#Rare genetic disorders in babies

[healthlifeai]

Rare Pediatric Diseases for Children

Discover vital information on rare pediatric diseases affecting children. Empower families with knowledge and support for better health outcomes.

[micamicster]

When I say Im dropping out of medical school the thing is that by saying it i remind myself that I could, in fact, drop out of medical school and that staying in medical school is, in fact, a choice i am making and therefore I must be doing this to myself on purpose. empowering. Anyway I’m dropping out of medical school

[healthwire]

While cases related to collodion baby syndrome have been reported earlier in other parts of our country the successful result, in this case, is wholly credited to the NICU team’s systematic clinical expertise in managing tertiary-level neonatal cases.

[just-an-elf-with-the-socks]

In wake of my Modern AU Angbang, I thought I’d go ahead and share what my personal modern AU Mairon is like.

Is thirty-two but doesn’t look a day past twenty and he’s super proud of that

Was once an incredibly renowned jewelry designer in the high fashion industry until his eyesight began to deteriorate

Mairon is legally blind (this was me wanting to insert a tiny nod to the Eye)

Being legally blind isn’t the same as being blind; Mairon can still see, he just 20/200 vision, which means he can only see clearly about twenty feet in front of him

There wasn’t an any type of accident; Mairon has a rare genetic disorder called Retinitis Pigmentosa, causing severe vision loss beginning around age twenty-five

Mairon has a lot of internalized ableism but being with Melkor, who is also disabled, helps him come into his own about being comfortable with his disability

Mairon left home at a young age, determined to make himself known outside of a home where he had many siblings and was very much neglected due to being a “complicated” child

He has high taste and very often uses it to decorate his home or even make intricate sweaters for his dogs (knitting is a fun hobby for him)

Speaking of dogs, Mairon has three giant huskies. Their names are Draugluin, Thuri, and Minnie, who serves as his mobility aid

He really wants to be able to make jewelry professionally again, though he tries to hide it

Actually really good at playing the piano (this was how he met Melkor)

A great cook, loves to experiment, much to Melkor’s dismay (he’s just a baby that doesn’t want to try new things)

[creativity-deficient]

Random Tweek Tweak hcs bc im thinking bout him yet again :)))

-Has an undiagnosed anxiety disorder, made worse by the increased use of Methamphetamine over the years and mistaken for adhd (canon/implied canon), which I do like to think DOES have as well. He is also on the autism spectrum.

-Has mild Seborrheic dermatitis, a skin condition that causes red and flaky patches of skin and usually flares up due to stress. It starts mainly on his head/under his hair as a kid but worsens in his teens years. Also has dermatillomania (a skin picking disorder), as well. Both of these become a lot worse in his teen years, with the addition of meth induced skin sores and hormonal acne to boot, but do become a lot more manageable for him as an adult. Still however, he does have some faint scars from all the picking and scratching over the years.

-Small tubby lil guy :) (sorta?? implied canon??), below average in height and considerably pudgy compared to most of his peers (genetics/stress eating). Loses a lot of this weight in his teen years due to health issues, but does gain a lot of it back as an adult. Also has a pudgy baby face that he never quite grows out of, even as an adult.

-His eyes a blue hazel, a rare eye color

-Sometimes snaps and hums to calm himself down.

-Enjoys baking as a casual hobby, though he’s still an amateur and doesn’t know how to make much. (implied canon)

-Once joined every school club because he had an anxiety attack and couldn’t decide what to pick

-Habitual nail chewer, again something he usually does due to stress. Nails are very short and stubby because of this

-Bandages on his fingers due to burns, skin picking, and nail biting

-Chronic ice-chewer

-Never learns to tie his shoes. Kept tripping over his laces before finally taking them out. Untied laces to laceless shoes to crocs to socks with sandals to velcro shoes pipeline

-Also never learns to drive, too much stress. Forever in his passenger princess era ✨

-Lowkey a backseat driver, though not in a “know it all” type of way. He mostly just freaks out the entire time.

-Can not sleep in the car because he’s afraid the second he closes his eyes, they’ll crash.

-Doesn’t know much slang/internet lingo and has absolutely no idea what his peers are talking about half the time (pretends he does and usually just ends up looking stupid 😔)

-Has a fear of rubberhose cartoons, as well as those weird old stop motion Christmas movies (he just finds them unsettling)

-Told about the secret family recipe as a teenager by his father, and is reasonably freaked out about it. Is forced to keep his mouth shut about it and suffers through major withdrawals before his parents are eventually exposed and arrested for the distribution of meth/counts of child abuse. Spends most of his high school years in therapy and rehab, though it’s all made easier with Craig by his side

-He and Craig try breaking up their freshman year of high school, both of them feeling like they need to try new things for a bit. It lasts about a week before they get back together.

-TERRIFIED of scissors and refuses to let anyone come near him with them. Grows his hair out long as a teenager before finally caving in and shaving it off as a young adult. He now keeps it managed, but Craig is the only person he trusts to do so.

-Did once try to cut his own hair in middle school though, and he spent weeks looking like a train-wreck before finally letting his mom fix it.

-His relationship with his mom is considerably better than his relationship with his father, and though he never quite forgives her for what she’s done, the two of them are able to reach some sort of closure with each other in Tweek’s older age

[scientia-rex]

What caused you to choose family practice after med school? What different specialties did you consider?

