#South Dakota Class (1920)

[lonestarbattleship]

Gun barrels lay outside of the Washington Navy Yard. Likely these are the 16-inch/50-caliber guns intended for the South Dakota Class (1920) and the Lexington Class Battlecruisers.

Date: February 10, 1922

Library of Congress: LC-F81- 17608

[lothlorienlover]

Workers at the Bethlehem Steel Factory have their picture taken atop one of the triple 16"/50 turrets built for the South Dakota class dreadnought USS Massachusetts (BB-54) in 1920.

[judgemark45]

The South Dakota class was ordered in the context of global naval rearmament during the breakdown of the Washington treaty system that had controlled battleships construction during the 1920s and early 1930s. Under the Washington and London treaties, so-called treaty battleships were limited to a standard displacement of 35,000 long tons (36,000 t) and a main battery of 14-inch (360 mm) guns. In 1936, following Japan's decision to abandon the treaty system, the United States Navy decided to invoke the "escalator clause" in the Second London treaty that allowed displacements to rise to 45,000 long tons (46,000 t) and armament to increase to 16 in (410 mm) guns. Congressional objections to increasing the size of the new ships forced the design staff to keep displacement as close to 35,000 LT as possible while incorporating the larger guns and armor sufficient to defeat guns of the same caliber.

Indiana was 680 feet (210 m) long overall, displaced 44,519 long tons (45,233 t) at full combat load, a top speed of 27.5 knots (50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph and armed with a main battery of nine 16"/45 caliber Mark 6 guns[a] guns in three triple-gun turrets on the centerline, two of which were placed in a superfiring pair forward, with the third aft.

[nebris]

The first South Dakota class was a group of six battleships that were laid down in 1920 for the U.S. Navy, but were never completed. They would have been the largest, most heavily armed and armored battleships in the world and, designed to achieve 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph), represented an attempt to catch up with the increasing fleet speeds of its main rivals, the British Royal Navy and Imperial Japanese Navy.

The South Dakotas were authorized in 1917, but work was postponed so that the U.S. Navy could incorporate information gained from the Battle of Jutland, fought in mid-1916, in their design. Work was further postponed to give destroyers and other small fighting vessels priority as they were needed urgently to fight German U-boats in the North Atlantic. Construction started only in 1920. As the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 both restricted the total battleship tonnage allowed the U.S. Navy, and limited individual ship size to 35,000 long tons (36,000 t), construction was halted in early 1922. The unfinished hulls were scrapped the following year, the guns were transferred to the U.S. Army and their boilers and armor were used to modernize older battleships.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota-class_battleship_(1920)

[uispeccoll]

#VoicesFromTheStacks

Janet Kimpston, an Iowan hailing from the city of Elkader, was born in 1895. In her mid-20s, she attended the State University of Iowa (now the University of Iowa) from 1919 to 1921.

 Her papers provide a brief glimpse into student life--particularly for young women--at the university in this era. While pursuing her English degree, Kimpston's courses ranged across academic disciplines, including Latin, literary courses on Whitman and Shakespeare, and a home economics course on sewing. Enrolling in geology courses, Kimpston was one of several female students who participated in field courses in 1920 and 1921 in the Midwest and the Black Hills of South Dakota. During field work in the Black Hills in 1920, Janet met Nathaniel Herz, her future husband; the couple would reside in South Dakota after marrying.

Situated in our stacks in the University Archives’ Student Life record group, this collection features ephemera from student life--class notes, projects, and materials from her typography field work. From a scrapbook containing sewing samples and necessary knowhow for darning lace, to book reviews, Latin transcriptions, and geological mapping, Kimpston’s collections speaks of a driven student and adventurer. 

Janet Kimpston Herz Papers  (RG02.0009.012)

Finding Aid  

--Laura 

[sn369comco]

인터넷바카라 Strategy - Playing Safe #481

Typically, customers must deposit accounts with the operators of such casinos in order to wager (most American credit card companies refuse to validate online gambling transactions). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?search=안전메이저놀이터 This means that unlike any of the Class II states (which have a fixed number of winners, analogous to scratch cards), Oregon and South Dakota lottery players compete against a house edge rather than other lottery players. These are the Arms of the chapter of the cathedral at Metz who owned the lordship, together with a stemmed glass symbolising the crystal glass industry. Brian Kieffer  (2011-06-17)   Marsha Falco's  SET® cards  (1974) What's the probability of having no valid "set" among  9  random cards? The modern  SET®  playing cards form an 81-card deck with a regular ternary structure, used to play a totally new species of games.  It's also a good pretext to practice some challenging  combinatorial calculus.Since 1991, SET decks have been published by  Set Entreprises, a family business now owned and operated by  Colette Falco,  daughter of Marsha and Robert Falco.Each card is uniquely identified by the four following 3-valued attributes.  The  81-card  deck covers all possibilities once and only once  (81 = 34 ).Number :  one, two or three (identical) symbols.Shape :  squiggles, diamonds or ovals.Color :  red, green or purple.Shading :  solid, striped or open  (a.k.a. "empty").By definition, a  valid set  consists of 3 cards which, for every attribute, have either identical values or pairwise distinct ones.  To put it in a nutshell, three cards do  not  form a  "set"  when  "two are of one kind and the third isn't"

The probability of a player hitting all 20 numbers on a 20 spot ticket is 1 in 3,535,316,142,212,174,320. Eleven of these pairs have identical tiles, and five of these pairs are made up of two tiles that score the same, but look different. (The latter group includes the Gee Joon tiles, which can score the same, whether as three or six.) Baccarat lies in the district (arrondissement) of Lunéville in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. They come in decks of 24 no 2s to 8s, 32 no 2s to 6s, or 52 cards, the latter of which may have up to three jokers in some countries.

Here's an inspiring story for aspiring gamblers and small business owners: the founder of FedEx saved his floundering company by gambling in Vegas, earning $27,000 in blackjack! The pioneers of the Las Vegas casino industry weren't all male mobsters: the first legal casino license was issued to a woman named Mayme Stocker in 1920 for the Northern Club. In Tokyo, the special prize exchange is handled exclusively by the Tokyo Union Circulation [jp] company (known as TUC), which sells pachinko and slot parlors gold slivers in standardized plastic cases, which it buys back from winning customers at its "TUC Shop" windows. For example, the king of clubs represents Alexander the Great, who became king of Macedonia in 336 BCE and was one of the most influential commanders in history.

