#Scholz's star

[wonders-of-the-cosmos]

NGC 1333 is a nearby star-forming region in the Perseus constellation. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope surveyed a large portion of NGC 1333, identifying planetary objects using the observatory’s Near-InfraRed Imager and Slitless Spectrograph.

Image Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Scholz, K. Muzic, A. Langeveld, R. Jayawardhana

[tanadrin]

It is also common to hear criticism of Israel described as antisemitic, a fact that has resulted in the paradox of the German state actively suppressing those Jewish voices that do not conform to their expectations. A state-owned cultural center, Oyoun, faces defunding by the Berlin Senate for hosting an evening of “mourning and hope” put together by Jewish Voice for Just Peace in the Middle East, a Jewish organization. On November 9, the city of Frankfurt on Main forbade a planned rally called “Never again fascism – remembering Kristallnacht, fighting anti-Semitism,” apparently due to the organizer’s past support for Palestine. The police continue to selectively enforce bans on such phrases as  “stop genocide,” “free Palestine,” and “stop the war,” often with no prior announcement. A sanctioned protest in Berlin on November 10, organized by a coalition of Jewish and Israeli groups, resulted in several arrests due to the sudden mid-protest banning of some of these phrases. They included the arrest of a Jewish-Israeli woman who held a sign that read: “As a Jew and Israeli: Stop the Genocide in Gaza.” The war in Gaza comes at a moment when every major political party in Germany is lurching rightward on the issue of migration, embracing xenophobic and Islamophobic policies once reserved for the marginalized far right. “Germany cannot accept any more refugees,” Friedrich Merz, the leader of the Christian Democratic Union, the party of Merkel, said. “We have enough antisemitic men in this country.” Scholz, a Social Democrat, appeared on the cover of Der Spiegel in a determined portrait framed by the quote: “We must finally deport on a grand scale.” The specter of antisemitism has proved opportune for mainstream parties, which are threatened by a surge in popularity for the far-right Alternative for Germany, or AfD, whose platform is proudly anti-immigrant. ... Just as reports of attacks on mosques have risen since October 7, recent incidents of antisemitic crimes have produced fear among Jews in Germany. Stars of David have been painted outside Jewish homes; a synagogue in Berlin was firebombed, albeit with no injuries or property damage. These are not isolated events; the number of antisemitic incidents in 2021 was the highest since authorities began tracking them. Yet politicians’ focus on Muslims and migrants as their source runs contrary to the facts. According to the federal police, the “vast majority” of antisemitic crimes – more than 80 percent — are committed by the far right.

[apod]

2024 September 12

Young Star Cluster NGC 1333 Image Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, A. Scholz, K. Muzic, A. Langeveld, R. Jayawardhana

Explanation: This spectacular mosaic of images from the James Webb Space Telescope peers into the heart of young star cluster NGC 1333. A mere 1,000 light-years distant toward the heroic constellation Perseus, the nearby star cluster lies at the edge of the large Perseus molecular cloud. Part of Webb's deep exploration of the region to identify low mass brown dwarf stars and free floating planets, the space telescope's combined field of view spans nearly 2 light-years across the dusty cluster's turbulent stellar nursery. In fact, NGC 1333 is known to harbor stars less than a million years old, though most are hidden from optical telescopes by the pervasive stardust. The chaotic environment may be similar to one in which our own Sun formed over 4.5 billion years ago.

∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap240912.html

[mariacallous]

The last time Donald Trump entered the White House and menaced efforts to stop the climate from overheating, affronted world leaders closed ranks against him.

Such defiance and unity are practically unthinkable this time.

Trump’s peers are disunited, focused inward and have already largely abandoned the vanguard of the fight to stop the planet from burning up. 

Their list of excuses, in fairness, contains many serious considerations. Wars and trade disputes have eroded international cooperation. A pile-up of global and domestic challenges has pushed climate change down — or off — the agenda when world leaders meet. The European powerhouses that eagerly claimed the climate mantle after Trump’s 2016 election are now fumbling through a house of mirrors as they confront economic decline, populism and what French President Emmanuel Macron warns could be the failure of the EU project. Many of these problems, by the way, will likely become even more daunting during a Trump presidency.

Simply put, leaders are distracted. The global order of recent generations is crumbling. It is, lamented U.N. climate change chief Simon Stiell in a recent speech, a “moment of profound fracture between nations and within them.” 

