#Nikolai Berdyaev

[philosophybits]

Truth has two meanings: there is truth as knowledge of reality, and truth as reality itself.

Nikolai Berdyaev, The Beginning and the End

[authenticity2025]

There is a tragic clash between Truth and the world. Pure undistorted truth burns up the world. Nikolai Berdyaev, The Divine and the Human

[dailyanarchistposts]

I

That fervent Catholic, Leon Bloy,[1] wrote in one of his works: “Suppose that there were people round you continually speaking of your father and mother with the utmost contempt, who had nothing to offer them but insults and offensive sarcasms, how would you feel? Well, this is just what happens to our Lord Jesus Christ. We forget, or rather we do not wish to know, that our God made man is a Jew, nature’s most perfect Jew, the lion of Judah, that his mother is a Jewess, the flower of the Jewish race; that the Apostles were Jews, as well as all the Prophets; and finally that our whole sacred Liturgy is drawn from Jewish books. In consequence, how may one express the enormity of the outrage and blasphemy of vilifying the Jewish race?”.

These words are addressed to Christians, who ought to understand them. In truth, the superficiality of Christians who believe they can possibly be antisemites is prodigious! As a matter of fact, Christianity, in its human origins, is a religion of messianic and prophetic type, the spirit of which, as utterly foreign to Greco-Roman spiritual culture as to Hindu culture, was introduced into world religious thought by the Jewish people. The ‘Aryan’ spirit is neither messianic nor prophetic; to await the coming of the Messiah the irruption Into history of forces beyond history is foreign to it. Moreover, the fact that German anti-semitism has evolved into anti-Christianity must be considered a highly significant syinptom. A wave of anti-semitism has broken upon the world, casting away the humanitarian theories of the nineteenth century and daily threatening to submerge new lands. In Germany, in Poland, In Rumania, In Hungary this movement is triumphant, and It is taking shape even in France, the country most fully saturated with liberal ideas, where it had suffered a defeat after the Dreyfus affair. The first alarming signs of the disease can be detected In the publication of Celine’s book,[2] a veritable call to a pogrom; and they are also betrayed by the fact that a growing number of Frenchmen reproach Leon Blum with his origins, even though he is one of the most honest, idealistic and cultured of political figures In the country. Anti-semitism is coming to the surface of political life with glaring obviousness, and the press gives us a daily account of this process.

The Jewish question, however, is not simply one of politics, economics, law or culture. It is incomparably more profound than that, a religious question with a bearing upon the fate of mankind. It is the axis about which religious history turns. How mystifying is the historic destiny of the Jews! The very preservation of this people is rationally inconceivable and inexplicable. From the point of view of ordinary historical estimates it should have vanished long ago. No other people in the world would have survived the fate which has befallen it. By a strange paradox, the Jewish people, an historic people par excellence who introduced the very concept of the historic into human thought, have seen history treat them mercilessly, for their annals present an almost uninterrupted series of persecutions and denials of the most elementary human rights. Yet, after centuries of tribulation which have strained its powers to the full, this people has preserved its unique form, known to all and often cursed. No other nation would have resisted a dispersion lasting so long without in the end dissolving and disappearing. But, according to God’s impenetrable ways, this people must apparently be preserved until the end of time. As for trying to explain its historic destiny from the materialist standpoint, this is to court certain defeat. Here we touch upon one of the mysteries of history.

The Jewish problem may be viewed from many sides, but it assumes a particular importance, as a problem essentially bound up with Christianity. In the past anti-semitism was fomented and propagated above all by Christians, for whom, precisely, it should have been least conceivable. Did not the Middle Ages witness the persecution and annihilation of the Jews by the feudal knights who thus avoided having to pay their debts! There can be no doubt that Christians bear a heavy burden of sin in regard to the people of Israel, and it is upon Christians that the duty of protecting them now rests. We know that this is already the case in Germany. It is not without value to recall, in this matter, the fact that Wladimir Solovyev [3] believed the defence of the Jews to be one of the important missions of his life. For us Christians the Jewish problem does not consist in knowing whether the Jews are good or bad, but whether we are good or bad. For it is more important that I should consider this question with reference to myself rather than to my neighbour, since I am always inclined to accuse him. It must be sadly confessed that the Christians have not risen to the height of the revelation they have received, and have in general been considerably inferior to the Jews.

The Christians and their Churches have a great many things to repent. We have just spoken of the Jewish problem, but we could also mention the social problem, that of war, that of their perpetual compliance with the most hideous regimes, and so forth. The question of inherent Jewish imperfections is of no importance in principle at this point. It is futile to deny them, for they are many. There is in particular a Jewish self-importance which is irritating, but it can be psychologically accounted for: this people, always oppressed by others, has sought compensation in the idea of its Election and its high mission. In the same way, the German people, oppressed during the years after the war, found reparation in the idea that it formed a superior race with a vocation to dominate the world. Likewise the proletariat, the most oppressed class in capitalist society, finds a remedy for the effects of this humiliation in the conviction of its own messianic mission, namely to emancipate humanity. Every individual, every class or people, defends itself as best it can against the inferiority complex.

The Jewish people is a strange people reconciling the most diametrically opposite qualities. Within it the best traits blend with the lowest, the thirst for social justice with the tendency towards gain and capitalist accumulation. The Russian people, because of its polarized nature and its messianic consciousness, shows certain similarities to the Jewish. Anti-semites “freely invoke the fact that the Bible bears witness to the cruel spirit of the Hebrews. But what people could flatter itself upon exemption from cruelty? Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Persians did they display greater forbearance? Did not the Greeks, to whom we owe the greatest culture in the world, show certain imperfections? In truth, every people must be judged by its greatest heights, not by its lowest depths. The German people must be judged by its great philosophers, its mystics, its musicians, its poets, not by its Prussian Junkers and its shopkeepers. In the same way, the Jewish people, which has a religious vocation, must be judged by its prophets and its apostles, and not by its money-lenders. Everyone is free to have his national sympathies and antipathies. Some people harbour an acute dislike for the Poles or the Rumanians. It is scarcely possible to remedy this state of affairs, for love cannot be ordered and it is difficult to overcome an unconsidered antipathy. At any rate hatred for a whole people is a sin in the same category as murder, and he who harbours it in his heart must bear the responsibility.

