#Nicolas Courtois

[realmadridfamily]

Nicolas Courtois with uncle Vini at the Santiago Bernabeu during the match against Getafe CF :)

[dreamconsumer]

Louis-Philippe d'Orléans, dit le Gros (1725-1785). Par Nicolas-André Courtois.

[sieclesetcieux]

Correction on this one on Billaud-Varenne: it's not the complete memoirs + most of it is a biography of BV by Alfred Bégis + there's one on Collot too. This one here seems to have a lot more (includes two volumes):

Mémoires de Billaud-Varennes, ex-conventionnel; écrits au Port-au-Prince en 1818, contenant la relation de ses voyages et aventures dans le Mexique, depuis 1805 jusqu'en 1817; avec des notes historiques et un précis de l'insurrection américaine, depuis son origine jusqu'en 1820, published in 1821

A Few More Free Books I Found*:

Mémoires historiques et militaires sur Carnot (1824)

Le Puy-de-Dôme en 1793 et le Proconsulat de Couthon (1877) by Francisque Mège

Le procès des Dantonistes, d'après les documents, précédé d'une introduction historique. Recherches pour servir à l'histoire de la révolution française (1879) edited by Dr. Jean François Eugène Robinet

Robert Lindet, député à l'Assemblée législative et à la Convention, membre du Comité de salut public, ministre des finances : notice biographique (1899) by Amand Montier

Prieur de la Côte-d'Or (1900) by Paul Gaffarel

Oeuvres littéraires de Hérault de Séchelles (1907) edited by Emile Dard

Un épicurien sous la Terreur; Hérault de Séchelles (1759-1794); d'après des documents inédits (1907) by Emile Dard

Twelve Who Ruled (1941) by R. R. Palmer (borrowable for an hour, renewable every hour)

Bertrand Barère: A Reluctant Terrorist (1963) by Leo Gershoy (borrowable for an hour, renewable every hour)

Saint-Just : sa politique et ses missions (1976) by Jean-Pierre Gross (borrowable for an hour, renewable every hour)

*there are SO MANY SOURCES available on Archive dot org, I'm presently going insane over all this knowledge. All the Thermidorian pamphlets and more that I dont think I ever saw/found while doing my M.A. thesis! Wow!

N.B. I sorted the books chronologically after giving up on trying to make my list into a division between primary and secondary because way too many overlap (memoirs-biographies) and some are not the greatest quality (Mège on Couthon). The only truly academic book that respects modern academic standards here is Jean-Pierre Gross' on Saint-Just. Leo Gershoy's method of quoting sources is appalling (and barely existent) and R. R. Palmer is... a complicated case - very entertaining and engaging book, but not the most academic/scientific and certainly not unbiased. Unless those are the academic/scientific standards for the Anglophone historians...

Some primary sources

I plan to add more whenever I find more.

Historie Parlamentaire de la Révolution Française ou Journal des Assemblées Nationales, depuis 1789 jusqu’en 1815

Volume 1 (May 1789) Volume 2 (June-September 1789) Volume 3 (September-December 1789) Volume 4 (December 1789-March 1790) Volume 5 (March-May 1790) Volume 6 (May-August 1790) Volume 7? Volume 8 (November 1790-February 1791) Volume 9 (February-May 1791) Volume 10 (May-July 1791) Volume 11 (July-September 1791) Volume 12 (September-December 1791) Volume 13 (January-March 1792) Volume 14 (April-June 1792) Volume 15 (June-July 1792) Volume 16 (July-August 1792) Volume 17 (August-September 1792) Volume 18 (September 1792) Volume 19 (September-October 1792) Volume 20 (October-November 1792) Volume 21 (November-December 1792) Volume 22 (December 1792-January 1793) Volume 23 (January 1793) Volume 24 (February-March 1793) Volume 25 (March-April 1793) Volume 26 (April-May 1793) Volume 27 (May 1793) Volume 28 (July-August 1793) Volume 29 (September-October 1793) Volume 30 (October-December 1793) Volume 31 (November 1793-March 1794) Volume 32 (March-May 1794) Volume 33 (May-July 1794) Volume 34 (July-August 1794)

Recueil des actes du comité de salut public Volume 1 (August 12 1792-January 21 1793) Volume 2 (January 22-March 31 1793) Volume 3 (April 1-May 5 1793) Volume 4 (6 May-18 June 1793) Volume 5 (19 June-15 August 1793) Volume 6 (15 August-21 September 1793) Volume 7 (22 September-24 October 1793) Volume 8 (25 October-26 November 1793) Volume 9 (27 November-31 December 1793) Volume 10 (1 January-8 February 1794) Volume 11 (9 February-15 March 1794) Volume 12 (16 March-22 April 1794) Volume 13 (23 April-28 May 1794) Volume 14 (29 May-7 July 1794) Volume 15 (8 July-9 August 1794)

Recueil de documents pour l’histoire du club des Jacobins de Paris Volume 1 (1789-1790) Volume 2 (January-July 1791) Volume 3 (July 1791-June 1792) Volume 4 (June 1792-January 1793) Volume 5 (January 1793-March 1794) Volume 6 (March-November 1794)

Histoire du tribunal révolutionnaire de Paris: avec le journal de ses actes. Volume 1  Volume 2  Volume 3  Volume 4  Volume 5 

Papiers inédits trouves chez Robespierre, Saint-Just, Payan etc Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3