What people may not realize is that slot machines, video poker machines and other electronic gaming devices make up the bulk of all that economic activity. As casinos do not allow any kind of computers, a graphical user interface would be of no usage anyway.A put bet is a bet which allows players to increase or make a Pass line bet after a point has been established (after come-out roll). In the example above, 26 hits 4 stations - 2 different corners, 1 split and 1 six-line. The dealer takes the number 4, multiplies it by 30 and adds the remaining 8 to the payout: 4 × 30 = 120, 120 + 8 = 128. If calculated as stations, they would just multiply 4 by 36, making 144 with the players bet down.

The works became a crystal glassworks in 1817 and was sold to the Compagnie des Cristalleries in 1881 subsequently achieving worldwide fame under the name of Baccarat. There’s no comparing the Bellagio in Las Vegas to a riverfront casino in New Orleans, and there’s no comparing that to a super-casino in glitzy, glamorous Macau.Special prizes are awarded to the player in amounts corresponding to the number of balls won. Odds behind Pass, Come, Don't Pass and Don't Come may be however larger than the odds offered allows and can be greater than the table maximum in some casinos.

Don't tip with the expectation that the dealer will bend house rules on when to shuffle; tip for service with a smile. They very often also offer regular poker tables, where patrons play each other while the casino makes its profit either by taking a portion of each pot or by charging an hourly fee. 샌즈카지노 Poker has many variations,[2][3] all following a similar pattern of play[4] and generally using the same hand ranking hierarchy. There are four main families of variants, largely grouped by the protocol of card-dealing and betting: Another variation uses a red and a blue deck of 36 custom playing cards each. Each card has a picture of a two-die roll on it – from 1–1 to 6–6. The shooter shoots what looks like a red and a blue die, called "cubes".

A new warden from California shut it down that year, saying gambling was a "degradation" to the inmates. This is where his cook started to put meat in two pieces of bread which allowed him to enjoy his game while being able to enjoy his game.The minimum bet is five of the minimum units. For example, if the minimum single roll bet is $1, the minimum World/Whirl bet is $5. Horn bets are generally required to be in multiples of 4 or 5 with the minimum bet being 4 times the minimum unit allowed.

Over the past few decades, casinos have developed many different marketing techniques for attracting and maintaining loyal patrons. The dealer will put an "Off" button on the player's specific bet or bets; this allows the player to keep his chips on the board without a live wager.It also exists in many other countries. Tourism, as a significant form of human activity, can have major impacts.

[lamentedsorcerer]

In honor of graduation pt 2

Additional quotes from my American history 2 . I'll call my teacher P

"History doesn't repeat, but it rhymes" -P

"Angsty Cynicism" (Gen X) -P

"The rule of it was, get ready to be Crushed" -P

"S. A. Freaking. T." "They dropped the Freaking pretty soon"-P

"Man if I have any more press conferences I won't have time to have more sex!" (Misquote of FDR) -P

(someone asked if it was North or South Dakota) "It doesn't matter no one is going to a Dakota" -P

"No my bread can't be fresh! I need my bread warm and burnt I Neeed it" (toaster) -P

"One day I'm going to be too old and not want to show up, that's called retirement" -P

"..Yeeah seee. That's how I think everyone talked in the 1920s." -P

"Why?" -student

"I don't know, Cigars" -P

"Piece of fire" -P

"Parker is proudly ruining this country" -P *Parker dabs*

"They die" -student

"You don't die when you lose stocks" -P

"Chicago... I'll take it *shrugs*. I'll buy it" (Kennedy's misquote) -P

(Hoover Vacuums) "They suck" -P

"He was like the Grinch, who Stole.. everything.." -P

"You don't get to go skiing in Talhow or Vale or wherever skiing takes place" -P

"AaGgLA A BLaMESTH" -student

"AgLA BLA MeStAblEH?? Is that a word?" -P

Adolescent males "they're like goats" -P

"We're talking about the Nazis.. let's make it festive" -P

"whenever there's a problem throughout Europe you will see the blame consistently fall squarely on the Jewish" -P

"the rent is too damn high party" (political party) -P

Trump- "unexecutive ordered all of Obama's executive orders" -P

"The 10th largest economy in the world is going to siink peacefully~ into the ocean" (California) -P

"it's just California, California is all that matters" -P

"How many of you watch football?" -P

"Not intentionally~" -student

"Yeah is just like chess.. but with human death" -P

(someone complains about the history being too violent) "What about when we looked at Coney Island? That wasn't violent" -P

*Beach shows up on screen* "Yaaas Beeach" - student

"we won't be alive to see it" (WWIII)

"Yeah you won't be alive when it ends either" -P

"back to this guy with a corn cob pipe into pieces of brain sticking out of his face" -P

"Watching Netflix in the skyy" -student

"Aircraft carriers don't fly" -P

"It's weird you guys don't have some Arch Enemy that is fought by Rocky or something" (Rocky and Bullwinkle fighting the communists) -P

"we will melt your cities and there is nothing you can do..." (USA to Soviet Union) -P

(someone asks how he played the harmonica)

"I think to play the harmonica you have to have lungs" -P

"Blessing's nickname is ew" -P *Blessing gently knocks his 3 papers over and gently sets the trash can and his fake education license on the floor*

"If I could lower her grade anymore, I would.." (about Blessing) -P

"Well you can't lower a zero" -P

"You are more than a number. Don't be the statistics, but know rhe statistics." -P

"They're not roommates. They're independent nations. And they're not looking for roommates" -P

"I knew as soon as I said 'seafoam'~ I knew this class can't handle 'seafoam'" -P (describing the color of something)

"Not in his mind. I don't think he has the ability to self-reflect" (Trump) -P

"He just changes reality" (Trump) -P

"And now humans can throw shit into Space

SPACE"

-P

"we are not don't doing any business with them" (Cuba) -P

"Where the hell am I? I don't know. It's the Suburbs! A Void of Nothingness. Of monotony" -P

"A bird!; Have you ever seen a bird before?" -P

[bisexual-in-every-gender]

bolding survey

You know someone bisexual

You know someone who’s Muslim

You know someone who because of their beliefs, don’t celebrate Halloween

You know sign language

You have been to Chicago

You have been to Las Vegas

You have been to Miami

You live in Arkansas

You live in Texas

You live in North Dakota

You have been called a redneck

You have ridden in a small vehicle with 10+ people crammed into it

You have been somewhere and had your ride leave without you

You have accepted a ride home from someone you barely knew

You were in a relationship at this time 1 year ago

You were in a relationship 6 months ago

You were in a relationship 1 month ago

You have bought helium balloons just to make funny voices with them

You have gotten a speeding ticket

You own a t-shirt that supports your favorite band

You have won free tickets to a concert

You have won money from scratch-off cards

You have bought cigarettes when you were underage

You use hairspray on a daily basis

You have argued with someone today

You believe in love at first sight

You are a vegan

You are Wiccan

You have played with a Ouija board

You have visited somewhere said to be ‘haunted’

