#Serum Biomarkers

[healixhospitals24]

Learn to interpret your liver function test results with our comprehensive guide. Understand commonly used liver tests and their implications for your health.

Do Visit: https://www.healixhospitals.com/blogs/reading-and-interpreting-your-liver-function-test-a-guide-to-commonly-used-liver-tests

[darkmaga-returns]

By GreenMedInfo Research Group

A new epidemiological study found that fluoride exposure from drinking water associates with decreased testosterone levels in young and middle-aged men.

Testosterone dropped most sharply in 18-39 year-olds based on fluoride burden. Surprisingly, in older men with higher fluoride exposure, testosterone increased with age instead of declining as expected. This complex relationship hints that fluoride may disrupt multiple hormonal pathways beyond the male reproductive axis.

A novel study reveals fluoride affects serum testosterone in a complex, age-specific manner, adding evidence that environmental toxicants may contribute to declining hormonal function in younger males.

Published in Biological Trace Element Research, the cross-sectional study examined fluoride exposure and two reproductive biomarkers, testosterone and androgen binding protein (ABP), in over 300 Chinese farmers.1 Scientists divided participants into higher and lower fluoride exposure groups based on urinary fluoride levels.

Compared to the lower exposure group, men with elevated fluoride measured significantly lower testosterone overall. This depletion was most pronounced in 18-39 year olds. Paradoxically, among higher-exposed middle aged and older men, testosterone increased slightly with age instead of undergoing the expected age-related decline.

Meanwhile, ABP remained unaffected across groups regardless of fluoride burden and age. As ABP governs testosterone transport and tissue uptake, results indicate fluoride direct

[covid-safer-hotties]

Reference archived on our website (click to see more than 1,000 open-access covid studies! Daily updates!)

This is just a pilot study, so it's hard to tell if there will be therapeutics derived from this, but it's interesting to see spa treatments pitched for releaving long-covid symptoms. This is the 3rd or 4th study in this area I've seen. Just kinda neat.

Abstract Background The long-COVID syndrome is characterised by a plethora of symptoms. Given its social and economic impact, many studies have stressed the urgency of proposing innovative strategies other than hospital settings. In this double-blind randomised case-control trial, we investigate the effects of sulfur thermal water inhalations, rich in H2S, compared to distilled water inhalations on symptoms, inflammatory markers, nasal microbiome in long-COVID patients.

Methods 30 outpatients aged 18-75, with positive diagnosis for long-COVID were randomised in two groups undergoing 12 consecutive days of inhalations. The active Group (STW) received sulfur thermal water inhalations whereas the placebo group received inhalations of sterile distilled non-pyrogenic water (SDW). Each participant was tested prior treatment at day 1 (T0), after the inhalations at day 14 (T1) and at 3 months follow-up (T2). At each time point, blood tests, nasal swabs for microbiome sampling, pulmonary functionality tests (PFTs) and pro-inflammatory marker measure were performed.

Results The scores obtained in the administered tests (6MWT, Borg score, and SGRQ) at T0, showed a significant variation in STW group, at T1 and T2. Serum cytokine levels and other inflammatory biomarkers reported a statistically significant decrease. Some specific parameters of PFT's showed ameliorations in STW group only. Changes in the STW nasopharyngeal microbiota composition were noticed, especially from T0 to T2.

Conclusions Inhalations of sulfur thermal water exerted objective and subjective improvements on subjects affected by long-COVID. Significant reduction of inflammatory markers, dyspnea scores and quantitative and qualitative changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome were also assessed.

[fivehundredwords]

Alzheimer's Disease: biomarkers and neuroimaging markers cheatsheet for research articles

As Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research skews toward understanding the brain than the pathogenic proteins, studies exploring biomarkers and neuroimaging are hopeful toward developing a method for successful prevention of AD. A biomarker is a molecule, whose presence indicates abnormality or disease, and thus, is crucial in diagnostic procedures. Levels of certain molecules is notably altered in cerebrospinal fluid and in blood plasma, which helps in diagnosing the occurrence of AD. Neuroimaging involves the use of techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography to observe neuronal activity in the brain. This is good news, especially for AD, as the asymptomatic stage of the disease can be identified early enough.

Although the exact function and involvement in clinical practice is not profuse, altered concentrations of these biomarkers in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid encourage further research:

Amyloid and tau serve as the unsurprising biomarkers of AD pathology.