Oeuvres complètes de Robespierre Volume 1 (Robespierre à Arras) Volume 2 (Les œuvres judiciaires) Volume 3 is the correspondence, listed below Volume 4 (Le defenseur de la Constitution) Volume 5 (lettres à ses comettras) Volume 6 (speeches 1789-1790) Volume 7 (speeches January-September 1791) Volume 8 (speeches October 1791-September 1792) Volume 9 (speeches September 1792-June 27 1793) Volume 10 (speeches June 27 1793-July 27 1794)

Oeuvres de Maximilien Robespierre (not the same as Oeuvres completés) Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3

Oeuvres de Jerome Pétion Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4

Oeuvres complètes de Saint-Just Volume 1 Volume 2

Works by Desmoulins

La France Libre (1789)

Discours de la Lanterne aux Parisiens (1789)

Révolutions de France et de Brabant (1789-1791) Volume 1 (number 1-13) Volume 2 (number 14-26) Volume 3 (number 27-39) Volume 4 (number 40-52) Volume 5 (number 53-65) Volume 6 (number 66-79) Volume 7 (number 80-86)

La Tribune des Patriots (1792) (all numbers)

Le Vieux Cordelier (1793-1794) (all numbers)

Jean Pierre Brissot démasqué (1792)

Histoire des Brissotins (1793)

Correspondences

Correspondance de Maximilien et Augustin Robespierre (1926)

Correspondance de George Couthon (1872)

Correspondance inédit de Camille Desmoulins (1836)

Some more Desmoulins letters can be found in Camille Desmoulins and his wife — passages from the history of the dantonists (1876) by Jules Claretie, particulary pages 463-469

Billuad-Varennes — mémoires et correspondance

Memoirs

Memoirs of Bertrand Barère Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4

Memoirs of Élisabeth Lebas In French In English

Mémoires de Charlotte Robespierre sur ses deux frères (1835) In French In English

Memoirs of Joseph Fouché Volume 1 (English) Volume 2 (French)

Mémoires de Brissot (1877)

Mémoires inédits de Pétion et mémoires de Buzot et Barbaroux (1866)

Memoirs of Barras — member of the Directorate (1899)

Free books

Danton (1978) by Norman Hampson (borrowable for an hour, renewable every hour)

Robespierre (2014) by Hervé Leuwers (borrowable for an hour, renewable every hour)

Collot d’Herbois — légendes noires et Révolution (1995) by Michel Biard 

Choosing Terror (2014) by Marisa Linton

The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution (2015) by Timothy Tackett

Augustin: the younger Robespierre by (2011) by Mary-Young

Journaliste, sans-culotte et thermidorien: le fils de Fréron, 1754-1802, d’après des documents inédits (1909) by Raoul Arnaud

Resources shared by other tumblr users (thank you all very much!!!)

Resources shared by @iadorepigeons

Resources shared by @georgesdamnton 

Resources shared by @rbzpr:

Fabre d’Eglantine resources shared by @edgysaintjust

My own translations

Lucile Desmoulins’ diary (1788, 1789, 1790, 1792-1793)

Charlotte Robespierre et ses amis (1961)

Laponneraye on the life of Charlotte Robespierre (1835)

Abbé Proyart on the childhood of Robespierre (1795)

Philippeaux’s prison letters to his wife (1794)

Regulations for the internal exercises of the College of Louis-le-Grand (1769)

Regulations for law students at Louis-le-Grand (1782)

Instructions for the “quarter masters” of Louis-le-Grand

Belongings left by Danton, Fabre and Desmoulins after their arrest

Letters from Robespierre’s father

Robespierre family timeline

[troythecatfish]

"The Black Book of Communism is a collection of right-wing essays published in France in 1997, and subsequently translated into English and published by Harvard University Press in

1999. Some of its contributors have admitted that the book's figures are fabricated or exaggerated.

Contributors Jean-Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth distanced themselves from the text, criticizing the editor Stéphane Courtois and his "obsession to arrive to the 100 million deaths." When he could not round out the figure to 100 million, Courtois apparently just added numbers.

Perhaps more troubling than The Black Book of Communism's many egregious errors is the fact that it counts Nazi-collaborating fascists, anti-Semitic White Army fighters, and czarist officers who oversaw genocidal pogroms against Jews in its list of 'victims of communism.'"

via The Grayzone

[louis-antoine-leon-saint-just]

Today we remember the last twelve victims that fell to my dear and esteemed colleagues' thirst for blood and revenge.

Among those twelve men was the printer Nicolas. I knew him well. He lived next to the Duplay house in the former convent. He made extra prints of Robespierre's speeches and of some of mine too. He was among the Victors of the Bastille. He was a proud and free man who this mediocre scum Courtois could only think to insult in the basest of ways by attacking the color of his skin.

What a glorious Republic you proclaimed, where you degrade yourselves by going after men for their skin color and their age; where you unleash hordes of good-for-nothing aristocrats and let them satisfy their vile pulsions by clobbering the patriots in the streets; where you let them chase the people, including women, from the tribunes to which they have a right, with sticks and whips.

Was it truly the Republic you intended to build upon our corpses?

