#TCP Chapter 25

[stromuprisahat]

#Jude was onto something tho with this make out with cardan plan she made on the spot tho #and then it backfired

I love how Jude kissed Cardan the first time with the intention of humiliating him. this guy pushed her into a lake, kicked dirt in her food, did little to nothing when she was high on faerie fruit, and now he reveals it was cuz he has a crush on her and hates himself for it. And her knee-jerk response is to shame him by making out with him so he can feel how badly he wants her and how embarrassed he should be by it. It’s almost too girlboss to wrap my head around. And then she accidentally enjoys kissing him so whoopsie

[testbankprovidersell]

Test Bank For Business Data Communications and Networking, 13th Edition Jerry FitzGerald

Business Data Communications and Networking 13th edition Business Data Communications and Networking

TABLE OF CONTENTS

About the Authors v Preface vi PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Communications 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Data Communications Networks 4 1.2.1 Components of a Network 4 1.2.2 Types of Networks 5 1.3 Network Models 7 1.3.1 Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model 7 1.3.2 Internet Model 9 1.3.3 Message Transmission Using Layers 10 1.4 Network Standards 13 1.4.1 The Importance of Standards 13 1.4.2 The Standards-Making Process 13 1.4.3 Common Standards 15 1.5 Future Trends 16 1.5.1 Wireless LAN and BYOD 16 1.5.2 The Internet of Things 17 1.5.3 Massively Online 17 1.6 Implications for Cyber Security 18 PART TWO: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 25 Chapter 2: Application Layer 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Application Architectures 26 2.2.1 Host-Based Architectures 27 2.2.2 Client-Based Architectures 28 2.2.3 Client-Server Architectures 28 2.2.4 Cloud Computing Architectures 31 2.2.5 Peer-to-Peer Architectures 33 2.2.6 Choosing Architectures 34 2.3 World Wide Web 35 2.3.1 How theWebWorks 35 2.3.2 Inside an HTTP Request 36 2.3.3 Inside an HTTP Response 37 2.4 Electronic Mail 39 2.4.1 How EmailWorks 39 2.4.2 Inside an SMTP Packet 42 2.4.3 Attachments in Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension 43 2.5 Other Applications 43 2.5.1 Telnet 44 2.5.2 Instant Messaging 45 2.5.3 Videoconferencing 45 2.6 Implications for Cyber Security 47 Chapter 3: Physical Layer 57 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Circuits 59 3.2.1 Circuit Configuration 59 3.2.2 Data Flow 60 3.2.3 Multiplexing 60 3.3 CommunicationMedia 63 3.3.1 Twisted Pair Cable 63 3.3.2 Coaxial Cable 64 3.3.3 Fiber-Optic Cable 64 3.3.4 Radio 65 3.3.5 Microwave 66 3.3.6 Satellite 66 3.3.7 Media Selection 68 3.4 Digital Transmission of Digital Data 69 3.4.1 Coding 69 3.4.2 Transmission Modes 69 3.4.3 Digital Transmission 71 3.4.4 How Ethernet Transmits Data 72 3.5 Analog Transmission of Digital Data 73 3.5.1 Modulation 73 3.5.2 Capacity of a Circuit 76 3.5.3 How Modems Transmit Data 76 3.6 Digital Transmission of Analog Data 77 3.6.1 Translating from Analog to Digital 77 3.6.2 How Telephones Transmit Voice Data 77 3.6.3 How Instant Messenger Transmits Voice Data 79 3.6.4 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) 80 3.7 Implications for Cyber Security 80 Chapter 4: Data Link Layer 88 4.1 Introduction 88 4.2 Media Access Control 89 4.2.1 Contention 89 4.2.2 Controlled Access 89 4.2.3 Relative Performance 90 4.3 Error Control 91 4.3.1 Sources of Errors 91 4.3.2 Error Prevention 93 4.3.3 Error Detection 94 4.3.4 Error Correction via Retransmission 95 4.3.5 Forward Error Correction 95 4.3.6 Error Control in Practice 97 4.4 Data Link Protocols 97 4.4.1 Asynchronous Transmission 97 4.4.2 Synchronous Transmission 98 4.5 Transmission Efficiency 101 4.6 Implications for Cyber Security 103 Chapter 5: NETWORK AND TRANSPORT LAYERS 110 5.1 Introduction 110 5.2 Transport and Network Layer Protocols 112 5.2.1 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 112 5.2.2 Internet Protocol (IP) 113 5.3 Transport Layer Functions 114 5.3.1 Linking to the Application Layer 114 5.3.2 Segmenting 115 5.3.3 Session Management 116 5.4 Addressing 119 5.4.1 Assigning Addresses 120 5.4.2 Address Resolution 125 5.5 Routing 127 5.5.1 Types of Routing 128 5.5.2 Routing Protocols 130 5.5.3 Multicasting 132 5.5.4 The Anatomy of a Router 133 5.6 TCP/IP Example 134 5.6.1 Known Addresses 136 5.6.2 Unknown Addresses 137 5.6.3 TCP Connections 138 5.6.4 TCP/IP and Network Layers 139 5.7 Implications for Cyber Security 141 PART THREE: NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES 159 Chapter 6: Network Design 159 6.1 Introduction 159 6.1.1 Network Architecture Components 159 6.1.2 The Traditional Network Design Process 161 6.1.3 The Building-Block Network Design Process 162 6.2 Needs Analysis 164 6.2.1 Network Architecture Component 165 6.2.2 Application Systems 166 6.2.3 Network Users 166 6.2.4 Categorizing Network Needs 166 6.2.5 Deliverables 167 6.3 Technology Design 168 6.3.1 Designing Clients and Servers 168 6.3.2 Designing Circuits 168 6.3.3 Network Design Tools 170 6.3.4 Deliverables 171 6.4 Cost Assessment 171 6.4.1 Request for Proposal 171 6.4.2 Selling the Proposal to Management 173 6.4.3 Deliverables 173 6.5 Implications for Cyber Security 173 Chapter 7: Wired and Wireless Local Area Networks 177 7.1 Introduction 177 7.2 LAN Components 178 7.2.1 Network Interface Cards 179 7.2.2 Network Circuits 179 7.2.3 Network Hubs, Switches, and Access Points 180 7.2.4 Network Operating Systems 183 7.3 Wired Ethernet 184 7.3.1 Topology 184 7.3.2 Media Access Control 187 7.3.3 Types of Ethernet 188 7.4 Wireless Ethernet 189 7.4.1 Topology 189 7.4.2 Media Access Control 189 7.4.3 Wireless Ethernet Frame Layout 190 7.4.4 Types ofWireless Ethernet 191 7.4.5 Security 192 7.5 The Best Practice LAN Design 193 7.5.1 Designing User Access withWired Ethernet 194 7.5.2 Designing User Access withWireless Ethernet 195 7.5.3 Designing the Data Center 197 7.5.4 Designing the e-Commerce Edge 199 7.5.5 Designing the SOHO Environment 200 7.6 Improving LAN Performance 202 7.6.1 Improving Server Performance 203 7.6.2 Improving Circuit Capacity 204 7.6.3 Reducing Network Demand 204 7.7 Implications for Cyber Security 205 Chapter 8: Backbone Networks 214 8.1 Introduction 214 8.2 Switched Backbones 215 8.3 Routed Backbones 218 8.4 Virtual LANs 221 8.4.1 Benefits of VLANs 221 8.4.2 How VLANsWork 223 8.5 The Best Practice Backbone Design 226 8.6 Improving Backbone Performance 227 8.6.1 Improving Device Performance 227 8.6.2 Improving Circuit Capacity 228 8.6.3 Reducing Network Demand 228 8.7 Implications for Cyber Security 228 Chapter 9: Wide Area Networks 237 9.1 Introduction 237 9.2 Dedicated-Circuit Networks 238 9.2.1 Basic Architecture 238 9.2.2 T-Carrier Services 241 9.2.3 SONET Services 243 9.3 Packet-Switched Networks 243 9.3.1 Basic Architecture 243 9.3.2 Frame Relay Services 245 9.3.3 IP Services 246 9.3.4 Ethernet Services 246 9.4 Virtual Private Networks 247 9.4.1 Basic Architecture 247 9.4.2 VPN Types 248 9.4.3 How VPNsWork 248 9.5 The Best PracticeWAN Design 251 9.6 ImprovingWAN Performance 252 9.6.1 Improving Device Performance 252 9.6.2 Improving Circuit Capacity 253 9.6.3 Reducing Network Demand 253 9.7 Implications for Cyber Security 254 Chapter 10: The Internet 265 10.1 Introduction 265 10.2 How the InternetWorks 266 10.2.1 Basic Architecture 266 10.2.2 Connecting to an ISP 268 10.2.3 The Internet Today 269 10.3 Internet Access Technologies 270 10.3.1 Digital Subscriber Line 270 10.3.2 Cable Modem 271 10.3.3 Fiber to the Home 273 10.3.4 WiMax 274 10.4 The Future of the Internet 274 10.4.1 Internet Governance 274 10.4.2 Building the Future 276 10.5 Implications for Cyber Security 277 PART FOUR: NETWORK MANAGEMENT 284 Chapter 11: Network Security 284 11.1 Introduction 284 11.1.1 Why Networks Need Security 286 11.1.2 Types of SecurityThreats 286 11.1.3 Network Controls 287 11.2 Risk Assessment 288 11.2.1 Develop Risk Measurement Criteria 289 11.2.2 Inventory IT Assets 290 11.2.3 Identify Threats 291 11.2.4 Document Existing Controls 293 11.2.5 Identify Improvements 296 11.3 Ensuring Business Continuity 296 11.3.1 Virus Protection 296 11.3.2 Denial-of-Service Protection 297 11.3.3 Theft Protection 300 11.3.4 Device Failure Protection 301 11.3.5 Disaster Protection 302 11.4 Intrusion Prevention 305 11.4.1 Security Policy 306 11.4.2 Perimeter Security and Firewalls 306 11.4.3 Server and Client Protection 312 11.4.4 Encryption 315 11.4.5 User Authentication 321 11.4.6 Preventing Social Engineering 324 11.4.7 Intrusion Prevention Systems 325 11.4.8 Intrusion Recovery 327 11.5 Best Practice Recommendations 328 11.6 Implications for Your Cyber Security 330 Chapter 12: Network Management 340 12.1 Introduction 340 12.2 Designing for Network Performance 341 12.2.1 Managed Networks 341 12.2.2 Managing Network Traffic 345 12.2.3 Reducing Network Traffic 346 12.3 Configuration Management 349 12.3.1 Configuring the Network and Client Computers 349 12.3.2 Documenting the Configuration 350 12.4 Performance and Fault Management 351 12.4.1 Network Monitoring 351 12.4.2 Failure Control Function 353 12.4.3 Performance and Failure Statistics 355 12.4.4 Improving Performance 358 12.5 End User Support 358 12.5.1 Resolving Problems 358 12.5.2 Providing End User Training 360 12.6 Cost Management 360 12.6.1 Sources of Costs 360 12.6.2 Reducing Costs 363 12.7 Implications for Cyber Security 364 Appendices (Online) Glossary (Online) Index 373   Read the full article