Neurofilament-light chain (NF-L) and visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) are the most promising biomarkers of neuronal injury.

Post-synaptic protein neurogranin (Ng) and pre-synaptic proteins synaptosome-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) and synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1) are considered major biomarkers of synaptic injury.

Brain and CSF levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and increased levels of interleukin group of proteins (ILs) indicate intensified microglial response to neuroinflammation.

TREM2 receptor and YKL-40 glycoprotein are also reliable indicators of inflammation and impaired clearance of amyloid beta.

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (hFABP) could be a marker for pathology in blood vessels supplying the brain. Some vascular markers also show potential as markers of vascular injury in AD: von Willebrand factor (vWF) and monokine induced by γ-interferon (MIG, also known as CXCL-9).

Concentrations of TAR-DNA binding protein (TDP-43) in the brain and plasma and serum indicate, even contribute to, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal/synaptic injury in AD.

Neuroimaging techniques reveal structural, functional, and diffusion-related activities of the neurons. To identify them, markers are tracked in images obtained. Each marker is determined with the activity and biochemistry of the group of/individual neurons being studied.

Structural MRI will show location and severity of atrophy which can be identified in grey scale images by applying programs that create analogous color grading.

Functional MRI relies on blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal which reflects changes in blood oxygenation levels in response to neural activity.

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) focuses on diffusion of water molecules. A tensor model is applied to images obtained from DWI. The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics thus obtained help in studying connectivity through structural integrity of white matter tracts.

Tractography involves 3-D reconstruction of white matter as observed in DWI, which provides a more detailed look into a patient’s neural networks.

In positron emission tomography (PET), markers are identified and labelled so their features or functions can be traced during this procedure to obtain a resulting PET scan. The imaging procedure is named according to its marker: amyloid-PET, tau-PET, FDG-PET, inflammation-PET, receptor-PET.

FDA approved drugs Galantamine, Rivastigmine, and Donepezil alleviate symptoms such as memory loss and confusion in mild to moderate AD, although their effects seem to be negligible. They also cause nausea and vomiting as side effects and are not suitable for every patient. Recently approved drugs, Aducanumab and Lecanemab focus on removing accumulated amyloid. Their effectiveness is still doubted on the basis of studies finding that targeting amyloid has little to do with curbing the actual progression of the disease.

bibliography -

Tarawneh R. Biomarkers: our path towards a cure for Alzheimer disease. Biomarker insights. 2020 Nov;15:1177271920976367.

Cavedo E, Lista S, Khachaturian Z, Aisen P, Amouyel P, Herholz K, Jack Jr CR, Sperling R, Cummings J, Blennow K, O’Bryant S. The road ahead to cure Alzheimer’s disease: development of biological markers and neuroimaging methods for prevention trials across all stages and target populations. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease. 2014 Dec;1(3):181.

Medications for Alzheimer's Disease Stanford Healthcare. Accessed 21-04-2023.

[rupal1234]

Understanding EDTA Blood Collection Tubes: The Science Behind Reliable Lab Tests

When it comes to accurate and reliable lab results, the choice of collection tubes plays a crucial role. Among the various types of blood collection tubes, EDTA Blood Collection Tubes are widely used in medical laboratories. These tubes are designed to preserve the integrity of blood samples for accurate testing and diagnosis. In this blog, we will explore the science behind EDTA Blood Collection Tubes, their applications, and how they contribute to reliable lab tests.

What are EDTA Blood Collection Tubes?

EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a powerful anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting, making it an essential component in many blood collection tubes. EDTA Blood Collection Tubes are specially designed to collect blood samples for various types of tests, including blood counts, blood typing, and DNA analysis. These tubes contain a specific concentration of EDTA, which binds to calcium ions in the blood, effectively inhibiting the clotting process.

Unlike other anticoagulants, EDTA is particularly effective in preserving the morphology of blood cells and is preferred for hematological tests. The unique properties of EDTA ensure that blood samples remain in a stable state until they are analyzed in the lab, making it an indispensable tool for clinicians and laboratory professionals.

How EDTA Blood Collection Tubes Work

The function of EDTA in blood collection tubes is to prevent clotting by chelating calcium ions, which are essential for the coagulation cascade. Without calcium, blood cannot form clots, ensuring that the sample remains in a liquid state for proper analysis. The ability to prevent clotting is crucial for various blood tests, such as complete blood counts (CBC), where accurate cell counting is necessary for diagnosing conditions like anemia, infections, and blood disorders.