OOC note and refs: Léopold-Charles Nicolas was a Black man and Edme-Bonaventure Courtois insulted him in a racist way by quoting hate mail Robespierre had received that pointed out Robespierre "surrounded himself with guards, henchmen, blacks and slaves" (p. 221) and saying "Nicolas was among those" (p. 52) in his infamous report. It's noteworthy because unlike what you might expect, revolutionary rhetoric was not racist - not actively anyway, not in the way Courtois did it. (By active, I mean consciously racist. They obviously had plenty of passive, barely aware, seemingly benevolent racist ideas but that's another topic.) Courtois also insulted Saint-Just by calling him a "scatterbrained schoolboy" (p. 5) which reversed the prior rhetoric of Year II that valued youth. As for the other thing, it's a reference to various hateful acts committed by Fréron's Golden Youth during the Thermidorian Reaction. Read more about this in François Gendron's The Gilded Youth of Thermidor.

[probablyasocialecologist]

The source for this figure of 100 million people killed under communist regimes is Le Livre noir du communisme (1997), published in English as The Black Book of Communism (1999). In the introduction, the editor, Stéphane Courtois, used a ‘rough approximation, based on unofficial estimates’ to come up with a figure that approached 100 million, a number far greater than the 25 million victims he attributes to Nazism (which does not, conveniently, include those killed as a result of the Second World War). Courtois equated communism with Nazism, and argued that the ‘single-minded focus on the Jewish genocide’ had impeded the accounting of communist crimes.

The Black Book stoked controversy from its first publication in France. As soon as it hit the shelves, two of the prominent historians contributing to the volume, Jean-Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth, attacked Courtois in the pages of Le Monde. Margolin and Werth distanced themselves from the volume, believing that Courtois’s obsession with reaching the number of 100 million led to careless scholarship.

Kristen R Ghodsee and Scott Sehon, The merits of taking an anti-anti-communism stance

[nesiacha]

Execution of 71 revolutionaries during the 11 Thermidor year II

230 years ago on 11 Thermidor 71 revolutionaries were executed:

-Alavoine Joseph , 63 years old.

-Arnaud Bertrand , 55 years old.

-Beaurieux Jean-Jacques 45 years old.

-Bergot Jean-Baptiste , 56 years old,

-Benard or Bernard or Besnard Claude , 28 years old.

-Bernard Jean-Pierre 38 years old"The named Bernard, member of the civil committee of this section and of the General Council of the Commune, appears before the committee and insolently complains that the Muséum section has not complied with the orders of the Commune. All the attendees are indignant at this audacity; and the municipal officer is arrested." (Minutes of the Revolutionary Committee of the section, in Walter, 254)

-Bigaud or Bigaut Claude , , 40 years old . "This section, one of the most agitated, one of the slowest to side with the national representation." (Courtois, in Walter, 277)

-Blin Jacques-Nicolas , 63 years old.

-Boulanger Servais-Baudouin , 38 years old, know as a second-in-command of the Parisian revolutionary army during the second invasion of the revolutionary army in September 1793 . Friend and partisan of Robespierre Hanriot and Le Bas know as honest competent and stayed poor.

-Cazenave Jean 38 years old, born . "The Commune still found some supporters in this section." (Courtois, in Walter, 225)

-Charigny Jean-Baptiste , 55 years old, "Charigny, from the Mont-Blanc section, one of the new members appointed in Prairial by the Committee of Public Safety, had an even better excuse than Vincent: employed at the military transport office, Rue du Faubourg Montmartre, he had returned quietly home after his work, stayed there, and had not set foot at the City Hall. His claim was no more successful than those of Vincent and Bougon." (Sainte-Claire Deville, 330)

-Charlemagne Jean-Philippe-Victor 27 years old "Charlemagne belongs to the personnel of what is conventionally called the Robespierrist Commune; representative of the Brutus section at the General Council, he became its vice-president after the Germinal purge; he will perish on the 10th of Thermidor." (Soboul, 900)

-Chatelain or Chatelin François-Laurent , 43 years "Citizen François-Laurent Chatelain, member of the civil committee of the Lombards section, designated by it to the General Council of the Commune, elected police administrator, artist painter, aged 43, born in Nancy, married, no children, residing in Paris, Rue Quincampoix. The National Convention, considering that Chatelain's property belongs to the Republic, gives him all possible guarantees in execution." (In the National Archives: decision on the nationalization of his property.) "Chatelain, aged 43, member of the civil committee of the Lombards section, chosen by it to the General Council of the Commune, elected police administrator, artist painter, born in Nancy." (In the family file: List of condemned persons of the family: National Archives.)

-Cochois or Cauchois Jean-Baptiste , 54 years old,

"Cochois' efforts with the committees to persuade them to join the Commune had no effect on them and only served to prove his complicity with the conspirators, which led to his death alongside them, struck by the sword of the law." (Courtois, in Walter, 184.)

- Coru Jacques-Pierre 63 years old.

- Cresson Jacques-Louis. Executed on 11 Thermidor.

- Daubancourt René-Toussaint , 43 years old

"Daubancourt, a member of the General Council, wearing the tricolor sash, spoke in favor of the Commune. His arrest was decided, and he was sent to the Committee of General Security. This was approved by the representatives of the people who, shortly after, appeared at the assembly." (Courtois, in Walter, 223.)

- Delacour Pierre-Nicolas , 37 years old, very active during 9 thermidor

"Received a letter from the Commune to immediately call a general assembly. On that day, at eight o’clock in the evening, Lacour, one of our municipal officers, came to invite and urge the committee to establish a regular correspondence, every two hours, with the Commune, which at that moment was expecting Robespierre, St-Just, and Couthon within its ranks." (Excerpt from the records of the deliberations of the Civil Committee of the section, in Walter, 187.)