I kind of always knew--I started out before I knew anything thinking I wanted to specialize, maybe neurology given my history with Neuroscience, but once I shadowed a couple of doctors I was like "Oh. Family Medicine. That's what I like."

It's got a little bit of everything, it's impossible to be truly good at--I'm constantly forced to learn new things about every specialty because out here we have no one. I need to be half a nephrologist, half a rheumatologist, half a dermatologist. I do a crap ton of procedures--I like them, I like the satisfaction of an IUD insertion or a cyst removal done well. I will stay busy forever. I will never have a chance to get bored. I can do migraine care, manage Parkinson's, diagnose dementia, remove some skin cancers, differentiate between polymyalgia rheumatica and statin rhabdo--if I wanted to, I could still be doing hospital care, I could still be delivering babies. I have so many patients who either don't want to or can't drive two hours to the closest city for specialty care, and if I don't learn this, fast, and well, they'll get nothing. So there's always a fire under my ass. Rare genetic blood disorder? Shit! Read up! Molar pregnancy? I've seen two. Rural medicine is fucking wild and it's my happy place.

I recommended reading Med School Confidential for a better handle on a lot of this.

[fefe-the-cat]

⚠️TAKING OFF FILTER PLEASE BE NICE IM LOWKEY SCARED TO POST THIS ⚠️

KOTLC thoughts/ideas/questions:

•Can they have congenital neurodivergence (as opposed to personality disorders [often a result of adverse childhood experiences] or TBI impacts [Mrs. Redek can confirm a bad hit to the head can cause mental health issues] or shattering)? Before you come after me, I am neurodivergent and as far as I know, the subject of things like ADHD/autism is only really mentioned as Sophie wondering if the Ability Restrictor functions like an ADHD simulator and we know elves and humans have significant differences. For example, elves have more emphasis on the brain but not as much emphasis on mental health. We also know they can deliberately regulate their body temperatures, suppress certain sensations such as hunger, and they pop out of the womb completely fluent in the Enlightened language.

•This may be a bit strange, but seeing as this is being posted on Tumblr… I just need to know if elves menstruate. They definitely have reproductive differences. Pregnancy is immediately obvious and childbirth is no more than a little uncomfortable. Multiple births are rare to the point of prejudice towards the babies. But we also know they’re not SUPER biologically different from humans or other organisms, really: they have toilets and defecation is mentioned. Also, Sophie’s biological (not necessarily neurological; developed several special abilities, one of which at the age of five) development was relatively normal. If elves don’t need toilets, there would have been major medical concerns. But I digress. Elf periods: do they exist and are they any worse than human periods?

•theory: elves and humans are actually the same species but they’ve been separated for so long that they just aren’t super genetically similar anymore. But we know they look like humans. So theoretically…

•Can a Pyrokinetic and a Talentless match?

•kotlc animated series. I’m reading the books but I am SO TEMPTED to write a script and stuff

•Gowns actually are empowering. They got that right

•theory: humans might be able to live as long as elves but we have toxic chemicals and no Youth so we age and stuff

•someone is going to learn about the French Revolution and kill the council. I can feel it.

•Would a young Pyrokinetic get in trouble for just looking at the fire? I feel like Kyrelle would just stare at her little fireball (top thought needs answer because it may be visual stimming)

[astraea802]

Merlin Rewatch 2x05

Something interesting I've never caught before about Lady Catrina - the real Lady Catrina, not the troll who impersonated her - is that she had "an incurable bone disorder that affected her joints".

In modern terms, the real Lady Catrina had a chronic illness and seemingly chronic pain, but it wasn't something that was publicly known since Uther, who apparently knew Catrina and the House of Tregor well, had no idea until Gaius, the court physician, told him. Yet Gaius first realized something was off because Troll!Catrina walked normally, so it must have affected her gait enough that a physician would notice but not someone who was unaware of the condition. Then again, perhaps Gaius was expecting the condition to have worsened with age, and when it didn't he became suspicious.

Like with discussion around what disease Tiny Tim might have had in A Christmas Carol, I wondered what disease Lady Catrina might have had. Not a terminal one apparently since Gaius didn't say the disease would kill her, and not one that stopped her from riding, just that made riding uncomfortable.

Some contenders:

Skeletal dysplasia: A category of rare genetic disorders that cause abnormal development of a baby's bones, joints, and cartilage. However, it might have been more physically obvious if this was what she had, so I'm not sure.

A bone or joint infection contracted as a child. Modern treatment involves antibiotics, something that would be unavailable in Catrina's time, so it's likely such an infection would weaken her for the long term.

My first thought was actually Ehlers-Danlo Syndrome, but it only affects the joints, not the bones, so that seems out.

But overall, it does sort of make me sad that, as caught up as we get in the gross troll antics of the "Beauty and the Beast" two-parter, there's this background tragedy about Lady Catrina and the fallen House of Tregor that the troll capitalized on that gets overlooked. You can almost (almost) see why Uther gets so concerned about Camelot maintaining its strong defenses at all costs when stuff like this happens to the kingdoms around them.

[aloeverified]

What To Know Before Writing an Albino Character

1) General Information:

Albinism is a genetic disorder that results in decreased production of a pigment called melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in light color or no color. Albinism is not a disease, nor do people "suffer" from it — though every albino person has their own thoughts and feelings regarding their condition. There's no cure for albinism. People with albinism are more likely to be diagnosed with skin cancer, as well as dealing with things like sun burns, but besides sight problems and eye sensitivity, most people with albinism are just as healthy as everyone else.