The EDTA Blood Collection Tubes are often color-coded to indicate the type of anticoagulant and the specific amount used. The most common color for EDTA tubes is lavender or purple. These color codes help laboratory technicians easily identify the right tube for different types of tests.

Applications of EDTA Blood Collection Tubes

EDTA Blood Collection Tubes are primarily used for tests that require whole blood or plasma. Some of the most common applications include:

Complete Blood Count (CBC): One of the most common tests performed using EDTA tubes, the CBC measures various components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. EDTA helps maintain the integrity of blood cells, ensuring accurate counts.

Blood Typing: EDTA tubes are also used in blood typing tests to determine an individual's blood group. By preventing clotting, EDTA ensures that the blood remains in a state suitable for testing.

DNA Analysis: When it comes to genetic testing, the preservation of DNA is crucial. EDTA Blood Collection Tubes help prevent DNA degradation, making them ideal for tests like PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and other molecular assays.

Hematology Tests: EDTA tubes are used in a wide range of hematology tests, including those that detect abnormal blood cell morphology or other blood disorders like leukemia.

Plasma and Serum Analysis: In addition to whole blood tests, EDTA tubes can be used to separate plasma for further analysis of various biomarkers, electrolytes, and other substances in the blood.

Why EDTA Blood Collection Tubes Are Essential for Lab Accuracy

The use of EDTA Blood Collection Tubes ensures that blood samples are preserved in their natural state, minimizing the risk of inaccurate results. For example, if blood were to clot during transport or storage, it could interfere with various blood tests, leading to errors in diagnosis. By preventing clotting, EDTA ensures that the blood sample remains consistent and reliable.

Additionally, EDTA's ability to maintain the integrity of blood cells makes it a preferred choice for tests that require the examination of blood morphology. This includes tests for anemia, infections, and various hematological conditions. With EDTA, laboratories can ensure that the blood sample remains stable from the moment it is collected until the test is complete.

Proper Use and Handling of EDTA Blood Collection Tubes

To ensure that blood samples remain reliable, it is important to handle EDTA Blood Collection Tubes properly. Some key considerations include:

Proper Mixing: After collection, the EDTA Blood Collection Tubes must be gently inverted several times to ensure that the blood is thoroughly mixed with the anticoagulant. This helps prevent clotting while maintaining the sample's integrity.

Avoiding Hemolysis: Care must be taken to avoid excessive shaking of the tube, as this can lead to hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells). Hemolysis can interfere with test results, leading to inaccurate readings.

Timely Transportation: Blood samples in EDTA tubes should be transported to the lab as quickly as possible to prevent degradation. Delayed processing can compromise the quality of the sample and the accuracy of the test.

Conclusion

In conclusion, EDTA Blood Collection Tubes are a vital component of modern laboratory practices. Their ability to prevent clotting and preserve blood samples in their natural state makes them indispensable for accurate and reliable blood tests. From routine CBCs to complex DNA analysis, EDTA tubes play a crucial role in ensuring that clinicians receive precise data to make informed decisions about patient care.

For laboratories and healthcare providers looking to streamline the blood collection process, the introduction of an EDTA Blood Collection Tubes App can offer added convenience. This app can help streamline tracking, ensure proper handling, and improve sample management, leading to even more reliable lab results in the future.

[jcsmicasereports]

Comparison and significance of serum 7 cytokines in children with community-acquired common pneumonia and lobar pneumonia by Shi Changsong in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

Abstracts

Objective: To investigate the availability of seven serum cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-12-70 (IL-12P70), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) changes and significance in Common and lobular community acquired pneumonia (CAP). 

Methods: Fifty-three patients admitted to our hospital from April 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the observation group. According to the degree of pneumonia, they were divided into common pneumonia group (observation group 1), lobular pneumonia group (observation group 2), and children with fever (acute upper respiratory tract infection) during the same period were selected as the control group. The clinical data of the subjects in three groups (observation group 1, 2 and control group) were retrospectively analyzed. Temperature, length of stay, chest CT and other basic information were recorded. Fasting venous blood of three groups of children was collected and 7 cytokines levels were detected. The cytokine levels of the three groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance. 

Results: The hospital stay of lobar pneumonia group was significantly longer than that of common pneumonia group and fever group. There were no significant differences in IL-4, IL-6,IL-10, IL-17, IL-12P70, TNF-a and IFN-γ among lobular pneumonia group, common pneumonia group and fever group (P > 0.05). 