"At this moment, Lacour, a member of the General Council, entered. His entire demeanor indicated great agitation; he said, 'How can you remain calm while all the committees are going to the Commune, which will soon have Robespierre, St-Just, and Couthon among its members? You should send delegations every two hours to establish correspondence with it;' and then left without waiting for a response." (Account of the events reported to the Civil Committee on the 9th and 10th, presented to citizen Barras, a representative of the people, with the hope it would reach the Committee of Public Safety or the Committee of General Security, in Walter, 188.)

"At around one o’clock, twenty-four deputies appointed by the general assembly to spread out to the forty-seven other sections and convey its wish occupied the committee in dispatching their powers. A committee member declared that at seven o’clock in the evening he saw Lacour enter the Revolutionary Committee; his concerned demeanor aroused his curiosity, so he followed him to ask if there were any news. Lacour replied that there was a lot, but that it couldn’t be shared with everyone. Lacour then told the Committee to remove the outsiders, and our colleague immediately withdrew." (Account of the events reported to the Civil Committee on the 9th and 10th, presented to citizen Barras, with the hope it would reach the Committee of Public Safety or the Committee of General Security, in Walter, 189.)

"A woman spoke about an incident, stating that she had come from the National Convention, where she heard Thuriot place a bounty on Hanriot’s head, saying that anyone who brought Hanriot to the Convention would have well deserved the gratitude of the Fatherland and promised a considerable sum of money to whoever brought his head. She added that it horrified her and made her hair stand on end." (Minutes of the General Assembly of the section during the night of 9th to 10th Thermidor, in Walter, 191.)

-Deltroit Claude-Antoine, 43 years old.

"A man named Deltroit, a municipal officer, arrived and expressed his surprise that the Museum section had neither provided reinforcements nor artillery according to the Commune's requisition. This astonishment was received as it should be by true patriots, and Deltroit was detained." (Minutes of the Revolutionary Committee’s session of the section, in Walter, 253.)

- Deboisseaux Charles-Huant 39 years old

"Among the outlaws, several had managed to flee and avoid immediate arrest. Among them was Coffinhal, who had succeeded in leaving the Hôtel de Ville. [...] He then left with his friend Desboisseaux, a member of the Commune and juror at the Tribunal, who, like him, lived on the Île Saint-Louis (Fraternity section). They had wandered together around Paris throughout the 10th, where their friends were being arrested left and right and Robespierre was being taken to the scaffold. They dined at Boulevard de l’Hôpital, in one of the most remote and deserted corners of Paris at the time; they had supper at rue d’Enfer, at the Écu, in the Observatory section, which alone had openly embraced their party during the previous night. They had continued to roam, unable to find a safe refuge, and dared not present themselves at the barriers. At one o’clock in the morning, the two outlaws had separated; Desboisseaux had returned to the Île Saint-Louis to try to see his wife, where he learned that the Revolutionary Committee had already come to seal his home and had not found his wife. After this day and night of anxious wandering and being hunted, following the exhausting hours of the night of the 9th to the 10th, the unfortunate man stated that he had walked until 6 o’clock in the morning and then entered the house of citizen Martin, a wine merchant, at Quai des Ormes, where he probably hoped to rest. Martin recognized him, called the Revolutionary Committee of the section, and that’s how Desboisseaux, immediately arrested, went to the scaffold in the evening, perhaps having had no more than a minute of rest during sixty hours." (Sainte-Claire Deville, 338-339.)

-Desvieux Marc-Louis 44 years old,

"The [General Assembly of the Contract-Social section] had sent commissioners to the Commune; two of them had taken the oath there. It appeared to be wavering in favor of the rebels." (Courtois, in Walter, 200.)

- Devaux or Desvaux Pierre-François 53 years old,

-Dorigny Louis-François , 36 years old very active during 9 thermidor

"The Popincourt section, being far from the places where the conspirators were stirring and where the national representation was striking the traitors, showed much anxiety and uncertainty in its conduct; it also had members and friends of the Commune within it who deceived it. Dorigny, who paid for his treachery with his life, had singularly influenced it. It had sent commissioners to the Commune, not only to learn about the facts but to participate in its deliberations. […] Among the culprits who were in this section and who contributed to misleading it was Dorigny, whom I have just mentioned. […] The Revolutionary Committee seems, according to documents found at the Commune, to have made the requested oath; but it also seems to have acted according to principles: it arrested Dorigny." (Courtois, in Walter, 266-267.)

"The Popincourt assembly, meeting shortly after nine o’clock, on the initiative of Dorigny, a member of the General Committee, sent twelve commissioners to the Commune 'with the power to deliberate if required,' but also delegated as many to the Convention. On their return around eleven o'clock, the commissioners announced the Commune's rebellion: the assembly immediately aligned itself with the national representation. Dorigny tried around midnight to regain control: the assembly persisted in its decision." (Soboul, 1017-1018.)

- Dumetz Pierre 37 years old.

- Dumontier Denis-Joseph 51 years old or 42 years old

-Eudes Jean-Pierre 31 years old, born in 1763 very active during the night of 9 and 10 thermidor

- Farot or Faro Jean-Léonard 31 years old, was one of the most active during the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor.

- Gamaury or Gamory Martial , 46 years old, born.

- Gibert Jean-Louis , 42 or 43 years old.

-Girardin Jean-Claude , 48 years old

“Girardin stayed at the Commune until the end and was arrested during the invasion of the Hôtel de Ville by the Convention troops. He went to the guillotine on the 11th.” (Walter, note on page 221.)