It’s also an inauspicious backdrop for the annual U.N. climate summit, which begins on Monday in Baku, Azerbaijan. The COP29 conference is doomed to be defined not only by Trump’s return to power, but also by the absence of those who might resist him.

What else to make of the list of leaders planning to miss the talks? Joe Biden is skipping. As is Macron, who once reveled in countering Trump’s gleeful climate denial. The European Union’s top executive, Ursula von der Leyen, who has made it her personal mission to deliver world-leading climate targets for 450 million people, is also a pass. Germany’s Olaf Scholz was supposed to go, but his government collapsed a day after Trump’s election, leading to his quick withdrawal. The host of next year’s climate talks, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, is out thanks to a minor brain hemorrhage — and no, that’s not a metaphor. 

Trump won’t be there either, of course, having a whole government to set up in Washington.

“Is there any leader that sees climate as a key driver of contemporary politics and society?”  asked Luca Bergamaschi, founder of the Italian climate think tank Ecco.

“Probably not.”

Trump’s return finds the world’s leaders more Star Wars cantina than Plato’s Symposium. And it raises a question that will shape not only this year’s global climate talks but also the future of humankind: Do political leaders really matter when it comes to stopping the planet from burning up?

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

In six new rogue worlds, Webb Telescope finds more star birth clues

The James Webb Space Telescope has spotted six likely rogue worlds—objects with planetlike masses but untethered from any star’s gravity—including the lightest ever identified with a dusty disk around it.

The elusive objects offer new evidence that the same cosmic processes that give birth to stars may also play a common role in making objects only slightly bigger than Jupiter.

“We are probing the very limits of the star forming process,” said lead author Adam Langeveld, an astrophysicist at Johns Hopkins University. “If you have an object that looks like a young Jupiter, is it possible that it could have become a star under the right conditions? This is important context for understanding both star and planet formation.”

The findings come from Webb’s deepest survey of the young nebula NGC1333, a star-forming cluster about a thousand light-years away in the Perseus constellation. A new image from the survey released today by the European Space Agency shows NGC1333 glowing with dramatic displays of interstellar dust and clouds. A paper detailing the survey’s findings has been accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal.

Webb’s data suggest the discovered worlds are gas giants 5-10 times more massive than Jupiter. That means they are among the lowest-mass objects ever found to have grown from a process that would generally produce stars and brown dwarfs, objects straddling the boundary between stars and planets that never ignite hydrogen fusion and fade over time.

“We used Webb’s unprecedented sensitivity at infrared wavelengths to search for the faintest members of a young star cluster, seeking to address a fundamental question in astronomy: How light an object can form like a star?” said Johns Hopkins Provost Ray Jayawardhana, an astrophysicist and senior author of the study. “It turns out the smallest free-floating objects that form like stars overlap in mass with giant exoplanets circling nearby stars.”

The telescope’s observations revealed no objects lower than five Jupiter masses despite possessing sufficient sensitivity to detect such bodies. That’s a strong indication that any stellar objects lighter than this threshold are more likely to form the way planets do, the authors concluded.

“Our observations confirm that nature produces planetary mass objects in at least two different ways—from the contraction of a cloud of gas and dust, the way stars form, and in disks of gas and dust around young stars, as Jupiter in our own solar system did,” Jayawardhana said.

The most intriguing of the starless objects is also the lightest, having an estimated mass of five Jupiters (about 1,600 Earths). The presence of a dusty disk means the object almost certainly formed like a star, as space dust generally spins around a central object in the early stages of star formation, said Langeveld, a postdoctoral researcher in Jayawardhana’s group. 

Disks are also a prerequisite for the formation of planets, suggesting the observations may also have important implications for potential “mini” planets.

“Those tiny objects with masses comparable to giant planets may themselves be able to form their own planets,” said co-author Aleks Scholz, an astrophysicist at the University of St Andrews. “This might be a nursery of a miniature planetary system, on a scale much smaller than our solar system.”

Using the NIRISS instrument on Webb, the astronomers measured the infrared light profile (or spectrum) of every object in the observed portion of the star cluster and reanalyzed 19 known brown dwarfs. They also discovered a new brown dwarf with a planetary-mass companion, a rare finding that challenges theories of how binary systems form.