People with albinism are typically diagnosed at birth, as doctors can tell by their appearance. If albinism is suspected, a doctor can order a genetic test to get the most accurate results regarding type and gene mutation. Due to eye complications that come with albinism, some doctors will asks for babies to be seen by optometrists. During those eye examinations, doctors can find out if the patient has rapid eye movement, sensitivity to bright light, or misalignment of the eyes. Most people with albinism have photophobia (extreme sensitivity to bright lights), refractive errors (such as astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia), nystagmus (involuntary movement of the eyes, which can lead to abnormal head positioning), or strabismus (misalignment of the eyes).

Due to low or reduced melanin, people with albinism are extremely vulnerable to UV sun damage. To avoid damage from the sun, people with albinism are advised to wear protective clothing, hats, and sunscreen.

Along with that, people with albinism wear glasses that block out UV rays. They also use softer lights in their homes and on their electronic devices. Some albinos experience pain or headaches after being exposed to intense bright colors or eyestrain, which causes them to lean more towards pastels when regarding things they'll have to look at a lot.

People do not always like being referred to as albino, sometimes preferring the term "person/people with albinism." Many don't care, but it's overall regarded as disrespectful and sometimes derogatory to call someone "an albino/albinos" rather than an albino person or the previous listed term.

2) Types of Albinism:

There are two main types of albinism: oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) – the most common type, affecting the skin, hair and eyes, and ocular albinism (OA) – a rarer type that mainly affects the eyes. OCA is the type of albinism that most people are familiar with and that is represented more in the media. People with OA typically look the same as non-albino people, with the exception of their eyes. However, some do have slightly ligher hair and skin colors from their family members, but not by a very big extent. Their visual acuity is typically lower than normal, ranging from 20/60 to 20/400.

OA1 is caused by a change in the GPR143 gene that plays a signaling role that is especially important to pigmentation in the eye. OA1 follows a simpler pattern of inheritance because the gene for OA1 is on the X chromosome. Females have two copies of the X chromosome while males have only one copy (and a Y chromosome that makes them male). To have ocular albinism, a male only needs to inherit one changed copy of the gene for ocular albinism from his carrier mother. Therefore almost all of the people with OA1 are males. While possible if the mother is a carrier of ocular albinism and the father has ocular albinism, it is extremely rare.

As for OCA, there are currently seven forms of oculocutaneous albinism recognized – OCA1, OCA2, OCA3, OCA4, OCA5, OCA6 and OCA7. Some are further divided into subtypes. For OCA, both parents must carry the albinism gene for their child to inherit the condition.

OCA1, or tyrosinase-related albinism, results from a genetic defect in an enzyme called tyrosinase. This enzyme helps the body to change the amino acid, tyrosine, into pigment. (An amino acid is a “building block” of protein.) There are two subtypes of OCA1. In OCA1A, the enzyme is inactive and no melanin is produced, leading to white hair and very light skin. In OCA1B, the enzyme is minimally active and a small amount of melanin is produced, leading to hair that may darken to blond, yellow/orange or even light brown, as well as slightly more pigment in the skin.

OCA2, or P gene albinism, results from a genetic defect in the P protein that helps the tyrosinase enzyme to function. People with OCA2 make a minimal amount of melanin pigment and can have hair color ranging from very light blond to brown.

OCA3 is rarely described and results from a genetic defect in TYRP1, a protein related to tyrosinase. People with OCA3 can have substantial pigment.

OCA4 results from a genetic defect in the SLC45A2 protein that helps the tyrosinase enzyme to function. People with OCA4 make a minimal amount of melanin pigment similar to people with OCA2.

OCA5–7 were recognized in humans in 2012 and 2013. They have reported mutations on three additional causative genes. As gene testing becomes available, and more people with these types of albinism are identified, the complete range of physical manifestations will be recognized, and may overlap with other known types of OCA. Currently, these types of albinism are considered to be uncommon.

Albinism occurs in all race and ethnic groups across the world, but there are some types that are more common amongst certain groups. The most common types of albinism found in the black population of Southern Africa are OCA2 and OCA3. OCA3 is also the most common type found amongst Asian populations. It's important to do research on people with albinism who are the same ethnic/racial group as your character(s) to make sure you are representing them correctly as albinism looks different for each group of people.

As a side note, it's important to know that people with albinism do not always have red eyes. Even those who appear to have red eyes don't actually have that eye color, but it's rather a result of the lack of pigment, which makes the iris paler and thus, the retina more visible. People with albinism can have pretty much any eye color as long as it's a light shade; I've personally met other albino people who've had blue, red, pink, green, purple, and even yellow. In pictures, however, they eyes typically always appear some shade of red.

3) Recognize How People With Albinism Are Treated:

In places like China, having albinism is considered bad luck and many who have it are ostracized and excluded from mainstream society. They're also considered unattractive and inferior to many. Besides their physical disabilities, many Chinese people with albinism say that finding a partner is their biggest struggle.

Africa is one of the most dangerous places for albino people. In West Africa, some communities and families consider it a misfortune to give birth to Albinos and hence, attempts are made to either kill them at birth or banish them from the community. They are constantly abused and ridiculed by the public with derogatory names and social tags that serve as a form of stigmatization.