Conclusion: Lobar pneumonia prolongs the hospital stay of children. The cytokines IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ, IL-17,TNF-a and IL-12P70 showed no significant difference in lobular pneumonia group, common pneumonia group and fever group. According to the World Health Organization, pneumonia killed 920,000 children under the age of five in 2016, 98% of whom were in developing countries. Pneumonia is also one of the main causes of death among children < 5 years old in China, and most of them are lobular community acquired pneumonia (CAP)[1]. At present, there are few studies on biomarkers used to assess disease severity and prognosis [2]. Cytokines are major regulatory factors of inflammatory response, which play a role in amplifying, transducing and coordinating pro-inflammatory signals, leading to synchronous expression of molecular effectors and regulating autoimmune responses [3]. Previous studies have shown that the prognostic value of changes in cytokine levels is correlated with the severity of pneumonia [4]. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze and compare cytokine levels in children with common pneumonia and lobar pneumonia.

Data and methods

General Information:The medical records of 53 children with CAP who were hospitalized in the pediatric respiratory department of our hospital from April 2022 to July 2023 were collected. According to the degree of pneumonia, they were divided into common pneumonia group and lobar pneumonia group. Children with fever during the same period were selected as the control group, and basic information such as temperature at admission, length of stay, duration of medical history and chest CT were recorded. Cytokine levels were determined by the key Laboratory of hematological Pathology of our hospital. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Provincial People's Hospital (2023) No. 65.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for children with pneumonia:

Inclusion criteria: 1) The diagnostic criteria of community-acquired pneumonia and lobar pneumonia in children in the 8th edition of Zhufutang Practical Pediatrics were met; 2) Complete clinical data; Exclusion criteria: 1) combined with other lung diseases, such as asthma and tuberculosis; 2) Previous immune disease, unexplained long-term fever, joint swelling and pain; 3) A recent or longterm history of glucocorticoid use; 4) Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants such as immunoglobulin and interferon have been applied in the past 2 months.

Statistical Processing:

All the data of the patients were recorded, and the differences of each index between the two groups were analyzed using Graphpad Prism 8. Counting data is expressed as example (%); The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x±s), and the cytokine levels of the three groups were examined by one-way ANOVA for inter-group comparison. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. 

Results: Compared with the other 2 groups, the length of hospital stay in the lobar pneumonia group was significantly increased, with statistical significance (P < 0.05), while there was no statistical significance in other general data (P > 0.05). Compared with lobular pneumonia group, common pneumonia group and fever group, there were no significant differences in serum cytokines in IL-4,IL-6,IL-10, IL-17, IL12P70, TNF-a and IFN-γ (P > 0.05).

Discussion: CAP is a common infectious disease in childhood, especially in infants and young children. It is the most common cause of hospitalization in children and the first cause of death in children under 5 years old. For hospitalized children or areas with good conditions, the evaluation of CAP severity should also be based on the scope of lung lesions, the presence of hypoxemia, and the presence of internal and external pulmonary complications[5]. This study was mainly based on the clinical symptoms of pneumonia and the range of chest imaging lesions as a grouping basis to determine the severity of pneumonia. The results of this study found that the length of hospital stay in the fever group, the common pneumonia group and the lobular pneumonia group was different in pairwise comparison, and the length of hospital stay in the lobular pneumonia group was significantly longer than that in the other two groups, indicating that the scope of chest imaging lesions may affect the length of hospital stay and treatment time, which has guiding significance for our clinical evaluation of the length of hospital stay for pneumonia.

Cytokines, including types Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-18) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13), can recruit or activate B, T, and NK cells to initiate and amplify inflammatory/immune responses. Thus providing an important function in host defense against bacterial or viral infections [6]. Cytokines participate in the pathogenesis of pneumonia by interacting with organ receptors [7], leading to a decline in respiratory system related functions. Studies have found that TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β and other cytokines have been proven to be correlated with adult CAP severity [8]. However, Luo Zhengxiu et al. retrospectively analyzed and compared the serum cytokine levels between the severe children group and the non-severe CAP group and found no statistically significant differences in the levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A between the two groups [9]. Therefore, there is no consensus on the effect of cytokines on the prognosis of childhood pneumonia. This study found no correlation between IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-12P70 and the severity of pneumonia. Due to the single-center and small sample data in this study, the correlation between these cytokines and the severity of pneumonia needs further study.