“It’s likely that such a pair formed the way binary star systems do, from a cloud fragmenting as it contracted,” Jayawardhana said. “The diversity of systems that nature has produced is remarkable and pushes us to refine our models of star and planet formation.”

Rogue worlds may originate from collapsing molecular clouds that lack the mass for the nuclear fusion that powers stars. They can also form when gas and dust in disks around stars coalesce into planetlike orbs that are eventually ejected from their star systems, probably because of gravitational interactions with other bodies.

These free-floating objects blur classifications of celestial bodies because their masses overlap with gas giants and brown dwarfs. Even though such objects are considered rare in the Milky Way galaxy, the new Webb data show they account for about 10% of celestial bodies in the targeted star cluster.

In the coming months, the team will study more of the faint objects’ atmospheres and compare them to heavier brown dwarfs and gas giant planets. They have also been awarded time on the Webb telescope to study similar objects with dusty disks to explore the possibility of forming mini planetary systems resembling Jupiter’s and Saturn’s numerous moons.

IMAGE: New image from the James Webb Space Telescope spectroscopic survey of NGC1333. Credit ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Scholz, K. Muzic, A. Langeveld, R. Jayawardhana

[thetruespacegod]

Picture of a star forming region near the Perseus constellation taken by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.

I find it extremely beautiful.

Image Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Scholz, K. Muzic, A. Langeveld, R. Jayawardhana

[simply-ivanka]

Far-right parties rattled the traditional powers in the European Union and made major gains in parliamentary elections Sunday, dealing an especially humiliating defeat to French President Emmanuel Macron.

On a night where the 27-member bloc palpably shifted to the right, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni more than doubled her seats in the EU parliament. And even if the Alternative for Germany extreme right party was hounded by scandal involving candidates, it still rallied enough seats to sweep past the slumping Social Democrats of Chancellor Olaf Scholz.

Undoubtedly however, the star on a stunning electoral night was the National Rally party of Marine Le Pen, which dominated the French polls to such an extent that Macron immediately dissolved the national parliament and called for new elections. It was a massive political risk since his party could suffer more losses, hobbling the rest of his presidential term that ends in 2027.

Le Pen was delighted to accept the challenge. “We’re ready to turn the country around, ready to defend the interests of the French, ready to put an end to mass immigration,” she said, echoing the rallying cry of so many far-right leaders in other countries who were celebrating substantial wins.

Her National Rally won over 30% or about twice as much as Macron’s pro-European centrist Renew party that is projected to reach less than 15%.

Macron acknowledged the thud of defeat. “I’ve heard your message, your concerns, and I won’t leave them unanswered,” he said, adding that calling a snap election only underscored his democratic credentials.

[transmutationisms]

hello! ive seen you talk about astrology a few times and i was wondering if you had any books or article that historicise the practice. most of what i can find is very vague, and starting off from a 20th century definition (&not v critical). i'm interested in any period, im just trying to start to get a sense of its different uses & epistemological frameworks. thank you your bibliography work on here is very precious :)

ok there's a lot of writing on astrology so this is not comprehensive by any means. u should also keep in mind that historically (painting in broad strokes here) astrology and astronomy were not entirely distinct practices, both because the point of astronomical observations was often to make astrological predictions, and because most people practicing astrology were expected to at least present themselves as having the instruments and savoir-faire to generate their own astronomical data. the non-astronomer astrologer is kind of a special case. so, astrology will pop up in lots of texts about historical astronomy and cosmology, even if that's not the primary focus. i would honestly usually recommend such texts over ones that try to tackle astrology under the broader schema of 'occult sciences' (contested category).

misc astrology until 1800

"how to accurately account for astrology's marginalization in the history of science and culture: the central importance of an interpretive framework" by h darrell rutkin (early science and medicine 23: 3, 217–243. 10.1163/15733823-00233P02)

the interactions of ancient astral science, by david brown & jonathan ben-dov

sapentia astrologica: astrology, magic and natural knowledge, ca. 1250–1800, by h darrel rutkin

reading the human body: physiognomics and astrology in the dead sea scrolls and hellenistic–early roman period judaism, by mladen popović