The question we are dealing with here is still more complex in its reference to the Jews, for they cannot be classed as a national entity. They lack many accepted attributes of a nation, and on the other hand they possess traits which cannot be classified as national. Israel is a people with an exceptional religious destiny, and it is this which determines the tragic element in its historic destiny. How could it have been otherwise? God’s chosen people, who at one and the same time gave us the Messiah and rejected him, could not have an historic destiny like that of other peoples. Their descendants are forever strengthened and united by the exclusive possession of their religious destiny. Christians are bound to acknowledge the Election of the Jewish people, for their religious doctrine demands it, but they do so most often against their will and try as much as possible to forget it.

We are living in an age of ferocious nationalism, of the worship of brute strength, of a veritable return to paganism. By a strange turn of events, we are witnessing a process diametrically opposed to the christianizing and humanizing of human societies. Nationalism should be condemned by the Christian Church as a heresy, and the Catholic Church is not far from pronouncing this verdict. But nationalism is not the only force which should be held responsible for implanting anti-semitism. To find the roots of it one must dig more deeply. There un-deniably exists a mystical fear of the Jews. True, it is experienced by creatures of a fairly low cultural level who can be easily infected by myths and legends of the most debased variety, but it plays havoc none-the-less for that.

[v-ividus]

15. Disentangling from the Web of Modern Corruption: Truth’s Bold Reinvention

“Truth is not objective, ordinary reality, reflected in the knower and entering into him from outside, but rather the enlightenment, the transfiguration of reality: it is the introduction into the world’s data of a quality, which was not there before truth was revealed and known.” — Nikolai Berdyaev

In a world relentlessly bombarded by an unyielding torrent of information, where every voice vies for dominance in an overwhelming symphony of distraction, the concept of truth emerges not merely as a flickering beacon but as a tragic casualty, all but vanquished in the quagmire of deceit. Nikolai Berdyaev’s provocative declaration that “Truth is not objective” reverberates with alarming clarity within the tangled complexities of modern existence, beckoning us to scrutinize our increasingly fragile relationship with reality.

Consider yourself ensnared in this intricate web of conflicting narratives; each thread tells a story, a fleeting truth designed to serve hidden agendas. As these subjective manipulations choreograph a dance of disillusionment, you find yourself spinning within an ever-tightening grip of ambiguity, wrestling with the disheartening void where certainty once resided.

But here lies a critical juncture in your journey—will you remain passive or seize this moment to reconstruct your moral and ethical foundations? The call is loud and clear: we must dismantle the very systems—social, political, and religious—that have conspired to bind our identities and entrap our intellect. You stand at the precipice of transformation, tasked with reclaiming your agency and renegotiating the principles that govern your existence.

This is not merely an act of defiance; it is a profound restoration of psychological strength and ethical rigor within your personal relationships, family ties, education, and broader secular life. Own this journey. Embrace the discomfort of confrontation with uncomfortable truths, for it is through this struggle that you can extricate yourself from the snares of modern corruption and emerge as a formidable architect of your own destiny, establishing a new paradigm where integrity reigns supreme. Only then can you honor the pursuit of higher ethical standards and reclaim the essence of what it means to live honestly in a world fraught with illusion.

In our relentless pursuit of validation, we risk relegating ourselves to mere spectators in the very narratives that shape our lives, becoming passive recipients of a reality crafted by external forces. To navigate this perilous landscape of deception, one must hone the art of discernment, slicing through the cacophony of information to reveal the genuine insights hidden beneath the surface.

Within an arena so rife with illusion, our survival hinges on the ability to penetrate the fog of confusion, rediscovering the powerful legacy of truth that lies buried beneath layers of artifice. In reclaiming this truth, we not only reaffirm our agency but also ascend beyond the ordinary, reconnecting with a reality that defies simplification and invites deeper exploration.

Embrace this formidable challenge; within the tumult lies an invaluable opportunity to transcend the superficial and cultivate a more profound understanding—an understanding that serves as a guiding light, illuminating your path amidst the chaos and confusion of modern existence. This is the moment to seize your narrative, to assert your place in a world that often seeks to obscure it, and to emerge empowered.

The Nature of Reality: A Fabric Woven with Threads of Perception

At its core, reality reveals itself as an expansive tapestry, intricately woven together by countless threads, each imbued with the vibrant hues of human experience. Picture yourself at the heart of this grand creation, where every strand signifies a unique emotional journey.

The bold crimson threads burst forth, with deep fervor embodying the depths of love, the searing heat of anger, and the fierce spirit of courage. These vibrant reds ignite an inferno within the soul, compelling you to confront your most primal emotions. As the crimson fades, the warmth of orange emerges, radiating creativity and enthusiasm, inviting you to dance with joy and embrace the playful currents of life.

Next, a bright and joyful yellow appears, flooding the canvas with energy and optimism. It symbolizes exhilarating moments of enlightenment that pierce through the gloom, illuminating paths even in the darkest of circumstances. Amidst this spectrum, serene green unfurls, representing renewal and growth, reminding you of nature's vitality and the promise of new beginnings. Furthermore, the calming presence of blue threads emerges, embodying tranquility and trust, echoing moments of peace and introspection that soothe your tumultuous thoughts.

As we travel deeper into this vivid spectrum, soft indigo hues invite self-reflection, enhancing your intuition and guiding you toward a clearer understanding of your inner self. Flashes of violet bring spiritual awareness and inspire a quest for deeper meaning, symbolizing the boundless possibilities that lie in wait. Finally, the ever-present shadows of black creep in, a haunting reminder of fear, loss, and despair that challenges you to reckon with the complexities of existence. Together, these colors weave a rich narrative of the human experience—a compelling interplay of light and darkness that captures both the beauty of joy and the weight of sorrow in the grand design of life.

In this contemporary landscape, we find ourselves ensnared by a disconcerting departure from the acknowledgement of the intricate interplay of every emotion that colors our lived experiences. It is as though we have relinquished the vibrancy of our emotional spectrum, seduced by a narrow definition of reality that diminishes the complexities of our human condition. This pursuit of a monochromatic understanding cannot encapsulate the vividness that defines us; it stifles the rich narrative woven through love, anger, joy, and sorrow. In our quest for clarity, we risk navigating a world rendered simplistic, where shades of morality and empathy become distorted, frustrating our longing for a deeper and more objective comprehension of our collective journey.