You drive a vehicle newer than a 2006 (yup, a 2020 one! Basically *almost* brand new)

You own a digital camera

You have taken photographs of yourself simply because you were bored

If you could, you would spend a week in the 1920’s

You would rather vacation at a ski resort over a beach house

You have been on a cruise in the Caribbean

You are lactose intolerant

You sunburn easily

You have freckles

You have a birthmark

You have questioned your beliefs

You have questioned your sexuality

You are emancipated from your parents

You live on your own

You live with a boyfriend/girlfriend

You live with at least 3 roommates

Your mom was a teen when she had you

You are adopted

You have considered adoption in your future

You want more than four kids

You don’t want kids

You have children already

You model your life after someone you look up to

You have had a crush on a celebrity

You watch a certain tv show religiously

You know the Lord’s Prayer by heart

You believe in purgatory

You have been to a Bar Mitzvah

You didn’t pass the first time you took your driving test

You remember exactly where you were and what you were doing on Sept. 11th

You got detention

You know how to knit

You can drive a stick shift

You have broke curfew

You have graffiti-ed something

You own an umbrella

You are dating the last person you kissed

You have kissed someone in the last 24 hours

You have kissed more than 3 people in the last year

Your last missed call was from a relative

You have driven somewhere today

You know someone who works at McDonald’s

You are diabetic

You are hypoglycemic

You wear glasses/contacts

You have braces

You are pregnant

You are wearing shorts

You are wearing at least 3 pieces of jewelry at the moment

You have let someone use you, when you knew they were

You have done something you really regret

You have told someone something you really wish you could take back

You have done something that ruined a friendship

You are on non-speaking terms with a relative

You have taken back an ex

You have been taken back by an ex

You have dumped someone and later wondered if it was the right thing

You have broken someone’s heart

You had your heart broken

You have ignored someone who liked you in favor of someone you liked more

You have accidentally led someone on

You have intentionally led someone on

You have been led on

You have been hit on by someone of the same sex

You have continued to see someone knowing they weren’t looking to date

You have received a love letter

You have had a secret admirer

You know someone with the same name as you

You know someone with the same first & last name as you

You know someone with the same birthday as you

You know someone with the same birthday/birth year as you

You have been told you looked like a certain celebrity

You are taller than your mom

You are taller than your dad

You are a legal adult

You are currently attending a four-year university

You are a psychology major

You are an education major

You are a business major

You are a criminal justice major

You have had a Mr. Lewis as a teacher

You have had a Mrs. Brown as a teacher

You know someone with the last name ‘Harper’

You know someone named ‘Muhammad’

You go to school with a ‘Travis’

You work with a ‘Heather’

You have dated a ‘Gavin’

You have held hands with a ‘Brett’

You have hugged a ‘Megan’

You have went out to eat with a ‘Wyatt’

You have been to the movies with a ‘Stephanie’

You are related to a ‘Jason’

You have a sister named ‘Breanna’

You have a brother named ‘Adam’

You have an aunt named ‘Carrie’

You have an uncle named ‘Kevin’

You have rode in a car with a ‘Rachel’

You have flirted with a ‘Brock’

Your favorite season is Winter

Your favorite color is Green

Your lucky number is 7

Your favorite animal is a Panda Bear

You saw your favorite movie in theaters

You have been to a concert of your favorite band

You have a cold at the moment

You live north of Phoenix, AZ

You live south of Detroit, MI

You live west of St. Louis, MO

You live east of Denver, CO

You have visited all 50 states

You have visited all 48 contiguous states

You have walked around town after midnight

You have been stuck on a Ferris wheel when it started storming

You have seen a tornado

You have been in a hurricane

You have thrown up in a restaurant

You have passed out in a public place

You couldn’t live without your caffeine

You have been to the emergency room more than 5 times

You have slept more than 24 hours in one sleep session

You have received a compliment today

You have given someone a false phone number so they couldn’t call you

You have introduced yourself with a name other than your own

You have given out someone else’s phone number than your own

You have convinced someone you had a twin

You have convinced someone you had a sibling that didn’t really exist

You have taken someone’s virginity

You have gotten in the car and drove off with no destination in mind

You have taken the long way home just so you could jam out to some tunes

You have thought of taking up a hippie-care-free lifestyle

You have seriously considered legally changing your name

You have walked around in your underwear when no one was home

You have gambled online

You have fallen for someone you told yourself you wouldn’t fall for

You have smoked a whole pack of cigarettes in a matter of hours

You have drank so much you blacked out

You have been bit by a snake

You have been bit by a dog

You wish at 11:11

You have found a four leaf clover

You pick up pennies for good luck

You don’t really believe in luck

You have remained good friends with an ex

You have been a flower girl/ring bearer in a wedding

You have been a best man/ maid of honor in a wedding

You have been to a funeral this year

You have been to a baby shower this year

You have been to a bachelor/bachelorette party this year

You have been to a 21st birthday party this year

You have been to a graduation party this year

You have been to a going away party this year

You have been to an anniversary party this year

You love the smell of fresh-cut grass

You have seen a sunset and then stayed awake to see the following sunrise

You have borrowed someone’s coat/sweatshirt and never gave it back

You have used an excuse (cold, scared, etc.) to get to cuddle with someone

You have died in a dream

You have gotten a call from someone and wondered how they got your number

You have laughed out loud at something you were thinking of

You have gotten lost and ended up in at a completely different destination

You have run out of gas before

You have done something just because you knew you weren’t supposed to

You have been grounded for longer than a month

You have babysat more than one child under 10 at a time

You have called in sick to work because you were hungover

You have stared at the dots on your ceiling and saw pictures in them

You have stayed more than 3 days in the hospital

You have pretended to be something you weren’t for someone else

You have danced in front of the mirror in private

You have dialed a wrong number and it turned out to be someone you knew

You have been to the Atlantic ocean

You have told someone you were fine when you really weren’t

You have copied someone else’s homework

You have read an entire book in one sitting

You have spent more than $100 on a pair of jeans

You have taken gymnastics

You have taken a karate class

You have taken a yoga class

You have written something on a dollar bill

You have eaten peanut butter right out of the jar

You have drank milk straight from the carton

You have tried roasting marshmallows using a candle flame

You feel like you have no life because you completed this 

[abbie-attrid]

US Suffrage Movement Timeline, 1895 to 1966

1895 Elizabeth Cady Stanton publishes The Woman’s Bible, a critical examination of the Bible’s teaching about women. The NAWSA censures the work.