"the effect of astrological opinions on society: a preliminary view" by s mohammad mozaffari (trames 16: 4, 359–368. 10.3176/tr.2012.4.04)

in the path of the moon: babylonian celestial divination and its legacy, by francesca rochberg

astronomy and astrology in al-andalus and the maghrib, by julio samsó

ptolemy's science of stars in the middle ages, ed. david juste, benno van dalen, dag nikolaus hasse, & charles burnett

the millennial sovereign: sacred kingship and sainthood in islam, by a azfar moin

astronomy and reformation, by robin bruce barnes

the limits of influence: pico, louvain, and the crisis of renaissance astrology, by steven van den broecke

medical astrology

popular print and popular medicine: almanacs and health advice in early america, by thomas a horrocks

astro-medicine: astrology and medicine, east and west, ed. anna akasoy, charles burnett, & ronit yoeli-tlalim

english almanacs, astrology, and popular medicine, 1550–1700, by louise h curth

"medicine and divination in india" by michio yano (east asian science, technology, and medicine 24, 44–61. jstor.org/stable/43151240)

health and healing from the medieval garden, ed. peter dendle & alain touwaide

paracelsian moments: science, medicine, and astrology in early modern europe, ed. gerhild scholz williams & charles d gunnoe, jr

national and cross-national contexts

chinese astrology and astronomy: an outside history, by xiaoyuan jiang, tr. chen wenan

the duke and the stars: astrology and politics in renaissance milan, by monica azzolini

taming the prophets: astrology, orthodoxy, and the world of god in early modern sweden, by martin kjellgren

"garga and early astral science in india" by marko geslani, bill m mak, michio yano, & kenneth g zysk (history of science in south asia 5: 1, 151–191. 10.18732/H2ND44)

"when missionary astronomy encountered chinese astrology: johann adam schall von bell and chinese calendar reform in the seventeenth century" by liyuan liu (physics in perspective 22: 2, 110–126. 10.1007/s00016-020-00255-z)

[myimaginarywonderland]

Here is a masterpost with situations that have happened in the last days in Germany for them and my sources for them (all in German but I have seen international ones as well.) However quiet a few things are just eye witness reports or videos so I will understand how people question them. Seeing as I have often times seen the same event described/pictured multiple times from different creators I will choose to believe those. My trust in the mainstream media is severely lacking after the false reports and twisted narratives.

1. Pro-Palastine Demos shut down

https://taz.de/Verbot-gegen-Pro-Palaestina-Demos/!5967483/

https://www.hessenschau.de/gesellschaft/polizei-setzt-verbot-von-pro-palaestina-demo-in-frankfurt-durch-weitere-demo-verboten-v16,demonstrationen-frankfurt-100.html

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZGJTKtF9E/

2. Olaf Scholz faking the situation in Israel

There is no evidence for this, I am sure everyone can watch the video themselves and form their own opinion. This is just another way of Isrealist propaganda.

3. Football clubs presumably firing players for their support to Palastenians

https://www.sportschau.de/regional/swr/swr-nach-pro-palaestina-statement-mainz-05-stellt-el-ghazi-frei-100.html

https://m.focus.de/sport/fussball/bundesliga1/bayern-star-mazraoui-fehlt-im-training-nach-seinen-palaestina-posts_id_227460835.html

4. People arrested or being excluded from places while carrying/wearing a Palastenian flag. (These are just eye witness reports/videos however we have learned to trust those. )

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZGJTKu5X6/

5. Children being detained and possibly injured during a Berlin demo (if not then at least this applies to adults)

https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Pro-Palaestina-Demo-eskaliert-Krawalle-erschuettern-Berlin-Neukoelln-article24474363.html (This does not mention children however there is confirmation that people besides the police were injured)

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZGJTKuTNP/ (some of these could be children)

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZGJTKuL8G/ (no context yet again that is a teen/child)

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZGJTEB6LN/

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZGJTKEFNk/

6. Frankfurt using Wasserwerfer

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZGJTKVyno/

8. School forbidding forms of support for Palastine

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZGJTEkVB8/

https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2023/10/berlin-israel-senatsverwaltung-guenther-wuensch-schulfrieden-palaestinenser-tuecher-free-palestine-.html

https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/461359.repression-gegen-pal%C3%A4stinenser-striktes-tuchverbot.html

9. School handing out questionnaires (I will say this has on one side been debunked by the school however I have seen multiple lawyers and parents share similar stories which is why I'll say this one might be fake however they children have been threatened should they show support.)

https://www.berlin-live.de/berlin/aktuelles/berlin-linke-politiker-fragebogen-hamas-grundschule-terroristen-fake-news-israel-antisemitismus-id58754.html (Considering the family seemingly got lawyers involved)

[garlend]

You're in a field, you swing out your arm, you hit a bunch of bugs and tall grasses or a tree or a bush or something. You listen and you hear birds calling and animals rustling and the sound of birds on the wing.

