is that you can consolidate highlights like lattices and seats for an appealing and utilitarian unit.

To keep up with your wooden planter you ought to treat them with non-harmful color and line within your grower with dark plastic with openings in the base for seepage. Stone tulsi planters stone lanterns are accessible in an assortment of woods and tones: cedar, redwood, teak, cypress and they give extraordinary adaptability to joining with other nursery parts like seating, lattices or capacity. Cedar grower might be utilized without painting or staining as they are impervious to spoil.

One of the upsides of wooden grower is their protecting properties. They protect plant roots from the fieriness of the midyear sun as well as help to shield them from the colder time of year ice. As far as weight and porosity they fall among plastic and earth and to broaden their life expectancy it is ideal to line them or set previously pruned plants inside.

Wood is the decision for the people who like grower with a characteristic proclivity with nature and are keen on items from sustainable sources. In any case, assuming you picked a grower that is produced using more affordable woods instead of, say oak or cedar for instance, more standard support will be required. You can also choose air purifying plants for your planters.

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Elegant Oval Shape Coffee Table – A Blend of Style and Functionality

Transform your living space with our oval shape coffee table, designed to blend sophistication and practicality seamlessly. The sleek, oval design ensures a modern aesthetic, while its smooth edges promote safety, making it ideal for families. Crafted from premium-quality materials, this coffee table boasts durability and elegance, perfect for complementing various interior styles, from contemporary to classic. Its spacious surface provides ample room for serving drinks, displaying décor, or organizing books and magazines.

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Plant pots India

You want to buy planters? Yuccabe Italia provides beautiful and unique planters. We have different variety of plant pots India. We have huge collection of latest deigned pots, hanging planters, cluster, tulsi planters many more. Tulsi planters make elegant our open balconies. Plants are very important for our life. Plants provide us fresh and cool air. Plants make our mind fresh and provide us a peaceful environment.

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Village Decor Handmade #Terracotta Clay Gardening/Brindavan Tulasi Material - Terracotta, Art Form Type - Pottery. Pack of : 1 Tulsi Planter Pot. Heavy Pot - 5 Kg.

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Exports of Marble Temples - Customized Marble Temples

Exports of Marble Temples - Customized Marble Temples, Tulsi Pot Planter, White Marble Temples and Marble Temple offered by MALVIA Exports. We carve, manufacture and supply marble temples. For order please contact here 7665444413 www.jaipurart.in/marble-temples.html…

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Tea, ‘the second most commonly drunk beverage after water’ Ellis, is now being cultivated in more than 61 countries (2018), and consumed by not less than 54 nations (2016). There have been so many varieties of tea, prepared and consumed in so many different ways, all tuned in their respective ecological as well as sociological settings. Britain had no tea of its own, India had. Yet it was the British who grew a tea culture of its own since the time of King Charles II, more accommodative than the ceremonial tea of the Chinese and Japanese traditions, which later globally accepted as a standard.

Camellia Sinensis Categories Courtesy:@Leaves of Tea Ring

While the tea culture varies, the tea as such is one and the same everywhere – basically a wild shrub called camellia sinensis. The ancient wisdom of tea processing has been modernized in colonial India. The manufacturing process transforms the tea into six types – black, oolong, green, yellow, white, and pu-erh each having distinctive characteristics requiring special ways of preparing, serving and taking for enjoying the drink most satisfyingly. In the beginning tea was prepared with spices and herbs, and consumed as medicine. The remedial value apart, herbal tea is always a popular beverage in countryside because of its strong aroma and heady taste. Nonetheless, herbal tea is a misnomer as it is made of alternative combinations of herbs and spices, milk and butter, sugars and salts and optionally tea leaves. Gandhian ‘Tea Recipe’, for example, lists no tea at all. Sanyal The recent herbal teas sound like new versions of Gandhian tea now being marketed as Tulsi tea, Adrak tea, Malai tea, Rhododendron tea, and the like. The Kahwa tea, is however different being the soul-warming drink of the Kashmiris and a part of their culture. All these refreshment drinks of dissimilar taste and flavour meant for people of different mind-sets than those who enjoyed tea the way Tagore’s Gora did, or a Nazrul did in Favourite Café.