In many countries of sub-Saharan Africa, people with albinism suffer discrimination and ostracism and are seen as a curse. Many superstitions look at people with albinism as a source of income, so they are mutilated and the parts of their bodies are used in rituals of black magic, under the belief that they give wealth and fortune to those who own them. Some cultures believe that they do not die, but disappear, or that having sex with a person with albinism cures AIDS — which causes a high rate of sexual assault amongst those with albinism.

Not all places view albinism as bad though. In Panama, many people view those with albinism as lucky. In America, many people don't may much mind to those with albinism besides staring and making comments.

Overall, it's worthy to note how people with albinism are treated in the country your character(s) live in. Albinism dictates a lot in people's lives, but for some it can be the cause of their death or severe injury and trauma. People with albinism don't want extensive descriptions of their own trauma, but it's important to not gloss over how they're treated. If your character is from a fantasy setting then you can attempt to reflect how they're treated by looking at countries in the real world most similar to your fictional one.

4) Things To Avoid:

In Hollywood, people with albinism are often depicted as evil. It's become very rare that someone with this condition is viewed positively, they're always either a villain or a comedic relief character whose condition is used to mock them. Avoid both of these as much as you can. If you'd like to make your character with albinism a villain, make them compelling and give them a justifiably reason for their path: don't just make them someone whose naturally evil. If they're comedic relief, don't make them being albino apart of their jokes — give them a personality and make them likable.

Don't make them albino just because you think it's cool. Almost every person with albinism identifies as disabled and it's important to showcase their struggles, specifically with their sight and how they interact with situations that involve bright lights and such. Make sure you're not making them into a pity show, though, as disabled characters shouldn't solely revolve around their disabity. A good example of a character whose disability is a main part of her character but not the only part of it is Toph Beifong from Avatar: The Last Airbender, who is blind like many albino people. That's not to say that people with disabilities are or should be defined by their struggles, but that those struggles are real and often difficult to navigate. They are part of us and help to make us who we are. It might just be my opinion, but if you can ignore all their hardships then that's not an authentic portrayal of anything, really.

People with albinism are also very likely to be bullied for their appearance and viewed as unattractive, so it can be very positive representation to show your albino character as attractive. They don't have to be the most beautiful person in the cast, nor should you fetishize them for being disabled, but it can be nice to show other characters having feelings for them or giving them a romantic partner.

And most importantly, don't make them albino for no reason. Why does your character have albinism? What character or narrative purpose does it serve? How would the story be different if they didn't have albinism? Ask yourself these questions, and if you can't come up with good answers then maybe your character shouldn't have albinism. Think about how being albino affects them, the people around them, their story, and the overall plot. Are you making them albino for the sake of seeming diverse and woke or because you want to represent this group of people?

If your story is leaning into fantasy then you can come up with very easy explanations for why your character is albino. Maybe their people live underground and evolving to have albinism was what as best for their survival. Maybe your character is a clone, in which case they don't need their parents to have the albinism gene.

5) Closing Notes

This is just a general overview for people to get started on writing their albino characters. It's important to talk with actual albino people as you continue writing. Please do your own research on people with albinism to get more detailed insight on the condition.

If you're making a professional piece of work then you consider hiring an albino sensitivity reader to help ensure your depictions are appropriate. If there's anything you're unsure of in the meantime, researching or asking an albino person is best.

[foone]

Wait ok but if learning magic changes your genes does that mean it can be passed on genetically once you have learned it? And what would happen if the child of two wizards got 2 W chromosomes? Like either JUST WW or like, XXWW?

Nah, wizard gametes are haploid just like thaumatypicals. So they end up combining to produce the usual XX and XY, you just also get some non-viable options like XW and YW, and the exceptionally non-viable WW.

That said, there are some abnormal cell division genetic disorders that COULD result in a viable zygote with XXW/XYW genes. This means you have magic power from day zero without any of the ability to control it that wizard training is supposed to impart, which rarely ends well.

This is why wizards usually avoid having kids. These sorts of genetic issues become more common as you get older, and wizards tend to be old. It's especially bad if you're the one pregnant, to be honest. You'd thing having another source of magic power within your body would be awesome, but that assumes the baby is aiding you in any way. They're not, they're doing their own thing. It's a full time job being pregnant with an untrained wizard, as you gotta be constantly making sure to keep them from accidentally fireballing you from the inside out and/or turning you into a frog or teleporting you halfway to the moon.

It goes double for pregnant chronomancers. Magical ability isn't usually inheritable, yes, but similar to how babies will pick up the basic sounds of their mother tongue while in the womb, they'll also pick up the magical affinities.

There's too many cautionary tales about chronomancers that gave birth to a baby who turned out to be in their mid-thirties, or a fetus that disappeared and ended up in the womb of their great-grandfather a century before, causing a nasty genetic time-loop.

You have no idea what a headache for inheritance law this causes.

[friendsofmedusa]

Genuine question: what exactly do you think intersex is?

Hey nonny!

Mh, I'm not sure whether I like the way this question is being asked: I have no "opinion" on intersex conditions, it doesn't matter what I think. What matters is years of medical reasearch. Which is what my knowledge of intersex conditions is based on?

Still, I'll pretend your question was asked in good faith so I'll give you an introduction.