In navigating the intricate landscape of human perception, we must muster the courage to embrace a full spectrum of experiences, acknowledging that our diverse narratives not only enrich our understanding but also empower us. To transcend the snares of oversimplification, we must reclaim our agency in crafting the complex tapestry of truth that binds humanity together.

Amidst this chaotic interplay, the true test lies in our ability to sift through this whirlpool of emotions and reclaim control. Within each of us lies the power to discern which threads resonate with authenticity. By interlacing these insights into the broader fabric of human experience, we can illuminate pathways forward, courageously embracing the profound complexity of our emotional tapestry.

This journey fosters the emergence of collective wisdom, creating a reality where the entirety of human emotion is not merely acknowledged but celebrated. Such a reality transcends simplistic beliefs, nurturing connections that recognize the rich diversity of existence. In the synthesis of our shared experiences, we weave a narrative of profound truth, a narrative that unifies us in our differences and intricately connects us all.

The Quest for Validation: Echo Chambers and the Erosion of Critical Thought

In the cacophonous theater of modern existence, each individual assumes the dual role of both spectator and actor, ensnared in an elaborate play where the distinction between truth and illusion blurs under the glaring spotlight of social, political, religious, and technological forces. Envision this stage: a sprawling arena dominated by kaleidoscopic screens and resounding digital megaphones. Here, the audience is not merely passive; they are intoxicated by the spectacle, ensnared by the siren song of validation resonating from every corner.

Standing at the center of this grand performance, the world pulses with fervor—a swirling vortex of beliefs vying for your allegiance. Your very existence hangs precariously, dictated by the whims of a narrative relentlessly shifting, thriving on the allure of conforming to the cacophony of a collective chorus. Yet in this compliance, you risk surrendering your own voice to the shadows, drowning out individuality in favor of unquestioned acceptance. The once-promising pathways of connection forged through social media have devolved into perilous echo chambers, where only the harmonious melodies of agreeable perspectives echo back to you.

This phenomenon unveils a profound psychological truth: the modern individual has traded genuine, nuanced understanding for the fleeting comfort of external affirmation. Within this dystopian landscape, self-reflection is sacrificed at the altar of an insatiable thirst for likes and shares. The courage to question with introspection falters under the oppressive weight of conformity, while each ‘ping’ of notification becomes a siren’s call, luring you deeper into a sanctuary of comfort that stifles dissent and stunts your moral evolution.

In this unfolding drama, the challenge is formidable. To reclaim agency in a world that thrives on superficial validation, one must embrace the discomfort of introspection. Only by transcending the boundaries of conformity can you rediscover your authentic voice, weaving your own narrative amidst the overarching cacophony. Thus, the path to moral evolution unfurls, illuminated by the courage to question, to dissent, and to foster connections rooted in genuine understanding. This delicate balance between connection and individuality becomes the true art of navigating the complex tapestry of modern life.

The specter of technological control wraps its tendrils tightly around your psyche, crafting a complex illusion that dulls your critical faculties, reducing your mental palette to a monotonous gray. The vibrant colors of diverse thoughts and insights are swamped by a flood of uniformity, leaving you adrift in a stagnant sea—a condition where authentic discourse and personal growth are systematically extinguished by the prevailing winds of popular opinion.

Yet, within this relentless torrent lies a glimmer of potential—a beckoning to awaken from your stupor, to reclaim your narrative amidst the collective clamor. Facing the reality of your entrapment, you discover that deep introspection and critical examination can become your compass, guiding you toward a richer, more substantive understanding of yourself and the world.

The threads of belief you once accepted without question can transform from confining chains into intriguing challenges that await unraveling. This new perspective allows for the emergence of a moral discourse that pulsates with complexity and depth, encouraging you to engage critically with ideas rather than surrendering to passivity. It’s within this transformative process that you rediscover the importance of dialogue—one that is nuanced and fosters growth, rather than merely reinforcing echo chambers.

Thus, the fight against uniformity begins—not with loud proclamations, but through small, deliberate actions that prioritize questioning, understanding differing viewpoints, and maintaining an openness to change. The vibrant spectrum of thoughts and ideas once more becomes accessible, inviting you to paint your narrative in bold, authentic strokes, rather than drifting along with the gray tide of conformity. Embrace this newfound awareness; it holds the power to elevate your understanding and form connections that resonate deeply amidst the noise.

Corruption through Neglect: The Consequences of Apathy in Ethical Standards

Corruption through neglect casts a shadow over ethical standards, revealing itself not as a mere oversight but as a significant existential threat. This moral degradation signals a troubling detachment from the foundational truths that historically guided our ethical compass. In this disheartening landscape, truth—once a luminous beacon driving transformative change—dissipates under the heavy burden of apathy and indifference, reducing it to a mere relic of our past convictions.

In this context, corruption takes on a deeper meaning; it thrives not only in overt dishonesty but flourishes through a psychological disengagement from the ethical implications woven into our choices. This phenomenon represents a psychological abdication of responsibility, fueled by a growing disconnect from the visceral realities of our lived experiences. When we abandon the sanctity of truth, we invite a diluted existence to permeate our lives—one characterized by a relentless sense of mediocrity and malaise that blunts our moral sharpness.

Such pervasive apathy fosters a culture steeped in ethical inertia. The urgent necessity for introspection becomes quieter, overshadowed by a collective desensitization to the ethical consequences of our actions. As both individuals and communities neglect their responsibility, the intricate tapestry of accountability and consequence begins to unravel. The psychological distance engendered by our indifference allows the ethical dimensions of our behaviors to fade, posing a significant threat to our moral integrity.

Ultimately, it is imperative to recognize the insidious nature of this neglect. The consequences extend beyond individual choices, affecting the fabric of society itself. Ethical standards must be upheld with vigilance and passion, requiring a conscious effort to reconnect with the values that define us. By reviving our commitment to introspection and fostering a culture of accountability, we can navigate away from the abyss of indifference and toward a more vibrant and ethical existence. Reclaiming our ethical standards is not just an imperative; it is a necessity for the sustenance of our collective humanity.

In this disheartening milieu, we become estranged from the principle that our actions are intrinsically linked to the fabric of our shared humanity. The dimming light of truth gives way to a grim tableau—a monochromatic existence that erases the rich complexities of ethical discernment, reducing our capacity for empathy and moral reflection. This transitional state towards moral vacuity not only neglects the critical dialog of ethical engagement but also undermines our psychological well-being, as the absence of a robust ethical framework leaves us adrift in a sea of uncertainty.