- Girod or GIRAUD Giraud Pierre 27 years old, born

- Grenard René , 43 or 45 years old.

-Hoëner or Haëner Pierre, 52 years old

-Henry Pierre 48 or 49 years old, "Citizen Renaud arriving from the Commune went to the tribune and said: 'The country is saved once again. It was then eleven thirty. The sections have united at the Commune, the council is working on a proclamation that will inform you of the dangers you have faced, the representatives have been found and are under the protection of the people, the commander of the mounted gendarmerie and his officers are in Hanriot's hands and will be shot tomorrow morning.'" (Minutes of the General Assembly of the section, in Walter, 226-227.) "The Revolutionary Committee of the Arsenal section passed to the order of the day on the guilty proposition made by a municipal officer (Henry, punished with death) to join the Commune." (Courtois, in Walter, 178.)

-Jault Pierre-Simon-Joseph 32 years old "Despite the efforts of Damour and Monnoyer, despite the deputations made by the municipal conspirators and the presence of Mercier, Jault, and Dazard, who have since been struck down by the law, this section remained loyal, and the apostles of the rebellious Commune were arrested by its orders." (Courtois, in Walter, 176.)

- Jemptel Auguste or Antoine , 54 years old, "Commune of Paris, 9 Thermidor Year II. The members of the General Council of the Commune invite the Bon-Conseil section, which has distinguished itself at all times, to send commissioners to its midst to deliberate on means of public salvation and the true support of the friends of the people and liberty; almost all sections are currently united. Signed: Léchenard, Arthur, Louvet, Legrand, Jemptel." (Courtois, in Walter, 181.) "The Revolutionary Committee arrested Jemptel, a municipal officer who had participated in the Commune's revolt." (Courtois, in Walter, 180-181.)

-Jerome or Jerosme Nicolas JEROME 44 years old. "Municipal officers Alexandre Louvet, Louis Pâris, and Nicolas Jérôme, along with a few others, were arrested and sent to the Committee of General Security." All three were guillotined on the 11th. (Courtois, in Walter, 223.)

-Jobert Auguste-Germain 50 years old.

- Jonquoy Claude 44 years old "Jonquoy, who was serving as a police administrator, was arrested with his colleagues at the town hall around 2 a.m. on 10 Thermidor; he was guillotined on the 11th." (Walter, note 1, 221.)

- Lamiral or Ladmiral Pierre-Léon 34 years old.

- Langlois Jean-Nicolas 47 years old, arrested by own section when he tried to rally them to the Commune ,"The municipal officer Langlois first tried to corrupt President Trépié, then harangued the section to urge it to rally to the Commune, but was not listened to." (Courtois, in Walter, 249.) "On the 9th, at a quarter past midnight, Citizen Langlois, a member of the Commune, despite the decrees of the National Convention which the assembly only knew verbally, presented himself to the assembly with Citizen Trépié, president, urging him to use his efforts to excite the general assembly to join the Commune and take the oath of loyalty. To which Citizen Trépié turned his back and told him that he was speaking to the assembly, looking at him with indignation. Whereupon I, Bourgoy, secretary, having heard him and pointed out that we were disregarding the orders of the Commune. To which Langlois replied that a second order would be forthcoming and that it would be necessary to proclaim it immediately. When I told him that if it came I would tear it up, he said: 'You will tear it up, you will desire it.' I said: 'No, I will not tear it up, but I will record it in my minutes as a proscribed thing.' He allowed himself to say that the Commune was not in [revolution], but that it was the Convention which was in counter-revolution and that it was oppressing the patriots. This denunciation, I, Bourgoy, signed and sent to the Revolutionary Committee of my section at eight in the morning of 10 Thermidor." (Denunciation addressed to the Revolutionary Committee of the section by Citizen Bourgoy, secretary-clerk of the sectional assembly, in Walter, 249-250.) "The Mont-Blanc assembly met around 9:30. 'Fear of being misled led it to appoint a delegation to receive the orders from the Committees of Public Safety and General Security.' When Langlois, a member of the General Council, requested that delegates go to pledge allegiance to the Commune, the assembly, despite his insistence, moved to the next item on the agenda." (Soboul, 1014.)

-Langlois Marie-François 37 years old, "The Civil Committee sent two commissioners to the Commune authorized by the general assembly, which refused to send two commissioners to the Committee of Public Safety. It [The assembly] sent observers to the Convention who placed themselves in the tribune of the journalist Millin. A certain Rossignol came to reveal the seditious plans of the Commune. Tumult. The assembly listened favorably to Lemasson who praised the General Council and who had sworn allegiance to the Commune. It applauded Pelletier who unleashed himself against the Committee of Public Safety and the Convention, and announced that the representatives defending the homeland had returned to the people. It smiled at the speech of municipal officer Langlois, who came with a sash to praise the principles and conduct of the municipal conspirators, stirred and troubled by the reading of a note from Millin urging citizens not to recognize the orders of the municipality placed outside the law. It only pronounced in favor of the Convention after it was certain of its victory." (Courtois, in Walter, 193.) "Chalier section, two men long held the assembly under their influence, with the complicity of the president who refused to give the floor 'to good commissioners returning from mission': Pelletier, justice of the peace, and Lemaçon, his assessor; Langlois, municipal officer, 'confirmed the imprecations of the two previous ones.'" (Soboul, 1020.)