Disclaimer: I am no doctor, if anything I'm about to say is incorrect, please DO correct me. The last thing I'd want is to spread misinformation.

Intersex conditions are known in the medical field as DSDs: Disorders of Sexual Developments.

The name says it all, actually: these "are conditions with an atypical chromosomal, gonadal or phenotypic sex, which leads to differences in the development of the urogenital tract and different clinical phenotypes." (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6976999/#:~:text=Disorders%20of%20sexual%20development%20(DSD,tract%20and%20different%20clinical%20phenotypes.). This, in everyday language, means that the fetus might present ambiguous external and internal gonad configuration, and/or an atypical karyotype (ie, genes).

Debunking myths about intersex conditions: ambiguous genitalia are actually pretty rare!

Studies shows that instances of ambiguous genitalia happen in about 1 every 5,000 live births, putting them at a solid 0.02%. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7845444/)

Don't get me wrong, though.

They DO happen, and doctors absolutely DO perform unnecessary cosmetic surgeries on newborns with ambiguous genitalia. This is horrific, to say the least: unless there was a medical need for the surgery to take place (eg, tissue partly covering the urethral opening), there is NO reason for a newborn's genitalia to be altered. Intersex activists have been campaigning for years to raise awareness about the topic.

Moving on.

DSDs, contrary to popular belief, are 99% of the time sex-specific: this means that they can only occur in one of the two sexes, and only some of them can occur in both.

For example, Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) targets genetical male babies (who present a Y chromosome), while Turner Syndrome (X0) targets genetical female babies (who do not present a Y chromosome).

People believe that intersex conditions undermine the notion of a binary sex system, but they actually reinforce it: even if some people are born with just four fingers on their right hand, it doesn't negate the fact that the standard number of fingers for humans to have on their hands is five.

The medical impact DSDs have on a person varies greatly from person to person.

Men with Klinefelter Syndrome may have no issues related to it whatsoever, or may develop gynaecomastia, hypogonadism, and infertility issues.

This is why a considerable number of intersex people find out they are intersex well into their adult age: not having ambiguous genitalia, or any major medical issue, it just goes unnoticed.

Debunking myths about intersex conditions: that infamous paper and the 1.7% statistic.

Dr. Sterling's paper has been long debunked. 1.7% of the general population is not, in fact, intersex. Dr. Sterling ended up with that number by including conditions which are still debated on whether they fit the "intersex" label or not. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12476264/). Some doctors put the estimate at 0.018% of the population.

I'll stop here before we go into a full medical breakdown of what intersex conditions are. I hope, whatever you reason for asking me this was, you got the answer you wanted.

[indynerdgirl]

Just found out today my younger cousin, Chelsea, suffered a miscarriage of her first baby at 20wks back in January. It was discovered that she has a rare genetic disorder and it was passed on to the baby which unfortunately caused severe cardiac abnormalities in their baby girl leading to the miscarriage.

So if you wouldn't mind praying for my cousin and her husband, Charles, during this difficult time for them, I would greatly appreciate it. ❤️

[nunalastor]

(Reply to the cursed webbed hooves incest ask from a few days ago)

When occurring alone without any other disorders/syndromes, syndactyly (webbed toes/fingers) is always autosomal dominant, meaning that it cannot be inherited through a parent which doesn't have it. We know that Charlie doesn't have it, but since we've never seen Luci's feet, he could have webbed feet/hooves, which would be really cute if he did. But in that case, the syndactyly wouldn't be caused by incest, but rather by one of the parents already having the genes and simply passing them on.

Inbreeding is dangerous specifically because family members tend to carry the same (potentially dangerous) recessive alleles due to them being closely related and likely receiving them from the same person. Some of these recessive alleles might be deleterious mutations, which are the reason why incest is so infamously associated with health problems.

The most simple genetic model to explain how this works is Mendel's Punnett square (I recommend googling this to visualise), which goes as follows: 2x dominant alleles result in offspring with a phenotype (visible characteristics) of the dominant allele (genotype AA), and 2x recessive alleles result in offspring with a phenotype of the recessive allele (genotype aa). It gets more interesting when putting together 2 people with each 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele (genotype Aa), this results in 75% offspring of the dominant phenotype (genotypes: 25% AA and 50% Aa), and 25% of the recessive phenotype (genotype aa).

In this case, syndactyly is caused the allele A (simplified for the sake of this fucking post), meaning that AA or Aa genotypes have the syndactyly phenotype, a.k.a. people with these genotypes have webbed fingers or toes. People who don't have syndactyly have an aa genotype, meaning that they also cannot pass on a syndactyly allele to their offspring.

Since syndactyly is caused by a dominant gene, it isn't and cannot be caused by inbreeding outright.

You might have noticed that I explicitly talked about syndactyly separate from any other disorders/syndromes. Well, that is because syndactyly can also be a symptom associated with a number of rare conditions. I'm not going to list all of them because there's a lot, but what you need to know is that its most commonly associated condition is none other than Down's Syndrome, which is believed to be caused by chance alone. Said chance increases as the parents age, but it is not inherited, and its chances of occurring are probably not increased via inbreeding.

With most of these other disorders, it is quite apparent if one has it, therefore we can safely say that neither Charlie or Luci have such a condition. And since most of the other conditions are dominant, which means that we can skip these since the argument has already been made.