[willyskristina]

Preeclampsia Diagnostics Market

Preeclampsia Diagnostics Market Size, Share, Trends: Roche Diagnostics Leads

Shift Towards Non-Invasive and Rapid Diagnostic Tests Gains Momentum

Market Overview:

The global preeclampsia diagnostics market is witnessing steady growth due to the increasing prevalence of hypertension diseases during pregnancy, improved healthcare infrastructure in emerging nations, and enhanced government maternal health programs. North America dominates the market, driven by a rising incidence of preeclampsia, growing awareness about maternal health, and advancements in diagnostic technologies. The development of innovative biomarkers and point-of-care testing methods is transforming the market landscape, allowing for earlier and more accurate diagnosis of preeclampsia.

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Market Trends:

A significant trend in the preeclampsia diagnostics market is the shift towards non-invasive and rapid diagnostic techniques. The demand for timely and accurate preeclampsia screening in prenatal care settings is pushing innovation in test design. Manufacturers are focusing on creating point-of-care tests that can deliver results in minutes rather than hours or days. For example, automated immunoassay technologies for preeclampsia biomarkers are gaining popularity, providing up to 70% faster findings than traditional laboratory procedures. This trend is crucial as it facilitates early detection and management of preeclampsia, improving outcomes for both mothers and babies.

Market Segmentation:

Blood tests continue to dominate the preeclampsia diagnostics market, accounting for a significant share of global sales. The high sensitivity and specificity of serum biomarkers in detecting and diagnosing preeclampsia make blood tests a critical component of prenatal care. Tests assessing angiogenic factors such as sFlt-1 and PlGF, alongside other markers like PAPP-A and PP-13, are now integral for comprehensive preeclampsia risk assessment. Advances in test accuracy and the development of multi-marker panels with higher predictive value are driving the increased adoption of blood tests in high-risk pregnancy management and large hospital laboratories.

Market Key Players:

The preeclampsia diagnostics market is competitive, with several key players driving innovation and growth. Leading companies in this market include:

Roche Diagnostics

Thermo Fisher Scientific

PerkinElmer, Inc.

Siemens Healthineers

Abbott Laboratories

bioMérieux SA

Contact Us:

Name: Hari Krishna

Email us: hari.krishna@aurorawaveintellects.com

Website: https://aurorawaveintellects.com/

[biomedres]

Is Pentraxin 3 A Marker in Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome?

Is Pentraxin 3 A Marker in Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome? in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute-phase protein that is structurally similar to C-reactive protein (CRP). Macrophages, endothelial cells, and adipocytes all produce PTX3 in response to inflammatory stimuli, but hepatocytes are the main source of CRP. PTX3 could play a role in the genesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and CRP because obesity and MetS are chronic inflammatory diseases [1]. MetS is a group of risk factors that includes glucose intolerance, abnormal lipid profiles, hypertension, and abdominal obesity [2- 6]. Each of these factors has been linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The majority of current research has found a link between MetS components and inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and CRP [7]. Furthermore, serum CRP levels were shown to be greater in individuals with more risk factors for MetS, and higher serum CRP levels were related to higher occurrence of cardiovascular events, reflecting the prognostic relevance of MetS severity [8]. In particular, many types of cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, adipose cells, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells, have been reported to produce PTX-3, a newly recognized acute-phase reactant that is structurally and functionally similar to CRP [9]. The link between MetS and PTX-3 hasn’t been well investigated, and the available evidence appears to be discordant. Several investigations have found a link between MetS components and inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and CRP [7]. The hs-CRP is the most well-known and validated of these inflammatory biomarkers. Insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and unfavorable cardiovascular events have all been linked to high levels of hs-CRP [10,11].

For more articles in Journals on Biomedical Sciences click here bjstr

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[healixhospitals24]

Reading And Interpreting Your Liver Function Test - A Guide To Commonly Used Liver Tests

The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic functions in the body, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production. Monitoring liver health is crucial for early detection and management of liver diseases. One of the primary tools for assessing liver function is the Liver Function Test (LFT). In this guide, we will delve into the commonly used liver tests, how to interpret the results, and what they indicate about your liver health.

Understanding Liver Function Tests

Liver Function Tests (LFTs) are a group of blood tests that provide valuable insights into the health and function of the liver. These tests measure various enzymes, proteins, and substances in the blood that are indicative of liver health.