    Poetic Tea. Lu Yu’s book, the Ch’a Ching, tea ceremony

The branded tea of the modern society is rooted in ancient culture. Kakuzō Okakura found a subtle charm in the taste of tea which makes it irresistible and capable of idealization. It has no arrogance of wine, the self-consciousness of coffee, nor the simpering innocence of cocoa. Okakura The first book on tea, Ch’a Ching, that the gifted poet and tea-expert, Lu Yü (733-804), penned with precise details on tea’s origins, cultivation, processing, and preparation. A thousand year later the British drew upon the classic when they started producing tea themselves. Koehler  It is important to note that the British accepted the practical and spiritual aspects of tea making believing that the magic of making tea comes, when the leaves begin to develop their unique flavours and aromas, almost mystically transforming into something far richer.

Darjeeling Himalayan Railway 1881. Photocredit:Carsten Bockermann

As the process has been simplified from Lu Yu’s instructions formulated thirteen centuries ago, machines instead of hands do the rolling now. Fermented tea is essentially baked rather than pan-cooked—it sticks to ancient principles. In Darjeeling, tea makers remain ‘stridently, adamantly orthodox’ in their processing. Orthodox tea contains just a handful of steps to turn  green leaves into finished Darjeeling black tea before the tea gets sorted, graded, and packed. Koehler From the beginning to end, tea, except low-grade commercial tea/ tea-bags, is dealt with human touch, even when the process is mechanized. Tea is not industrialized, but grabbed the full advantage of industrialization for worldwide distribution and marketing of finished products from the remote gardens whence the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway opened in 1881, cutting travel time and transport costs significantly. Darjeeling tea found its final footing within five years as reflected in 1885 statistics of sales reaching 9 million pounds. Bengal

II

Like most of the colonial things – bungalows, furniture, utensils, dresses or dishes, Indian teas are Indian by origin – pure or crossbred, which the Britishers shaped their way to lead a comfortable and decent life. As we know, Britain never grew tea until 2005, but grew a tea culture over two centuries ago that they enriched a great deal in colonial India, apparently with newly acquired intelligence of Chinese and Japanese tea traditions. The British tea culture follows the ancient norm that ‘tea drinking should be treated with reverence and be accompanied by beauty but also restraint’, moderation is the very essence of tea. Ukers It demands a tad of sophistication nurtured in modern societies. One needs to acquire a taste for the cup of tea that a British queen and a Chinese sage may savour spiritually rather than palatably. When today’s tea culture is overwhelmingly British in character, it is already popular in most of the tea loving nations, including United States. Sirkin Tea grew naturally in Indian soil, while tea culture grew in Indian mind through a long process of social interactions under influences of political and economic events. To my perception, the politics and economics had played a significant part in bringing in the ‘tea habit’, contrary to ‘tea culture’. Taking tea is discouraged by Swadeshi followers on the plea that tea is ‘injurious to heath’ and a ‘foreign’ drink. Gandhian political agenda against tea was directed to ‘tea habit’.

Gandhiji and other leaders during the Swadeshi Movement

Gandhi, once himself a tea lover, recommended his atypical ‘Tea Recipe’ for the mass that had no tea leaves in it to risk habit formation. Sanyal  It seems to be his Swadeshi fervor that made a scientist like Acharya P.C. Ray to declare tea a poisonous drink ignoring factual findings. In response, the Tea Board did publish a statement of Dr. Meghnad Saha in favour of tea, to counter Swadeshi deterrent. There had been also a section of Brahmos and their sympathizers who boycotted tea in protest of British planters’ inflicting torture on the coolies found and reported first by Ramkumar Vidyaratna and Dwarkanath Ganguly, two volunteers of Sadharan Brahmosamaj Banerjee. The political aversion to tea was an issue reflected in Naukadubi of Rabindranath, Parinita of Saratchandra, and possibly many more contemporary stories. Interestingly, both the writers and most of their contemporaries and immediate successors happened to be tea devotees. So was Swami Vivekananda.Vivekananda The kind of tea they enjoyed was generally the British black tea, with milk/ sugar, or none just like the one Abdul Rahman served to Syed Mujtaba Ali in 1930’s Kabul (vide Deshe-Bideshe).