Yet, within this moral disarray lies a compelling moral imperative: to rouse ourselves from this apathy-induced stupor and actively confront the ethical void we have unwittingly fostered. By vigor and vigilance in rekindling our relationship with truth, we re-establish the foundations of our ethical and psychological integrity, nurturing our moral landscape back to vibrancy through intentional and conscious action.

This reclamation of our ethical commitment necessitates more than individual resolve; it demands a collective awakening to the psychological and moral ramifications of our engagement with the world. By embracing a culture of ethical vigilance and accountability, we can construct a resilient moral framework that stands firm against the encroachments of apathy. It is within this moral reclamation that we find the potential to transcend the insipid mediocrity threatening to engulf our consciousness, emerging as stewards of a legacy rooted in authenticity, empathy, and unwavering moral courage.

In doing so, we not only elevate our ethical standards but also confront the psychological barriers that have led to our disengagement. Let us aspire to be proactive participants in this ethical renaissance, recognizing that our choices resonate far beyond the confines of our individual lives. By rekindling our commitment to truth and ethical integrity, we become architects of a future steeped in moral clarity and intentional impact, counteracting the pervasive apathy that seeks to diminish our shared humanity.

Fragmentation of Self: Alienation in the Face of Relativism

Picture yourself standing at the edge of a vast and turbulent ocean—a deep metaphor for our modern social, political, religious, and technological systems. The raging waves crash violently, each one representing a different ideology or competing narrative, incessantly vying for your attention and allegiance. In this relentless storm, you are cast adrift, a solitary figure battling the fragmentary nature of truth in a world that has surrendered the essence of certainty.

Berdyaev’s insightful perspective—that truth reveals previously unrecognized qualities—forces us to confront the ethical dilemma of relativism. As society increasingly embraces pluralism, the once-sturdy vessel of a cohesive moral framework begins to splinter. What remains is a precarious existence, where the self, previously anchored by a powerful sense of purpose, finds itself swayed by the unpredictable currents of modern life. No longer a mere spectator, the individual is thrust into the heart of a chaotic tempest, where intrinsic values become obscured amidst the clash of competing ideologies.

In the eye of this ideological whirlpool, truth transforms into a malleable construct, leaving you feeling like a sailor lost at sea, without a compass to guide your journey. The familiar landmarks of morality and belief grow hazy, as each wave teases with new perspectives but delivers only confusion. This confusion births the phenomenon of psychological alienation, where the depths of your being yearn for connection and authenticity, yet the overwhelming noise of conflicting narratives fosters a growing disillusionment. You find yourself ensnared in a cacophony—disenfranchised from the collective pursuit of transcendent truths that offer meaning and coherence.

Amidst this turmoil, one must seek not only to survive but to rediscover the inner strength capable of navigating these turbulent waters. In re-establishing our commitment to self-reflection and dialogue, we can begin to rise above the chaos, carving out spaces for genuine connection amid the clamor of fluctuating ideologies. By anchoring ourselves in shared values and the continuous quest for truth, we can weather the storm, emerging not merely as passive observers but as active participants in the ongoing dialogue that shapes our collective moral landscape. The journey through this ideological tempest demands resilience, an unwavering commitment to seek clarity, and a steadfast determination to illuminate the path toward understanding—one wave at a time.

The duality of existence—where individual consciousness grapples with the broader societal tide—creates an internal conflict that breeds cynicism and despair. Each passing wave serves to isolate you further, as the very fabric of your communal ties unravels. Those moments of connection, which once felt grounding, are overshadowed by a pervasive sense of solitude in the face of overwhelming abstraction. As the narratives around you multiply, the risk of forsaking your own truth deepens, threatening to obliterate your sense of self amid the multitude of voices clamoring for recognition.

Yet, within this tumult lies a transformative potential. The ocean, as fierce and tumultuous as it may appear, also offers the possibility for rebirth; it calls upon you to dive deeper, to navigate its depths in search of authentic understanding. The challenge becomes one of introspective courage—nurturing the strength to resist the siren call of superficial allegiance and instead embracing the arduous journey back to the core of your own being.

In this exploration lies the imperative to confront the intricate shadows of modernity and unearth the latent truths that resonate with your spirit. It demands that you cultivate mindfulness amidst the chaos, harboring the resilience to discern genuine truths from transient illusions. Your journey is not solitary; as you grapple with these profound dilemmas, you participate in a collective awakening, one that recognizes our shared humanity amidst the fragmentation.

Ultimately, as you stand at the precipice of this metaphorical ocean, the choice before you crystallizes: To either succumb to the relentless waves of relativism and isolation or to rise, empowered by the pursuit of your moral truths and the reclamation of your inner compass. In this moment of reckoning, you may begin to rebuild the lost architecture of your selfhood, grounded in the profound realization that while the waters may rage, your journey through them can yield a richness of understanding, connection, and enduring clarity in a world desperate for full coherence.

Towards Reclamation: The Ethical Imperative of Truth

In the shadows of our modern world, the gleaming facade of humanistic ideals often conceals a fragmented reality, ensnaring us in an intricate web of flawed systems. Picture yourself standing at the edge of a vast abyss, with the ground beneath your feet growing increasingly unstable as the foundations of truth crumble away. This abyss symbolizes the disorienting experience faced by those navigating the complexities of contemporary life—a landscape rife with manipulation, superficiality, and ethical decay.

Within this labyrinth of illusions, each false promise whispers sweetly, seducing you into complacency while gnawing at the essence of your being. You find yourself caught in an emotional tempest, engaged in a psychological struggle against the dissonance between the idealized self and the stark reality of existence. Daily, the coercive forces of modernity tug at your identity, distorting your perceptions and leading you toward cognitive dissonance that causes you to question your values and beliefs.

The allure of convenience, often veiled in the language of progress, binds you further to these corrupted structures. Like an enchanting siren, it lulls you into a false sense of security, compelling you to surrender your quest for authenticity in favor of bland conformity. As you navigate this perilous terrain, the relentless barrage of competing narratives erodes your sense of self, leaving you adrift in a sea of ambiguity and uncertainty.

Yet, beneath this chaos lies an ethical imperative—the insistent call of truth reverberating through your core. The abyss is more than just a void; it is an invitation to confront your deepest fears and awaken to the reality of your authentic self. In acknowledging the inadequacies of the systems that govern your life, you begin to reclaim your power and agency. This sparks a passionate determination to seek clarity amidst the confusion, pushing you toward a journey of self-discovery and rediscovery.