We are not in a field. We are in an infinite barren plain with no life or movement, utterly alone and isolated with no life in sight, except for the ground we stand on.

This is concerning, because we don't know why our patch of ground is so special. We'd like to understand if we should be worried about whether there were any other patches of ground around us that were like we are now.

So lets do some math.

Lets say that you have a really simple method of broadcasting your genes, akin to ballooning spiders or maple whirligigs.

Your method of hopping stars is to make one (plus or minus a billion) really sturdy seeds, kick them into the oort cloud, and wait for a star to pass within a light year of your star and shuffle your oort clouds together so the passing star leaves with some of your kids. Classic life tactic, make a shit ton of kids that can wait for a decade or million and pop up when conditions are right to race through an open environment.

It takes about ten million years for stars to pass within a light year of each other. Our ancestors actually saw this happen, with scholz's star. Passed right through our oort cloud (.8 ly away) and got our grody germs all over itself. Poor manners on our part, shoulda cleaned the place up a bit before they dropped by.

So, assuming life has been clever enough to figure this out in the past 13 billion years, how long would it take for this lazy ecosystem to colonize every star in the galaxy, all 100 billion of them? About 300 million years, enough for an orbit around the milky way with some change. If it started in the carboniferous it'd be wrapping up around today.

From this, we can confidently conclude that no void ecology has evolved for 97% of the universes existence, or about 1 sextillion star years. 1,300,000,000,000,000,000,000 cumulative years, 100 billion stars times 13 billion years (though this is definitely over by an order of magnitude or three).

So, compared to 13 billion, 300 million isn't that large a number, and it's basically the most conservative speed I've heard for alien expansion. It is achieved at near zero speed, just riding along with stars, with no need for what most people think of as interstellar adventuring. It doesn't require interstellar organization, it doesn't even require advanced aliens. It only requires life to exploit a strategy we know it exploits here.

It's like looking at a flood plain and wondering where the algae is. The ratio of algae to earth and humans to the galaxy is about right.

And sorry that the introduction you've had to the fermi paradox is focused on blunt level ideas that are fun to talk about and not the boring math ones that scientists do a lot of math about.

I low-key love the fact that sci-fi has so conditioned us to expect to be hanging out with a bunch of cool space aliens, that legitimate, actual scientists keep proposing the most bizarre, three-blunts-into-the-rotation "theories" to explain the fact we're not.

Some of my favourites include:

Zoo Theory: What if there are loads of aliens out there, but they're not talking to us because of the Prime Directive from Star Trek? (Or because they're doing experiments on us???)

Dark Forest Theory: What if there are loads of aliens out there, but they all hate us and each other so they're all just waiting with a shotgun pointed at the door, ready to open fire on anything that moves?

Planetarium Theory: What if there's at least one alien with mastery over light and matter that's just making it seem to us that the universe is empty to us as, like, a joke?

Berserker Theory: What if there were loads of aliens, but one of them made infinite killer robots that murdered everyone and are coming for us next?!!

Like, the universe is at least 13,700,000,000 years old and 46,000,000,000 light years big. We have had the ability to transmit and receive signals for, what, 100 years, and our signals have so far travelled 200 light years?

The fact is biological life almost certainly has, does, or will develop elsewhere in the universe, and it's not impossible that a tiny amount of it has, does, or will develop in a way that we would understand as "intelligent". But, like, we're realistically never going to know because of the scale of the things involved.

So I'm proposing my own hypothesis. I call it the "Fool in a Field" hypothesis. It goes like this:

Humanity is a guy standing in the middle of a field at midnight. It's pitch black, he can't move, and he's been standing there for ages. He's just had the thought to swing his arms. He swings one of his arms, once, and does not hit another person. "Oh no!" He says. "Robots have killed them all!"

