#Reported Speech

[languagestudymaterials]

～ている vs. ～る

What’s the difference?

先生は「あいうえお」と言った

先生は「あいうえお」と言っていた

What’s the difference between the two? In this case, it is more about your reaction to what you have heard. Are you going to be more like “WTF, man?” or no reaction at all because what you have just heard is a regular/good old quotation (just like you quote someone in your university paper or sth). 

ている  focuses on your reaction. If I said this exact sentence to you, you’d be surprised and probably asked for some explanation, for example, He said that? Why? WTF?

る focuses on the words in the brackets. This is what he said. He used these exact words, I haven’t changed anything. But you wouldn’t be surprised because you just wanted to know the words the teacher used. 

~ている is an ending of imperfective verbs - verbs that have no end point. However, that ending implies a myriad of other meanings. In Polish (my native language), we also distinguish between perfective and imperfective verbs only, just like in Japanese. We use, in Polish, imperfective verbs when we talk about

occurring states, the course of which the speaker considers important. (Hence your surprise at the teacher’s words.)

I believe the same rule applies to Japanese ている verbs as well. 

る verbs are perfective verbs and these denote something completely opposite - we don’t really care, the course of action is somewhat unimportant for the speaker.

Correct me if I’m wrong!

[teacherhudaezaw]

Changes in the reported speech:

Simple present > Simple Past.

Simple Past > Past Perfect.

Past Perfect > Past Perfect.

Present continuous > Past continuous.

Past continuous > Past Perfect Continuous.

Will > Would.

Can > Could.

Have to > Had to.

May/ might > Might.

Should > should.

PRACTICE:

[trolledu]

Jenny Joseph, 1992 Columbia Pictures logo model. She had never modelled before and would never model again.

[ljbrary]

The New York Times is a fucking joke of a paper. Recently I literally cannot look at a headline without feeling utterly hopeless at the state of the world… because of the state of journalism. It’s honestly heinous, and quite frankly terrifying.

“Israeli Rabbi who Disappeared is Found Dead”

No. Try, “Rabbi was KIDNAPPED and MURDERED in the UAE by TERRORISTS.”

It’s genuinely not controversial to tell the truth. He did not “disappear” — he was kidnapped. By terrorists. He was not “found dead” — he was fucking murdered for being a Jew. Call it like it is or don’t call it at all.

Genuinely insane and disgusting that the nyt can claim to have journalistic integrity after this past year. When it comes to anything Jewish or Israeli, this isn’t an outlier of a headline; it’s the fucking rule.

[swampthingking]

andrew’s definitely gotten in trouble with his pr manager for tweeting things along the lines of:

“no mania inducing medication will compare to the euphoria i will feel the day donald trump drops dead”

[greencheekconure27]

Hey, who wants to block and report a far right piece of shit together?

I present to you, @ bloody-monstrous-wolf,* racist, antisemite, holocaust denier, encountered via a post about a cookbook of all things.

As a bonus we have some of their buddies, like @mtndewloyalist-xix, @ frostyreturns , @ gemlichbased ...

* why do internet fascists always insist on besmirching the good name of wolves on. I think the wolves should sue for damages.

[transexualpirate]

REDBERRYTERF WAS BANNED!!!!

we did it folks!!!!!! RACIST DOWN @dysphoria-things @xxblotchy-scarsxx @420weedwhacker69 @our-queer-experience FUCK YEAHHHHHH

[lensinski]

Gary Neville in BECKHAM

Gary was Mister Sensible. Did he talk a lot then? Gaz? Gaz always talked. And we very rarely listend to him.

[grits-galraisedinthesouth]

Meghan Markle is a Bully: "We been knew!"

In 2021 Valentine Low exposed the palace investigation into Sussex behavior that created high turnover and shattered the personal and professional lives of employees.

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Sadie Quinlan (@wallyyankee)

In response to this investigation, The Meghans quickly devised a victim narrative to garner sympathy and distract from their bad behavior. I

Victim Narrative to Noprah: victims of racism

2019 South Africa: In response to MEgain & Sparry's bad behavior, Samantha Cohen's replacement resigned mid-trip. S/he departed the entire royal tour and return to the UK

The duo responded w/a victim narrative: 1) "Not many people have asked (ME) if I'm okay" 2) Threats to UK newspapers 3) suits co-star creates hashtag love for meghan 4) space heater faux fire 5) Sparry complained that wife cries & is unhappy. He declares his path is different from Wills 6) fled to Canada for a thriving "sabbatical"

2022 Indianapolis: filmed harassing female staff

2022 UK: Both filmed publicly harassing staff. Sparry had to be confronted by KP staff to release the hold his wife had on all the Queen's flowers.

2017 Jamaica Gatecrasher: "she didn't like us"

[languagestudymaterials]

～ている vs. ～る in reported speech

そういや 今夜 学校であれのお札 剥がすって言ってた

For more details, go here

言ってた is the past tense of 言っている.

Why did Itadori use 言ってた instead of 言った？

Even though he is reporting his friends' words, in this case, he's focusing on the implication of those words. The content/message/meaning of those words is more important.

言った would suggest that Itadori is just quoting his friends' words to Megumi because Megumi wanted to know what EXACTLY they said.

[trolledu]

[yelow-heart]

I've been seeing a growth on hatred towards Tubblings (Tubbo's community) in here. Aswell as some explicit hate towards Philza.

It's not a huge issue yet, but before it is: know that we don't tolerate plain hate in here and u will be reported. Tumblr HAS a report system that works.

You ARE responsible for the things you say online.

Doesn't matter if you're famous, or a public figure, or just a jane-doe. You're not just another number or comment and u will be held accountable.