[slightlyrebelliouswriter23]

do you think balekin knew cardan had a crush on jude? i mean i feel like everyone in cardan’s social circle at one point or another realized he was in love with her. locke knew and nicasia knew, even madoc knew lol the one who was last to discover it was jude herself i love my oblivious child.

lmao Jude was SO oblivious and i love her for that 😂🙈 i'd even go so far as to say everyone realised she had feelings for Cardan before she realised she had feelings for Cardan.

in terms of Balekin, yes i absolutely believe he knew Cardan was harbouring feelings for Jude. if he didn't hear about it through general court gossip, i imagine he'd have only needed to be observant for a minute while Cardan was interacting with or staring at Jude. i mean, that's how long it took Kaye to realise Cardan was smitten in the bonus chapter of TCP, and she didn't really even know him.

actual evidence of Balekin's knowledge is few and far between. but i feel like we can piece together a few instances to create plausible evidence.

first, and most convoluted, we have the scene in TCP when Jude is spying for Dain in Hollow Hall. Balekin and Cardan come into the study, so Jude has to hide. she watches the scene unfold, wherein Balekin tries to goad Cardan into fighting him:

"'I have tried to improve you, but you insist on wasting your talents on revels, on being drunk under the moonlight, on your thoughtless rivalries and your pathetic romances—'" (TCP, ch.12, p.117)

there's no question that the "thoughtless rivalries" he is referring to is, at least in part, Jude. everyone knows Cardan and Jude hate each other, and Jude has practically publicly declared war on Cardan by that point.

"pathetic romances" could mean Nicasia, but i don't believe Balekin would regard a romance with Nicasia as pathetic. in fact, i think he would probably consider it one of the only smart moves Cardan ever made. not only is it politically strategic, Nicasia is cold and calculating, which i believe Balekin would appreciate. not to mention, in most of Elfhame's eyes, Nicasia is quite the opposite of pathetic.

so it's interesting to me that Balekin would use "thoughtless rivalries" back-to-back with a statement about romance, and a "pathetic" one at that. we all know Balekin's less than high opinions about mortals. why could the two statements not be one in the same? why couldn't both be referring to Jude?

another instance of Balekin's awareness might be in TWK when Jude comes to visit him in the Tower of Forgetting. he says:

"I have heard that for mortals, the feeling of falling in love is very like the feeling of fear. Is that right?" (TWK, ch. 2, p.25)

Jude tells him she's never been in love so she wouldn't know, but Balekin responds, "And of course, you can lie. I can see why Cardan would find that helpful."

this is more of a taunt aimed at Jude, one that says Balekin has guessed at her feelings for Cardan, as well. but Jude, being oblivious, doesn't realise this. it's the proximity (again) of the last two lines that strikes me. they were just talking about the feeling of falling in love. why would Cardan find it useful that Jude can lie about that, if not to cover up their feelings for one another?

and finally, we have the most glaringly obvious sign of them all. in the Undersea, when Balekin asks Jude, who he thinks is under ensorcellment, to kiss him like she would kiss Cardan (TWK, ch. 23, p.239).

this is a blatant barb aimed at both Cardan and Jude. Balekin is using the knowledge that they are romantically involved and the fact that Jude will have no choice but to reveal that part of herself to him, be it out of necessity to keep her act up or under the ensorcellment he thinks she's under, to confirm what he already knows.

he asks her to kiss him just after he asks her who is more worthy of the crown, himself or Cardan. Jude responds that Balekin is more worthy, because she knows that's what he wants to hear. and Balekin takes it as the truth because he doesn't know she can't be ensorcelled.

but by asking Jude to kiss him like he's Cardan after making her admit Cardan is not worthy of the crown, Balekin's message is clear:

for all the right moves she made in stealing the crown from under his nose, Jude couldn't help herself but make a very poor move in falling for Cardan. that she is weak for succumbing to him, the less worthy brother, and it will cost her everything she's worked so hard for. that Balekin will have his brother's crown and his brother's love, if he so desires. that Jude and Cardan's feelings for each other can and will be used against them.

it's a finely distilled humiliation.

–Em 🖤🗡

more theories

[velariscity]

Me, a known slut for enemies to lovers slow burn especially when the girl has a knife under pretty boy’s chin, reading chapter 25 of tcp for the hundredth time

[ao-ihinata]

It was chapter 25 of TCP moments before their first kiss. I agree and don't really mind Cardan looking like he occasionally works out as a very slow transition during the series. I may not like ripped Cardan but I don't mind it as long as it fits in the timeline

Came across random jurdan fan art and I am LOVING IT !! the eye contact, the physical power play, the audio to go with it !! I was FROTHING!!

And then my eyes fell apon Cardan's stomach. WHY does he need chocolate abbs so defined that I could count them through his shirt ?! He's supposed to skinny as a bean pole. And his physique has a point. that fact that Jude could hypothetically just shove him and he would have fallen down. it's the other qualities he possessed that made all most everybody afraid to do so

[emjenenla]

Masterlist

Headcanons: (#Emjen’s Headcanons) -Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars) x -Cardan Greenbriar (The Folk of the Air) x -Declan Lynch (The Raven Cycle) x -Firebenders (Avatar: the Last Airbender) x -Herondale Birthmark (The Shadowhunter Chronicles) x -Hideo Tanaka (Warcross) x -Jace Herondale (The Shadowhunter Chronicles) x -Kanej (Kaz/Inej) (Six of Crows) x -Kaz Brekker (Six of Crows) x -Lightwood Siblings (Alec, Jace, Isabelle and Max) (The Shadowhunter Chronicles) x -Nine and Twelve (Zankyou no Terror) x -Sizzy (Isabelle/Simon) (The Shadowhunter Chronicles) x Fanfiction Recommendations: (#emjen recommends) -Best 25+ Chapter Fanfics -Gansey Recs (The Raven Cycle) -Kaiba Recs (Yu-Gi-Oh) -Loki Recs (Marvel Cinematic Universe) Rambles: (#emjen rambles) Multifandom/Booklr -Characters who Canonically Don’t Sleep op | rb 1 -A-Z Book Recommendations -A list of near fandom-less/small fandom books you should all read -Portal, urban and high fantasy featuring TRC, TFotA and Daevabad [with @theinquisitxor​] Alex Stern Series -Who Darlington killed The Daevabad Trilogy -Portal, urban and high fantasy featuring TRC, TFotA and Daevabad [with @theinquisitxor​] The Folk of the Air -My favorite TCP quote and Cardan’s coping methods -Faerie true names -Jude, Cardan and Understanding -Cardan and Asha -Changelings being unable to lie -Thoughts on Bustle excerpt of QoN and Taryn Duarte -Portal, urban and high fantasy featuring TRC, TFotA and Daevabad [with @theinquisitxor​] The Gentleman Bastards -A (very) short musing about Locke Lamora and Kaz Brekker Grishaverse -Where were the Crows during the Grisha Trilogy -Pekka Rollins didn’t actually kill Jordie -A (very) short musing about Locke Lamora and Kaz Brekker -Changes is my OC Espen’s characterization Grishaverse TV -Speculation on who the Crows will be stealing from in the TV show -Where did “Kirigin” come from, why call the Darkling that, and rants about storytelling in film [with @nina-zeniks-cleavage and @immyownghostwriter] -Why Ben Barnes is the perfect age to play the Darkling Haikyuu! -Lack of teams dealing with their cohesion issues in Haikyuu! I Hunt Killers -Jazz as an unreliable narrator The Naturals -Jennifer Lynn Barnes’s original plans for series length Peaky Blinders -Why Tommy freaks out when he can’t get his coat on in s2 [response to a gifset posted by @ohfuckyeahcillianmurphy] -Tommy’s behavior in the boxing ring scene in 4x06 [with @deadendtracks​] -Tommy’s emotions and the family dynamic [with @deadendtracks​] -Is Tommy’s sense of responsibility unrealistic? [with @deadendtracks​] -On Shelby family dynamics and responsibility [with @deadendtracks​] Shadowhunters -Thule Jace and villain motivations -Reminder: Hodge knows there are two Jonathans -Is Simon/Clary/Jace a real love triangle? -Reactions to part one of Qoaad -Will and Gabriel drinking in the Whitechapel Fiend -Will exhausted in Clockwork Prince: a quote collection -Some Things I Noticed While Rereading CoLS -Will telling the truth about his curse The Raven Cycle/The Dreamer Trilogy -Are Carmen and Jordan dreams? -Portal, urban and high fantasy featuring TRC, TFotA and Daevabad [with @theinquisitxor​] Star Wars -Ten Platonic Anakin Skywalker Relationships That Really Should Have More Fanfictions Written About Them -Emjen Reviews: Lost Stars by Claudia Gray -Ten Anakin Skywalker Quotes in honor of Hayden Christensen’s Birthday The Stormlight Archive -Things I want from Stormlight Archive Book 4 -Elhokar’s reaction to Kaladin’s boon Throne of Glass -Favorites and Least Favorites: Throne of Glass -Manon takes Dorian seriously -Empire of Storms/Lorcan Salvaterre Mini Rant Uprooted -Sarkan and necromancy

Other Tags: Quotes: #quote (all quotes on this tumblr even ones I didn’t originally post are tagged like this) #the great quote rampage! (quotes I personally posted) Asks: #emjen answers Short Thoughts: #emjen muses Substantial Reblogs: #emjen reblogs

[latinbossboy9]

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Case #67-2022 – Monitoring Inquiry – WorldVentures Marketing, LLC

Case #67-2022 – Monitoring Inquiry – WorldVentures Marketing, LLC

BBB NATIONAL PROGRAMS, INC.

The Direct Selling Self-Regulatory Council

Case Number: 67-2022 – Monitoring Inquiry – WorldVentures Marketing, LLC

-DOWNLOAD CASE PDF-

 

Company Description

WorldVentures Marketing (“WorldVentures” or the “Company”), was a direct selling company founded in 2005 located in Plano Texas that offered leisure travel services to consumers.

Basis of Inquiry

The Direct Selling Self-Regulatory Council (“DSSRC”) is a national advertising self-regulation program administered by BBB National Programs. This inquiry was commenced by DSSRC pursuant to its ongoing independent monitoring of advertising and marketing claims in the direct selling industry.

Earnings Claims

This inquiry concerns earnings claims disseminated by WorldVentures and its salesforce members. The representative claims that formed the basis of this inquiry were disseminated on the Company’s website and on Facebook as set-forth below:

“Hello aspiring member of WorldVentures. I present to you an opportunity that will earn you financial freedom (residual income), and a vast world of travel.”