The journey towards reclamation indeed demands immense courage and resilience. It compels you to confront not just the external machinations of society but also the internal battles that often remain hidden. Embrace your vulnerabilities; they are not signs of weakness but rather vital catalysts for growth and transformation. Within this process lies the opportunity to forge a new path, one that prioritizes genuine connection, empathy, and shared understanding over hollow interactions and rigid societal norms.

Standing on the brink of the abyss, you are more than a passive observer; you are an active participant in the reclamation of truth. By daring to question the status quo, challenge the narratives that bind you, and engage authentically with the world around you, you can transcend the limitations imposed by flawed systems. In doing so, you transform into a beacon of integrity amidst an often disheartening landscape.

This ethical imperative—to reclaim truth—serves as a living, breathing force. It empowers you to shape your own reality with intention and clarity as you navigate the intricate dance of existence. Through every question asked, every challenge faced, and every connection made, you carve out a space for authenticity, not just for yourself but for others as well.

As you embrace this journey, recognize that each step taken towards reclamation enriches not only your own life but also the lives of those you encounter. The ripple effect of your courage can inspire others to embark on their paths of self-discovery, fostering a collective movement toward a more empathetic and understanding world.

Ultimately, the journey of reclamation is both deeply personal and profoundly universal. It reminds us that in seeking truth and authenticity, we become part of something greater—a shared human experience that transcends the superficial divisions of our existence. Together, we can cultivate a landscape where connection and integrity flourish, turning the abyss into a wellspring of possibility and hope.

Conclusion: The Restoration of Reality through Unity of Purpose

As we traverse the tangled web of modern existence, the corruption of our shared reality unfolds like a dark play, with each act revealing the insidious nature of our disconnections. At the center of this chaotic performance, you find yourself—a willing participant caught in a narrative scripted by corrupt humanistic systems that distort and manipulate your perceptions. This dislocation from our collective moral compass serves as an invitation, beckoning you to confront the abyss of disillusionment that threatens to engulf the integrity of your being.

Imagine standing in a vast, echoing chamber—the remnants of your once-clear understanding of truth resonating around you like distant, haunting echoes. Each reverberation represents the conflicting messages and toxic ideologies that pervade our age, tugging at your consciousness, pulling you further into a quagmire of cynicism and doubt. The deeper you descend into this chamber, the more you lose sight of the illuminating force of authenticity that once guided your path.

Yet, within this darkened space exists a profound opportunity for transformation. The realization dawns upon you that truth is not just an objective reflection of reality; it is a revelatory force—a beacon illuminating the pathways back to unity and authenticity. To reclaim this light, we must collectively engage in an ethical reclamation of our existence, forging conversations that transcend superficial opinions and delve into the depths of genuine understanding.

By embracing this call to action, you can begin to weave your narrative into the broader tapestry of human experience. This ancient art of storytelling, steeped in truth, invites you to restore the frayed edges of our collective fabric, stitching together the disparate threads of our shared humanity. As you engage in this collective endeavor, you begin to illuminate the path towards genuine enlightenment and moral renewal, rekindling the flames of compassion and integrity that are essential for a harmonious existence.

In this pursuit, a unity of purpose emerges—an awakening that unifies disparate voices into a powerful chorus resonating with meaningful intention. This is where the restoration of reality takes root: in the recognition that, despite the pervasive corruption surrounding you, the potential for renewal lies within your hands. By engaging with compassion and clarity, you can reclaim your narrative, transforming the discord into a symphony of understanding.

Embrace this call to restoration; it is through this unity of purpose that we can reclaim not only our individual identities but also the very essence of truth itself. In this journey, you will not only restore your own reality but contribute to a collective resurgence that burns brightly against the backdrop of a troubled world. Together, we can weave a principled tapestry that embodies the values of empathy, resilience, and sincerity, forging a new paradigm that celebrates the beauty and complexity of the human experience.

[anarchistin]

We live in a nightmare of falsehoods, and there are few who are sufficiently awake and aware to see things as they are.

Our first duty is to clear away illusions and recover a sense of reality.

– Nikolai Berdyaev

[nando161mando]

We live in a nightmare of falsehoods, and there are few who are sufficiently awake and aware to see things as they are. Our first duty is to clear away illusions and recover a sense of reality.

-- Nikolai Berdyaev

[filmcentury]

Man’s fate is a mystery, not to be unraveled within the small section of eternal life which we call man’s earthly, empirical life. The destiny of every man is immersed in eternity, and in eternity the deciphering of its meaning is to be sought. Within the limits of our brief life, everything appears accidental, meaningless and unjust. But everything takes on meaning and finds justification in eternity.

Nikolai Berdyaev (1874 – 1948) Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialist, in The Philosophy of Inequality (1923)

[sapiavividus]

“Truth is not objective, ordinary reality, reflected in the knower and entering into him from outside, but rather the enlightenment, the transfiguration of reality: it is the introduction into the world's data of a quality, which was not there before truth was revealed and known.” — Nikolai Berdyaev

The Reinvention of Truth: Disentangling Oneself from the Web of Modern Corruption

In a world besieged by an unrelenting deluge of information, where every voice contends for dominance within a chaos of distractions, the essence of truth stands as both a flickering beacon and a tragic casualty amidst widespread falsehood. Nikolai Berdyaev's assertion that "Truth is not objective" resonates profoundly within the complexities of contemporary existence, compelling us to interrogate our increasingly tenuous relationship with reality.

This relationship has been irrevocably reshaped by subjective narratives and momentary spectacles—manipulations that draw us into a dance of disillusionment. Picture yourself ensnared in this intricate web; each thread represents a different perspective, a momentary truth crafted to serve its own ends. As the currents of contextual bias pull you in disparate directions, you are left grappling with the vacuity of certainty.

In our modern quest for validation, we risk becoming passive spectators in our own narratives, allowing external forces to dictate the contours of our understanding. To navigate this treacherous landscape, one must cultivate discernment, distilling the noise into a clear focus on genuine insight. Our survival in an arena so rife with deception and illusion depends on our ability to pierce through the fog, reclaiming the powerful legacy of truth that lies buried beneath layers of artifice. In doing so, we not only reassert our agency but also transcend the ordinary, reconnecting with a reality that resists simplification.