When people drink tea, they are expected to acquire certain manners and behave in a particular way, in terms of which a tea culture is defined. Tea etiquette, styles of tea-ware, ambience of tearooms – all contribute to a tea culture distinguished from all others. Close interactions between any two cultures enrich both. We have understood this better in this era of rapid globalization, which is also an era of collaborative entrepreneurship. The manufacturing of Chinese tea-pots in British fashions is a case in hand. The Chinese, so far we know, brewed tea directly in the cup instead of using a teapot, which they never had. The traditional Chinese teacups had a lid but no handles, presumably because they liked to feel the warmth of the tea while holding the cup. If it’s too hot to hold, it’s too hot to drink. Fixing handle, or ear, to a cup is an idea implemented by the British. The design of teapot we use today is basically European. The first teapots created in Europe were of a heavy cast with short, straight, replaceable spouts. “At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the East India Company recognized the growing demand for such items as teapots and began importation in larger numbers. The company commissioned china directly from Chinese artists and craftsmen, using patterns sent from England and geared to European tastes, stereotypes, and market values”. Designs fell into four main areas (1) mock-ups of Oriental designs, (2) designs adapted from European prints, (3) coat of arms for major European families,(4) and the innovative teapots -such as those with the now standard internal spout drain. The Company directors were especially concerned that teapots not drip and so stain the valuable linen that they also marketed. Anonymous]

Kyūsu back hand(le) teapot), Taishō era ca. 1921-1925

e and white ceramic tea-set of China

Uwade kyūsu top hand(le) teapot

Kyūsu – a common Japanese teapot, often with its handle on the pot’s side and spout crafted with an angle

Gaiwan or zhong is a Chinese lidded bowl without handle used for the infusion of tea leaves and the consumption of tea. Ming dynasty. It consists of a bowl, a lid, and a saucer. Courtesy: Sözdizimi Kullanıcı deneyimi

Not only teapots but the entire range of tea-ware was fashioned by the British, often with Indian motifs and materials, and increasingly by Indian artisans in spite of their being obliged to do work by hand, while the Europeans both accelerated and perfected by means of machinery. Williamson  The tea-set, including cups and saucers, tea-spoons and tea-strainers, milk-jug and sugar-pot, teapot, tea cozies, tea-mats, sets the mood of a tea drinker before s/he takes tea. Tea-drinkers ‘take tea’ in a special way, which, I fear cannot be described aptly by any English verbs that we know. Surely, it is not that we ‘drink’ tea as we do drink milk or water, or even coffee. We do not sip tea like sherbet either, but do it by faint smacking of our lips inaudibly on the brim of the tea cup and relish slowly the enigmatic taste and aroma of the golden liquid afloat inside.Tea retains a strong association with nature. A good tearoom must be having a like ambience with windows to allow natural light, and flowers around.

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Newspaper Reading. Courtesy: @Sholoana Bangaliana

Flury’s 2008. Courtesy: Flury’s

Tearoom at Tea-Pot, Fort Kochi

Tearoom is quite different from a coffee shop, which often tend to be set up more like a bar, offering quick coffee drinks that can be drunk while standing or while seated on a bar stool or similar chair unsuited for long sitting.Goodwin Tearoom needs everything there should be styled to allow sitting for hours long as tea incites endless parleying – being an acknowledged stimulant for adda, or rap sessions without agenda. Tea and adda are inseparable components of tea culture.