However, Carpenter Syndrome, Filippi Syndrome, Fraser Syndrome, and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome are all autosomal recessive conditions which might have syndactyly as an additional symptom. But if you take a look at what the other symptoms of these conditions are, you'll find that syndactyly is the least concern. Hypothetically the frequency at which these conditions occur could be increased via inbreeding due to (once again) recessive alleles coming together, but because of their rarity, we know very little about these conditions and how they are inherited as of now. The initial cause cannot be properly traced back to form a proper conclusion. And I couldn't find any studies that discussed any of these conditions and the impact inbreeding has on them.

When not outright inherited from a parent, the remainder of these conditions are caused by various types of mutations, and contrary to popular belief; incest does NOT cause mutations, it simply makes it more likely for already existing mutations to cause problems because of recessive alleles coming together.

So no, Charlie and Luci's incest babies wouldn't have webbed hooves, and if they did, it would be because of sheer bad luck unrelated to incest, or because Lucifer already has them (which is now my headcanon).

Sources:

"Webbed Fingers" by Adrian E. Flatt (scientific article)

"Genetic Consultations in the Newborn" by Robin D. Clark and Cynthia J. Curry (book, specifically chapter 33 "Syndactyly")

I'd cite my sources better but it doesn't allow me to ask anonymously if I put in links :(

Also, I should probably mention that this post is not peer-reviewed. Let me know if I messed up somewhere xoxo

adding sources is crazy

[beepingmemesauce2727]

Plans for future Spidey-Villains if I were in charge of continuing The Spectacular Spider-Man.

Mac Gargan / Scorpion:

• Private Investigator hired by J. Jonah Jameson, like in the comics

• Fails due to Peter using his spider-sense to evade him, leading to him being fired by Jameson, which not only causes him to lose his job, but also leaves him homeless, but is offered a second chance by a man claiming to work for The Kingpin

• Registers for an experimental operation by Wilson Fisk and Alastair Smythe, the idea behind the operation being to essentially create a genetically-enhanced police officer

• He is injected with multiple steroids that enhance his physical strength, and his outfitted with bulletproof armor equipped with a cybernetic tail

• Same story as in the comics basically, he is sent to capture Spider-Man, but over time, the chemical augmentations start affecting his brain and drive him to insanity, leading him to paralyze Smythe, and attack J.J.J., Peter promptly defeats him

• Eventually joins a new version of the Sinister Six

Roderick Kingsley / Hobgoblin

• Perfume company CEO, wants to buy Oscorp, but Harry doesn't like him as he thinks Oscorp is the "Osborn Family Legacy", Roderick doesn't like Harry either, seeing him as a nepo baby, (which Harry kind of is)

• Has a twin-brother named Daniel, but is less successful than Roderick, leading to constant belittling by his older brother

• Secretly does shady business deals, like in Season 2 where he attended the auction with NYC's various crime lords

• Hires a spy to infiltrate Oscorp one night, that thug discovers the Green Goblin's tech, spy steals it and brings it back to Roderick

• Roderick sees an opportunity, and creates a new persona, The Hobgoblin, and learns that Osborn used performance-enhancers to gain his superhuman powers

• Creates a chemical compound that includes all of the effects of the original Globulin Green with none of the side-effects

• Roderick decides he can frame other people as the Hobgoblin so he can get away with his crimes scott-free and take control of Oscorp and expand his business

• Multiple people are framed for being the Hobgoblin throughout the third season, including Ned Leeds, Harry Osborn, Emily Osborn, J. Jonah Jameson, and even Roderick's own brother Daniel

• Enters a turf war with Wilson Fisk

• Eventually, Roderick is outed as the Hobgoblin, and is imprisoned

Art by TheJikaruss on Deviantart

Micheal Morbius / Morbius the Living Vampire

• Born in Greece in 1939, raised in America

• Was raised by his single mother, his father left his mother before he was born

• His mother died of a rare illness which caused her blood cells to rapidly degenerate, and eventually, Michael develops this disorder as well

• He meets Emil Nikos, and they become best friends, Nikos finds out about Michael's condition and vows to help him create a cure

• They won a Nobel Prize for their achievements in hematological research, and used the money to conduct the experiment that would cure Michael of his condition in 1971

• The experiment involved injecting Michael with a serum derived from the DNA of vampire bats, and electroshock therapy to enhance Michael's mutated blood cells

• The experiment goes awry, and Michael is transformed into a hideous creature resembling a vampire

• Michael kills Nikos in a bloodthirsty rage, and only regains his senses when he has completely drained Nikos of his blood

• Wracked with immeasurable guilt, Michael attempts suicide, but saves himself as living is a habit

• He roams the world for decades, eventually stumbling upon the house of Curt and Martha Connors, who he attacks while Peter is on a school field trip to the Florida Everglades

Morris Bench / Hydro-Man

• Demolitions expert, as he is in the show

• His wife divorced him a few months prior to the series, so he's a bit depressed

• He is brought to an experiment taking place on a cargo ship overseen by Oscorp, where there are experimenting with a device that can filter out hazardous chemicals in the world's various oceans

• The ship is attacked by the Hobgoblin, who is trying to steal technology, a fight breaks out between Spider-Man and Hobgoblin, and in the scuffle, Morris is knocked overboard

• Morris' body reacts strangely to the generator's radioactive materials, which causes his body to break down and then reform itself into a body that can transform itself into living water