Be gone trolls

[fideidefenswhore]

'Thus he ended his speech, and he doesn't say That he had wronged or spoken ill of the king, But he prayed that God long keep the king In life, in happiness, [in honour], and in contentment. And when, to the people in attendance, he said, With a steadfast countenance, "Pray for me," With a firm heart he presented his head To the sharp blade that carried it off in one blow. [And not fearing the great cruelty Of the sharp blade [...] Each one seeing that people bore great grief from it] The [three] who had to die afterwards Said nothing, as if they intentionally Had entrusted Rochford Alone to speak for their conscience [...] [The Queen] was still so curious [...] Therefore, they tell her that her brother had shown The greatest strength of any man ever seen [...] The story of the death of Anne Boleyn : a poem by Lancelot de Carle, JoAnn DellaNeva (Translator, Editor, Writer of added commentary)

"'I will,' he said in a good lawyerly fashion, 'not in this point arouse any suspicion which might prejudice the king's issue.' Unwilling to drop his line of questioning, Hales next claimed that George had spread malicious reports which called into question the paternity of Anne's child, Elizabeth. George did not dignify this with an answer. He knew his own sister." Hunting the Falcon, John Guy & Julia Fox

"But George refused to answer the question with the required yes or no, not wishing, he said, “to engender or create suspicion in a matter likely to prejudice the issue the King might have from another marriage.” Nor would he respond to any suggestion that he had spread a rumour that Elizabeth was not Henry’s. The idea that he believed Elizabeth was not the king’s child and that he had repeated such an untruth was, to George, so contemptible that he would not even dignify it with a reply." The Infamous Lady Rochford, Julia Fox

"George Boleyn's real 'crime' was to be Anne Boleyn's brother and Princess Elizabeth's uncle. He was intelligent and spirited enough to mount a powerful defence of his sister. He was powerful enough to provide the focus for Boleyn followers and, especially, those who would assert Elizabeth's rights as heir to the crown." Anne Boleyn, Josephine Wilkinson

[msbutterfly5294]

Warning To All Tumblr Users ⚠️

There is an immense concern for a person who goes by the username : chokeanddiebitch .

I just looked at their content and it’s absolutely disguising . They repost and repeat hate speech , wishing violence against adults and minors , using derogatory words and phrases , etc etc . Before I blocked them , I reported every post that threatened violence upon people and for hate speech .

Please , do not interact and just report them . Tumblr , as crazy as it is already , does not exist to spread hatred and violence against its communities .

Please report them and keep Tumblr safe from hate - filled people like them .

Thx you ~ Ms.Butterfly5294

[greencheekconure27]

Another clown from the notes:

Their blog:

The very fact that these people feel safe to post this stuff out in the open these days is a disgrace.

[andiatas]

NRK: King Harald about the crisis year: - Sometimes life is simply very difficult

King Harald thanks for all the consideration in a demanding year. - When people we care about are not well, it hurts those around them, says the King.

Tonight, King Harald and Queen Sonja welcomed the representatives of the Storting to dinner at the Palace.

It happens after a year which has so far been characterized by both the King's illness in Malaysia, the controversies surrounding Princess Märtha Louise and Durek Verrett's wedding and the case related to Marius Borg Høiby.

In his speech, King Harald commented for the first time on the demanding situation the Royal House and Family are now in.

- The Royal House is a team that works well together. And then we are a family, with the joys and challenges that we all know can come with it.

- In both good and difficult times, we try to stand together and support each other, said the King.

"Sending an extra warm thought to everyone who is in pain."

He went on to thank people for their support and consideration.

- We are grateful for all the warmth and consideration that has been shown to us throughout this special and demanding year, right from when I had to be taken home on an airplane while ill, said King Harald.

- Sometimes life is simply very difficult. It's something everyone can experience - including our family, he said.

- When people we care about are not well, it hurts those around them. We try our best to take care of each other. And tonight we send an extra warm thought to everyone who is in pain.

Talked about sarcophagus

Tonight, the representatives of the Storting are gathered at the Palace for the Storting dinner for the 106th time. Close to 200 guests are gathered around the tables in the main dining room.

The King's speech is the highlight of the traditional dinner. This year, too, the speech was characterized not only by seriousness but also by jokes.

King Harald caused great laughter when he began the evening's speech with one word: Sarcophagus.

King Haakon and Queen Maud are laid to rest in a white marble sarcophagus in the Royal Mausoleum at Akershus Castle in Oslo. King Olav and Crown Princess Märtha are also buried there in a green bronze sarcophagus. Photo: Heiko Junge / NTB

When the proposal for the state budget for 2025 was presented earlier this month, it became clear that the government would allocate 20 million NOK for a sarcophagus for the King and Queen.

- I thank the authorities for their consideration in the hereafter, said King Harald in his speech this evening.

- I hope that it will be well-padded so that the stay will be comfortable. We are, after all, going to lie there for a while, said the King and the guests burst out laughing.

"We will probably have to keep going for a little while longer."

However, the King announced in his speech that the Royal Couple have no plans to step aside or disappear anytime soon.

- We try to get around and visit all the municipalities in our country. The county and municipal mergers of recent years have helped us a little along the way. But since some merged municipalities have been resurrected, we will probably have to keep going for a little while longer.

- Fortunately, this is also completely in line with the perspective prognosis' ambition that more elderly people will stay in work longer, added King Harald.

The Royal Couple have visited 346 of Norway's total of 357 municipalities and thus only need an official visit to 11 municipalities before they can cross them all off the list.

Translation and editing for clarity by me of an article by Vilde Helljesen and Kristi Marie Skrede for NRK, published Oct. 24, 2024, at 20:22 and updated the same day at 20:40.