#Oklahoman history

[baebeylik]

Kapucha (Stickball). Brenner Billy, Choctaw(Chahta) American. 2019. Oklahoma.

The Choctaw Cultural Center.

[jack-o-rabbit]

Hatsune Miku from my culture <3

[mimi-0007]

Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Still whites don't care.

[oklahomahistory]

The Seminoles

The Seminoles This tribe originated in the early 1700s from Yamasee and Lower Creeks who migrated into northern and central Spanish Florida following their defeat by the South Carolinians in the Yamasee War. Military confrontations with white settlers as well as dwindling game for food perpetuated this exodus throughout the eighteenth century. The emigrants grew increasingly autonomous from the Lower Creeks. Gradually, they took on the name “Seminole,” meaning “wild” “runaways,” or “separatists,” which reflected their watershed departure. Later in the 1700s, the Seminoles welcomed black slaves escaping Spanish masters into their company. Though apparently retaining their servile status, these descendants of Africa lived in communities near the Seminole villages, grew into a significant component of the tribe, and received treatment as virtual equals. Following the American defeat of the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend, more Creeks headed to Florida to join the Seminoles. This time, Upper-not LowerCreeks, pro-British “Red Stick” veterans of the War of 1812, comprised the majority of the migrants. The war refugees ballooned the Seminole population from thirty-five hundred to six thousand. By 1815 these disparate companies comprised a formidable though still small nation. Their resistance to removal from their Florida homelands, however, casts a large legacy in American history books. Hunting on lands in that state as well as southern Georgia and Alabama, they centered their communities in Florida and lived as town-dwellers. Unlike the other southeastern tribes, they eschewed farming. The Seminoles’ initial significant conflict as a tribe with the United States occurred in 1817 to 1818 with the first of a series of “Seminole Wars.” White Georgian slave owners, whose major (and Constitutionally protected) financial capital in the economic system of the time consisted of their black slaves, complained to the U.S. government about runaways among these folk living with the Seminoles. General Andrew Jackson, in the latest of a long series of battles (violent as well as non-violent) with Natives, led an American army into Florida to retrieve the escapees, burning down a Seminole town in the process. As they did in many other places, from the time the United States purchased Florida from Spain in 1819, American settlers began swarming onto the tribe’s land, settling it, and then urging the U.S. government to remove the resident tribes. In 1823 the powers in Washington gained the Seminoles’ agreement to the Treaty of Tampa, which required the tribe’s move south to the swampy inland Everglades region east of Tampa. Even this did not work, because the Indians accused whites of harassment and the whites accused the Seminoles of theft, property destruction, and violence. The whites demanded the tribe’s relocation to Indian Territory. The Seminoles’ toughness, geography, history, leadership, and sense of place and other cultural traditions would generate a less than cordial response from them toward federal soldiers’ efforts to force them west. An early 1800s Seminole village in Florida, prior to the tribe’s wars with the United States and the exile of most of them to Indian Territory. Read the entire Oklahoma story in John J. Dwyer’s The Oklahomans: The Story of Oklahoma and Its People volume 1 of a 2-part series on the 46th state and the people who make this state very special.

[dragonomatopoeia]

before i forget: reminder that the american folklife center's occupational folklife project has a digital collection of oral history interviews with workers all over the united states, from appalachian professional wrestlers and oklahoman circus performers to waste management workers in vermont

[eptodaytommorowforever]

Events In The History And Of The Life Of Elvis Presley Today On The 11th Of September 1970.

Elvis Presley Plays In Detriot The City Of Motown In Michigan At The Olympia Arena On The 11th Of September In 1970.

Elvis Presley performed at the Olympia Arena, Detroit, Michigan. The whole gang had their own things to attend: Charlie Hodge remained stage manager and general assistant to Elvis Presley providing him with water and scarves. Lamar Fike was taking care of the lighting. Sonny West responsible for the security and Richard Davis controlled the wardrobe. Dr. Nichopoulos was tour doctor and Joe Esposito remained in overall command. The Fat Controller The Colonel Parker always arrived before Elvis Presley and the Band in each city.

That's All Right(Arthur “Big Boy” Crudup cover)

I've Got a Woman(Ray Charles cover)

Amen

I Walk the Line(Johnny Cash cover)

Love Me Tender

I've Lost You(Matthews’ Southern Comfort cover)

You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'(Barry Mann cover)

Polk Salad Annie(Tony Joe White cover)

Release Me (And Let Me Love Again)(Eddie Miller and His Oklahomans cover)

Polk Salad Annie(Tony Joe White cover)

Johnny B. Goode(Chuck Berry cover)

The Wonder of You(Ray Peterson cover)

Detroit City(Mel Tillis cover) Elvis Presley briefly mentions its a honor Playing in the city of Motown and does a fantastic version of Detriot City.