• Hydro-Man escapes the hospital he was held in, and runs into the Hobgoblin, who convinces Morris that Spider-Man is responsible for his condition, and Hydro-Man swears revenge against the web-slinger

• He battles Spider-Man, who defeats him by freezing him with liquid nitrogen, and handing him over to the NYPD

• He is imprisoned, but eventually thawed out to join a new version of the Sinister Six

Cletus Kasady / Carnage

• Cletus is revealed to be a serial killer like in the comics

• He was born to Roscoe and Louise Kasady, and after he tortured and killed his mother's dog, he was sent to the St. Estes Home for Unwanted Children

• After he burned down the orphanage and killed the staff and its students, he murdered his parents as revenge for locking him up in that hell-hole

• He went on to murder several more people, until he was arrested, where the judge labeled him insane and had Cletus sent to the Ravencroft Institute for the Criminally Insane, where he "befriended" Eddie Brock

• After the Venom Symbiote returns to Eddie in his and Cletus' cell, Eddie turns into Venom and causes a break out

• Little did Eddie know, the symbiote had produced an offspring, and it bonded to Cletus' bloodstream, turning the symbiote red and giving it full control over Kasady's cellular structure, making him much stronger than Eddie and Venom

• Cletus became Carnage, and resumed his killing spree, but on a mass scale, turning anyone in his way into his symbiote possessed minions

• Spider-Man realizes he has no choice but to team up with Venom. He also joins up with Black Cat, Cloak & Dagger, Morbius, Sandman, Prowler, and Silver Sable to take down Carnage and his drones

• Carnage is eventually defeated, and the symbiote hordes are returned to normal

• Cletus is imprisoned by S.H.I.E.L.D., due to the catastrophic event he just caused, and that's the last we ever see of Carnage

• Or is it?

Hobie Brown / Prowler

• He becomes friends with Peter in Season 3

• He has a bone to pick with Harry Osborn due to his doping in Season 2

• However, his girlfriend Mindy McPherson is kidnapped by the Hobgoblin's men, and he takes matters into his own hands

• He dons the Prowler suit for the first time, and takes out mutiple caches of Hobgoblin's goons throughout the city in order to get to Mindy

• He runs into Spider-Man, and they get into a disagreement on how to take down The Hobgoblin, Peter just wants to simply defeat Hobgoblin and bring him to justice, whereas Hobie wants to kill Hobgoblin, and they get into a fight

• They eventually stop fighting, and put their differences aside to save Mindy

• They defeat Hobgoblin and his men and save Mindy, but Hobgoblin escapes before he can be arrested

• Prowler eventually teams up with Spidey again during the "Maximum Carnage" event

John Jameson / Man-Wolf

• Still in Ravencroft after Season 2

• He's still obsessed with the strength he obtained during his time as Colonel Jupiter

• He is visited in his cell by J.J.J. and Miles Warren, who offers to give him back the power he so desperately wants

• He is injected with a steroid that turns him back into Colonel Jupiter, and he becomes an ally to Spider-Man again

• Warren secretly installed nanites into John's bloodstream that would activate under lunar rays

• During one night out on patrol, John keeled over in pain and transformed into a hulking canine creature dubbed The Man-Wolf

• Man-Wolf eventually attacked his father at the DB, but Spider-Man used an antidote on John that eliminated the nanites in his system and turned him back into a human

• John was eventually turned back into Man-Wolf, and kidnapped by Kraven the Hunter and forced to fight Spider-Man again during this show's adaptation of "Kraven's Last Hunt", (Man-Wolf takes the place of Vermin) but after Kraven dies, Spider-Man goes after Man-Wolf and turns him back into a human again

• Warren finds a strand of Man-Wolf's hair, and keeps it along with a sample of Globulin Green...for safe keeping

Prof. Miles Warren / Jackal

• He's taken Dr. Connors' place as ESU's science division

• He has an assistant named Debra Whitman

• He was behind Molten Man and Man-Wolf, and will be the ultimate mastermind behind the Clone Saga

• He creates a clone of Peter and Gwen, the Peter clone is used to tarnish Peter's reputation as Spider-Man, while the Gwen clone would become Miles' surrogate daughter

• Miles' wife and daughter died prior to the series in an accident, and Gwen reminded him of his daughter

• So that when she died, Miles had a mental breakdown and decided to use his expertise in cellular biology to create a perfect clone of Gwen

• But Peter and his clone eventually put aside their differences, and confronted Miles in the ESU lab

• As a last resort, he injected himself with a serum comprised of canine DNA and Norman Osborn's Goblin serum, turning him into a monster called The Jackal

• He's eventually defeated, imprisoned, and returned to his human form after a vicious fight with Peter Parker and Ben Reilly

• He later escapes prison and creates a newer, stronger clone he calls Kaine, he brainwashes Kaine and sends him after Peter and Ben

• Kaine is eventually freed from his brainwashing and kills Miles for all the people he's hurt, Peter, Gwen, Curt Connors and his family, Mark Allan, and John Jameson

Art by Lunamidnight1998 on Deviantart

Martin Li / Mr. Negative

• Was experimented on by Wilson Fisk's head scientist, Dr. Jonathan Ohnn, and was imbued with Light & Darkforce powers

• Runs a soup kitchen with Aunt May and Nathan Lubensky called F.E.A.S.T.