-Lasnier Jacques 52 years old, very active during 9 thermidor and escort Maximilien Robespierre to the Commune "Mutius-Scaevola section, the session opened at eight o'clock with the reading of the Council's summons letter, commissioners were sent to the Commune 'to find out what was happening there.' A discussion then ensued on the legality of this summons; it was announced that the Commune was in rebellion. The assembly immediately recalled its commissioners and declared that it was illegal. 'The assembly spontaneously adjourned, but resolved to remain united to await orders.' When Lasnier, a member of the General Council, appeared after ten o'clock, the assembly declared that it recognized only the Convention." (Soboul, 1016.) "Another member, having seen Lasnier, a member of the Commune, in the assembly, demanded that he be taken to the revolutionary committee. Lasnier demanded the floor. Lasnier made an ardent defense of the Commune, of Robespierre, of Hanriot, and the Jacobins. The assembly, not being swayed by his perfidious insinuations, resolved again that it recognized no authority other than that of the Convention. As for Lasnier, he was taken to the revolutionary committee, which placed him under arrest. Taken the next morning to the Committee of General Security; he was guillotined on 11 Thermidor." (Summary of the Minutes written by the Civil Committee of the section, in Walter, 256.)

-Lauvin Edmé-Marguerite 60 years old.

- Legendre Jean-Baptiste-Emmanuel 60 or 61 years old,

-Legrand Pierre-Jacques 51 years old

-Lelievre Jacques-Mathurin 40 or 41 years old, born in Paris. Very active during the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor.

-Lesire Jean-Charles-Pierre 43 years old.

-Louvet Pierre-Alexandre , 33 years old,very active during 9 Thermidor . “Several had the courage of their opinions and disdainfully refused to defend themselves, for example, the painter Pierre-Alexandre Louvet from the section of the Homme-Armé, a young and active member of the Execution Committee. It is remembered that he had left the Town Hall around two in the morning to accompany the deputation sent by the General Council to the Jacobins. Captured on the return by a patrol from the section of the Halle au Blé, taken at 3 a.m. before the Revolutionary Committee, he was asked if he had participated in the decrees issued by the Commune since the previous day. He proudly replied ‘yes, and that if it were to be done again, he would do it, that he is in the patriotic principles, and that he will be until death, and that he prefers to die rather than live as a slave.’” (Sainte-Claire Deville, 328.) “The Commune nevertheless still found some supporters in this sanction.” (Courtois, in Walter, 225.)

-Lubin Jean-Jacques , 29 years old.

-Lumiere Jacques-Nicolas 46 years old.

-Marcel André 53 or 73 years old.

-Mercier Louis-Joseph 40 years old. After the actions of the Commune . After the action of the Commune failed, instead of escaping he decided to surrender Surrendered himself.

“Mercier, a municipal officer (sentenced to death), tried in vain to lead the committee to the Commune’s cause; in response, a protest of unwavering loyalty and attachment to the Convention was sent.” (Courtois, in Walter, 179.)

-Mercier Marc-Martial-André , 43 years old

“Despite his patriotism, Mercier was not a sans-culotte due to his lifestyle and position.” (Soboul, 895.)

“He was reproached for his immoral conduct (he abandoned his 'respectable and virtuous' wife for another woman), the inconsistency of his character 'which means that patriots never know what to expect from him,' and being a poor republican for having refused sixty sous to a poor and sick patriot ('the character of a true republican is to relieve his brothers in adversity, especially when they enjoy such considerable salaries as those of Mercier').” (Soboul, 895.)

“9 Thermidor, ten o'clock in the evening. The session begins with the reading of a decree from the General Council of the Commune. The assembly appoints two commissioners to go to the Commune. The commissioners report that the armed force assembled in the Place de Grève has withdrawn. A citizen sent by the civil committee at eight o'clock to the Commune to find out what was happening there reports that he was asked to write his name on a piece of paper and have the commissioners present from the section take an oath, and that Mercier and Gency, representatives of the section, said that the detained patriots had been freed and that all orders would come from the Commune as all authorities were gathered there. The assembly, outraged by the Commune's demands, swears to die for the national representation.” (Summary of the General Assembly minutes of the section, in Walter, 214.)

-Mettot Dominique 45 years old.

-Morel Jacques 55 years old.

-Moyne Jacques 39 years old.

-Naudin Nicolas 33 or 35 years old .

“The committee deliberating on how to secure Naudin and Talbot, members of the Commune declared out of the law and residing in the section, decided to search their houses and seal them.” Naudin, present at the session of the 9th, was arrested at the Maison-Commune. He went to the scaffold.” (Extraordinary session of the Civil Committee of the section on 9 Thermidor, in Walter, 280.)

-Pacquotte Jean 47 or 48 years old

-Paffe François-Auguste 41 years old.

-Paris Pierre-Louis 34 years old

“The municipal officers Alexandre Louvet, Louis Paris, and Nicolas Jérôme, and a few others, are arrested and sent to the General Security Committee.” All three were guillotined on the 11th. (Courtois, in Walter, 223.)

-Pelletier François 33 years old.

-Ravel Jacques 55 or 48 years old.

-Remy Pierre 45 years old

“Journet is announced as arriving from the Commune. He says: ‘I was invited to tell you to join the Commune. You know that the Commune has been declared outlawed; you know it is composed of all good patriots, and declaring the good patriots outlaws means declaring all patriots outlaws. That’s why I present to the assembly that it should not have read the proclamation of the Convention.’ Journet adds that while at the town hall he saw Rémy, who asked him how the section was behaving and told him, ‘Go quickly to my section and invite it to join the other sections under the orders of the Commune.’” (Minutes of the General Assembly of the section, in Walter, 227.)