Embrace this challenge; within the fray lies a profound opportunity to transcend the superficial and forge a deeper understanding—an understanding that brightly illuminates your path amid the chaos and confusion of modern existence.

The Nature of Reality: A Fabric Woven with Threads of Perception

At its deepest essence, reality unfolds as a grand tapestry, intricately woven from a myriad of threads, each colored by the rich palette of human experience. Imagine yourself standing at the center of this expansive creation, where each strand represents a distinct emotional journey.

The vibrant red threads, pulsing with passion and intensity, symbolize moments of love, anger, and courage, igniting a fire within the heart. Nearby, the calm blue strands weave a sense of tranquility and trust, reflecting experiences of peace, sadness, and introspection, like a gentle breeze that cools your fevered thoughts.

Amidst these hues, you find the joyful yellows, radiating energy and optimism, encompassing those instances of enlightenment and hope that brighten even the darkest days. Yet, woven throughout are the somber blacks—representations of fear, loss, and despair—that remind you of life’s shadows, urging a more profound understanding of the human condition.

In this modern era, we collectively confront a disconcerting retreat from recognizing the subjectivity embedded in our grasp of truth. It is as if we have drifted into a mirage of objectivity, a seductive illusion that invites us to dismiss the complexities of our colorful threads. This insistence on a single narrative fosters an environment susceptible to manipulation, where the contours of morality twist and obscure the clarity you seek.

As you navigate this tapestry, the once-clear waters of understanding become murky, obscured by competing truths—akin to blending colors on a palette, creating a discordant symphony of hues that clash and collide. The reds vie for dominance over the blues and yellows, while the somber blacks provide a haunting contrast that threads through the vibrant landscape.

In this chaotic interplay, the challenge lies in your ability to sift through the swirling emotions and reclaim your agency. The power exists within you to discern which threads resonate with authenticity, weaving insights into the larger fabric of human experience. In doing so, you can illuminate the path forward, embracing the complexity of your emotional tapestry. This journey allows for the emergence of collective wisdom, creating a reality where the full spectrum of human emotion can be celebrated, fortified by connections that transcend mere belief and embrace the rich diversity of existence.

The Quest for Validation: Echo Chambers and the Erosion of Critical Thought

In the cacophonous theater of modern existence, each individual finds themselves cast as both spectator and actor in an intricate play, where the lines between truth and illusion blur beneath the glaring spotlight of social, political, religious, and technological machinations. Picture this stage—a vast arena of kaleidoscopic screens and digital megaphones—where the audience is not merely watching but intoxicated by the spectacle, entranced by the siren song of validation that echoes from every corner.

As you stand at the center of this grand performance, the world around you pulsates with fervor, a swirling vortex of beliefs clamoring for your allegiance. Your very existence hangs in the balance, dictated by the whims of an ever-shifting narrative that thrives on the satisfaction of conforming to the collective chorus—yet, in doing so, you risk surrendering your own voice to the shadows. The once-promising pathways of connection, forged through social media, have morphed into treacherous echo chambers, where only the harmonious melodies of agreeable perspectives reverberate.

This phenomenon reveals a deep psychological veracity: the modern individual has traded genuine, nuanced understanding for the hollow comfort of external affirmation. In this dystopian landscape, self-reflection gives way to an insatiable thirst for likes and shares, while the courage to question falters under the weight of conformity. Each ‘ping’ of notification becomes a siren call, luring you further into a sanctuary of familiarity that stifles dissent, stunting your moral evolution.

The specter of technological control weaves its tendrils around your psyche, crafting an elaborate illusion where your critical faculties are dulled, akin to an artist’s palette reduced to a monotonous gray. The colorful hues of diverse thought and insight are drowned in a deluge of uniformity, leaving you adrift in a sea of stagnation—a condition where genuine discourse and growth are extinguished beneath the prevailing winds of opinion.

Yet, in this relentless torrent, there lies a flicker of potential—a call to awaken from the stupor, to reclaim your narrative amidst the collective din. As you confront the reality of your entrapment, the profoundness of introspection and critical examination becomes your compass, guiding you towards a richer, more substantive understanding. The threads of belief you once accepted uncritically become not chains, but challenges to unravel, allowing the emergence of a moral discourse infused with complexity and depth.

In this intricate dance of influence, remember: to wield the power of genuine connection—a connection that transcends mere affirmation—one must dare to step into the light of scrutiny, becoming both philosopher and warrior on the battlefield of truth. It is through this struggle that you embrace not just an existence marked by compliance, but a life steeped in the vibrant hues of authenticity, forever engaged in the pursuit of wisdom amid the clamor of modernity.

Corruption through Neglect: The Consequences of Apathy in Ethical Standards

As we delve deeper into the moral abyss, the neglect of ethical standards emerges not merely as a benign oversight but as a profound existential threat. This moral degradation is characterized by an unsettling detachment from the foundational truths that once served as the bedrock of our ethical compass. In this unsettling landscape, the notion of truth—once a beacon guiding us toward transformative change—dissipates under the weight of apathy and indifference, rendering it a mere relic of our past convictions.

Corruption, in this disquieting context, transcends the realm of overt dishonesty; it flourishes within the framework of psychological disengagement from the ethical implications inherent in our choices. This phenomenon, a psychological abdication of responsibility, is exacerbated by a sharpened disconnect from the visceral realities of our lived experiences. In forsaking the sanctity of truth, we inevitably invite a diluted existence into our lives, one tainted by a pervasive sense of mediocrity and malaise that dulls our moral acuity.

This pervasive apathy cultivates a culture steeped in ethical inertia, where the critical imperative for introspection is increasingly muffled. As individuals and collectives become desensitized to the ethical ramifications of their actions, the intricate tapestry interwoven with accountability and consequence frays at the seams. The psychological distance created by our collective indifference allows the ethical dimensions of our individual and societal actions to diminish, threatening our moral integrity.

In this disheartening milieu, we become estranged from the principle that our actions are intrinsically linked to the fabric of our shared humanity. The dimming light of truth gives way to a grim tableau—a monochromatic existence that erases the rich complexities of ethical discernment, reducing our capacity for empathy and moral reflection. This transitional state towards moral vacuity not only neglects the critical dialog of ethical engagement but also undermines our psychological well-being, as the absence of a robust ethical framework leaves us adrift in a sea of uncertainty.