“Love to Travel, love making money! Want a Residual Income? Want no inventory?

Only $25 month

Unlimited income potential!!”

“Financial freedom is just the beginning.

The cars, the trips, the life experiences we’ve created are a blessing. Yet my love has always been for the people!!

These pictures are only a few out of the 60,000+ I’ve taken throughout the 40 countries I’ve visited, the stages I’ve spoken on and the people who’ve become not just best friend, FAMILY!”



“Couldn’t be more thankful for him in helping me gain financial freedom. #GETPAID”

“We travel the whole world and make money money through world ventures business presentation”

YouTube video titled “WorldVentures Webinar Featuring Top Earners” exhibiting images of luxurious vacations and travel destinations.

The video description includes copy stating “This Super-Easy System s paying out $1000s Every Single Friday…I have been in TCP The Conversion Pros for nearly 7 years now and I have been making an Unlimited Income every week.”

YouTube video displaying potential earnings “$333,600/year”

YouTube video titled “World Ventures SUCCESS – Million Dollar Earners Vaitiare & Caleb Mervin”

 

Company’s Position

After WorldVentures failed to respond to its Notice of Inquiry, DSSRC sent a 10-Day Notice to the Company on January 18, 2022. In response, an attorney for Dream Trips International, LLC (“Dream Trips”) contacted DSSRC. The attorney explained that Dream Trips is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Verona International Holdings, Inc. (“Verona) and that WorldVentures is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Spherature Investments, LLC (“Spherature”) which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Texas on December 21, 2020.[1]

Dream Trips maintained that Verona purchased certain WorldVenture assets out of bankruptcy free and clear of any claims against and liabilities of WorldVentures and maintained that neither Verona nor Spherature is responsible for any of the claims that were disseminated by WorldVentures.

Dream Trips informed DSSRC that On November 12, 2021, the US Bankruptcy Court entered an Order Approving Disclosure Statement and Confirming Final Amended Joint Plan for Spherature Investments LLC and Its Debtor Affiliates (“Order”) and provided DSSRC with a copy of the Order[2] which states that “[Verona] is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a successor, alter ego, or mere continuation of [Spherature Investments/WorldVentures]…”.[3]

Dream Trips noted that the earnings claims identified by DSSRC occurred before Verona and Dream Trips International were formed.

Dream Trips explained that it takes its compliance obligation very seriously. It informed DSSRC that Dream Trips is staffed with industry veterans with extensive compliance knowledge and training experience. Dream Trips also informed DSSRC that it is in the process of developing a compliance training video series that will be required for all sales representatives before receiving their first commission payments.

 

Administrative Closure

WorldVentures currently has no website or social media presence, ceased its business operations and is no longer exits a legal entity. Moreover, although Verona has purchased the assets of WorldVentures, the WorldVentures bankruptcy specifically provides that Verona is not a successor to WorldVentures or a continuation of the Company.

Based on the foregoing, DSSRC closed this inquiry pursuant to DSSRC’s Policies & Procedures which provide that DSSRC shall administratively close an inquiry should it determine that the inquiry is not, or is no longer, appropriate for formal investigation in this forum.

 

(Case No. 67-2022, closed on April 4, 2022)

© 2022 BBB National Programs.

 

 

[1] Verona was formed on May 28, 2021 as a special-purpose entity to purchase certain WorldVentures assets out of bankruptcy. On October 25, 2021, Verona formed DreamTrips International, LLC to serve as the operating entity for the network-marketing line of business.

[2] The bankruptcy order can be found at: https://cases.stretto.com/public/X114/10677/PLEADINGS/1067711122180000000087.pdf.

[3] More specifically, the Bankruptcy Order states: Sale Free and Clear. (a) all Acquired Assets sold by the Debtors under the Sale Transaction Documentation are transferred, conveyed, sold, and assigned to the Purchaser free and clear of all Excluded Liabilities, Liens, Claims, encumbrances, and interests (other than Assumed Liabilities) pursuant to sections 363(f), 1123(a)(5), and 1141(c) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan or this Confirmation Order, under no circumstances shall the Purchaser be liable for any Excluded Liabilities; (c) the Purchaser is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a successor, alter ego, or mere continuation of the Debtors and shall not be liable under any theory of successor or similar liability.

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[blogstage426]

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AnaRIP 4.0 EXE (Compatible with mPower MP10/MP5)

(Compatible with mPower MP10 only)

AnaRip 3.0.2 .exe (Compatible with mPower MP5 only)

EKPrint Studio

(Compatible with FP-125 Rev. B)

(Compatible with FP-125 Rev. A)

(Compatible with Sprint REV. B only)

(Compatible with Sprint REV. A only)

Kothari Print Pro

High-performance RIP software with ultra-optimized color profiles and advanced functionality.

(Compatible with RICOH Ri 1000/Ri 3000/Ri 6000)

Download Installation Instructions/User Manual.

Data Collector Software (Printer Analytics Tool)

Download software Data Collector Software (Printer Analytics Tool)(NEW version 1.2.4) (September 2020)

Instructions/Manuals Installation & User Guide (Updated for version 1.2.4 – September 16, 2020)

Graphic Downloads

Shirt Graphics

FileTypeSizeUploaded OnDownloadLeopard PaintingPNG22 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadSpacemanPNG61 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadBlack CatPNG8 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadNative Wolf Light ShirtPNG4 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadNative Wolf Dark ShirtPNG4 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadDinosaurs Light ShirtPNG27 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadDinosaurs Dark ShirtPNG25 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadNew Family PhotoPNG4 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadCat with HeadphonesPNG14 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadSkull Headdress Light ShirtPNG15 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadSkull Headdress Dark ShirtPNG15 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadChameleon Light ShirtPNG16 MB23 Feb, 2017DownloadChameleon Dark ShirtPNG16 MB23 Feb, 2017Download

Face Mask Platen Instructions Face Mask Platen Template

Firmware RICOH Ri 3000 Firmware v1.2.6.r RICOH Ri 6000 Firmware v1.2.6.r (Minimum Firmware v1.2 Required)

Version 1.2.6.r Notes

Improved auto maintenance routine with the following benefits:

“Walk up ready to print” even after sitting idle over night or extended periods.

Improved white ink density due to improved auto maintenance routine.

Dramatically reduced need for manual head cleans to start the day as well as mid-day head cleans.

Reduced damage to parts and ink lines due to dried ink in system.

Customers currently performing more than 2 head cleans or fills a day should experience an overall reduction in ink consumption for maintenance purposes.

Independent adjustments for auto maintenance routines for CMYK and White.

Ability to fine tune auto maintenance frequency based on environment.

RICOH Ri 3000 Firmware v1.2 RICOH Ri 6000 Firmware v1.2

Version 1.2 Notes

Over 60 seconds reduced print time on dark shirts with new Speed Mode for white underbase with Ri 3000 (over 30 seconds with Ri 6000).

Reduced occurrences of interrupted prints and job transmissions from RIP from our multiple printer stability improvements.

Better technical support experience with the improved printer log retrieval process.

Instructions/Manuals RICOH Ri 3000/Ri 6000 Firmware v1.2.6.r Installation Guide RICOH Ri 3000/Ri 6000 Firmware v1.2 Installation Guide RICOH Ri 3000/Ri 6000 Quick Start Guide PDF RICOH Ri 3000/Ri 6000 User Manual PDF RICOH Ri 3000/Ri 6000 Maintenance Schedule PDF

Sprint Drivers & Software

SPRINT Utility Program

Sprint Utility EXE

Drivers for Sprint REV A model ONLY

Drivers for Sprint REV B model ONLY

FP-125 Drivers & Software

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Printer driver isolation improves the reliability of the Windows print service, by enabling printer drivers to run in processes that are separate from the process in which the print spooler runs.

Support for printer driver isolation is implemented in Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 and later operating systems.

For Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, an inbox printer driver must support printer driver isolation and be able to run in an isolated process.

Previous versions of Windows

In previous versions of Windows, including Windows Server 2008, printer drivers always ran in the same process as the spooler. Printer driver components that ran in the spooler process included the following:

Print driver configuration modules

Print processors

Rendering modules

The failure of a single print driver component could cause the print subsystem to fail, halting print operations for all users and for all print components.

Ricoh Others Drivers

New versions of Windows

With Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, an administrator can, as an option, configure a printer driver to run in an isolated process--a process that is separate from the spooler process. By isolating the driver, the administrator can prevent a fault in a driver component from halting the print service.

For more information about the spooler functions, see Spooler Component Functions and Structures.

Driver isolation support in INF files

By default, if the INF file that installs a printer driver does not indicate that the driver supports driver isolation, the printer class installer configures the driver to run in the spooler process. However, if the INF file indicates that the driver supports driver isolation, the installer configures the driver to run in an isolated process. An administrator can override these configuration settings and specify, for each driver, whether to run the driver in the spooler process or in an isolated process.

To support driver isolation, the INF file that installs a printer driver can use the DriverIsolation keyword to indicate whether the driver supports printer driver isolation. Setting DriverIsolation=2 indicates that the driver supports driver isolation. Setting DriverIsolation=0 indicates that the driver does not support driver isolation. Omitting the DriverIsolation keyword from the INF file has the same effect as setting DriverIsolation=0.

Spooler functions for driver isolation settings

The following table shows the spooler functions that an administrator can use to configure the driver-isolation settings.

Function nameOperationGetPrinterDataExGet the driver-isolation settings for a printer.SetPrinterDataExSet the driver-isolation settings for a printer.EnumPrinterDataExEnumerate driver-isolation settings for a printer.FindFirstPrinterChangeNotification FindNextPrinterChangeNotificationRequest notifications of changes to the driver-isolation settings for a printer.

The format for the data is as follows:

Driver in each group is separated by '

Each driver group is separated by '

The first group loads the driver into the spooler processes. Each subsequent group loads the drivers in isolated processes per group. The second group is considered the 'shared' group in which other isolation-capable drivers are loaded by default.

Configuring driver isolation mode through administration

A computer administrator can use the Windows Print Management console or call the Windows spooler functions to configure the driver-isolation settings for each printer driver installed on a computer. The administrator configures the driver to use one of the settings listed in the following table.

Driver-isolation modeMeaningSharedRun the driver in a process that is shared with other printer drivers but is separate from the spooler process.IsolatedRun the driver in a process that is separate from the spooler process and is not shared with other printer drivers.NoneRun the driver in the spooler process.

Ideally, a printer driver is able to run in shared mode. That is, it runs in an isolated process shared with other printer drivers but separate from the spooler process. A driver might need to run in isolated mode if it can run in a process separate from the spooler process, but has difficulty sharing the process with other drivers. For example, a poorly designed driver might have file names that conflict with those of related drivers or of different versions of the same driver, or the driver might fault frequently or have a memory leak that interferes with the operation of other drivers that run in the same process.