-Sijas Prosper 35 years old , loyalist to Robespierre.

“Sijas, former deputy to Bouchotte and a pronounced patriot.” (Soboul, 876.)

-Souard or Souars Étienne-Antoine , 56 or 57 years old,

-Talbot or Taillebot Jean-Baptiste-Crépin 58 years old

“From 3 p.m., Talbot invites the commander of the Temple section to go to the headquarters; he goes there: half an hour later, the general assembly convenes and the men hurry to the gathering points.” (Soboul, 997.)

“The commander arrives and declares that citizen Talbot, a member of the Commune, had him called at three o'clock in a third-party house where he was. Talbot, who was waiting for him on the boulevard, urged him to go immediately to Hanriot to receive his orders; he went there immediately, Hanriot was surrounded by many people, and Hanriot ordered him to arm all citizens and to obey only him, the general, and the Commune of Paris. He then requested this order in writing, but Hanriot told him he only gave verbal orders. He then returned to the section, and having seen citizens gathering armed on his way, he thought it his duty to do the same in his section to maintain public order and therefore called the roll.” (Extraordinary session of the Civil Committee of the section on 9 Thermidor, in Walter, 278.)

“Despite Talbot's pressure, the Temple section committees refused around six o'clock to obey the Commune's demands.” (Soboul, 1007.)

“The committee deliberating on how to secure Naudin and Talbot, members of the Commune declared outlaws and residing in the section, decided to search their houses and seal them.” (Extraordinary session of the Civil Committee of the section on 9 Thermidor, in Walter, 280.)

“Talbot, having left shortly before the end of the session, managed to return to his home. He was arrested in the morning of the 10th.” (Walter, note 1, 280.)

-Tanchon Ponce 32 or 33 years old.

“A citizen presenting himself to the committee and invited to say what was new responded with warmth that the people were in insurrection, that the Jacobins, all the sections, the constituted authorities, and the tribunals were rallying around the Commune to defend Robespierre and to oppose the Convention, which, he said, wanted to oppress and make him a victim; he urged us with all his might to go to the Commune, and the reason he gave was that the tocsin was sounding and the people were exercising their sovereignty.” (Minutes of the Civil Committee session of the section, in Walter, 197.)

-Vaucanu Jean-Guillaume-François 37 years old.

-Vincent Jean-Baptiste 35 (or 36) years old

“Vincent, from the Indivisibility section, was a good man. [...] Building contractor and administrator of the heavy artillery workshop, he had been detained very late at his office and could only go to the Commune after 10 p.m. [He signed as number 91, the last one on the attendance list.] He left after a quarter of an hour, without making a gesture or saying a word. The next morning, having learned of the decree declaring the municipality outlawed, he voluntarily went to the General Security Committee, with the deep conviction of his perfect innocence. Naturally, he was arrested and pushed into the vestibule where prisoners gathered. Hearing his colleagues' conversations and the guards' remarks, he became anxious and hastily wrote a petition: ‘... Faithfully submitting to the law, reassured by the sense of a guiltless conscience, he came voluntarily to place himself under your orders, offering his conduct for your examination, convinced that if justice weighs on guilty heads, it will consider it a sacred duty to protect and defend innocence confused with crime.’” (Sainte-Claire Deville, 329-330.)

-Witchericht or Wiltcheritz or Vichterich Martin 44 (or 48) years old. Was in Luxembourg prison: refused to let Robespierre to go to to prison and sent him to the town hall instead

“The Popincourt section, distant from where the conspirators were active and where the national representation was striking the traitors, showed much anxiety and uncertainty in its conduct; it also had members and friends of the Commune among its ranks who misled it.” (Courtois, in Walter, 266.)

Mention to : Benoist, Boulanger's adjutant who killed himself in the section yard.

I was able to find all the names and quite a few excerpts of text (some that I knew, others not, whether it was the names or the excerpts of text) on the excellent site. If you want more information about these revolutionaries go to this link:

https://www.amis-robespierre.org/11-Thermidor-an-II-29-juillet-1794#:~:text=Sur%20les%20140%20membres%20du,journ%C3%A9e%2Drecord%20d'ex%C3%A9cutions.

[tchouameninga]

https://www.tumblr.com/tchouameninga/770776811717214208/big-brown-eyes

Ruben’s dating past is nothing compared to John 😂 John is more comparable to Kyle unfortunately

mauro icardi thibaut courtois and nicolas otamendi is worst dating history final boss

[info-sepakbola118]

INFORMASI SEPUTAR PERTANDINGAN YANG AKAN DATANG

Girona vs Liverpool (00:45 WIB)

Liverpool dengan tren positif mereka saat ini, diperkirakan akan menjadi tim dominan dalam pertandingan ini. Dengan performa luar biasa dalam beberapa pertandingan terakhir, Liverpool memiliki peluang besar untuk menang melawan Girona.

Prediksi Statistik:

Girona:

Performa Terakhir: 2 kemenangan, 1 seri, 2 kekalahan

Pemain Kunci: Cristhian Stuani, Samu Saiz

Liverpool:

Performa Terakhir: 5 kemenangan beruntun

Pemain Kunci: Mohamed Salah, Virgil van Dijk

Prediksi Skor: Girona 0-3 Liverpool

Line-Up Perkiraan:

Girona: Juan Carlos, Arnau Martinez, Santi Bueno, Juanpe, David Lopez, Oriol Romeu, Samu Saiz, Borja Garcia, Ramon Terrats, Cristhian Stuani, Nahuel Bustos.