TeaTable @Purwaaii. – Friends Caffe. Courtesy: Kolkata on Wheel. – Adda. Courtesy: @Scoopwhoop. – India Coffee House, Albert Hall

The word ‘adda’, found in Sanskrit and Pali literature was used in various senses by ancient writers, like Bharata and Chanyakya. Das As it was broadly indicated, adda once meant a place of assemblage for a purpose, like the ‘Buddhist adda’ once found in old Dhurrumtollah Street. The modern usage of the word broadens its import. As Collins Word online suggests, ‘It is a form of intellectual exchange among members. They talk about almost everything in jovial mood’. In context of tearoom, adda simply means chatting or free discussions with no agenda, participated by regulars and casuals as often as they like. It is a process of exchanging minds on any subjects imaginable. It is a common privilege of the tea-room goers to take part in adda but not without submitting to the unspoken norms of tea-culture prevailing there. While the tea-room-adda is a global trend, its pattern of behavior differs widely depending on the given living standards and traditions.

Japanese takes no sugar in tea, and their teahouse never serves sugar determinedly, but obliges customers cordially if they want it for sweetening an English tea instead. The English, while taking tea, detests letting out audibly a ‘ssss’ sound of breath through the mouth past the tongue. Appreciation of sound depends on one’s culture. It needs a cultured refinement to appreciate a pianissimo in western or Hindustani classical music, when a bursting sound of fireworks needs no cultural refinement at all. Appreciation of a quality black tea can never be expected from uninitiated tea drinkers to whom an herbal tea is the best choice and an orthodox black tea insipid.

Fortune the China Tea Smuggler © 2019 Les Films de la Mémoire

Agents of the Assam Tea Company of Prince Dwarkanath. Source: . @cambridgeDigitalLibrary

We learnt from history that India have had tea before the British smuggled the Chinese tea to India. Along with the tea plants they also brought in India the stolen Chinese know-how of tea gardening, which India never had occasion to know because of not having any tea gardens but forests of tea trees.  The tea habit in India was grown initially by the British through massive propaganda launched by the governmental agencies and industries for economic gain. Their objectives were only to introduce tea to the people and promote sales. One has only to glimpse through the old newspaper ads and publicity posters to realize nothing was there to motivate a tea culture. Neither the study books tell about the tea etiquette, nor any leaders spoke anything contributing to the tea culture, yet the India historically speaking has imbibed a strong cultural affinity toward tea. And that culture, largely in British way, but certainly not exclusively British, as we have already exemplified in my last post ‘Ways of life in colonial Calcutta’. The scenario of Calcutta tea culture found in the hundred year old Favourite Cabin crowded by the firebrand intellectuals had little in common with Flury’s grand ambience except that they both served black tea in ceramic cups. It is unthinkable for the Favourite Cabin to keep Flury’s gentle silence with the presence of a buoyant Nazrul at tea table.

ANYTIME TEA TIME Courtesy: Tea-Pot, Fort Kochi

Their tea-table manners were also more like Indian. As the expert admits that whatever tea seeds you sowed in Darjeeling, it grows to a ‘Darjeeling tea’; similarly, the British tea culture grown in India turns into Indianize British tea culture, more Indian than British. European ladies and gentlemen have always some fixed times for socialization over warm cups of tea, while in Indian culture it is anytime a tea time

Here, in India, it is adda that takes the first position in defining tea culture. The old deshi tea-rooms in Calcutta never cared much for manners and etiquette unlike the British ones. The tea-rooms were being used in Calcutta as meeting spots for lively exchange of minds and hearts, sharing views and news with known, half-known folks or even strangers. The spirit was somewhat akin to the Oxford coffeehouses of 1650s, where ‘the mind-stimulating benefits of the beverage complemented the spirit of sober academic discussion and debate evident at the university there’.White After 1860s, tea took the place of coffee as the major beverage and served in the British coffee houses, including ‘Mr. Lloyd’s Coffee-house’ in London, favoured by ship owners, merchants, and marine insurers – the origin of the celebrated insurance firm, Lloyd’.