Ricoh Others Driver Job

To support troubleshooting, the domain administrator can disable the driver-isolation feature on a computer in the domain, or the administrator can force all of the printer drivers on the computer to run in isolated mode. In isolated mode, each driver must run in a process separate from the spooler and from the other printer drivers.

If driver isolation is disabled by group policy, the isolation is off for all printer drivers. If isolation is enabled, then the individual drivers are mode-checked. If a driver has isolation mode set, it runs in shared, isolated, or none mode, based on the registry entry. However, if the driver does not have isolation mode set and it is compatible with isolation, it runs in shared mode. If the driver is not compatible with the mode, the group policy override determines whether the driver runs in shared mode or none mode.

The following chart shows a decision map for choosing the driver isolation mode:

Spooler functions allowed under driver isolation

Only specific functions are allowed under driver isolation.

Spoolss.dll functions

The following functions are exported by spoolss.dll and are available to spooler plugins by linking to spoolss.lib.

AddMonitorW

AppendPrinterNotifyInfoData

ClosePrinter

DeletePortW

DeletePrintProcessorW

EndDocPrinter

EndPagePrinter

EnumFormsW

EnumJobsW

Drivers pentax. FlushPrinter

GetJobAttributes

GetJobAttributesEx

GetJobW

GetPrinterDataExW

GetPrinterDataW

GetPrinterDriverDirectoryW

GetPrinterDriverW

GetPrinterW

ImpersonatePrinterClient

OpenPrinterW

ReadPrinter

RouterCreatePrintAsyncNotificationChannel

RouterGetPrintClassObject

SetJobW

SetPrinterDataExW

SetPrinterDataW

StartDocPrinterW

StartPagePrinter

WritePrinter

Ricoh Others Driver Software

WinSpool.drv Functions

Ricoh Others Driver Jobs

The following functions are exported by winspool.drv and are available to spooler plugins by linking to Winspool.h.

AppendPrinterNotifyInfoData

ExtDeviceMode

ImpersonatePrinterClient

IsValidDevmode

PartialReplyPrinterChangeNotification

ReplyPrinterChangeNotification

RevertToPrinterSelf

RouterAllocBidiMem

RouterAllocBidiResponseContainer

RouterAllocPrinterNotifyInfo

RouterCreatePrintAsyncNotificationChannel

RouterFreeBidiMem

RouterFreeBidiResponseContainer

RouterFreePrinterNotifyInfo

RouterGetPrintClassObject

RouterRegisterForPrintAsyncNotifications

RouterUnregisterForPrintAsyncNotifications

[chacha666666]

信息通信技术系统管理基础分析（二）

以下问题基于课程的数据网络和安全部分

问题 7

发送使用对���算法加密的消息的主要安全目标是什么？

避免信息窃取

[2标记]

问题 8

A/28的网络可容纳多少主机？

A类网络中可容纳哦16777214个主机。

[2标记]

问题9

192.168.10.0/29 的通配符面罩的点十进制值是192.168.10/29 的点缀十进制值吗？

参考答案：又是通配符运算问题。

192.168.10.0是IP地址

29表示的是29位的子掩码。子掩码是：11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000，用全1的广播减去子掩码，

通配符的二进制是：00000000.00000000.00000000.00000111

通配符的十进制是：0.0.0.7

[2标记]

问题 10

命名距离矢量路由协议？

距离矢量路由协议（一）－－－相关概念简介

距离矢量路由协议包括 RIP、IGRP 和 EIGRP。

RIP

RIP（路由信息协议）最初在 RFC 1058 中定义。主要有以下特点：

．使用跳数作为选择路径的度量。 ．如果某网络的跳数超过 15，RIP 便无法提供到达该网络的路由。 ．默认情况下，每 30 秒通过广播或组播发送一次路由更新。

IGRP

IGRP（内部网关路由协议）是由 Cisco 开发的专有协议。IGRP 的主要设计特点如下： ．使用基于带宽、延迟、负载和可靠性的复合度量。 ． 默认情况下，每 90 秒通过广播发送一次路由更新。 ．IGRP 是 EIGRP 的前身，现在已不再使用。

EIGRP

EIGRP（增强型 IGRP）是Cisco 专用的距离矢量路由协议。EIGRP 主要具有以下特点： ． 能够执行不等价负载均衡。 ．使用扩散更新算法 (DUAL) 计算最短路径。 ．不需要像 RIP 和 IGRP 一样进行定期更新。只有当拓扑结构发生变化时才会发送路由更新

距离矢量的含义

顾名思义，距离矢量意味着用距离和方向矢量通告路由。距离使用诸如跳数这样的度量确定，而方向则是下一跳路由器或送出接口。

使用距离矢量路由协议的路由器并不了解到达目的网络的整条路径。该路由器只知道： 应该往哪个方向或使用哪个接口转发数据包 自身与目的网络之间的距离

例如，在上图中，R1 知道到达网络 172.16.3.0/24 的距离是 1 跳，方向是从接口 S0/0/0 到R2。

距离矢量路由协议的工作方式

一些距离矢量路由协议需要路由器定期向各个邻居广播整个路由表。这种方法效率很低，因为这些路由更新不仅消耗带宽，而且处理起来��会消耗路由器的 CPU 资源。

距离矢量路由协议有一些共同特征。

按照一定的时间间隔发送定期更新（RIP 的间隔为 30 秒，IGRP 的间隔为 90 秒）。即使拓扑结构数天都未发生变化，定期更新仍然会不断地发送到所有邻居那里。

邻居是指使用同一链路并配置了相同路由协议的其它路由器。路由器只了解自身接口的网络地址以及能够通过其邻居到达的远程网络地址，对于网络拓扑结构的其它部分则一无所知。使用距离矢量路由的路由器不了解网络拓扑结构。

广播更新均发送到 255.255.255.255。配置了相同路由协议的相邻路由器将处理此类更新。所有其它设备也会在第 1、2、3 层处理此类更新，然后将其丢弃。一些距离矢量路由协议使用组播地址而不是广播地址。

定期向所有邻居发送整个路由表更新（但其中也有一些特例，我们将在稍后讨论）。接收这些更新的邻居必须处理整个更新，从中找出有用的信息，并丢弃其余的无用信息。某些距离矢量路由协议（如 EIGRP）不会定期发送路由表更新。

算法的作用

距离矢量协议的核心是算法。算法用于计算最佳路径并将该信息发送给邻居。

算法是用于完成特定任务的步骤，开始于给定的初始状态并终止于定义好的结束状态。不同的路由协议使用不同的算法将路由添加到路由表中、将更新发送给邻居以及确定路径。

用于路由协议的算法定义了以下过程： 发送和接收路由信息的机制。 计算最佳路径并将路由添加到路由表的机制。 检测并响应拓扑结构变化的机制。

路由协议特征

可以根据以下特征来比较路由协议： 收敛时间 － 收敛时间是指网络拓扑结构中的路由器共享路由信息并使各台路由器掌握的网络情况达到一致所需的时间。收敛速度越快，协议的性能越好。在发生了改变的网络中，收敛速度缓慢会导致不一致的路由表无法及时得到更新，从而可能造成路由环路。 可扩展性 － 可扩展性表示根据一个网络所部署的路由协议，该网络能达到的规模。网络规模越大，路由协议需要具备的可扩展性越强。 无类（使用 VLSM）或有类 － 无类路由协议在更新中会提供子网掩码。此功能支持使用可变长子网掩码 (VLSM)，总结路由的效果也更好。有类路由协议不包含子网掩码且不支持 VLSM。 资源使用率 － 资源使用率包括路由协议的要求（如内存空间）、CPU 利用率和链路带宽利用率。资源要求越高，对硬件的要求越高，如此才能对路由协议工作和数据包转发过程提供有力支持。 实现和维护 － 实现和维护体现了对于所部署的路由协议，网络管理员实现和维护网络时必须要具备的知识级别。

路由协议知识检查

尽管 IOS 不再支持 IGRP，但此处仍将其列出以便与其增强版本进行比较。同样，尽管 IS-IS 路由协议在CCNP 课程中才会介绍，但考虑到它是常用的内部网关协议，此处仍将其列出。

[2标记]

问题 11

TCP 握手由一个简单的请求包开始，头部中设置了特定的标记（或位）。那面旗子叫什么名字？

TCP的头部

TCP属于协议层的第三次，封包被称为segment，现在主要来看下TCP头部的格式，如下图

一般情况下TCP Header 的长度为20个字节，没有TCP Options

由上图，需要注意的地方：

1. TCP layer 没有IP地址的概念，那个是IP 层的，所以前4个字节是源端口和目的端口

2. Sequence Number：传输数据过程中，为每一个封包分配一个序号，保证网络传输数据的顺序性

3. Acknowledgment Number：用来确认确实有收到相关封包，内容表示期望收到下一个报文的序列号，用来解决丢包的问题

4. TCP Flags：这部分主要标志数据包的属性，比如SYN，RST，FIN等，操控TCP的状态机

5. Window：滑动窗口，主要用于解决流控拥塞的问题

6. Checksum：校验值

7. Urgent Pointer：紧急指针，可以告知紧急的数据位置，需要和Flag的U flag 配合使用

8. TCP Options：一般包含在三次握手中，有Option的选项！

在tcpdump抓出来的TCP Header如下图

TCP Option

每个选项的开始都是1个Byte的kind字段，说明选项的类型，Kind为0/1的时候，选项只占1个Byte，其他选项在kind字段后面还有len字节，说明总长度包括kind和len的字节。看下图

从图中我们可以看到

0. 代表选项表结束

1.代表无操作

2.代表MSS

3.代表窗口扩大银子

8.代表时间戳

其他的kind值为4/5/6/7 四个选项被称为选择ACK及回显选项，目前回显选项已经被时间戳给代替！

下面来看下在SYN上显示的TCP选项

<mss 512, nop, wscale 0, nop, nop, timestamp 146647 0>

从图中可以看到：

0~3 Byte ： MSS 512

4~7 Byte ： nop，wscale 0

8~11Byte：nop，nop，timestamp

12~15 Byte：146647

16~19 Byte：0 最少4个字节对齐

在tcpdump抓出的解析是这样的：

<mss 1460, nop, wscale 8, nop, nop, sack>

这是TCP/IP 系列的第二篇，阅读目标是建立对网络包结构的初步认识。

上一篇里，我们提到一次完整的TCP 会话其实是一个字节流，只不过我们可以按照一定的规则来切割这个字节流，从而划分出一个个的网络包。我们经常说抓包分析网络故障，这个抓包里所指的包在不同的语境下其实意义并不相同，首先我们得对包的构成形成具象的认知。