Heartbreak HotelPlay

Blue Suede Shoes(Carl Perkins cover)

Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On(Big Maybelle cover)

All Shook Up

Blue Suede Shoes(Carl Perkins cover)

Hound Dog(Big Mama Thornton cover)

Bridge Over Troubled Water(Simon & Garfunkel cover)

Funny How Time Slips Away(Willie Nelson cover)

Suspicious Minds(Mark James cover)

Can't Help Falling in Love

Above Set Song List For This Sold Out Awesome! Show.

Rare Candid Fans Unseen Till Now! Photos Of Elvis Presley Arriving At Detroit Airport In Michigan. Also Performing At The Olympia Arena Wearing The White Chain Jumpsuit Red Silk Scarf And Red Macrame Belt Also Rare Olympia Arena Concert Poster From 1970.

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Daniel Villarreal at LGBTQ Nation:

Over a dozen public school districts in Oklahoma have said they won’t comply with a recent directive requiring them to teach about the Bible and the Ten Commandments. The state’s anti-LGBTQ+ Superintendent of Public Instruction Ryan Walters issued the directive in June and has threatened to penalize “rogue” districts that refuse “immediate and strict compliance” to his demands.

The state’s largest districts–including Bixby, Broken Arrow, Caddo, Collinsville, Deer Creek, Jenks, Moore, Norman, Owasso, Piedmont, Stillwater, Tulsa, and Yukon–have all publicly said they won’t alter their curriculum to follow Walters’ directive because it may violate state laws. Walters’ office released a five-page guideline last week on how to incorporate the Bible into lessons in late July, The Oklahoman reported. Walters’ guidance said that school lessons in grades five-through-12 should focus on the Bible’s influence on history, literature, music, and other arts and culture. His guidance also requires every classroom to contain a physical copy of the book and copies of the Ten Commandments, the U.S. Constitution, and the Declaration of Independence, The Hill reported. The defiant school districts have said they won’t follow his order and will instead follow the current academic standards approved by the Oklahoma Legislature. Current state standards give schools the option to incorporate the Bible into their lessons, but it doesn’t require them to do so.

[...] Miller suspects Walters would like the issue to advance to the U.S. Supreme Court where the court’s 6-3 conservative majority might rule in his favor. Conservatives have admitted that Republican attempts to insert Christianity and censor LGBTQ+ content in classrooms is part of a larger plan to delegitimize public schools so that taxpayer funds may go to Christian and exclusionary private schools instead. In early April, Walters announced rules banning “pornographic material” and “sexualized content” from public school libraries, including 190 LGBTQ+ titles. The state attorney general invalidated that order as well. But while Walters and U.S. conservatives nationwide are eager to ban such “pornographic” books from schools, they seemingly don’t want that standard applied to the Bible.

The Bible — which isn’t an authoritative history text, as elucidated by Notre Dame University — contains stories of “incest, [masturbation], bestiality, prostitution, genital mutilation, fellatio, dildos, rape, and even infanticide,” one Utah parent reportedly noted in March. The book also contains passages supporting slavery and advocating for the murder of LGBTQ+ people and of women who have pre-marital sex. The Bible has a story about two daughters who get their dad drunk to have sex with him to become impregnated. The Bible also mentions a woman who fondly remembers her lover as having “the penis like a donkey and a flood of semen like a horse.” Walters, who wants to ban LGBTQ+ books but teach the Bible in public school history classes, has previously pushed the transphobic lie about schools providing litterboxes to students who identify as cats. He also referred to teachers’ unions as “terrorist organizations” and illegally tried to make rules banning LGBTQ+ books and transgender bathroom access in schools.

Oklahoma’s chief indoctrinator Ryan Walters told the state’s schools to teach the Bible. Many school districts are rightly refusing to obey his deranged separation of church and state-violating directive, and even AG Gentner Drummond isn’t buying it.

[mariacallous]

For decades a museum of Jewish art in Tulsa, Oklahoma, held the remains of several unidentified Holocaust victims in its collection.

But last week the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art took steps to give those remains a proper home, by burying and holding a Jewish funeral for them.