Interior of a London Coffee-house, 17th century. Source: Wikimedia Commons

Edward Lloyd’s coffee house in the late seventeenth century

These archaic coffeehouses were called ‘penny universities, because for a penny any man could obtain there a pot of tea, a copy of the newspaper, and engage in free conversation with wits. They served as a basic model for the English gentlemen’s private clubs popularized by English upper middle-class men and women in the late 19th century and early 20th century. By the close of the 18th century the popularity of coffeehouses had declined dramatically. Already by the 1750s consumption of tea, which many people found to be a sweeter, more palatable drink of choice, easy to make and cheaper, was beginning to rise. Cowan

The Club. Engraving by James Doyle

Literary and Political Clubs rose in popularity and the frivolities of coffee-drinking were lost in more serious discussion. Tea was also gaining in importance as Society’s beverage of choice. The East India Company at this time had a greater interest in the tea trade than the coffee trade. The Government’s policy was to foster trade with India and China and it offered encouragements to anything that would stimulate the demand for tea. Tea had become fashionable at Court and in the Tea Houses and was growing in popularity with the public. Boswell

India never had a coffee culture parallel to English one, its production and consumption being confined in some South Indian states, yet it seems that the bygone institution of British coffeehouse had surprising similarity with the tearoom culture developed in colonial Calcutta.

III

This century begins with a startling fresh digital memory of billions of terabytes to absorb the swiftly outdating modern-time and an alarmingly fast growing social dementia making the yesterdays already fuzzy in public mind. I fear, we have already forgotten many old acquisitions. The tea culture is one such thing.  The millennium citizens become insentient to identify its fine distinctions. We pain to see tea is now being redefined in terms of the medicinal masala chai that was in vogue before the beginning of the tea cultivation  – a long stride backward.

The real tea has lost its relevance in the 21st century society. A recent opinion survey of NDTV on Tea versus Coffee discloses the increasing popularity of coffee among Indians. It was ‘a moment of triumph for the coffee shops walked into a tea-drinking country’ offering a luxurious and genteel beverage as alternative.Channi-Tiwary Some historians of coffee-house culture, however, were skeptical of the innate politeness of coffee since there were also some coffee-houses like a Molly King’s Coffee-House, notorious haunts of London’s lowlife.White

As indicated before, coffee-culture in India has been geographically restricted and historically insignificant, contrary to the British experience. Coffee had the same place in London and Oxford of 17th and 18th centuries as the tea had in colonial India. Coffeehouses were then club-house like joints somewhat akin to Indian tearooms in spirit. The rejoinders of NDTV survey marked a reverse trend of opening up across the country tearooms like Chaayos, Taj Mahal Tea House, Bubble Tea Café, etc. These offer the comfort of a beverage many of us love, reinvented and served in a relaxed and casual café environment. Channi-Tiwary

April this year, Quora published an interesting response to their question ‘Why do the majority of Indians like tea rather than coffee?’ The responder claims it was not tea but coffee, black or espresso, what the majority of Indians prefer. It was also observed that some senior citizens still stick to tea out of habit, and currently many people take green tea because it is good for health. Quora The tea habit is a concept closely related to tea culture, which is still being maintained by the senior citizens, and most likely it will end with them, leaving an assortment of reinvented herbal chai for the newer generations broken away from nearly two thousand year tradition of Lu Yü to start a new one from zero.

Before Calcutta bids it a farewell, we may recite a requiem to the tea culture, remembering some good things it did to our society:

The early tearoom in Calcutta was a place to take tea, talk, read news, and collect worldly knowledge paying a thin dime just for the cup of tea; everything else were free. We may call those tearooms by the name of Penny University as the Londoners did for their Coffee shops operated in mid-18th Century as cheap learning centres. Among other things tearooms in Calcutta helped bringing about necessary attitudinal change to tolerate differences in socio-cultural values and political idiosyncrasies.