Key components of Liver Function Tests

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): Elevated levels suggest liver damage, commonly caused by conditions like hepatitis or fatty liver disease.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): Similar to ALT, elevated AST levels indicate liver damage but may also be elevated in conditions affecting the heart or muscles.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): Elevated ALP levels may suggest liver or bone disease.

Total Bilirubin: Increased levels may indicate liver dysfunction or obstruction of bile ducts.

Albumin and Total Protein: These are measures of liver synthetic function; decreased levels may suggest liver disease.

What are the causes of abnormal liver function test results?

Causes of abnormal liver function test results can vary and may indicate different underlying conditions. Some common causes include:

1. Build-up of Fat in the Liver:

* Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to abnormal liver function tests, especially in overweight or obese individuals.

2. Liver Inflammation and Damage:

* Infections, toxic substances like alcohol or certain medications, and immune conditions can cause liver inflammation and subsequent abnormal test results.

3. Liver Overworking:

* When the liver is under stress from processing medicines or toxic substances like alcohol or paracetamol, it can result in abnormal liver function tests.

4. Bile Duct Blockage:

* Blockages in the bile ducts, such as by gallstones, can lead to abnormal liver function test results.

5. Liver Conditions and Diseases:

* Underlying conditions like Wilson's disease, haemochromatosis, or Gilbert's syndrome can affect liver function and result in abnormal test values.

6. Liver Injury:

* Physical injury to the liver, trauma, or presence of abscesses or tumors within the liver can cause abnormal liver function tests.

7. Medications and Supplements:

* Certain medications, over-the-counter drugs, herbal remedies, and traditional medicines can also impact liver function test results.

8. Other Factors:

* Factors like high alcohol intake, viral infections, autoimmune conditions, metabolic liver diseases, heart problems, and tumors in the liver can contribute to abnormal liver function tests.

Continue Reading: https://www.healixhospitals.com/blogs/reading-and-interpreting-your-liver-function-test-a-guide-to-commonly-used-liver-tests

[krishgen]

GENLISA™ KITa - Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen 1 (CXorf61) Detection Kit

The GENLISA™ KITa is an advanced enzyme immunoassay designed for the precise quantification of Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen 1 (CXorf61) in various biological fluids. This kit can be used to measure CXorf61 levels in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, and other related samples. CXorf61, a biomarker linked to lung cancer, plays a key role in early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. The GENLISA™ KITa offers a reliable, sensitive, and efficient solution for research and clinical applications, facilitating enhanced understanding and management of lung cancer progression and patient prognosis.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Reference archived on our website (click to access over 1,000 open-access scientific studies about covid! New additions daily!)

An interesting study of diversity of covid biomarkers and what it could mean for future research

Introduction: Over the past four years, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed serious global health challenges. The severe form of disease and death resulted from the failure of immune regulatory mechanisms, closely highlighted by the dual proinflammatory cytokine and soluble immune checkpoint (sICP) storm. Identifying the individual factors impacting on disease severity, evolution and outcome, as well as any additional interconnections, have become of high scientific interest.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated a novel panel composed of ten sICPs for the predictive values of COVID-19 disease severity, mortality and Delta vs. Omicron variant infections in relation to hyperinflammatory biomarkers. The serum levels of sICPs from confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infected patients at hospital admission were determined by Luminex, and artificial neural network analysis was applied for defining the distinct patterns of molecular associations with each form of disease: mild, moderate, and severe.

Results: Notably, distinct sICP profiles characterized various stages of disease and Delta infections: while sCD40 played a central role in all defined diagrams, the differences emerged from the distribution levels of four molecules recently found and relatively less investigated (sCD30, s4-1BB, sTIM-1, sB7-H3), and their associations with various hematological and biochemical inflammatory biomarkers. The artificial neural network analysis revealed the prominent role of serum sTIM-1 and Galectin-9 levels at hospital admission in discriminating between survivors and non-survivors, as well as the role of specific anti-interleukin therapy (Tocilizumab, Anakinra) in improving survival for patients with initially high sTIM-1 levels. Furthermore, strong associations between sCD40 and Galectin-9 with suPAR defined the Omicron variant infections, while the positive match of sCD40 with sTREM-1 serum levels characterized the Delta-infected patients.