1900 Anthony resigns as president of the NAWSA and is succeeded by Carrie Chapman Catt.

1902 October 26: Elizabeth Cady Stanton dies. Women of Australia are enfranchised.

1903 Carrie Chapman Catt resigns as president of the NAWSA and Anna Howard Shaw becomes president.

1906 March 13: Susan B. Anthony dies. Women of Finland are enfranchised.

1907 Harriet Stanton Blatch, daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, founds the Equality League of Self-Supporting Women, later called the Women’s Political Union.

1908 March 8: International Women’s Day is celebrated for the first time.

1910 The Women’s Political Union holds its first suffrage parade in New York City.

1911 National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage is founded.

1912 Suffrage referendums are passed in Arizona, Kansas, and Oregon.

1913 Alice Paul organizes a suffrage parade in Washington, DC, the day of Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration.

1914 Montana and Nevada grant voting rights to women. Alice Paul and Lucy Burns organize the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. It merges in 1917 with the Woman’s Party to become the National Woman’s Party.

1915 Suffrage referendum in New York State is defeated. Carrie Chapman Catt is elected president of the NAWSA. Women of Denmark are enfranchised.

1916 Jeannette Rankin, a Republican from Montana, is elected to the House of Representatives and becomes the first woman to serve in Congress. President Woodrow Wilson addresses the NAWSA.

1917 Members of the National Woman’s Party picket the White House. Alice Paul and ninety-six other suffragists are arrested and jailed for “obstructing traffic.” When they go on a hunger strike to protest their arrest and treatment, they are force-fed. Women win the right to vote in North Dakota, Ohio, Indiana, Rhode Island, Nebraska, Michigan, New York, and Arkansas.

1918 Women of Austria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, Scotland, and Wales are enfranchised. House of Representatives passes a resolution in favor of a woman suffrage amendment. The resolution is defeated by the Senate.

1919 Women of Azerbaijan Republic, Belgium, British East Africa, Holland, Iceland, Luxembourg, Rhodesia, and Sweden are enfranchised. The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution granting women the vote is adopted by a joint resolution of Congress and sent to the states for ratification. July 2: Anna Howard Shaw dies. New York and twenty-one other states ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.

1920 Henry Burn casts the deciding vote that makes Tennessee the thirty-sixth, and final state, to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment. August 26: The Nineteenth Amendment is adopted and the women of the United States are finally enfranchised.

1923 At the 75th anniversary of the Seneca Falls convention, Alice Paul proposes an Equal Rights Amendment to remedy inequalities not addressed in the 19th Amendment.

Late 1920s Many states continue to bar women from jury duty and public office. Widows succeed their husbands as governors of Texas and Wyoming. Middle-class women attend college and enter labor force. Anticipated “women’s vote” fails to materialize by end of decade.

1933 Frances Perkins is appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as first female Secretary of Labor. In the New Deal years, at urging of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and Democratic women’s leader Molly Dewson, many women gain positions in federal social service bureaus, including Mary McLeod Bethune, director of the Negro Affairs Division of the National Youth Administration.

1936 Federal court rules birth control legal for its own sake, rather than solely for prevention of disease.

1941 United States enters World War II. Millions of women are recruited for defense industry jobs in war years and become significant parts of labor force. WAC and WAVE are established as first women’s military corps.

1947 Percentage of women in the labor force declines as women leave jobs to get married and to make way for returning soldiers. By end of decade, numbers of workingwomen are again on the increase.

1952 Democratic and Republican parties eliminate women’s divisions.

1955 Civil Rights movement escalates in the South; Septima Clark and others lead sit-ins and demonstrations, providing models for future protest strategies.

1960 FDA approves birth control pills.

1961 President’s Commission on the Status of Women is established, headed by Eleanor Roosevelt. Commission successfully pushes for passage in 1963 of Equal Pay Act, first federal law to require equal compensation for men and women in federal jobs.

1963 Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique articulates dissatisfaction about limits on women.

1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits job discrimination on the basis of race or sex and establishes Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to address discrimination claims.

1966 National Organization for Women, founded by Betty Friedan and associates, promotes child care for working mothers, abortion rights, the Equal Rights Amendment, and “full participation in the mainstream of American society now.”

[lonestarbattleship]

Dredgers from N.W. H.P. Converse Co. removing soil to create a new pier at the Norfolk Navy Yard, Virginia.

Note: in the background, workers are laying the keel of NORTH CAROLINA (BB-52).

Photographed on February 7, 1920.

NARA: 52559245

[newyorkprelawland-blog]

The Controversial History Of Mount Rushmore

By Olaa Mohamed, Cornell University Class of 2021

July 22, 2020

With the annual Independence Day fireworks celebration taking place at Mount Rushmore, after a decade long suspension for environmental concerns, the controversial history of the monument has resurfaced in the media.[1] While the national monument is often considered to honor some of the country’s greatest presidents, its history holds another meaning to its Native American population. To many of them, Mount Rushmore is considered a representation of white domination and supremacy on sacred ground. The monument has always been greatly contested by the Native American tribes of the area, but now more than ever, with nationwide removal of Confederate and pre-Civil War monuments in the wake of the Black Lives Matter movement, they are calling for the land to be returned back to them.