再看七层协议

前几年，大家都喜欢在简历上写「精通TCP/IP 协议」，面试被问起时就必答三次握手和OSI 七层模型，再多就说不出来了。问七层模型是什么就机械式的从上至下背诵一遍，这离精通还差了一本【TCP/IP 详解】。

我在完整的学习过一遍网络协议栈之后，深感所谓的七层模型是偏工业的说法，看到七层协议图之后，其实很难明白这七层是如何一层层互相构成的，更符合大脑感官的是另一种认知形式，是一种洋葱形的结构，层层叠叠互相包裹，可以用下图表示：

左边是教材上的结构，右边是我所说的洋葱式的结构。如果以一个HTTP 请求为例，右图中Application 部分就代表我们用Charles 抓包时所感知的部分，这一部分要最后转化为光信号，在光纤中传输，还需要经过一层层的转化，这个转化过程说白了，就是在每一层加上一个header。

Application 层（HTTP）的数据在经过传输层（TCP Layer）的时候，会加上 TCP 的 header，成为一个 TCP Segment。

传输层（TCP）的 Segment 在经过网络层（IP Layer）的时候，会加上 IP 的header，成为一个IP Packet。

网络层的 IP Packet 在经过链路层（Link Layer）的时候，会加上Link Layer 的 header，成为一个 Frame。

最后 Frame 会在物理层，将数字信号转化为物理信号传输。

这里值得特别注意的是，在每一层，有不同的英文术语来对应包的概念，比如在TCP 层的包叫做Segment，在IP 层的叫做Packet，在链路层的叫做Frame，另外和TCP 位于同一层的UDP 包我们一般叫做Datagram，不同协议层里术语并不一样，好处是，在交流的时候，我们选择不同的英文单词就能预先确立是在那一层讨论协议。而Segment、Packet、Frame、Datagram 等翻译成中文的时候，都是译为「包」，大家说读英文原版资料是不是更好，这些术语我们需要特别记忆，可以对照下图：

+-------------+-------------------------+

| Application | HTTP Packet |

+-------------+-------------------------+

| Transport | TCP Segment |

+-------------+-------------------------+

| Network | IP Packet |

+-------------+-------------------------+

| Link | Frame |

+-------------+-------------------------+ 光纤

| Physical | Bits | ====================>

+-------------+-------------------------+

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

不过有些场景下，我们也会用Packet 来泛指每一层的包，但是用每一层自己的术语会更准确和专业，这些行话和习惯我们也需要了解。

我们可以用一个公式来表示每一层协议的构成：

Packet = Protocol Header + Payload

每一层的包都可以用这个公式来表示。Payload 指传入这一层的数据内容，比如：

TCP Segment = TCP header + HTTP data

有了这个认知之后，对于每一层协议的学习，最后就落实到每一层header 的学习上了，学习TCP 就是研究TCP header 的构成，header 里的每一个bit 位都有特别的用处，来实现协议层对于网络传输的控制。这也是为什么我经常会说，所谓的网络协议学习就是header 学习，这也是本文标题的含义所在。

深入Header

【TCP/IP 详解】大致有1000 页，通读的过程会很漫长且枯燥，知道每一层协议都是关于header 的设计之后，大家其实可以先跳跃式的阅读，先学习感兴趣的部分，有了收获知识的正向反馈之后，在回过头来填补更多的知识细节。比如大家一般都对TCP 协议比较感兴趣（确实也是最有意思的部分，后面的文章也重点分析），那么可以先跳到第十二章：

Chapter 12 TCP: The Transmission Control Protocol(Preliminaries)

或者第十三章，真正明白所谓的三次握手：

Chapter 13 TCP Connection Management

由于每一层的设计都是独立的，所以先学习传输层并不会有什么障碍，这也是分层架构的意义所在，各层各司其职，互不依赖具体的实现。

我们的学习行为，大致上可以分为两类，理解（理解思想）和记忆（强行记忆）。对于header 的学习，除了理解header 每个bit 的意义之外，还需要一些记忆行为，对于一些关键信息的强制性记忆，有助于我们形成更深刻的认知。我们以TCP 的header 为例：

上图是一个TCP header，以下是一些需要「死记硬背」的信息点：

一个TCP Header 一般有20 个字节，如果启用了options，header的长度可以达到 60 个字节。上图中每一行是 4 个bytes，32 个 bits。我先带大家学习下前 5 行，每一行是 4 Bytes，五行刚好是 20 个bytes。计算机世界中，通常会以bit，byte，word（4 个byte）等不同粒度来描述信息，header 的学习一般是以4 个字节为一个单位来展示的。

第一行，由 Source port 和 Destination port 构成，二者各占 2 个字节，刚好���起占据第一行的 4 个字节。这两个字段分别表示 TCP 连接中的，发送方端口号和接收方的端口号，既然一个 port 只占 2 个bytes，那么端口值的范围自然就是0~65535 啦。

第二行，Sequence number，表示发送方的序列号。这个序列号表示的是什么呢？一个TCP 流是有无数个0 和1 构成，这些0 和1 以8 个bit 为单位，可以分割成一个个的byte，TCP 是可靠传输协议，每一个byte 都是有标号的，因为我们需要追踪每个byte 是否被成功传输了，每个byte 的标号就是我们这里的sequence number。假设我们建立TCP 连接的时候，发一个sync 包，我们就以0 标记sync 包的第一个字节，那么sync 包中的Sequence 值就是0。实际应用中，处于安全考虑，TCP 流的第一个Sequence number 一般不会是0，而是一个随机数。Sequence number 占据4 个字节，也就是2 的32 次方，这个数字并不算大，每个包都会用掉一些，如果达到最大值之后，就取余从0 重新开始。

第三行，Acknowledge number，表示接收方 ack 的序列号。接收方收到发送方一个的 TCP 包之后，取出其中的 sequence number，在下一个接收方自己要发送的包中，设置 ack 比特位为 1，同时设置acknowledge number 为sequence number + 1。所以接收方的acknowledge number 表示的是，接收方期待接收的下一个包起始字节的标号，大家可以仔细理解下这一句话。所以acknowledge number 和sequence number 是配对使用的。

第四行，这一行尤其重要，出于篇幅的考虑，其中细节会在后续的文章中讲解。这里简单提下从CWR 到FIN 的8 个bit，这8 个bit 里每一位都是一个标记位，用来标记当前TCP 包的特殊含义。比如我们所说的三次握手，第一个sync 包，就是将SYN 位置为1。第二个syn + ack 包就是将header 的ACK 和SYN 位都置为1。第三个ack 包即将ACK 位置1。剩余的几个bit 位暂时不展开讲了，大家可以自己看书先学习下。

第五行，这一行只有两个字段，即 Checksum 和 Urgent pointer。checksum 是个通用的计算机概念，做完整性校验之用，在很多协议（IP，UDP，ICMP）中都有应用，这个值有包的发送方去计算，之后由包的接收方取出来校验。Urgent pointer 为两个字节的偏移量，加上当前包的sequence number，用来标记某一个范围内的bytes 为特殊用途数据。

怎么样、其实没有多少信息量对不对？这么跟着理解一遍header 中的每一个bytes 之后，是不是加深了对TCP 的理解呢？

同理，学习完TCP 的header 之后，大家可以再去把IP 的header，frame 的 header 都搜索出来，对照关键字段去理解学习，最后再配合【TCP/IP 详解】一书阅读效果更好。

Tcpdump 实战

上面是理论部分，可能有些枯燥，大家可以在理解之后，使用tcpdump 抓包实战下，进一步加深理解。我们就来抓包，基于上面tcp header 的学习，抓下三次握手的包?

我们可以用如下命令来抓三次握手的包：

| sudo tcpdump -i en0 “tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-syn | tcp-ack) != 0” |

输出结果为：

18:18:45.687476 IP 192.168.3.7.65284 > 59.37.116.101.https: Flags [S], seq 3942311653, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 5,nop,nop,TS val 589105996 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0

18:18:45.719744 IP 59.37.116.101.https > 192.168.3.7.65284: Flags [S.], seq 303118583, ack 3942311654, win 14280, options [mss 1412,sackOK,TS val 1712930033 ecr 589105996,nop,wscale 8], length 0

18:18:45.719986 IP 192.168.3.7.65284 > 59.37.116.101.https: Flags [.], ack 1, win 4112, options [nop,nop,TS val 589106029 ecr 1712930033], length 0

你能根据上面tcp header 的学习，理解上面tcpdump 命令的含义吗？tcpflags 指的是header 中的哪些位呢？

对于tcpdump 的使用还不太了解的同学，可以翻阅我之前的一篇介绍文章。

当然TCP 里还包含着很多有趣的知识点，大家可以先行阅读，后面我会逐步讲解，比如TCP 的ARQ 机制，Flow Control 等。

[2标记]

问题 12

IP 地址 192.168.10.128/25 是否为有效的主机地址？给出你回答的理由。

可以作为有效主机地址，是C类地址，

参考资料：主机地址可以分为局域网或者广域网 常用的局域网（内网）IP地址段：10.x.x.x ；192.168.x.x ；172.16.x.x至172.31.x.x 其他的都一般为广域网IP地址 而IP地址分A类,B类,C类，通常具体谈到主机IP一般都说的是C类地址。 如局域网192.168.1.X这就是个C类地址。哪些IP可作为主机地址是根据局域网划分来看的。 如果你整个C类地址不划分子网（VLAN）的话。 那么除了192.168.1.0（网络地址）192.168.1.1（网关地址） 192.168.1.255（广播地址）这三个IP地址外， 其余的IP（192.168.1.2~192.168.1.254）都可以作为主机地址！

[2标记]

继续 。。

问题 13

TCP 模型的四层是什么？

TCP/IP层次模型共分为四层：应用层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层。

应用层：应用程序间沟通的层，如简单电子邮件传输（SMTP）、文件传输协议（FTP）、网络远程访问协议（Telnet）等。

传输层：在此层中，它提供了节点间的数据传送服务，如传输控制协议（TCP）、用户数据报协议（UDP）等， TCP和UDP给数据包加入传输数据并把它传输到下一层中，这一层负责传送数据，并且确��数据已被送达并接收。

互连网络层：负责提供基本的数据封包传送功能，让每一���数据包都能够到达目的主机（但不检查是否被正确接收），如网际协议（IP）。 等）来传送数据。

[2标记]

问题 14

在VLANed网络中使用的 IEEE 802.1Q 协议是什么？

IEEE802.1Q协议即Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks协议，规定了VLAN的国际标准实现，从而使得不同厂商之间的VLAN互通成为可能。802.1Q协议规定了一段新的以太网帧字段，如图3-15所示。与标准的以太网帧头相比， VLAN报文格式在源地址后增加了一个4字节的802.1Q标签。4个字节的802.1Q标签中，包含了两个字节的标签协议标识（Tag Protocol Identifier，TPID，它的值是8100）和两个字节的标签控制信息（Tag Control Information，TCI)，TPID是IEEE定义的新的类型，表明这是一个加了802.1Q标签的报文。 [1]