[monkeyssalad-blog]

Lee Parry by Truus, Bob & Jan too! Via Flickr: German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 4646/2, 1929-1930. Photo: Atelier Balàzs, Berlin. Collection: Geoffrey Donaldson Institute. Lee Parry (1901-1977) was a German film actress of the silent and the early sound era, often in films by her husband Richard Eichberg. She appeared in 48 films between 1919 and 1939. Lee Parry was born Mathilde Benz in 1901 in Munich, Germany. She was the daughter of an opera tenor, actor and variety director. When she was sixteen, she moved to Berlin. There she was discovered by director and producer Richard Eichberg. She made her debut in 1919 in the leading role of Sünden der Eltern/Sins of the Parents (Richard Eichberg, 1919). Later Eichberg would become her husband. The following years she starred under his direction in several films for his studio like Nonne und Tänzerin/Nun and Dancer (1919), Hypnose/Hypnosis (1920), and two-parters like Der Tanz auf dem Vulkan/Dance on the Volcano (1920), and Die Fluch der Menschheit/The Curse of Man (1920). In these films she often appeared opposite Violetta Napierska, Robert Scholz and a young Béla Lugosi. These three actors were again her co-stars in Ihre Hoheit die Tänzerin/Her Highness the Dancer (Richard Eichberg, 1922). In the historical epic Monna Vanna (Richard Eichberg, 1922), based on a play by Maurice Maeterlinck, her co-star was Paul Wegener, the legendary star of Der Golem/The Golem (Carl Boese, Paul Wegener, 1920). Werner Krauss, famous for his role as Dr. Caligari, was her partner in Fräulein Raffke/Miss Raffke (Richard Eichberg, 1923). Lee Parry continued working with Richard Eichberg in hits like Die Motorbraut/The Motor Bride (Richard Eichberg, 1925) and Luxusweibchen/Luxury Wife (Erich Schönfelder, 1925) with Hans Albers. Around that time Parry and Eichberg divorced. The following year Lee worked for another studio, Maxim-Film/Ebner and starred in Fedora (Jean Manoussi, 1926) next to Anita Dorris. For this studio she also featured in Wenn das Herz der Jugend spricht/When the heart of Youth Speaks (Fred Sauer, 1926) opposite Albert Bassermann, Die Frau die nicht nein sagen kann/The Woman Who Can't say No (Fred Sauer, 1927) with Hans Albers, and the comedy Die leichte Isabell/Light Isabell (Eddy Busch, Arthur Wellin, 1927) with Gustav Fröhlich. In France she appeared in L'eau du Nil/The water of the Nile (Marcel Vandal, 1928), but at the end of the 1920s her roles became smaller and less frequent. After a hiatus of two years Lee Parry made her first appearance in a sound film in Die lustigen Weiber von Wien/The Merry Wives of Vienna (Géza von Bolváry, 1931) opposite Willi Forst. The following year she featured again in three films: the marital-mix-up farce Ein bißchen Liebe für Dich/A Bit of Love (Max Neufeld, 1932) as the wife of Hermann Thimig, the operetta Johann Strauss, k. u. k. Hofkapellmeister/Viennese Waltz (1932, Conrad Wiene), and another operetta Liebe auf den ersten Ton/Love at First Sight (Carl Froelich, 1932). In 1933 she starred again in three films, Keinen Tag ohne Dich/No Day Without You (Hans Behrendt, 1933), Der große Bluff/The Big Bluff (Georg Jacoby, 1933) and Die Herren vom Maxim/The Gentlemen from Maxim's (Carl Boese, 1933). But after this successful year she would make only two more pictures. After the comedy Das Einmaleins der Liebe/Love's Arithmetic (Carl Hoffmann, 1935) starring Luise Ullrich and Paul Hörbiger she retired. Shortly before WWII she appeared in the French production Adieu Vienne/Farewell Vienna (Jacques Séverac, 1939) with Gustav Fröhlich. It would be her last film. She was also a well-known singer who made many records. Her second marriage was to Siegmund Breslauer, director of the German theater in Buenos Aires, in 1956, She moved to South-America where she made her theater comeback as Manon and performed there on many stages. Lee Parry died in Bad Tölz, Germany, in 1977. Sources: Thomas Staedeli (Cyranos), Wikipedia, AllMovie, and IMDb. And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.