The faces of Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln were carved onto the Black Hills of South Dakota from 1927 to 1941.[2] The Black Hills are considered a “deeply sacred place of spiritual and cultural significance” to nearly 60 Native tribes of the area and belong to Sioux Nation as a part of the Great Sioux Reservation, according to the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868.[2] Despite the fact that the Black Hills were established as Native land, the discovery of gold in the area attracted many miners and led to an expedition headed by Gen. George Custer in 1874.[3] The Native tribes attempted to fight off the settlers but were unsuccessful, as they were under the threat of starvation. An “agreement”, in which the government would provide Native Americans with food, in subsistence rations, in exchange for the rights to the Black Hills, was eventually presented to the Sioux Nation in 1876.[4] Although only 10% of the adult male Sioux population signed the “agreement”, it was accepted by Congress and put into law with the 1877 Act, effectively abrogating the Fort Laramie Treaty.[4] Years later, in 1920 “the Sioux brought suit in the Court of Claims, alleging that the Government had taken the Black Hills without just compensation, in violation of the Fifth Amendment”, however the Court of Claims ruled against them in 1942.[4] It was during this time period that the construction of Mount Rushmore took place, as the Black Hills were considered to be government property. Eventually, the case was brought up to court again and argued upon in the Supreme Court in 1980. In a 8 to 1 decision, the Court held that the taking of the Black Hills in the 1877 Act was “in exercise of Congress' power of eminent domain over Indian property” and that “the Sioux were entitled to an award of interest on the principal sum of $17.1 million”, dating from 1877.[4] This sum has now reached over $1 billion, however, rather than accepting the settlement as monetary compensation, the Sioux are demanding their land back. [5]

The history of Mount Rushmore symbolizes domination in Native American history, but its construction also symbolizes white supremacy in its glorification of the four presidents. While they may represent significant milestones in US history, they also carry with them deceptive legacies. Two of the four, Washington and Jefferson were slaveholders. Roosevelt “actively sought to Christianize and uproot Native Americans” and even made the following comment in a speech in 1886: “I don’t go so far as to think that the only good Indian is the dead Indian, but I believe nine out of every 10 are, and I shouldn’t like to inquire too closely into the case of the 10th.”[1] Even Lincoln, who is credited for the Emancipation Proclamation, has a dark past in Native history, as he condemned 38 Native Americans in the largest mass execution known.[1] Given this history, the chairman of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Harold Frazier, described the monument as a “brand on our flesh” and stated that while “visitors look upon the faces of those presidents and extol the virtues that they believe make America the country it is today...Lakota see the faces of the men who lied, cheated and murdered innocent people whose only crime was living on the land they wanted to steal.”[1] Nick Tilsen, the founder, CEO and president of the NDN Collective, a nonprofit organization supporting Indigenous people, further explained that “Indigenous people and my ancestors fought and died, and gave their lives to protect the sacred land, and to blow up a mountain and put the faces of four White men who were colonizers who committed genocide against Indigenous people -- the fact that we don't, as Americans, think of that as an absolute outrage is ridiculous."[2]

Tilsen also stressed the importance of giving the land back to its people in today's political climate as “there's an appetite to have a conversation about symbols of White supremacy, structural racism, and now we have to tear down these systems if we want to tear down White supremacy and structural racism in this country.”[2] He is clearly not alone in this belief, as dozens of protestors sharing his view blocked the roads leading to Mount Rushmore, on the day of the fireworks celebration, with signs saying phrases such as "Protect SoDak's First People," "You Are On Stolen Land," and "Dismantle White Supremacy."[5] While some of these Native Americans believe that the faces of Mount Rushmore should be taken down altogether, there are also others who believe that the monument should be used to tell the story of the people. In either case, the Sioux people want their land back, so they can decide for themselves how to move forward, and in legal terms, they are entitled to some sort of compensation.  

________________________________________________________________

1.       Pietsch, B., & Fortin, J. (2020, July 01). How Mount Rushmore Became Mount Rushmore. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/01/us/mount-rushmore.html

2.      Klein, B. (2020, July 04). Trump uses Mount Rushmore address to rail against removal of monuments. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/03/politics/trump-mount-rushmore-fireworks/index.html

3.      Kaczke, L., & Ellis, J. (2020, July 02). Oglala Sioux President says Mount Rushmore should be 'removed': What's behind the site's controversial history. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/politics/2020/06/25/mount-rushmore-oglala-sioux-president-removal-president-trump/3198922001/

4.      United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians, 448 U.S. 371 (1980), No. 79-639 (Justia, Dist. file). Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/448/371/

Collman, A. (2020, July 04). Native American protesters blocked the road leading up to Mount Rushmore and faced off with the National Guard in the hours before Trump's fiery speech. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from

https://www.businessinsider.com/native-americans-blocked-road-to-mount-rushmore-before-trump-speech-2020-7

[cksmart-world]

The completely unnecessary

new analysis

by Christopher Smart

April 21, 2020

TIME ONCE AGAIN FOR TAXPAYERS TO SAVE FAT CATS

Waiting for financial relief? Don't hold you're breath. Although Congress did pass the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act” (CARES), the legislation that was trumpeted as helping working families and small business, millions of people are still waiting for their checks. And don't look now but buried in that same bill is a huge benefit for wealthy business owners — tax relief of about $1.6 million to each of some 43,000 millionaires, who are too rich to get coronavirus stimulus checks. That's more than $70 billion. “It’s a scandal for Republicans to loot American taxpayers in the midst of an economic and human tragedy,” said Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse, Democrat of Rhoade Island. It gets better. Just hours after the Department of Labor announced another five million Americans lost their jobs last week, the fund to keep small businesses afloat had already run out of money because — you guessed it — the big boys got there first. The systems for giving money to individuals and small businesses have huge gaps, said Amanda Fischer of the Washington Center for Equitable Growth, in one of the biggest understatements of our time. “Yet it’s those same individual workers and small businesses that actually make our economy work,” she said. God bless America and keep voting Republican.

OPEN THE DAMN COUNTRY UP, YOU WHIMPS

Coronavirus is not that dangerous and damn it, let's open this economy up. We're tired of this lock-down stuff. And the economy is tanking. Listen to this: the regular old flu kills up to 60,000 a year. Car accidents kill about 40,000 people a year. And gun deaths are about 40,000, too. Shit happens. People die. But we got to get back to work, back to the beach, back to the bar, and back to the ballpark. And most important, Trump has to get reelected. Between March 19 and April 18 only 37,087 died of coronavirus in this country (perhaps more who didn't make it to the hospital). At that rate, it would only be 440,000 deaths this year. And just because over 600 employees at a South Dakota meat packing plant all got coronavirus in a matter of  a couple of weeks is no big deal. Sure, the virus spreads like wildfire but why should that stop Trump supporters and real Americans from going to church or the shooting range. Don't listen to Dr. Fauci, the expert epidemiologist who studies the spread of disease. Let's go with Dr. Phil, instead. He is a psychologist and can read cue cards quite well on TV. And Dr. Phil says, fuck it, get out there and live until you croak. Sure, you could bring the bug home to love ones and spread it to your friends, so their families can get it, too. But freedom means we can do whatever we want, no matter who it hurts.