Tea has been popular among rich and poor. It had an egalitarian character that incited rich social mixing. Vernacular tearooms, or deshi tearooms, offered space for meeting with friends and strangers free from the social conventions of class and deference.

Tea has no arrogance of wine, the self-consciousness of coffee, neither the simpering innocence of cocoa. Okakura The cups that cheer but not inebriate.Cowper The tearoom has a ‘civilizing’ atmosphere, and a role in urbanizing the migrants from less advantaged locations. It was analogous to musafirkhana where travelers get first taste of the city life, or where students get oriented to new campus life.

Tea was instrumental in bringing family together. Even before the introduction of instant tea bag, making a cup of tea has always been a simple and quick process for anyone to perform. Taking tea comfortably at home prepared by the caring hands of fair ladies was a good reason for meeting family members and family friends more frequently.

Tea-making happens to be also a new occupation for a housewife. Women for the first time through tea parties, take leading position in social gatherings, administering tea-shops or running tea-stalls.

Tea in India and many other places, like Ireland, is served as a gracious offering to guests as welcoming gesture. Tea has been a symbol of bonhomie in tribal as well as in civilized society. To the writer of Religion of Man, Rabindranath Tagore, making tea personally for his guests was always a pleasure. Chanda.

Tagore with Count Okuma, PM Japan at tea in 1916

Every human institution decays, so does the tea culture. History records ups and downs, and often interprets every step in terms of their relationship with immediate past and latest trends. Likewise we may consider the followings as possible reasons why the tea culture goodbying Calcutta, the city that nurtured it.

It is the altering value systems of the city that destabilized the climatic condition necessary for the tea culture to sustain. To the millennium everything advertised in the name of ‘tea’, for example, gulabi tea, mallai tea, etc. are readily acceptable as tea. Except the manufacturing companies, not many are there who can smell the difference between a bagged black tea and orthodox leaf tea..

The litterateur and intelligentsia, like Nazrul Islams and Subhas Boses, ceased to be seen in deshi tearooms. The plebian city sticklers occupied the empty seats there for quick energizing sips. The newspaper in tearoom has lost importance. Current affairs and general knowledge are now readily and cheaply available in social media. The dwindling leisure time in modern life is almost entirely used up by mobile chatting, which is largely responsible for making the generation lonely and egocentric,  apathetic to tearoom culture.

∞

REFERENCE

Anonymous. (2009). History of Tea, LGOL27 Portal. Last updated : 23-Feb-09. https://www.gol27.com/HistoryTeaChina.html

Banerjee, Dipankar. (2006). Brahmo Samaj and North-East India. Delhi: Anamika. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GE2o4QQV7UgC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=Ramkumar+Vidyaratna+and+Dwarkanath+Ganguly&source=bl&ots=6ominLanpJ&sig=ACfU3U2mTX2VU3Z25u5yr1of9Og3mh2bBQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNgLjk7cbmAhV_zjgGHYewBpQQ6AEwA3oECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Ramkumar%20Vidyaratna%20and%20Dwarkanath%20Ganguly&f=false

Bengal District Gazetteers: Darjeeling ; Ed.by Arthur Jules Dash. (1947). Calcutta: G.P.Press. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150149

Boswell, James. (1791). The life & times of Doctor Samuel Johnson. Stories of London – portahttp://stories-of-london.org/samuel-johnson-5/

Chakraborty, Sumita. 2016. “শান্তিনিকেতনে চিন ও জাপান.” Parabas, 2016. https://www.parabaas.com/rabindranath/articles/pSumita_china-japan.html

Chanda, Rani (2007). Gurudev. Calcutta: Visvabharati. https://archive.org/details/Gurudeb-Rani-Chanda

Channi-Tiwary, Harnoor. (2018). Tea vs Coffee: Which is India’s Favourite Hot Beverage? In: NDTV Convergence, Updated: March 12, 2018 https://food.ndtv.com/opinions/tea-vs-coffee-which-is-indias-favourite-hot-beverage-1246860