“We are committed to preserving history in a way that respects human dignity,” Sofia Thornblad, the museum’s chief curator, told local news organizations. “This burial is a testament to our dedication to honoring the memories of Holocaust victims and educating future generations about the importance of remembrance and ethical stewardship.”

The museum said the remains likely dated back to before the year 2000, when it was more common for museums to accept human remains into their collections. Shifting priorities in the museum space have led to a reexamination of such practices. The Tulsa museum also includes an extensive collection of Holocaust-era artifacts donated by Jewish Oklahomans, including refugees from Nazi Germany.

Thornblad said the museum was “unable” to perform any DNA testing that might have revealed the identities of the remains, but said that they had originally come from the Auschwitz and Dachau concentration camps. (Jewish groups including Operation Benjamin have invested considerable resources as of late into identifying and reburying World War II-era Jewish remains.)

The Tulsa museum isn’t the only one to have taken steps to bury remains of Holocaust victims in its collection. In 2019 the Rockland Holocaust Museum and Center for Tolerance and Education, in Rockland, New York, announced it would hold a proper Jewish funeral for the ashes of victims of the Chelmno death camp it had recently discovered in its collection. The ashes had been donated in 2006 by a Holocaust survivor who’d gathered dirt from the camp, apparently without realizing it held the ashes of others.

The same year, the Imperial War Museum in London also announced it had the remains of several Jewish death camp victims in its collection and would be giving them a Jewish funeral. The remains of five adults and a child, all murdered at Auschwitz, were donated in 1997 by a private donor; the museum’s decision to bury them on English soil marked the first time that Holocaust victims had been laid to rest in the United Kingdom, according to Museums Journal.

The question of what to do with human remains has vexed museums in recent years, particularly when it comes to Native American remains. Decades after passage of a law urging tribal remains to be returned to their descendants, many museums had yet to act on their own collections, according to a ProPublica investigation last year.

Those present at the Tulsa funeral last Thursday, held at a Jewish cemetery, included local rabbis, an archaeologist, and local descendants of Holocaust survivors. Thornblad was among those who took turns shoveling dirt into the grave, in accordance with Jewish custom.

[kekkuda]

holy shit I miss being able to stand and go to protests back home

I fucking hate Kevin Stitt and his wretched hounds for continuing to destroy what little the people of Oklahoma have left

I miss how anarchist groups were comprised of such solidarity between trans and indigenous folks because of how few Oklahomans have a damn about our respective issues. The solidarity and embrace of intersectionality in a state so hostile to leftist action is something I miss so much. There were so few of us, and it was so hard to keep up morale knowing we were shouting into a void, but putting up a show that we weren’t going to submit easily even with the odds stacked against us though they were. Even should we fail, there was a peace that came with accepting that we might see the fruits of our labor in our lifetimes

Nex Benedict belonged to the Choctaw Tribe, Nex Benedict was 2spirit

The Oklahoma government has quite the history of brutalizing trans and indigenous folk and counting on nobody caring enough to worry about covering their tracks, don’t let Kevin Stitt, Chaya Raichik, Ryan Walters, or any of those devils feel peace for how they continue to force queers out of the state under threat of death, and do not forget the inhumanity of those who continue to wreak havoc upon the tribes who were forcibly relocated to the state in the first place. Fucking robbed of their ancestral lands and given tiny slices of land in a state so undesirable it was considered no man’s land. And even then, the state of Oklahoma isnt content to let the cultures the tourist board endlessly commodifies have even the slightest of good things. The OKGOV is hungry. They want a slice of the consolation prize and now they get to squeal with glee that they got away with the murder of a member of the Choctaw Nation and the Queer community in one go.

By god I hope those absolute demons in the OK Capitol and the US Capitol live to pay for what they’ve done to permanently destroy any hopes the people of Oklahoma had left. absolutely unrepentantly evil

[starstruckxstray]

Who the Heck is Kerosene?

Name: Kerosene (Currently)

Former name: Jaden Chien

Age: 25 (at death).

Date of Birth: November 8th, 1997 Date of Death: January 01, 2022

Gender: Female

Species:  Catahoula Cur/Coastal Wolf Hybrid; Lantern Spirit (Formerly human)

Pronouns: She/Her

Cause of death: Fire in her car, unable to escape due to passing out from mixing drugs and alcohol.

Powers: Breathes fire, able to manipulate fire’s shape and color (Limited only to her own fire), can manifest barbed wire as whips or nets, can manifest an old kerosene lantern and will-o-wisps.

Physical Description: Kerosene stands at 5 feet, and is of curvy figure. Her general appearance can be seen in the images below.