使用的大多数计算机并不支持802.1Q，即计算机发送出去的数据包的以太网帧头还不包含这4个字节，同时也无法识别这4个字节，将来会有软件和硬件支持802.1Q协议的。���交换机中，直接与主机相连的端口是无法识别802.1Q报文的，那么这种端口称为Access端口；对于交换机相连的端口，可以识别和发送802.1Q报文，那么这种端口称为Tag Aware端口。在大多数交换机产品中，用户可以直接规定交换机端口的类型，来确定端口相连的设备是否能够识别802.1Q报文。

[2标记]

问题 15

MAC 地址的作用是什么？

MAC地址也叫物理地址、硬件地址或链路地址，由网络设备制造商生产时写在硬件内部。IP地址与MAC地址在计算机里都是以二进制表示的，IP地址是32位的，而MAC地址则是48位的。MAC地址的长度为48位（6个字节），通常表示为12个16进制数，每2个16进制数之间用冒号隔开，如：08:00:20:0A:8C:6D就是一个MAC地址，其中前6位16进制数08:00:20代表网络硬件制造商的编号，它由IEEE（电气与电子工程师协会）分配，而后3位16进制数0A:8C:6D代表该制造商所制造的某个网络产品（如网卡）的系列号。只要你不去更改自己的MAC地址，那么你的MAC地址在世界是惟一的。 进入“MS-DOS方式”或“命令提示符”，在命令提示符下输入命令：ARP -s 10.88.56.72 00-10-5C-AD-72-E3，即可把MAC地址和IP地址捆绑在一起。这样，就不会出现IP地址被盗用而不能正常使用网络的情况，可以有效保证小区网络的安全和用户的应用。 注意：ARP命令仅对局域网的上网代理服务器有用，而且是针对静态IP地址，如果采用Modem拨号上网或是动态IP地址就不起作用。

[2标记]

[scriptaed]

a reflection of 2017 as a writer

In an effort to continuously better myself, I’m just going to write a thorough reflection of this blog on the year of 2017! So whether you joined me at the beginning, middle, end, or even prior to 2017, feel free to reminisce or read along with me!

Paper Hearts

January 3: Paper Hearts (Part 10) was posted, marking the beginning of the end of an era which, in my opinion, really garnered a new, wide audience for me on this blog. 

April 12: The Paper Hearts series finally comes to an end after a 6 months run. I didn’t know writing love triangles could be so taxing, because while some rooted for Jungkook (mainly Jungkook stans) and some rooted for Jimin (mainly Jimin stans), I was torn apart as a writer because I liked both characters yet some readers were a bit pushy and trying to force their ideas on me. Overall though, many of you guys were so so kind and patient, and I’m incredibly thankful that many of you have stayed even after Paper Hearts.

The Labyrinth

January 7: Chapter 25 of the huge project, The Labyrinth, was posted after the long awaited revelation in Chapter 24 (which, surprisingly, amassed a huge response/feedback from a group of Labyrinth readers I never even knew existed before!) This was a huge step towards the completion of a series I had struggled to finish since January 2016.

August 1: The Labyrinth finally comes to an end with 41 chapters. After struggling for many months to convince myself to write despite the lack of a response, 2017 was the year I finally came to realize I write for myself - which ultimately worked out in the end as more and more readers started reading, only for The Labyrinth to become one of my most read/known of works! (It’s still my favorite work of all time)

Star-Crossed

March 7: My longest oneshot to that date (of course, until Between Us and Infinity came along) finally makes its debut titled as Star-Crossed! At first it didn’t garner as much attention, but that made the few feedback that I did receive all the more special. I was so proud of myself for creating something so cohesive and trudging through a month long of constant writing. Little did I know, it would become my first oneshot to hit 1k notes.

Between Us And Infinity

March 20: One of my proudest moments of the blog when I posted the first “preview” of the beginning processes of my outline for a oneshot I later would not even expect to be my biggest work yet. (link: x)

April 7: A month later and I would only have 2-3k or so words written out to post as a preview, (link: x)

June 6: A day after my birthday and the colossal oneshot has FINALLY been posted. Despite it not garnering much attention at first (only to become one of my most read works later), I was extremely proud of finishing the project. Standing at 35k, it is the longest works of mine up to date, and my first oneshot for Taehyung.

Bygones of the Sun

April 24: Shortly after finishing my last series, Paper Hearts, I dove right into another series I had in mind for a month or so - the next most read work/series of mine, BOTS. Surprisingly, it didn’t actually receive as much of a response as it does now, but it was and still is one of my favorite works because of how much effort I put into it. From the plot to the header and title (yes, I took 2 days to think of the title), everything was crafted with immense care.

The Crimson Prince

November 11: My writing speed suddenly dropped to an all time low as I became bombarded with adjusting to the college life and just in general going through a writing slump. This was originally supposed to be a series when I first wrote the one-shot at the end of 2016, but I decided to scrap it and rewrite it all after a year of growth as a writer. 

After a couple months of drafting, I finally managed to crunch out  TCP in a matter of a few days. Although it didn’t grasp as much attention as I had hoped in the beginning, I was so grateful for the response that did come through, for it resonated with the emotions I was attempting to capture through this 20k work (which I did not expect to turn out so long). Ultimately, I’m more than grateful that there are many of you guys who still read this one-shot.

Ink Nemesis

December 16: After hesitating on starting yet another series with an ongoing series, BOTS, I recalled that I was writing for myself and that there is no better time to write than when you are inspired; so, I posted Ink Nemesis. I’ve had the entire plot for the first chapter and a few later chapters planned out for a month prior, so it was really nice to finally post it for you guys to read, especially since I’m lacking in the Yoongi fics department. Although I don’t think it quite received as much attention as I would have liked (which seems to be a trend), I really didn’t mind at this point. I write for myself, and I’m thankful for those who do read it. Plus, it’s only the first chapter, and the exciting parts are still to come ;)

Drabble Game

June 17: In an attempt to rid myself of a writing slump, I decided to start a drabble game. While accepting around 25 or so requests, my main goal was to write for more of the members and post something short while working on other one-shots which always turn out to be longer than I planned. 

June 21: Behind Closed Doors is the first fic to kick off the drabble game, and to my delight, many of you guys still find it one of my most angsty works yet. I’m glad that it’s my first drabble for Yoongi (one of my three only fics I wrote for Yoongi this year, sadly).

July 1: Although my main goal was to write more for the hyung line, Namjoon especially, I didn’t manage to post a huge one-shot I have in the works for him this year. Therefore, Misplaced is, unfortunately, my only work for Namjoon at this moment; however, I’m glad that it received great feedback and that many of my soft Joon stans enjoyed the read. To be honest, I was quite surprised at how much attention it gained.

July 7: Nothing Like Us is the first fic I wrote for Jungkook in a long time since Paper Hearts. Although the plot is simple, I’m happy to say that I was still able to evoke the essence of angst in such a short piece of work - especially since most of my works tend to have extensive plots and length.

December 1: And of course, this blog wouldn’t be the same without So I Heard You Like Bad Boys. Now, this, I DEFINITELY didn’t expect to gain as much attention and feedback as it did. I initially thought it was a cute drabble - which ended up being 4.4k, way longer than I expected, as usual - but I didn’t expect it to gain the most amount of notes out of all of my works. Compared to The Crimson Prince, which has thorough plots/concepts and months of effort poured into it, I managed to write this drabble in a few hours. Although I’m a bit salty, ultimately I’m glad that this drabble is proof that smut is not “required” to make a great story and receive attention. Fluff can be just as powerful of a tool as angst or smut. 

[homebrewdeviants]

March 25, 2017: News & Updates

Good afternoon everyone! This week we have something special, as this week’s Void Session update included it’s own musical number! Swirly and Mortis worked together to create both lyrics and a backing track for it, which you can read and listen to [ here on Swirly’s SoundCloud page ]!

The whopping 9-panel Void Session update proper can be read [ here ] (18+), as always!

As for other news from the studio:

> Frog-Crimes Session update!

Frog-Crimes and Macaron are having their first proper face-to-face! [ Catch up on it here! ]

> TCP Misc

Internal organization of TCP documentation has drastically improved, which will hopefully result in more coherent future information about TCP types in future session and dA updates!

> Distortion progress updates!

Distortion: Chapter One will be released next month!

Distortion: Intermission has been finished and is currently being play-tested for bugs and other errors. We’ll be sure to post a link to it here on the blog once it’s ready for release!

> Morbit Species Guide update!

Work on the Karacel Species Style Guide is going strong! Karacels are the bipedal felines native to Taverne, one of the larger northern continents of Morbit. 

> Vest Party:Below Updates!

Level design work continues! Behold, the rough floor plan of some poor sap’s shitty apartment??

Major plot and in-universe history rewrites have been hammered out, resulting in a tighter and more coherent narrative.

Code has been refactored and overall documentation has dramatically improved. Also, the mouse input tests are happy to see you!

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[isearchgoood]

January 23, 2019 at 10:01PM - The Make: Arduino Hacker eBook Bundle (92% discount) Ashraf

The Make: Arduino Hacker eBook Bundle (92% discount) Hurry Offer Only Last For HoursSometime. Don't ever forget to share this post on Your Social media to be the first to tell your firends. This is not a fake stuff its real.

From interactive programming to creating on-the-go wearables, you can do it all with Circuit Playground Express, the multi-purpose learning and development board that’s perfect for DIY electronics newcomers. In this beginner-friendly eBook, you’ll learn how to get up and running with this board and utilize its built-in sensors for a number of interactive projects. You’ll come to understand the basics of coding in multiple programming languages and learn how to create your own IoT programs.

Get up & running quickly w/ programmable boards

Understand the basics of coding in multiple programming languages

Use the built-in sensors for a variety of projects

Make colorful interactive displays

Design programs for the Internet of Things (IoT)

Note: Hardware not included.

Make: Basic Arduino Projects is the companion book to the popular Ultimate Arduino Microcontroller Pack and details over 25 different projects to get you channeling your inner tinkerer. Using the Ultimate Arduino Microcontroller Pack (not included) or equivalent hardware, you’ll walk through creating multicolor flashing lights, timers, tools for testing circuits, sound effects, motor control, and more exciting DIY projects.

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Getting Started with Adafruit Flora is your beginner-friendly guide for building wearable electronics projects using Adafruit’s FLORA board. Written by Adafruit’s Director of Wearable Electronics and Creative Engineer, this eBook is your definitive introduction for creating DIY electronics with this computing platform. You’ll learn how to plan your wearable circuits, sew with electronics, and much more as you make your way through this eBook.

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Note: Hardware not included.

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Note: Hardware not included.