Cowan, Brian. (2005). The Social Life of Coffee: The Emergence of the British Coffeehouse. Yale UP. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjq4JGVmsfmAhUpzjgGHb0hB-MQFjABegQIAhAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbhsecglobal.files.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F03%2Fsocial-life-of-coffee.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2ynOBv82H95N20ip5E-Ikg

Das, Jnanendra Mohan. (1917). Bangla Bhasar Abhidhan ( বাঙ্গালা ভাষার অভিধান). Allahabad: Indian Press. https://archive.org/details/Bangla_Bhasar_Abhidhan_1917_by_Jnanendra_Mohan_Das

Ellis, Markman. (2014). Tea, the second most widely consumed drink, after water — a meme. Tea in Eighteenth-Century Britain April 21, 2014. https://qmhistoryoftea.wordpress.com/2014/04/21/tea-the-second-most-widely-consumed-drink-after-water-a-meme/

Goodwin, Lindsey (2017) Coffee Bar Definition. The Pruce Eats Portal. Updated 11/27/17 https://www.thespruceeats.com/coffee-bar-definition-765033

Koehler, Jeff. (2015). Darjeeling: a history of the world’s greatest tea. London: Bloomsbury. https://www.goodreads.com/user/new?remember=true

Lu Yu. (1974). Cha ching. The classic of tea. Boston; 1st ed. Little, Brown https://www.amazon.com/Classic-Tea-Origins-Rituals/dp/0880014164/ref=pd_sbs_14_t_1/147-0179330-7137150?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=0880014164&pd_rd_r=dddc49fc-6a1f-4754-b82c-ffc76e13cbcb&pd_rd_w=zAATb&pd_rd_wg=mR0UB&pf_rd_p=5cfcfe89-300f-47d2-b1ad-a4e27203a02a&pf_rd_r=HC08A16M8H6139AZTY99&psc=1&refRID=HC08A16M8H6139AZTY99

Mandelslo, Johann Albrecht von. 1669. Voyages Celebres & Remarquables, Faits de Perse Aux Indes Orientales. London: John Starkey, and Thomas Basset. https://archive.org/details/voyagescelebresr00mand/page/n8.

Okakura, Kakuzō . (1906), The Book of Tea. London: Putman’s https://archive.org/details/bookoftea00okakrich/page/n8

Quora, Opinion survey (2015).Why most of the Indians like tea but not coffee? Quora Portal. Ap 14 2015 https://www.quora.com/Why-do-the-majority-of-Indians-like-tea-rather-than-coffee

Sanyal, Amitava. 2012. “Mahatma Gandhi and His Anti-Tea Campaign.” BBC News Magazine, May 2012. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17905975.

Sirkin, Austin. (2013). Hey, America—You’re Drinking Your Tea Wrong! In: WonderHowTo Portal. 01/10/2013. https://steampunk.wonderhowto.com/how-to/hey-america-youre-drinking-your-tea-wrong-0141235/

White, Matthew. (2018). Newspapers, gossip and coffee-house culture. In: British Library newsletter; 21 June 2018. https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/newspapers-gossip-and-coffee-house-culture

TEA: ITS SOCIOCULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN COLONIAL INDIA

Tea, ‘the second most commonly drunk beverage after water’ Ellis, is now being cultivated in more than 61 countries (2018), and consumed by not less than 54 nations (2016).

TEA: ITS SOCIOCULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN COLONIAL INDIA Tea, ‘the second most commonly drunk beverage after water’ Ellis, is now being cultivated in more than 61 countries (2018), and consumed by not less than 54 nations (2016).

[yuccabeitalia]

How to Accommodate Tulsi in Your Small Flat?

There are so many people who love to have plants at home. Do you have any plants at home? No matter you live in a flat, apartment or even a house; you can own the plantation if you really desire. It is all about your efforts to embrace what you really desire.

You can go for any sort of plants that you love the most. Now, if you love tulsi and you want to have it at home, you can purchase tulsi pot online and ensure that you have the beautiful pot specifically for your tulsi to nourish and grow. You can ensure that you have a great experience with such pots.