Conclusions: Of importance, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of circulatory immune factors governing the COVID-19 pathology, and identifies key roles of sCD40, sTIM-1, and Galectin-9 in predicting mortality.

[leedsomics]

Quantitative site-specific glycoproteomics by ZenoTOF reveals glyco-signatures for breast cancer diagnosis

Intact glycopeptide characterization by mass spectrometry has proven a versatile tool for site-specific glycoproteomics analysis and biomarker screening. Here, we present a method using the ZenoTOF instrument with optimized fragmentation for intact glycopeptide identification and demonstrate its ability to analyze large-cohort glycoproteomes. From 124 clinical serum samples of breast cancer, non-cancerous diseases, and non-disease controls, a total of 6901 unique site-specific glycans on 807 glycosites of proteins were detected. Much more differences of glycoproteome were observed in breast diseases than the proteome. By employing machine learning, 15 site-specific glycans were determined as potential glyco-signatures in detecting breast cancer. The results demonstrate that our method provides a powerful tool in glycoproteomic analyses for biomarker discovery studies. http://dlvr.it/TD371G

[market-insider]

High And Ultra-high-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Products: Understanding Size, Share, and Growth Trajectories

The global high and ultra-high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy market size is expected to reach USD 1.03 billion by 2035, growing at a CAGR of 5.70% from 2024 to 2035, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The expansion of the market can be attributed to several factors, including increased funding and investment in biomedical research, the rising necessity for cost-effective generic medications, the broadening application, and its growing acceptance in medical diagnostics. Various regulatory agencies suggest it as a useful technique in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

According to an article published by the European Pharmaceutical Review in October 2020, regulatory agencies such as the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and the U.S. FDA have issued guidance regarding the polymorphism for developing new & generic drugs. The guidance by these regulatory bodies highlighted SSNMR spectroscopy as a technique to determine the presence of multiple polymorphic forms during the identification of polymorphism in drug substances & products.

Thus, such guidance increases awareness about the wide uses of techniques during the development of generic drugs or APIs, which is expected to boost the high and ultra-high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy market in the coming decade. Furthermore, it is useful in biomedical research due to its applications in cancer and infectious disease research. According to an article published by Griffith University in February 2021, nuclear magnetic resonance is a robust technique to determine the 3D structure of molecules, such as glycans, proteins, and DNA molecules. Such applications in the biomedical field, coupled with increasing biomedical research, are anticipated to drive market growth over the forecast period.

In addition, several studies demonstrate promising results for using nuclear magnetic resonance in metabolomics diagnosis. For instance, a study published by Dove Press in March 2022 reported that serum metabolites can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for tumor metastasis. H-NMR was utilized in this study to investigate serum metabolic profiles in a mouse model of colorectal cancer with lung metastasis.

Moreover, major participants are collaborating and partnering for drug discovery & development, which is expected to drive high and ultra-high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy market growth over the forecast period. For instance, in January 2022, Evotek partnered with Lilly for drug discovery in metabolic diseases. Hence, the growing focus of key players on drug discovery & development of generic drugs & APIs, coupled with the increasing use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in drug development, is anticipated to drive market growth in the coming decade.

For More Details or Sample Copy please visit link @: High And Ultra-high-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Market Report

High And Ultra-high-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Market Report Highlights

Ultra-high-field NMR Spectroscopy (600-1200 MHz) segment accounted for the largest share in frequency segment in 2023 owing to its advanced technological capabilities and expanding applications in various scientific fields

Academic research led the application segment in 2023. High and ultra-high-field NMR spectroscopy plays a key role in academic research across various disciplines, including structural biology, metabolomics, materials science, environmental science, and biomedical research

Academic led the end use segment in 2023. In various academic fields such as structural biology, metabolomics, materials science, environmental science, and biomedical research, spectroscopy holds a key position due to its ability to enhance sensitivity and specificity

Europe accounted for largest market share in 2023 attributed to the increasing demand for spectroscopy and well-established pharmaceutical & biotechnology industry in the region

The high and ultra-high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy market is largely driven by two major players, Bruker Corporation and JEOL Ltd. These players are adopting acquisitions and other strategies to strengthen their presence in other regional markets

High And Ultra-high-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global high and ultra-high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy market on the basis of frequency, application, end-use, and region:

Gain deeper insights on the market and receive your free copy with TOC now @: High And Ultra-high-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Market Report

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miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-106b: serum and tissue biomarkers with diagnostic potential in metastatic testicular cancer

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