Netduino is an open-source electronics platform based on the .NET Micro Framework, and it’s quickly becoming a popular pick among DIY electronics gurus due to its improved computing power. Getting Started with Netduino: 1st Edition provides step-by-step guidance for experimenting with Netduino and the .NET Micro Framework. Following along a number of quick projects, you’ll learn how to create networked devices that communicate over TCP or IP.

Get an overview of the Netduino microcontroller family

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Use Pulse Width Modulation to make a light appear dimmer or brighter

Walk through creating an app to control your Netduino over the Web

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Blending the ease-of-use of Arduino’s classic boards with powerful hardware, the Arduino 101 is the logical next step forward for any tinkerers looking to expand their creative potential. Jumpstarting the Arduino 101 offers a comprehensive look at using this board to its full potential. Jump in, and you can get started with this platform as you explore neural net pattern matching, gesture recognition & more of its exciting features.

Access 124 pages of expert insight

Learn how to get started with the Arduino 101

Explore neural net pattern matching

Walk through having the Arduino 101 learn gesture recognition

Note: Hardware not included.

Filled with color illustrations, easy-to-follow explanations, and step-by-step instructions, Learn Electronics with Arduino is the perfect starting point for creating your own projects on the Arduino platform—no experience required! You’ll get a solid introduction to basic electronics theory and programming concepts, as well as digital and analog inputs and outputs, so you can start building circuits, writing sketches, and more with Arduino.

Learn essential Arduino concepts & procedures from detailed full-color illustrations

Explore step-by-step instructions for projects that teach fundamental Arduino skills

Walk through a number of Arduino-based projects

Discover common debugging practices to apply to your own projects

Note: Hardware not included.

Learn how to build devices with both the Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0 and the Arduino prototyping platform in this beginner-friendly guide! Make: Lego & Arduino Projects: 1st Edition shows you how to bring Arduino functionality to the Lego Mindstorms kit, allowing you to create everything from a drink dispenser to a music synthesizer and wireless lamp. Following along step-by-step instructions and clear illustrations, you’ll get your feet wet building a number of projects for this exciting platform.

Build a Drawbot that roams around & traces its path with a marker pen

Construct an analog Mindstorms clock with hands that display the correct time

Create a machine that mixes a glass of chocolate milk at the touch of a button

Build a guitar-shaped Lego synthesizer

Build a Lego lamp with on/off and dimmer switches that you control via smartphone app

Note: Hardware not included.

Assemble an Arduino-compatible micro-controller and build a complete MintDuino project from start to finish with this step-by-step eBook. DIY MintDuino: Building an Arduino-Compatible Breadboard Micro-Controller has you channel your inner creator by making a MintDuino reflex game. You’ll walk through all the necessary steps for wiring up and programming the MintDuino controller, and get the skills to start working on your own MintDuino projects.

Learn how to wire up & program the MintDuino to light an LED

Build a game that tests the reflexes of two players

Learn how to make your game light glow at random intervals

Construct a pushbutton circuit to control individual players’ LEDs

Note: Hardware not included.

From our smartphones to self-driving cars, we’re surrounded by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and you can start making your own with this easy-to-follow eBook. Getting Started with the Internet of Things walks you through using micro-controllers to interface with the real world. Using a Netduino Plus micro-controller, you’ll learn how to build a web server, send sensor data over the web, and much more as you make your way through this eBook.

Deepen your understanding of Internet of Things (IoT) devices

Learn about the Netduino Plus micro-controller

Walk through building a web server

Learn how to send sensor data over the Internet

Discover how to control the physical world from the Cloud

Note: Hardware not included.

Many aspiring hobbyists shy away from using Raspberry Pi and similar platforms because they require understanding Linux. However, the reality is that Linux isn’t all that difficult to understand—especially when you have an expert walking you through it. From loading the OS to troubleshooting and prepping projects, this beginner-friendly guide walks you through the Linux OS and how you can add its open-source power to your own DIY electronics projects.

Learn how to write Raspian & other popular Linux distributions

Discover how to code & write scripts

Learn commands, systems & processes

Add sound & video to your projects

Set up an IFTTT applet

Discover how to access & leverage cloud services

Run a virtual Raspberry Pi on Windows, Mac, or Linux

Note: Hardware not included.

Compact, economical, and Arduino-compatible, the Adafruit Trinket is a brilliant platform for DIY electronics hobbyists to get their feet wet in the field. Getting Started with Adafruit Trinket walks you through the essentials of using this board and offers a number of hands-on projects to refine your skills. Inside, you’ll find over 15 projects for the AVR ATtiny85 Board.

Learn how to create your own electronics projects w/ the Adafruit Trinket board

Access over 15 projects for the AVR ATtiny85 Board

Understand how the Adafruit Trinket board works

Note: Hardware not included.

The air is filled with all sorts of gases and substances invisible to the naked eye, but you can detect and measure them through the power of Arduino! With easy-to-follow tutorials and step-by-step instructions, this eBook will show you how to create gadgets for examining the quality of the atmosphere.

Build a tropospheric gas sensor for detecting carbon monoxide, LPG, butane & more gases

Create an LED Photometer for measuring the sun’s blue, green, and red light waves in the atmosphere

Walk through building an LED sensitivity detector

Determine the amount of water vapor, ozone & other substances in the atmosphere by measuring light wavelengths

Share your data w/ others online via Cosm

Note: Hardware not included.

Whether you want to build an intruder detector or weather monitor, you’ll going to have to get savvy with sensors if you want to create an Arduino project that interacts with the physical world. Complete with a wealth of high resolution imagery and delivered in a friendly, understandable tone, Make: Sensors 1st Edition offers an introductory overview of how to use the myriad of sensors on the market in your own Arduino projects.

Explore the vast world of Arduino sensors & how they work

Learn from heavily illustrated content w/ electronic circuit diagrams that can be read by non-technical readers

Access a number of hands-on projects to refine your skills

Note: Hardware not included.

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[cordeliascdenn-blog]

Wan Port Assignment

Wan Port Assignment

Visit the StarWars.com Databank and explore the life and legacy of Obi-Wan Kenobi with a character biography, pictures, and videos.

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This document describes how to connect Cisco DSL WAN interface cards. For an overview of Cisco interface cards used for Cisco access routers, see Overview of Cisco

WAN link load balancing. In the same way that incoming traffic can be load balanced, outgoing or WAN traffic can also be load balanced and for the same three reasons.

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04.08.2014 · Buy Cisco Systems Gigabit Dual WAN VPN 14 Port Router (RV325K9NA): Routers - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases

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04.08.2014 · Buy Cisco Systems Gigabit Dual WAN VPN 14 Port Router (RV325K9NA): Routers - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases

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This document describes how to connect Cisco DSL WAN interface cards. For an overview of Cisco interface cards used for Cisco access routers, see Overview of Cisco

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Let me try to give you a short (it will not be very short) and simple introduction to TCP/IP. I will try to keep it as simple as possible (it may to be too simple for

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Let me try to give you a short (it will not be very short) and simple introduction to TCP/IP. I will try to keep it as simple as possible (it may to be too simple for

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Expert version i want to create a route in pfSense that will send traffic out the physical WAN port, not the PPPoE WAN port. i want to talk to the web-server on my

Learn more

Visit the StarWars.com Databank and explore the life and legacy of Obi-Wan Kenobi with a character biography, pictures, and videos.

Learn more

This document describes how to connect Cisco DSL WAN interface cards. For an overview of Cisco interface cards used for Cisco access routers, see Overview of Cisco

Learn more

Configuring WAN optimization. This chapter describes FortiGate WAN optimization client server architecture and other concepts you need to understand to be able to

Learn more

Resolution. On Network | Interfaces page, configure the chosen port to be in WAN zone, and enter in the correct address settings provided by the Secondary ISP.

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Amazon.com: NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports FVS124G - Router + 4-port switch - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet - …

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Expert version i want to create a route in pfSense that will send traffic out the physical WAN port, not the PPPoE WAN port. i want to talk to the web-server on my

Learn more

This document describes how to connect Cisco DSL WAN interface cards. For an overview of Cisco interface cards used for Cisco access routers, see Overview of Cisco

Learn more

Configuring WAN optimization. This chapter describes FortiGate WAN optimization client server architecture and other concepts you need to understand to be able to

Learn more

Resolution. On Network | Interfaces page, configure the chosen port to be in WAN zone, and enter in the correct address settings provided by the Secondary ISP.

Amazon.com: NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports FVS124G - Router + 4-port switch - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet - …

[kieferfosterr]

STAYER ACC 560 Week 5 Homework Chapter 7 and chapter 8 (E7-3, E7-7, E7-11, P7-3A, E8-2, E8-6, E8-9, P8-5A) NEW

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http://www.uopassignments.com/acc-560-strayer/acc-560-week-5-homework-chapter-7-and-chapter-8-recent