COX AND HUNTSMAN PARROT TRUMP'S ECONOMIC BS

Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's got the most beautiful economic genius of them all. Sorry Donald, it ain't you. Every one of the six Republicans running for governor of Utah support Trump. The leaders of the pack, Spencer Cox and Jon Huntsman, recently explained that although Trump's moral compass is off, he's marshaled the best economy since who knows when. Hold your water, boys, you've fallen prey to Trump's rhetoric (That's the polite word for bullshit). They should know the numbers don't back him up. Trump's pre-coronavirus economy is pretty much the same as the one he inherited. When Obama took office the economy was in the depths of the Great Recession. But from 2014-2016 real GDP grew by 2.5 percent. From 2017-2019, under Trump, it grew by 2.6 percent. But as Brad Barth points out in The Salt Lake Tribune, under Trump the economy grew while the deficit rose by 68 percent, thanks in part to the $1.5 trillion tax cuts. At the same time, Trump rolled back some 58 environmental regulations on clean air, clean water and toxic substances. But even with all that, business investment turned negative for the last three quarters of 2019. Are Cox and Huntsman really that gullible, or are they playing politics at a time when we are dying for integrity. Either way, we lose.

CABIN FEVER TAKES A TOLL

After four or five weeks stuck at home, we've all gotten pretty casual and a little crazy. We're wearing jammies all day and eating Pop Tarts with Bud Light. Some haven't combed their hair or used deodorant since March 18. Wilson and the band call it Corona Crazy. That's apparently why the police department in Taneytown, Md. put out a warning to residents: “Please remember to put pants on before leaving the house to check your mailbox. You know who you are.” Of course, Taneytown doesn't have the corner on Corona Crazy. A woman in Murray reported that her neighbors leave the drapes wide open and the stereo blasting as they reenact “Jesus Christ Super Star” in nothing but Speedos and pasties. And a guy from South Ogden sent an email with an attachment showing how he, his roommates and their girlfriends celebrated Burning Man in their backyard with the aid of some mood enhancers. It turned out to be a bummer when the fire department arrived with a pumper truck. Apparently, there is a city ordinance against that. Who knew? Here at Smart Bomb, our psych department isn't much help, either. They recommend long baths with lots of children's floatable toys. For more information on wasting time, call the Utah Legislature at 801-538-1035.

Post script — Well that does it for another week In The Time of Covid, where you may have realized that working until 65 isn't all that bad. What the future holds is anything but certain. This country survived and thrived after the double-whammy of the Great Depression and World War II. Not so after the the First World War that ended about the time the Spanish Flu was ravaging the country. The U.S. death toll from that pandemic was about 675,000, more than five times the number of Americans who died in the war. Returning soldiers and sailors didn't have much to look forward to as the economy slipped into the depression of 1920-'21. We learned some hard lessons and when World War II ended our returning military men and women got help with college and mortgages. The huge federal government investments we made between 1935 and 1945 yielded the largest middle class in this nation's history. The country had gone deep into the red during that period but it yielded a workforce and economy that paid back the debt and went on to put us on a road to prosperity like we'd never seen. This, of course, flies in the face of Republican conservatism that disdains government programs and investment. They loathed FDR. But since Ronald Reagan workers have steadily lost ground and the middle class is shrinking. There are now at least 26 million Americans out of work. Once the coronavirus is contained we will face a long economic recovery that will take years. Will we remember the painful lessons of the last century or carry on as we did after the 2008 financial meltdown, where middle- and low-income workers never fully recovered. How much pain will it take for Congress to rise to the occasion is anyone's guess. We know Trump can't.

OK, Wilson, what do you and the guys have in your bag of tricks to help get us through this nightmare:

If you hear the song I sing / You will understand You hold the key to love and fear / All in your trembling hand Just one key unlocks them both / It's there at your command Come on, people now / Smile on your brother Everybody get together / Try to love one another right now...

(Jesse Colin Young and The Young Bloods, Get Together)

Addendum: During this difficult time for newspapers please make a donation to our very important local alternative news source Salt Lake City Weekly at PressBackers.com, a nonprofit dedicated to help fund local journalism. Thank you.

[nebris]

The first South Dakota class was a group of six battleships that were laid down in 1920 for the U.S. Navy, but were never completed. They would have been the largest, most heavily armed and armored battleships in the world and, designed to achieve 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph), represented an attempt to catch up with the increasing fleet speeds of its main rivals, the British Royal Navy and Imperial Japanese Navy.

The South Dakotas were authorized in 1917, but work was postponed so that the U.S. Navy could incorporate information gained from the Battle of Jutland, fought in mid-1916, in their design. Work was further postponed to give destroyers and other small fighting vessels priority as they were needed urgently to fight German U-boats in the North Atlantic. Construction started only in 1920. As the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 both restricted the total battleship tonnage allowed the U.S. Navy, and limited individual ship size to 35,000 long tons (36,000 t), construction was halted in early 1922. The unfinished hulls were scrapped the following year, the guns were transferred to the U.S. Army and their boilers and armor were used to modernize older battleships.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota-class_battleship_(1920)

[hmdtravelagencies]

Driving License Usa: Learn About Its History And Foreign Officials And Diplomats

In the United States, driver's licenses are given by every individual state, an area, and the District of Columbia as opposed to by the government due to the idea of federalism. Drivers are regularly required to get a license from their condition of living arrangement, and all states perceive each other's licenses for non-occupant age necessities. If you are willing to apply driving license online, then it is the right time to connect with an online agency who will help you apply and get driving license in a short period of time. They will deliver your driving license at your mentioned location in a proper manner. Apply it now!

A state may likewise suspend a person's driving benefit inside its fringes for a traffic infringement. Numerous states share a typical arrangement of license classes, with certain special cases.

History

As the number of engine vehicles arrived at many thousands, state and nearby governments accepted another power: approving vehicles and drivers. In 1901, New York turned into the main state to enroll cars; by 1918, all states required license plates. States were more slow to require licenses for drivers. Just 39 states gave them by 1935 and barely any necessary a test, regardless of across the board, worry about awkward drivers. Early drivers were educated to drive via car sales reps, family, and companions, or associations like the YMCA. By the 1930s, numerous secondary schools offered driver training.

Massachusetts and Missouri were the main states to require a driver's license in 1903. However, there was no test related to the license. "In 1908, Henry Ford propelled the Model T, the reasonable primary vehicle for some working-class Americans. (In 1919, when Ford's local territory of Michigan began giving driver's licenses, he got his initial one at age 56.) That year the Model T appeared, Rhode Island turned into the primary state to require both a license and a driver's test (Massachusetts established an escort test in 1907 and began requiring tests for every other driver in 1920). California, presently known for its car culture, began requiring licenses in 1913 and tests in 1927." It was not until 1959 that every one of the states required a license for the driver.