Yet, within this moral disarray lies a compelling moral imperative: to rouse ourselves from this apathy-induced stupor and actively confront the ethical void we have unwittingly fostered. By vigor and vigilance in rekindling our relationship with truth, we re-establish the foundations of our ethical and psychological integrity, nurturing our moral landscape back to vibrancy through intentional and conscious action.

This reclamation of our ethical commitment necessitates more than individual resolve; it demands a collective awakening to the psychological and moral ramifications of our engagement with the world. By embracing a culture of ethical vigilance and accountability, we can construct a resilient moral framework that stands firm against the encroachments of apathy. It is within this moral reclamation that we find the potential to transcend the insipid mediocrity threatening to engulf our consciousness, emerging as stewards of a legacy rooted in authenticity, empathy, and unwavering moral courage.

In doing so, we not only elevate our ethical standards but also confront the psychological barriers that have led to our disengagement. Let us aspire to be proactive participants in this ethical renaissance, recognizing that our choices resonate far beyond the confines of our individual lives. By rekindling our commitment to truth and ethical integrity, we become architects of a future steeped in moral clarity and intentional impact, counteracting the pervasive apathy that seeks to diminish our shared humanity.

Fragmentation of Self: Alienation in the Face of Relativism

Imagine, if you will, standing at the edge of a vast and turbulent ocean—this ocean, a deep metaphor for our modern social, political, religious, and technological systems. The waves crash violently against the shore, each one a different ideology, a competing narrative vying for your attention and allegiance. In this relentless storm, you are cast adrift, a solitary figure wrestling with the increasingly fragmentary nature of truth in a world that has surrendered the very essence of certainty.

Berdyaev’s poignant insight—that truth reveals qualities previously unrecognized—confronts us directly with the ethical dilemma of relativism. As society extols the virtues of pluralism, the once-sturdy vessel of a cohesive moral framework begins to splinter. What remains is a precarious existence, where the self, once anchored by a powerful sense of purpose and belonging, becomes susceptible to the unpredictable currents of modern life. The individual is not merely a spectator; rather, they are thrust into the very heart of a chaotic tempest, where one's intrinsic values are increasingly obscured by the chaos of competing ideologies.

In the throes of this ideological whirlpool, truth morphs into a malleable construct, leaving you feeling like a sailor on a roiling sea, adrift without a compass. The once-familiar landmarks of morality and belief grow hazy, as each wave promises a new perspective yet delivers only confusion. The phenomenon of psychological alienation emerges, where the depths of your being yearn for connection and authenticity, but the overwhelming noise of conflicting narratives fosters a growing disillusionment. You find yourself trapped in a cacophony, increasingly disenfranchised from the collective pursuit of transcendent truths that offer meaning and coherence.

The duality of existence—where individual consciousness grapples with the broader societal tide—creates an internal conflict that breeds cynicism and despair. Each passing wave serves to isolate you further, as the very fabric of your communal ties unravels. Those moments of connection, which once felt grounding, are overshadowed by a pervasive sense of solitude in the face of overwhelming abstraction. As the narratives around you multiply, the risk of forsaking your own truth deepens, threatening to obliterate your sense of self amid the multitude of voices clamoring for recognition.

Yet, within this tumult lies a transformative potential. The ocean, as fierce and tumultuous as it may appear, also offers the possibility for rebirth; it calls upon you to dive deeper, to navigate its depths in search of authentic understanding. The challenge becomes one of introspective courage—nurturing the strength to resist the siren call of superficial allegiance and instead embracing the arduous journey back to the core of your own being.

In this exploration lies the imperative to confront the intricate shadows of modernity and unearth the latent truths that resonate with your spirit. It demands that you cultivate mindfulness amidst the chaos, harboring the resilience to discern genuine truths from transient illusions. Your journey is not solitary; as you grapple with these profound dilemmas, you participate in a collective awakening, one that recognizes our shared humanity amidst the fragmentation.

Ultimately, as you stand at the precipice of this metaphorical ocean, the choice before you crystallizes: To either succumb to the relentless waves of relativism and isolation or to rise, empowered by the pursuit of your moral truths and the reclamation of your inner compass. In this moment of reckoning, you may begin to rebuild the lost architecture of your selfhood, grounded in the profound realization that while the waters may rage, your journey through them can yield a richness of understanding, connection, and enduring clarity in a world desperate for coherence.

Towards Reclamation: The Ethical Imperative of Truth

In the shadows of our modern world, where the gleaming facade of humanistic ideals often conceals a fragmented reality, we find ourselves ensnared in an intricate web of flawed systems. Imagine standing at the precipice of a vast abyss, the ground beneath your feet increasingly unstable, as the very foundations of truth crumble away. This abyss symbolizes the disorienting experience faced by those who navigate the complexities of contemporary existence—a landscape rife with manipulation, superficiality, and ethical decay.

In this labyrinth of illusions, each false promise whispers sweetly, seducing you into complacency while simultaneously gnawing at the essence of your being. You are caught in an emotional tempest, a psychological struggle against the dissonance between the idealized self and the reality of existence. Each day, the coercive forces of modernity tug at your identity, distorting your perceptions and leading you towards a state of cognitive dissonance where you question your values and beliefs.

The allure of convenience, often cloaked in the language of progress, further binds you to these corrupt structures. Like an enchanting siren, it lulls you into a false sense of security, compelling you to surrender your pursuit of authenticity in favor of bland conformity. As you navigate this perilous terrain, the constant barrage of competing narratives erodes your sense of self, leaving you adrift in a sea of ambiguity and uncertainty.

Yet, beneath this chaos lies an ethical imperative—the insistent call of truth that reverberates through your very core. The abyss is not merely a void; it is an invitation to confront your deepest fears and awaken to the reality of your authentic self. In recognizing the inadequacies of the systems that govern your life, you reclaim your power and agency, igniting a passionate determination to seek clarity amidst confusion.

The journey towards reclamation demands courage and resilience. It requires you to confront not only the external machinations of society but also the internal battles that rage within. Embrace your vulnerabilities, for they are not weaknesses but rather the catalysts for growth and transformation. In this process, you have the opportunity to forge a new path—one that prioritizes genuine connection, empathy, and shared understanding over hollow interactions and societal norms.