Her main form:

Full reference sheet of her main form can be seen here

Her alternate human form (Art credit belongs to ComicReliefAki!) :

Personality: As much as she doesn’t like to admit it, Kerosene is actually quite sensitive and struggles not to take things personally. Because of this, she tries to appear fierce, and is quick to suspect malicious intent from others. She can be sarcastic and foul-mouthed, though that is something she’s trying to curtail; unfortunately, it shows when her quick temper and defensive nature gets the best of her. Her voice is surprisingly light and carries a soft southern drawl, hinting to her Oklahoman descent.

She likes to think she is funny and tends to show off her twisted sense of humor in hopes to gain favor with others. She also likes to think herself as a heartbreaker, a “love-em and leave-em” type though this may merely be a cover. She enjoys flirting, especially if it gets her positive attention. She has a tendency to get intimate with people to continue that attention, becoming needy for any soft touch at times. She struggles with the idea of a long-term romantic relationship, however, and has a history of pushing potential lovers away and running.

Quite the daydreamer, Kerosene can be absent-minded, which tends to get her into trouble. She prides herself in being self-reliant and carries a determination of steel when it comes to difficult obstacles.

Kerosene adores nature. She can name most common native prairie plants, can identify (and will complain about) invasive plants, and will stop to ���ooh” and “aaw” over any animal she comes across. She enjoys observing nature and meditating on the possible life lessons it can give her.

History:  (Warning: This story contains mentions of s*icide, drugs, abuse, and religion) 

Born and raised in the lower Midwest, Kerosene had once been a very soft-spoken and cautious woman. While she loves her parents and siblings dearly, she harbors a lot of resentment about being abandoned by extended family, a result of a life-long battle for control led by her narcissistic grandmother. The exile has always weighed heavily upon her shoulders and she always placed the blame of it upon herself. It’s this guilt that keeps her from reaching out to her immediate family, especially after they are struck with hard times. It seemed that moving out and keeping herself out of their home and fridge helped alleviate their stress. Though she always had the desire to travel the world, she kept her focus on trying to get an advanced college degree and a decent-paying job.

“She would save up to travel” was her go-to compromise, though truly she is deeply concerned about making ends meet. Though she graduated with a degree in ecology, she struggles to find any work focused on pro-environmental science and finds herself bouncing from job to job to keep herself afloat. The constant turmoil her lower-paying, customer-driven jobs leave her exhausted and very frustrated with the world.  She looked to her faith as the main driving force that kept her from giving up entirely on life.

Her shaky way of life collapses when she makes a large mistake at her workplace that finally gets her fired. After weeks of searching for work and within her heart, Kerosene fears her life is falling apart because she may have ultimately been rejected by God. That was the only thing that kept her from ending it all, and the idea that perhaps even God didn’t want her left her broken up and reeling. Kerosene fell into her desperation to escape from everything. How she was to be saved and get her life together was unknown to her, all she wanted to do was numb the pain. She did it through fleeting relationships with anyone who looked her way, experimenting with prescription drugs and alcohol, and knocking herself out for hours at a time. The sorrow deepened into an intense sickness of the heart, and it had become beyond what she could handle.

Kerosene set off for the Northwest coast. It was a place she fantasized about living in. The mist-veiled coastlines, endless evergreen forests, and looming purple mountains brought her a sense of peace. Often, she wondered if that was what Heaven was like. If she was going to lie down for one last time, it would be somewhere as close to Heaven as she could possibly get.

 Her journey had been snapped short on one night, just hours before midnight signifying New Year’s Day. After slipping a couple of pills and some liquor at a parking lot on the edge of a state park, she ends up passing out in her old car. What was supposed to be a cold yet quiet sleep became a fiery disaster when the forgotten blunt hanging from her lips fell and hit the carpet behind her seat; the carpet still soaked from the gasoline that managed to spill from a gas can she didn’t close properly. The sparks ignited the gasoline, and the car went up in flames, with her dying from smoke inhalation.

Kerosene awakes, wheezing, her chest blazing, and her memory blurred. She didn’t know how she managed to flee from the chaos, nor where she was anymore. Something was missing, and it didn’t feel right. She didn’t feel like herself, she didn’t feel human, and a numbing terror struck through her core.

Thankfully, however, she soon realized that she didn’t end up in Hell, nor was this her end. Rather she was given another chance. She ventured forward in a new form, crossing different worlds and realms to find her purpose, her identity, and help others who also feel lost in their own lives.