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Chapter 7: Incremental Analysis and Chapter 8: Pricing   Chapter 7: Exercises 3, 7, and 11, P7-3A Chapter 8: Exercises 2, 6, and 9, P8-3A E7-3  Moonbeam Company manufactures toasters. For the first 8 months of 2017, the company reported the following operating results while operating at 75% of plant capacity: Sales (350,000 units)               $4,375,000 Cost of goods sold                  2,600,000 Gross profit                            1,775,000 Operating expenses                840,000 Net income                              $ 935,000 Cost of goods sold was 70% variable and 30% fixed; operating expenses were 80% variable and 20% fixed. In September, Moonbeam receives a special order for 15,000 toasters at $7.60 each from Luna Company of Ciudad Juarez. Acceptance of the order would result in an additional $3,000 of shipping costs but no increase in fixed costs. Instructions a.       Prepare an incremental analysis for the special order. b.      Should Moonbeam accept the special order? Why or why not?   E7-7 Riggs Company purchases sails and produces sailboats. It currently produces 1,200 sailboats per year, operating at normal capacity, which is about 80% of full capacity. Riggs purchases sails at $250 each, but the company is considering using the excess capacity to manufacture the sails instead. The manufacturing cost per sail would be $100 for direct materials, $80 for direct labor, and $90 for overhead. The $90 overhead is based on $78,000 of annual fixed overhead that is allocated using normal capacity. The president of Riggs has come to you for advice. “It would cost me $270 to make the sails,” she says, “but only $250 to buy them. Should I continue buying them, or have I missed something?” Instructions a. Prepare a per unit analysis of the differential costs. Briefly explain whether Riggs should make or buy the sails. b. If Riggs suddenly finds an opportunity to rent out the unused capacity of its factory for $77,000 per year, would your answer to part (a) change? Briefly explain.     E7-11  Kirk Minerals processes materials extracted from mines. The most common raw material that it processes results in three joint products: Spock, Uhura, and Sulu. Each of these products can be sold as is, or each can be processed further and sold for a higher price. The company incurs joint costs of $180,000 to process one batch of the raw material that produces the three joint products. The following cost and sales information is available for one batch of each product.                         Sales Value at                                                                                      Sales Value of                         Split-Off Point             Allocated Joint Costs   Cost to Process Further            Processed Product Spock              $210,000         $40,000                       $110,000                                 $300,000 Uhura            300,000           60,000                     85,000                                   400,000 Sulu                 455,000         80,000                       250,000                                 800,000   Instructions a. Determine whether each of the three joint products should be sold as is, or processed further.   P7-3A  Thompson Industrial Products Inc. (TIPI) is a diversified industrial-cleaner processing company. The company's Dargan plant produces two products: a table cleaner and a floor cleaner from a common set of chemical inputs (CDG). Each week, 900,000 ounces of chemical input are processed at a cost of $210,000 into 600,000 ounces of floor cleaner and 300,000 ounces of table cleaner. The floor cleaner has no market value until it is converted into a polish with the trade name Floor Shine. The additional processing costs for this conversion amount to $240,000. Floor Shine sells at $20 per 30-ounce bottle. The table cleaner can be sold for $17 per 25-ounce bottle. However, the table cleaner can be converted into two other products by adding 300,000 ounces of another compound (TCP) to the 300,000 ounces of table cleaner. This joint process will yield 300,000 ounces each of table stain remover (TSR) and table polish (TP). The additional processing costs for this process amount to $100,000. Both table products can be sold for $14 per 25-ounce bottle. The company decided not to process the table cleaner into TSR and TP based on the following analysis. Instructions 1.                 Determine if management made the correct decision to not process the table cleaner further by doing the following. 1.     Calculate the company's total weekly gross profit assuming the table cleaner is not processed further. 2.     Calculate the company's total weekly gross profit assuming the table cleaner is processed further. (2) Gross profit $186,000 3.     Compare the resulting net incomes and comment on management's decision. 2.                 using incremental analysis, determine if the table cleaner should be processed further.   E8-2 Eckert Company is involved in producing and selling high-end golf equipment. The company has recently been involved in developing various types of laser guns to measure yardages on the golf course. One small laser gun, called Little Laser, appears to have a very large potential market. Because of competition, Eckert does not believe that it can charge more than $90 for Little Laser. At this price, Eckert believes it can sell 100,000 of these laser guns. Eckert will require an investment of $8,000,000 to manufacture, and the company wants an ROI of 20%. Instructions a. Determine the target cost for one Little Laser.   E8-6  Alma's Recording Studio rents studio time to musicians in 2-hour blocks. Each session includes the use of the studio facilities, a digital recording of the performance, and a professional music producer/mixer. Anticipated annual volume is 1,000 sessions. The company has invested $2,352,000 in the studio and expects a return on investment (ROI) of 20%. Budgeted costs for the coming year are as follows. a. Determine the total cost per session b. Determine the desired ROI per session c. Calculate the markup percentage on the total cost per session. d. Calculate the target price per session.   E8-9  Rey Custom Electronics (RCE) sells and installs complete security, computer, audio, and video systems for homes. On newly constructed homes it provides bids using time and material pricing. The following budgeted cost data are available.                                                                         Time Charges   Material Loading Charges Technicians' wages and benefits                      $150,000                                 — Parts manager's salary and benefits                  —                                            $34,000 Office employee's salary and benefits                    30,000                                              15,000 Other overhead                                                           15,000                                   42,000 Total budgeted costs                                        $195,000                                 $91,000   The company has budgeted for 6,250 hours of technician time during the coming year. It desires a $38 profit margin per hour of labor and an 80% profit on parts. It estimates the total invoice cost of parts and materials in 2017 will be $700,000. Instructions a. Compute the rate charged per hour of labor. b. Compute the material loading percentage. c. RCE has just received a request for a bid from Buil Builders on a $1,200,000 new home. The company estimates that it would require 80 hours of labor and $40,000 of parts. Compute the total estimated bill.   P8-5A  Gutierrez Company makes various electronic products. The company is divided into a number of autonomous divisions that can either sell to internal units or sell externally. All divisions are located in buildings on the same piece of property. The Board Division has offered the Chip Division $21 per unit to supply it with chips for 40,000 boards. It has been purchasing these chips for $22 per unit from outside suppliers. The Chip Division receives $22.50 per unit for sales made to outside customers on this type of chip. The variable cost of chips sold externally by the Chip Division is $14.50. It estimates that it will save $4.50 per chip of selling expenses on units sold internally to the Board Division. The Chip Division has no excess capacity. Instructions 1.     Calculate the minimum transfer price that the Chip Division should accept. Discuss whether it is in the Chip Division's best interest to accept the offer. 2.      Suppose that the Chip Division decides to reject the offer. What are the financial implications for each division, and for the company as a whole, of this decision?

[james1shields-blog]

For Order This And Any Other Test

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 Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1                                                                                                                                                           Solutions-1

 Chapter 1 Solutions

Review Questions

 1.       Which of the following is one of the three basic functions a computer performs? (Choose all that apply.)

 a.  Processing

 c.  Input

 e.  Output

 2.       The __________ executes instructions provided by computer programs.

 a.  CPU

 3.       When a CPU is composed of two or more processors, each one is referred to as a(n)

________.

 b.  Core

 4.       Which of the following is considered long-term storage? (Choose all that apply.)

 a.  Flash drive

 d.  Hard drive

 5.       Which motherboard component controls data transfers between memory, expansion slots, I/O devices, and the CPU?

 c.  Chipset

 6.       You want to purchase a new high-performance graphics card for your computer. Which type of connector should it have?

 d.  PCI-Express

 7.       The time it takes for read/write heads to move to the correct spot on the platter is the

____________.

 b.  Seek time

 8.       Which of the following is a task usually performed by the BIOS? (Choose all that apply.)

 a.  Perform a POST.

 d.  Begin the boot procedure.

 9.       Place the following steps of the boot procedure in order.

 a. The OS is loaded into RAM.

 b.  CPU starts.

 c.  OS services are started.

 d.  Power is applied.

 e.  The POST is executed.

 f.  Boot devices are searched.

 Answer: d, b, e, f, a, c

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1                                                                                                                                                           Solutions-2

 10.    Which of the following is a critical service provided by the OS? (Choose all that apply.)

 b. Memory management

 d.  File system

 11.    An OS’s capability to run more than one application or process at the same time is referred to which of the following?

 c.  Multitasking

 12.    You have just installed a new NIC in your PC to replace the old one that had started malfunctioning. What additional software must be installed to allow the OS to communicate with the new NIC?

 b.  Device driver

 13.    Which of the following requests information stored on another computer?

 b.  Network client

 14.    Choose the correct order for the process of a user attempting to access network resources:

 1.       Network protocol

 2.       Application

 3.       Network client

 4.       NIC driver

 d.  2, 3, 1, 4

 15.    TCP/IP is an example of which of the following?

 d.  Network protocol

 16.    In network communication, the ______________ address is used to deliver a frame to the correct computer on the network. (Choose all that apply.)

 a.  MAC

 d.  Physical

 17.    A(n) ______________ message is used to determine whether a computer is listening on the network.

 b.  Ping

 18.    TCP/IP uses _________ to look up a computer’s IP address, given its name.

 a.  DNS

 19.    The unit of information containing MAC addresses and an error-checking code that’s processed by the network interface layer is referred to as a

 _______________.

 c.  Frame

 20.    Data is processed from the time an application creates it to the time it reaches the network medium. This process includes adding information such as addresses and is called which of the following?

 b.  Encapsulation

 21.    You’re the network administrator for a company that has just expanded from one floor to two floors of a large building, and the number of workstations you need has

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1                                                                                                                                                           Solutions-3

 doubled from 50 to 100. You're concerned that network performance will suffer if you add computers to your existing LAN. In addition, new users will be working in a separate business unit, and there are reasons to logically separate the two groups of computers. What type of network should you configure?

 c.  Internetwork

 22.    Which of the following best describes a client?

 b.  A computer’s primary role in the network is to run user applications and access network resources.

 23.    You work for a small company with four users who need to share information on their computers. The budget is tight, so the network must be as inexpensive as possible. What type of network should you install?

 b.  Peer-to-peer network

 24.    Which of the following characteristics is associated with a peer-to-peer network? (Choose all that apply.)

 a.  Decentralized data storage

 b.  Inexpensive

 c.  User-managed resources

 25.    A device interconnects five computers and a printer in a single office so that users can share the printer. This configuration is an example of which of the following?

 a.  LAN

 26.    At Yavapai College, the Prescott and Prescott Valley campuses (8 miles apart) have LANs connected via the local phone company. This configuration is an example of which of the following? (Choose the best answer.)

 a.  MAN

 27.    You have installed Windows Server 2008 on a new server and want to centralize user logons and security policies. What type of software should you install and configure on this server?

 d.  Directory services

 28.    Peer-to-peer networks aren’t suitable in which of the following situations?

 a. Tight security is required.

 29.    Which of the following best describes a storage area network?

 b.  Uses high-speed networking technologies to give servers fast access to large amounts of disk storage

 30.    Why might Windows 7 or Windows Vista require more RAM or disk space than Windows Server 2008?

 d.  They support a graphics-intensive user interface.

 Hands-On Projects

 Hands-On Project 1-1

 Step 2: Steps of the boot procedure:

 1.       Power is applied to the motherboard.

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1                                                                                                                                                           Solutions-4

 2.       CPU starts.

 3.       CPU carries out BIOS startup routines, include the POST. Step 5: Final steps of the boot procedure:

4.       Boot devices are searched for an OS.

 5.       The OS is loaded into RAM.

 6.       OS services are started.

 Hands-On Project 1-3

 Step 5:

 •          Word-processing program: User application

 •          NIC displayed in the Connect using text box: Network interface

 •          Client for Microsoft Networks: Network software

 •          File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks: Network software

 •          Internet Protocol Version 4: Network protocol

 Hands-On Project 1-5

 Step 2: workgroup, peer-to-peer

 Hands-On Project 1-6

 Step 10: File sharing, peer-to-peer

 Case Projects

 Case Project 1-1

 A server-based network is the best choice. A peer-to-peer network might work for now, but when new employees are hired, a peer- to-peer network would be too difficult to manage. The key is that easy backup and centralized storage for files point to a server-based network.

 Case Project 1-2

 Because employees must be able to control access to their own resources, a peer-to-peer model works best. Supplies will likely include NICs, cabling, and a switch. Students should state they need to configure file shares and possibly create user accounts on the computers to allow access by other users. They might also need to configure IP address settings, although self-configuring addresses could be used.

 Case Project 1-3

 An internetwork is called for because LANs in the same building are being connected. A router is probably needed for communication between LANs on the two floors.

 Case Project 1-4

 A personal area network (PAN)

 Case Project 1-5

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1                                                                                                                                                           Solutions-5

 Answers will vary.