• Secretly a crime lord called Mr. Negative and forms a group called the Inner Demons

• The experiments by Dr. Ohnn also created Cloak & Dagger

• Becomes the third wheel in The Kingpin and Hobgoblin's Turf War

• Eventually depowered and redeemed

Thank you for reading! :)

[andthe-damned]

stupid pet peeve but like you’ve watched one video or follow one account about a disorder that doesn’t make you the expert. This lady with a little kid is talking about her kids health struggles she had when she was a baby that she has overcome and not asking for any opinions or advice strictly sharing the story and all the comments are “she looks like she has sanfillipo syndrome” “have you had her tested for sanfillipo syndrome”

Like dude the mom literally NEVER mentioned her child having a single symptom of sanfillipo maybe don’t armchair diagnose her child with an incredibly rare terminal genetic disorder? Maybe you DONT need to comment on a child’s appearance especially to say you think they look abnormal?

[44-mr-midnight-44]

saw that youre a psychology nerd ! tell me everything i need to know about bpd . i want to know more

*RUBS HANDS TOGETHER* OHOHOHO BOY YES I'M BACK BABY

Okay so, full disclaimer, I don't have BPD; I have C-PTSD.

C-PTSD and BPD are very commonly misdiagnosed as/for each other, due to their extreme similarities; one might even say that complex ("complex" is a personal abbreviation I use for C-PTSD, for future reference) is even more similar to BPD than even PTSD.

However, there's a few important distinctions:

-Complex is always caused by long-term, inescapable trauma; complex is developed because your brain gets used to the constant, overarching lack of safety and decides it needs to survive by rewriting itself a bit. BPD can be caused by trauma and often is, but it's also often times genetic.

-Complex causes the general symptoms of PTSD, such as flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of triggering events, trauma-based depression, false memories, specific paranoia, etc.; BPD can cause most of these but not generally, it's mostly because BPD and PTSD like to come in a package.

-Complex can cause mania on rare occasions but there's no link between mania and BPD; they're both known for dissociation but BPD isn't linked to psychosis.

-Probably the most important distinction is the generally "regulation" of the two; C-PTSD is primarily categorized by "shutting down" as well as "mental death", whilst BPD is categorized by intense, unstable emotions and hostile, uncontrollable bursts of emotion. BPD is more of a lack of control over yourself and a lack of stable personality whilst C-PTSD is more of a controlling yourself far too much and numbing who you could be.

With that out of the way, BPD!!

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a cluster B personality disorder categorized by a crippling fear of abandonment, lack of regulation over one's emotions, dissociation, and impulsivity.

BPD tends to cause the sufferer to have paranoid, irrational thoughts about loved ones; often times strangers, too, such as fearing that they're all secretly thinking about leaving you for another friend they like more or secretly hate you but feel trapped in the relationship.

The lack of stable personality leads to fluctuating states of mood, which often times leads one to almost seem like a different person in response to different factors; one with BPD, for example, may have inflated empathy one day but have narcissistic qualities another day, or may be affable and social one day and isolated and afraid another.

It's common for someone with BPD to struggle with self-image and identity crisis, without a stable image of who they are or who they want to be viewed as.

Dissociation is also an extremely common symptom! Dissociation (if you don't already know) is when you're emotionally numb, and generally leads to gaps in memory or feels like someone sucked all your brain stuff out your brain. It's not fun, but it's how the brain copes sometimes.

The most infamous part of BPD is most definitely the unstable relationships; those with BPD are in a constant state of "who's going to leave next?" or "who's going to hurt me next?", and it's important to remember that reminding people with BPD that they make relationships "difficult" and always feeling like "walking on egg shells" is both something they already know and fear and doesn't help in the slightest. /lh /nay

When it comes to BPD, clarification is everything. It can be hard to regain trust after they've only been hurt one time, as to someone who's been expecting and waiting for it due to their mind being turned against them it can be Earth-shattering. They're just as terrified of hurting you as they are of you hurting them in almost every case (I say "almost every case" because every person is different; malice comes in many forms, even those with inflated empathy or a tendency to care for others have malice, it's not just the "scary" disorders!).

I saw a good post on this, so Imma basically parakeet what was said:

Instead of saying "I went to the store yesterday", say "I went to the store yesterday as I wanted to buy some snacks for my dog." Little details help them feel more engaged, and like you don't dread talking to them!

Instead of saying "nothing happened today", say "not much happened, although I do remember seeing a really pretty bird on my walk today." It helps them feel more like you're interested in talking to them and trust them with information!

Instead of saying "work was busy", say "work was real hectic, someone came in with a Bop-It for whatever reason. Haven't seen one of those in years!" You get the idea?

It's also always important to clarify that it isn't their fault, because the first place their mind will go will be that it's their fault. If they accidentally hurt you feelings, then say "it's okay, I'm not mad at you, this doesn't change how I view you. It was an accident, alright?" and maybe giving a simple solution to "make it up to you" can be good too, because it can be very affirming!

People with BPD, just like any cluster B personality disorder, or disorder in-general, are awesome people too, they just have an extra weight on their shoulders. I've met some pretty stellar people with BPD; just like anyone, they need support to stay healthy, and they're nothing to be afraid of. Don't let any stigma get to you!

Anyone with any additions/corrections feel free to add on, I'll be sure to reblog yours. :)