Important information: Even though she is a spirit, it doesn't grant her god-like abilities. She does take on a fully physical body once she is in the verse where the story takes place. She will need to eat, sleep, and try not to get killed (again). 

[reasoningdaily]

Gannonknight: Black History Month: A month-long observance of Black greatness

The month of February is known as Black History Month in the US. During this month, the nation observes the remarkable history of the extraordinary Black men and women who contributed to the development of the nation as we know it today.

The month of February is a time for Black Americans and others to celebrate and recognize the achievements of their ancestors and to give a spotlight to the many prominent Black figures who were pioneers in numerous industries that are not normally celebrated otherwise.

Every year Black History Month is assigned a theme. This year (2024) the theme is “African Americans and the Arts” according to The Oklahoman. Previous themes have been, Black Resistance (2023), Black Health and Wellness (2022), The Black Family, (2021), African Americans and the Vote (2020), and Black Migrations (2019) to name a few.

Today, we have the privilege to celebrate Black History for the entire month of February, but when the celebration first started it was only one week. In 1924 Harvard-trained, American historian and author, Carter G. Woodson, later nicknamed “the father of Black history” wanted to designate a specific time to research and educate the community about the achievements and accomplishments of Black Americans, according to NPR.

Woodson believed young Black Americans were not adequately taught about their heritage in this country and believed that Black history was something that should be studied and taught more extensively in the average school curriculum.

With the goal of education in mind, Woodson would partner with his fraternity Omega Psi Phi, to create the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH), according to History.com. The ASNLH, now known as the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), would promote “Negro History Week” to be observed the second week of February within public schools and some other educational organizations.

As word spread and racial tension in the country pressed on, many more schools and education groups would adopt the concept of Negro History Week. Around the 1940s the incentive to extent Negro History Week was already brewing.

It was not until 1976 when the ASALH would openly start to advertise Black History Month, which would be observed institutionally during the entire month of February. The month was first recognized by the government that same year by President Gerald Ford who encouraged the public to acknowledge the achievements of their Black counterparts and to properly accredit the accomplishments of the Black Americans.

So, why the month of February? This month was not picked at random. Woodson chose the month of February as the month to observe Black history for two reasons. First, the birthday of the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, is on February 12. This is significant because during Lincoln’s presidency he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that “all free persons held as slaves” in the rebellious south “are, and henceforth shall be free,” according to National Archives. Second, Black History Month is held in February because, African American abolitionist, author, and orator, Frederick Douglas marked February 14 as his birthday.

Both Douglas and Lincoln were central figures in Black history, and they have been celebrated for their efforts and contributions to Black history and civil rights in the US. For these reasons Woodson believed that February was the appropriate month to observe this history.

Today, Black History Month is one of the nation’s oldest organized celebrations of history. Other countries around the world including the United Kingdom and Canada have established their own forms of Black History Month, also observed in February.

Many historians and observers believe that Black history is not something that should only be celebrated in February, and even Woodson agreed. The impact of Black Americans over the course of the history of the United States and the rest of the world is felt regularly. Being aware of the amazing triumphs that specifically Black Americans have made in areas such as music, business, literature, technology, fashion, language, and the arts is something that the world should celebrate all-year-round.

[baebeylik]

Untitled. By Gaylord Oscar Herron. Tulsa, Oklahoma. 1973.

The Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.

[tomorrowusa]

An Oklahoma Republican legislator introduced legislation aimed at furries in schools. It's even dumber than that sounds.

An Oklahoma Republican lawmaker, state Rep. Justin Humphrey, has introduced a controversial bill seemingly targeting students who identify as furries in schools. This development comes as thousands of bills are being filed before the 2024 Oklahoma legislative sessions, many of which are unlikely to become law. House Bill 3084 prohibits students who claim to be imaginary animals or engage in anthropomorphic behavior commonly associated with the furry subculture from participating in school activities, The Oklahoman reports. Under the proposed legislation, parents or guardians must pick up these students from school. In an unprecedented move, if parents cannot do so, the bill mandates that animal control services should be contacted to remove the student. Humphrey's proposal aligns with a broader conservative narrative that has seen similar unfounded claims being made nationwide. These claims have been widely debunked, often involving myths about schools accommodating students who identify as animals. Despite this, conservative politicians, including Humphrey, continue to push this narrative. In Oklahoma, the myth of schools providing litter boxes for students identifying as animals, though thoroughly disproven, has found traction in political discourse. Humphrey's history of sponsoring contentious bills is well-documented. Notably, in 2017, he introduced a bill that sought to give men a say in abortion decisions, calling women "hosts." He has also attempted to lessen penalties for cockfighting in the state.