Foreign Officials And Diplomats

In an uncommon special case to states and regions giving driver's licenses, the State Department's Office of Foreign Missions (OFM) issues driver's licenses to foreign officials and diplomats, bypassing the states and regions where they live. OFM-gave driver licenses are proportional to a customary state-gave license.

Drivers Licensing Laws

The base age to acquire a confined driver's license in the United States changes from 14 years, a quarter of a year in South Dakota to as high as 17 in New Jersey. In many states, except for South Dakota, a graduated permitting law applies to recently licensed high school drivers, passing by names, for example,Provisional Driver, Junior Operator, Probationary Driver, or Intermediate License.

Get In Touch For More Information!

[janesheartus]

The Museum Of Geology: A Hidden Jewel In Rapid City, South Dakota

The Museum of Geology is located in Rapid City, at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, within the beautiful Black Hills. The museum includes rare fossils, mounted skeletons of dinosaurs, and other land and sea creatures, as well as a spectacular collection of minerals. It is the 30th stop in the travel series “Off The Beaten Path”.

The South Dakota School of Mines and Technology was founded in 1885. The historic focus of the institute, was on the area’s primary industry of mining. Over the subsequent years, it has evolved into one of the leading sciences and engineering universities in the region.

The geologic and paleontological collections have grown over the years, to an incredible assemblage of over 500,000 individual specimens.

Professor G.E. Bailey of Hill City provided over 5000 mineral and fossil samples, that formed the foundation for the Museum of Geology, which was founded the same year as the school.

Construction of the Old Prep Building also began in 1885, as a place to house the artifacts that were being collected for the museum.

In 1899, Dr. Cleophas C. O’Harra, the Professor of Geology and Mineralogy led the first school sponsored paleontology expedition into the Badlands of South Dakota.

An alligator snout found on the trip became the first specimen curated into the museum paleontology collection.

In 1903 the Museum of Geology along with the Department of Geology and Mineralogy, moves to the Main Building.

In 1923 the Museum of Geology opened to the public, attracting 4,000 visitors. The numbers would double the following year and reach 12,000 in 1925.

Throughout the 1920’s a number of important fossils would be discovered in the field and put on display.   This would include a nearly complete alligator sample, a large Xiphactinus (fish) skeleton and a Triceratops skull.

In 1942, the Museum exhibits are relocated to the third floor of the newly completed O’Harra building.

Two important additions to the paleontology collections were the 1945 discovery of a mosasaur fossil made by a schoolboy, and the 1949 detection of plesiosaur remains by a rancher.

The latter half of the 20th century saw an expansion of the museum collections, through further excavations and donations.

Further excavations would include camel skeletons and a tyrannosaurus skull.

A notable donation came from the estate of Harold J. Cook in 1965. A large assortment of books, maps, fossils, minerals, and rocks came into the possession of the museum.

A 1999, donation was made by Dr. Gail Bishop from Georgia Southern University. It contained a large collection of fossil decapods and associated archives.

A number of large endowments over the years, have helped contribute to the growth and educational purposes of the museum.

The Museum of Geology is the hidden jewel of the university. The mission of the institution has been to conserve the rich geological heritage of the state.

The museum has collected, researched and organized rare and often unique artifacts.

There are extensive exhibits that concentrate on paleontology.  These include mounted dinosaurs, mammals, White River Badlands, marine reptiles and fish.

The fossils are arranged in time specific dioramas.

Also, on display are mineral collections including the Hall of South Dakota Minerals, meteorites, ores and a particularly popular fluorescent mineral room. Guests are able to learn about minerals, including gems, crystals and the rocks they form.

A Kids’ Zone offers hands on experiences for younger visitors.

There are even opportunities for summer field paleo classes.

The James E. Martin Paleontology Research Laboratory is a 33,000 square foot facility, specifically built as a repository for the Museum of Geology collections and archives. The research activities in geology and paleontology conducted here, greatly enhance the mission of the museum to explore the natural history of Earth, through scientific inquiry.

Unfortunately, the research laboratory is not open for public tours.

Location 

The Museum of Geology in Rapid City, lies east of the Black Hills National Forest, in western South Dakota. It is known as a gateway to Mt. Rushmore. It is just south of Interstate 90. Rapid City is the second largest city in the state. The Museum is located on the 3rd floor of the O’Harra Building at the School of Mines and Technology.

Address

The Museum of Geology

501 East St. Joseph Street

Rapid City, South Dakota 57701

  Phone Number (605) 394-2467

Toll Free (800) 544 – 8162—–Extension 2467

  Email: museum@sdsmt.edu

  Website: museum.sdsmt.edu

  Museum Admission 

Free

  Days and Hours of Operations

  Summer Season: May 01 through August 31.

Monday through Saturday

9:00 AM. and 6:00 PM.

  Winter Season: September 01 through April 30.

Monday through Saturday

8:30 AM. and 4:00 PM.

  Closed Sundays and all Federal recognized Holidays.

  The Museum of Geology has full handicap access.

Guided tours are available for groups if arranged in advance.

  Gift Shop

Offers unique books, toys, apparel, gifts, geology tools and museum guide books.

  Lodging

Is available in Rapid City, just a few minutes from the Geology Museum.

  Helpful Hints

The Museum is less crowded during the earlier morning hours.

You should plan to spend at least an hour at the Geology Museum.

The post The Museum Of Geology: A Hidden Jewel In Rapid City, South Dakota appeared first on WanderingTrader.

from Updates By Jane Heart http://wanderingtrader.com/travel-blog/united-states/the-museum-of-geology-a-hidden-jewel-in-rapid-city-south-dakota/

[surveyhoursss]

115

You know someone bisexual

You know someone who’s Muslim

You know someone who because of their beliefs, don’t celebrate Halloween

You know sign language

You have been to Chicago

You have been to Las Vegas

You have been to Miami

You live in Arkansas

You live in Texas

You live in North Dakota

You have been called a redneck

You have ridden in a small vehicle with 10+ people crammed into it

You have been somewhere and had your ride leave without you

You have accepted a ride home from someone you barely knew

You were in a relationship at this time 1 year ago

You were in a relationship 6 months ago

You were in a relationship 1 month ago

You have bought helium balloons just to make funny voices with them

You have gotten a speeding ticket

You own a t-shirt that supports your favorite band

You have won free tickets to a concert

You have won money from scratch-off cards

You have bought cigarettes when you were underage

You use hairspray on a daily basis

You have argued with someone today

You believe in love at first sight

You are a vegan

You are Wiccan

You have played with a Ouija board

You have visited somewhere said to be ‘haunted’