No Space for Plants at Home?

Now, do not crib that you do no have enough place for plants at home. It is okay if you do not have the planting space or the gardens to grow plants. You can always count on the pots and planters. There are so many options in these pots and planters that you would never feel disappointed. If you have never explored the options you must do it now.

The point is, you can get the different sizes as per your need. If you have the space even in your lobby or the yard; you can simply place your planter or pot therein and ensure that you have a wonderful experience. Of course, you can even go for the hanging planters too if you so desire. It is all about getting the plants at home in a tactful manner. Who says that you need to get a garden for having plants at home? Even if you are on the seventh story of your building, you can simply keep pots or planters therein and ensure that your favorite plants tulsi stays therein.

Looks Lovely in Any Space

You know what, these plants look lovely in any or every place. You can find them good and refined once you have them in your space. There are so many houses wherein you go and find the space so beautiful and tasteful right? Well, you can also ensure that your small place looks splendid and stunning with the right plants. These designer, colorful and different sized pots enhance your space.

Even if you have corners empty in your balcony; you can simply keep one huge pot or planter therein. In this way, you can be sure that you have the pots and planters that look splendid and feel great. You would never feel disappointed once you have the right types and designs of pots or planters. Even if you are looking for some pairs or sets of planters or pots; you can get that too. In this way, your space is going to come to life and look so green and refreshing.

Conclusion

So, whether you get one tulsi planter pot or plenty of them; your space is gong to look better for sure. Plants are always cheering and uplifting. And your pots and planters would get a chic touch to your space.

[powderwoolen6-blog]

What is a paper pot transplanter Australia and the way does it works?

As a small-scale natural grower, transplanting can be one of these back-breaking, knee-scabbing tasks that makes you grudgingly clasp down to obtain those yellow onion, brassicas, lettuces in the ground. There has been a number of improvements to try and make the job simpler and save your fingers, again and legs, but if you don't buy a direct or water wheel transplanter for the tractor, you’ll likely devote onion-planting time on your own knees. Nevertheless, there is one more tool available, and it is one of the most efficient and intelligently-designed transplanters I’ve seen: the particular Australian paper pot transplanter. Taken by hand, without any motor, it's a Japanese instrument that was produced for the sugar beet industry. An organic farmer coming from Wisconsin, David Hendrickson, learned about the particular tool although visiting Japan. He started small farm operates, llc so he or she could importance the device to The united states, and it has been gaining popularity on small farms ever since.

The particular paper pot transplanter Australia works similarly to a direct seeder in style. There is a furrower in leading that makes any trough, the plants are fed via a channel to decrease into the trough, and you will find two wings that press the earth back across the plants. 2 wheels in the tail finish lightly lightweight the soil around the vegetation. Instead of a seedling hopper, there is a large tray room for the tray of transplants to give out of. The main element part, and namesake, of this layout is the paper pot tray that the seed are grown into. This particular little paper “pots” are in reality loops of paper connected into a chain that looks much like a honeycomb. The paper containers unchain as you slowly move the transplanter, feeding themselves through the transplanter. One of many really cool things about the particular paper pot transplanter is that you can apply it many different crops. The paper string pots can be obtained in 2, Several or 6 inch in-row space. The length of in-row spacing is determined by the amount of paper chain between each cell. Each and every paper pot tray has 264 cells. You can also figure out your own seeding prices in the cells, and further space out of the seeds to more preferably suit your plants. The transplanter is commonly used for onions, leeks, scallions and shallots. We’ve furthermore used it regarding broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, early plantings of fairly sweet corn, tulsi, lettuce, and herbal treatments. The paper is actually allowed in licensed organic production, holds up properly until re-planting, and then decomposes once in the floor. We’ve had various success with all the dryness of the paper pots once you plant- if they are soggy and damp, they don’t string out as well. Click here www.paperpotplanter.com.au/ to get more information about paper pot planter Australia.