As you stand on the brink of this abyss, you are not merely a passive observer but an active participant in the reclamation of truth. By daring to question, to challenge, and to engage authentically with the world, you can transcend the limitations imposed by flawed systems and emerge as a beacon of integrity in an often disheartening landscape. This is the essence of the ethical imperative: to reclaim truth as a living, breathing force that empowers you to shape your own reality, sculpting it with intention and clarity as you traverse the intricate dance of existence.

Conclusion: The Restoration of Reality through Unity of Purpose

As we traverse the tangled web of modern existence, the corruption of our shared reality unfolds like a dark play, with each act revealing the insidious nature of our disconnections. At the center of this chaotic performance, you find yourself—a willing participant caught in a narrative scripted by corrupt humanistic systems that distort and manipulate your perceptions. This dislocation from our collective moral compass serves as an invitation, beckoning you to confront the abyss of disillusionment that threatens to engulf the integrity of your being.

Imagine standing in a vast, echoing chamber—the remnants of your once-clear understanding of truth resonating around you like distant, haunting echoes. Each reverberation represents the conflicting messages and toxic ideologies that pervade our age, tugging at your consciousness, pulling you further into a quagmire of cynicism and doubt. The deeper you descend into this chamber, the more you lose sight of the illuminating force of authenticity that once guided your path.

Yet, within this darkened space exists a profound opportunity for transformation. The realization dawns upon you that truth is not just an objective reflection of reality; it is a revelatory force—a beacon illuminating the pathways back to unity and authenticity. To reclaim this light, we must collectively engage in an ethical reclamation of our existence, forging conversations that transcend superficial opinions and delve into the depths of genuine understanding.

By embracing this call to action, you can begin to weave your narrative into the broader tapestry of human experience. This ancient art of storytelling, steeped in truth, invites you to restore the frayed edges of our collective fabric, stitching together the disparate threads of our shared humanity. As you engage in this collective endeavor, you begin to illuminate the path towards genuine enlightenment and moral renewal, rekindling the flames of compassion and integrity that are essential for a harmonious existence.

In this pursuit, a unity of purpose emerges—an awakening that unifies disparate voices into a powerful chorus resonating with meaningful intention. This is where the restoration of reality takes root: in the recognition that, despite the pervasive corruption surrounding you, the potential for renewal lies within your hands. By engaging with compassion and clarity, you can reclaim your narrative, transforming the discord into a symphony of understanding.

Embrace this call to restoration; it is through this unity of purpose that we can reclaim not only our individual identities but also the very essence of truth itself. In this journey, you will not only restore your own reality but contribute to a collective resurgence that burns brightly against the backdrop of a troubled world. Together, we can weave a principled tapestry that embodies the values of empathy, resilience, and sincerity, forging a new paradigm that celebrates the beauty and complexity of the human experience.

Thank you for reading!

[philosophybits]

In reality, freedom is aristocratic, not democratic. With sorrow we must recognize the fact that freedom is dear only to those men who think creatively. It is not very necessary to those who do not value thinking.

Nikolai Berdyaev, The Realm of Spirit and the Realm of Caesar

[geopolicraticus]

TODAY IN PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

Nikolai Berdyaev and Eschatological Providentialism  

Monday 18 March 2024 is the 150th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Бердя́ев; 18 March, Old Style 06 March, 1874 – 24 March 1948), who was born in Obukhov, near Kiev, on this date in 1874.

Berdyaev was a Russian aristocrat who became a Marxist and then a Christian, and who always seemed to find himself on the wrong side of the authorities in his homeland. Berdyaev applied his Christian personalism to philosophical anthropology and produced a philosophy of history that raises eschatology over salvation history. Like the thought of Simone Weil, this is a providential philosophy of history with a difference.

Quora:             https://philosophyofhistory.quora.com/ 

Discord:          https://discord.gg/r3dudQvGxD

Links:              https://jnnielsen.carrd.co/

Newsletter:     http://eepurl.com/dMh0_-/

Podcast:          https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/nick-nielsen94/episodes/Nikolai-Berdyaev-and-Eschatological-Providentialism-e2h9212

Text post: https://geopolicraticus.substack.com/p/nikolai-alexandrovich-berdyaev

[heckyeahgnome]

Crypto-academia

“How did you know that? You didn’t cite a source or any specific research”

“I… don’t know; it came to me in a dream.”

Cryptozoology is my favourite kind of fake science stuff. Wish there was also cryptobotany, like mothman but its just a really big fern in the middle of a field with literally nothing else around it , that spawned in the dead of night, might have killed a few people and never shows up in photos, and no one is sure its even real

[embeccy]

"In a certain sense, every single human soul has more meaning and value than the whole of history with its empires, its wars and revolutions, its blossoming and fading civilizations."

- Nikolai Berdyaev

[3cosmicfrogs]

I'm tutoring an Introduction To Biology course for first-year uni students and on their homework assignment someone literally cited their answer with "own knowledge" like ok nikolai berdyaev

[nando161mando]

"We used to pay too little attention to utopias, or even disregard them altogether, saying with regret they were impossible of realization.

Now indeed they seem to be able to be brought about far more easily than we supposed, and we are actually faced by an agonising problem of quite another kind: how can we prevent their final realization?"

— Nikolai Berdyaev

Text on the banner in the image reads:

“You are in rebel Zapatista territory. Here the people command and the government obey.”

[in-wonder-and-awe]

How do you reconcile being inclined towards anticlericalism and also Orthodoxy???

I haven’t yet.

But I think like Nikolai Berdyaev:

Berdyaev was a member of the Russian Orthodox Church, and believed Orthodoxy was the religious tradition closest to early Christianity.

Nicholas Berdyaev was an Orthodox Christian, however, it must be said that he was an independent and somewhat a "liberal" kind. Berdyaev also criticized the Russian Orthodox Church and described his views as anticlerical. Yet he considered himself closer to Orthodoxy than either Catholicism or Protestantism. According to him, "I can not call myself a typical Orthodox of any kind; but Orthodoxy was near to me (and I hope I am nearer to Orthodoxy) than either Catholicism or Protestantism. I never severed my link with the Orthodox Church, although confessional self-satisfaction and exclusiveness are alien to me."

This remains one of my last few hurdles to embracing Orthodoxy. My brother in Christ, please pray for me!

[palmiz]

"Viviamo in un incubo di falsità, e sono pochi che sono abbastanza svegli e consapevoli per vedere le cose come sono. Il nostro primo dovere è eliminare le illusioni e recuperare il senso della realtà. ”

Nikolai Berdyaev