You drive a vehicle newer than a 2006

You own a digital camera

You have taken photographs of yourself simply because you were bored

If you could, you would spend a week in the 1920’s

You would rather vacation at a ski resort over a beach house

You have been on a cruise in the Caribbean

You are lactose intolerant

You sunburn easily

You have freckles

You have a birthmark

You have questioned your beliefs

You have questioned your sexuality

You are emancipated from your parents

You live on your own

You live with a boyfriend/girlfriend

You live with at least 3 roommates

Your mom was a teen when she had you

You are adopted

You have considered adoption in your future

You want more than four kids

You don’t want kids

You have children already

You model your life after someone you look up to

You have had a crush on a celebrity

You watch a certain tv show religiously

You know the Lord’s Prayer by heart (aint even christian anymore ;w;)

You believe in purgatory

You have been to a Bar Mitzvah

You didn’t pass the first time you took your driving test

You remember exactly where you were and what you were doing on Sept. 11th

You got detention

You know how to knit

You can drive a stick shift

You have broke curfew

You have graffiti-ed something

You own an umbrella

You are dating the last person you kissed

You have kissed someone in the last 24 hours

You have kissed more than 3 people in the last year

Your last missed call was from a relative

You have driven somewhere today

You know someone who works at McDonald’s

You are diabetic

You are hypoglycemic

You wear glasses/contacts

You have braces

You are pregnant

You are wearing shorts

You are wearing at least 3 pieces of jewelry at the moment

You have let someone use you, when you knew they were

You have done something you really regret

You have told someone something you really wish you could take back

You have done something that ruined a friendship

You are on non-speaking terms with a relative

You have taken back an ex

You have been taken back by an ex

You have dumped someone and later wondered if it was the right thing

You have broken someone’s heart

You had your heart broken

You have ignored someone who liked you in favor of someone you liked more

You have accidentally led someone on

You have intentionally led someone on

You have been led on

You have been hit on by someone of the same sex

You have continued to see someone knowing they weren’t looking to date

You have received a love letter

You have had a secret admirer

You know someone with the same name as you

You know someone with the same first & last name as you

You know someone with the same birthday as you

You know someone with the same birthday/birth year as you

You have been told you looked like a certain celebrity

You are taller than your mom

You are taller than your dad

You are a legal adult

You are currently attending a four-year university

You are a psychology major

You are an education major

You are a business major

You are a criminal justice major

You have had a Mr. Lewis as a teacher

You have had a Mrs. Brown as a teacher

You know someone with the last name ‘Harper’

You know someone named ‘Muhammad’

You go to school with a ‘Travis’

You work with a ‘Heather’

You have dated a ‘Gavin’

You have held hands with a ‘Brett’

You have hugged a ‘Megan’

You have went out to eat with a ‘Wyatt’

You have been to the movies with a ‘Stephanie’

You are related to a ‘Jason’

You have a sister named ‘Breanna’

You have a brother named ‘Adam’

You have an aunt named ‘Carrie’

You have an uncle named ‘Kevin’

You have rode in a car with a ‘Rachel’

You have flirted with a ‘Brock’

Your favorite season is Winter

Your favorite color is Green

Your lucky number is 7

Your favorite animal is a Panda Bear

You saw your favorite movie in theaters

You have been to a concert of your favorite band

You have a cold at the moment

You live north of Phoenix, AZ

You live south of Detroit, MI

You live west of St. Louis, MO

You live east of Denver, CO

You have visited all 50 states

You have visited all 48 contiguous states

You have walked around town after midnight

You have been stuck on a Ferris wheel when it started storming

You have seen a tornado

You have been in a hurricane

You have thrown up in a restaurant

You have passed out in a public place

You couldn’t live without your caffeine

You have been to the emergency room more than 5 times

You have slept more than 24 hours in one sleep session

You have received a compliment today

You have given someone a false phone number so they couldn’t call you

You have introduced yourself with a name other than your own

You have given out someone else’s phone number than your own

You have convinced someone you had a twin

You have convinced someone you had a sibling that didn’t really exist

You have taken someone’s virginity

You have gotten in the car and drove off with no destination in mind

You have taken the long way home just so you could jam out to some tunes

You have thought of taking up a hippie-care-free lifestyle

You have seriously considered legally changing your name

You have walked around in your underwear when no one was home

You have gambled online

You have fallen for someone you told yourself you wouldn’t fall for

You have smoked a whole pack of cigarettes in a matter of hours

You have drank so much you blacked out

You have been bit by a snake

You have been bit by a dog

You wish at 11:11

You have found a four leaf clover

You pick up pennies for good luck

You don’t really believe in luck

You have remained good friends with an ex

You have been a flower girl/ring bearer in a wedding

You have been a best man/ maid of honor in a wedding

You have been to a funeral this year

You have been to a baby shower this year

You have been to a bachelor/bachelorette party this year

You have been to a 21st birthday party this year

You have been to a graduation party this year

You have been to a going away party this year

You have been to an anniversary party this year

You love the smell of fresh-cut grass

You have seen a sunset and then stayed awake to see the following sunrise

You have borrowed someone’s coat/sweatshirt and never gave it back

You have used an excuse (cold, scared, etc.) to get to cuddle with someone

You have died in a dream

You have gotten a call from someone and wondered how they got your number

You have laughed out loud at something you were thinking of

You have gotten lost and ended up in at a completely different destination

You have run out of gas before

You have done something just because you knew you weren’t supposed to

You have been grounded for longer than a month

You have babysat more than one child under 10 at a time

You have called in sick to work because you were hungover

You have stared at the dots on your ceiling and saw pictures in them

You have stayed more than 3 days in the hospital

You have pretended to be something you weren’t for someone else

You have danced in front of the mirror in private

You have dialed a wrong number and it turned out to be someone you knew

You have been to the Atlantic ocean

You have told someone you were fine when you really weren’t

You have copied someone else’s homework

You have read an entire book in one sitting

You have spent more than $100 on a pair of jeans

You have taken gymnastics

You have taken a karate class

You have taken a yoga class

You have written something on a dollar bill

You have eaten peanut butter right out of the jar

You have drank milk straight from the carton

You have tried roasting marshmallows using a candle flame

You feel like you have no life because you completed this