If I were a Democrat in the Oklahoma legislature (there are a few!) I'd introduce legislation forbidding boneheads from holding elective office in the state. Not only would Justin Humphrey's seat be instantly declared vacant, but Republicans would lose control of the state overnight.

The bizarre cat litter conspiracy theory has its origins with something the NRA-infested GOP doesn't like to discuss – school shootings.

In an October 2022 investigation of more than 20 conservative lawmakers making claims about litter boxes in schools, NBC News reported, "There is no evidence that any school has deployed litter boxes for students to use because they identify as cats." The report found one instance of a bucket, which was for emergencies. The bucket did contain cat litter for students to use in case of a situation like a school shooting. Those also contained first-aid kits and candy for diabetics.

Justin Humphrey is yet another reason we need to pay A LOT more attention to who sits in our state legislatures.

Check to see who represents you at your state capital. If they are MAGA Republicans, contact your county or state Democratic Party to find out how to help elect Dems to replace them.

Find Your Legislators Look your legislators up by address or use your current location.

[easy-family-recipes]

OKLAHOMA NUT CANDY

Until recently, I had never heard of Oklahoma Nut Candy. The name alone was enough to grab my attention and after a little research I learned this candy has quite the history! It was first published in 1936 in the food column of The Daily Oklahoman where it was called Aunt Bill’s Brown Candy. From there it seems to have made the rounds throughout the nation. People know a good Christmas treat when they taste it!

The instructions varied a bit throughout the years, but the ingredients have stayed largely the same. Mainly, a whole lot of sugar. If you take a peak at the ingredient list you’ll see that this recipe calls for a hefty six cups of sugar. Yup, you read that right. From there you’ll find other baking staples.

[oklahomahistory]

The Chickasaws

The Chickasaws  The power of this tribe, too, far exceeded its small numbers. The Chickasaws included at most forty-five hundred men, women, and children during the time of their southeastern residence and interaction with Europeans and white and black Americans. Like the Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles, the Chickasaws spoke a Muskhogean language. Their homeland included western Kentucky and Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and northwestern Alabama. The Chickasaws were at least as closely related to the Choctaws as the Seminoles were to the Creeks. The Chickasaws and Choctaws formed a single tribe until sometime prior to Spaniard Hernando DeSoto’s 1540 discovery of them. The tribe’s very name probably means “they left as a tribe not a very great while ago.“ But the Chickasaws possessed a much keener commitment to the art of war than the Choctaws, and they were feared by the latter (despite the Choctaws’ numerical superiority), other tribes in their region, and even eventually Europe’s most powerful nations. As Britain and France competed for control of North America-and in particular the lower Mississippi River and Valley and the Gulf ports to the south-in the early 1700s, the French cultivated the Choctaws as native allies, and the British did the same with the Chickasaws. So troublesome did the Chickasaws become to French efforts in the region, their governor of Louisiana declared in 1735 that the tribe’s “entire destruction … becomes every day more necessary to our interests and I am going to exert all diligence to accomplish it.” From 1720 to 1763 several French armies marched into Chickasaw country from southern Louisiana and Mississippi to conquer the tribe. Choctaws, white militia, and black slaves supported the armies. All these efforts failed, and the tribe remained unvanquished when France surrendered its claims on the continent to the victorious British after losing the Seven Years War-including its North American theater, the French and Indian War-to them. Horatio Cushman in his 1899 chronicle History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Natchez Indians, noted how, contrary to the Chickasaws’ long conflict with the French European powers, “neither the Choctaws nor Chickasaws ever engaged in war against the American people, but always stood as their faithful allies.’ Read the entire Oklahoma story in John J. Dwyer’s The Oklahomans: The Story of Oklahoma and Its People volume 1 of a 2-part series on the 46th state and the people who make this state very special.

[mothpawbs]

just got out of watching Killers of the flower moon and hoooly shit. oh my godd

tbh it's probably going in my top ten movies list, I have a few critiques but I need to read the book again (last time I read it was three years ago for a class) and then watch the movie again but. god. a.

idk if it hits so hard because I've read the book and have the historical context, or because I'm an Oklahoman and am so familiar with the places and the history in the movie (I mean damn, two towns mentioned aren't more than 15 minutes from my house, I drove through one on the way home) but it hit HARD.

also if you can afford to go see the movie in theaters you should really at least look at this page of how you can support the Osage nation.