Liverpool: Alisson Becker, Trent Alexander-Arnold, Virgil van Dijk, Joel Matip, Andrew Robertson, Jordan Henderson, Fabinho, Thiago Alcantara, Mohamed Salah, Roberto Firmino, Sadio Mane.

Leverkusen vs Inter Milan (03:00 WIB)

Leverkusen memiliki rekor kandang yang solid, namun Inter Milan dengan performa tandang yang kuat diperkirakan akan memberikan perlawanan sengit.

Prediksi Statistik:

Leverkusen:

Performa Terakhir: 3 kemenangan, 1 seri, 1 kekalahan

Pemain Kunci: Patrik Schick, Moussa Diaby

Inter Milan:

Performa Terakhir: 4 kemenangan, 1 kekalahan

Pemain Kunci: Lautaro Martinez, Nicolo Barella

Prediksi Skor: Leverkusen 1-2 Inter Milan

Line-Up Perkiraan:

Leverkusen: Lukas Hradecky, Jonathan Tah, Edmond Tapsoba, Mitchel Bakker, Jeremie Frimpong, Charles Aranguiz, Exequiel Palacios, Florian Wirtz, Moussa Diaby, Patrik Schick, Karim Bellarabi.

Inter Milan: Samir Handanovic, Milan Skriniar, Stefan de Vrij, Alessandro Bastoni, Denzel Dumfries, Marcelo Brozovic, Nicolo Barella, Hakan Calhanoglu, Ivan Perisic, Lautaro Martinez, Edin Dzeko.

Red Bull Salzburg vs Paris Saint Germain (03:00 WIB)

Paris Saint Germain dengan kekuatan serangan mereka diperkirakan akan mendominasi pertandingan ini, meskipun Red Bull Salzburg juga tidak bisa dianggap remeh.

Prediksi Statistik:

Red Bull Salzburg:

Performa Terakhir: 3 kemenangan, 2 kekalahan

Pemain Kunci: Karim Adeyemi, Noah Okafor

Paris Saint Germain:

Performa Terakhir: 4 kemenangan, 1 seri

Pemain Kunci: Kylian Mbappe, Neymar Jr, Lionel Messi

Prediksi Skor: Red Bull Salzburg 1-3 Paris Saint Germain

Line-Up Perkiraan:

Red Bull Salzburg: Philipp Kohn, Rasmus Kristensen, Maximilian Wober, Oumar Solet, Andreas Ulmer, Nicolas Seiwald, Mohamed Camara, Brenden Aaronson, Karim Adeyemi, Noah Okafor, Benjamin Sesko.

Paris Saint Germain: Gianluigi Donnarumma, Achraf Hakimi, Marquinhos, Presnel Kimpembe, Nuno Mendes, Marco Verratti, Idrissa Gueye, Georginio Wijnaldum, Lionel Messi, Kylian Mbappe, Neymar Jr.

Atalanta vs Real Madrid (03:00 WIB)

Pertandingan antara Atalanta dan Real Madrid diperkirakan akan berlangsung sengit, dengan Real Madrid yang lebih berpengalaman memiliki sedikit keunggulan.

Prediksi Statistik:

Atalanta:

Performa Terakhir: 3 kemenangan, 1 seri, 1 kekalahan

Pemain Kunci: Duvan Zapata, Ruslan Malinovskyi

Real Madrid:

Performa Terakhir: 4 kemenangan, 1 seri

Pemain Kunci: Karim Benzema, Luka Modric

Prediksi Skor: Atalanta 1-2 Real Madrid

Line-Up Perkiraan:

Atalanta: Juan Musso, Rafael Toloi, Merih Demiral, Jose Luis Palomino, Hans Hateboer, Marten de Roon, Remo Freuler, Robin Gosens, Ruslan Malinovskyi, Luis Muriel, Duvan Zapata.

Real Madrid: Thibaut Courtois, Dani Carvajal, Eder Militao, David Alaba, Ferland Mendy, Casemiro, Luka Modric, Toni Kroos, Vinicius Jr, Karim Benzema, Rodrygo.

Shakhtar Donetsk vs Bayern Munchen (03:00 WIB)

Bayern Munchen diperkirakan akan mendominasi pertandingan melawan Shakhtar Donetsk dengan kekuatan serangan yang luar biasa.

Prediksi Statistik:

Shakhtar Donetsk:

Performa Terakhir: 2 kemenangan, 2 seri, 1 kekalahan

Pemain Kunci: Tete, Manor Solomon

Bayern Munchen:

Performa Terakhir: 5 kemenangan beruntun

Pemain Kunci: Robert Lewandowski, Thomas Muller

Prediksi Skor: Shakhtar Donetsk 0-3 Bayern Munchen

Line-Up Perkiraan:

Shakhtar Donetsk: Anatolii Trubin, Dodo, Mykola Matvienko, Marlon Santos, Ismaily, Taras Stepanenko, Maycon, Alan Patrick, Tete, Manor Solomon, Fernando.

Bayern Munchen: Manuel Neuer, Benjamin Pavard, Niklas Sule, Dayot Upamecano, Alphonso Davies, Joshua Kimmich, Leon Goretzka, Serge Gnabry, Thomas Muller, Leroy Sane, Robert Lewandowski. TIPSTER:

cek info pertandingan selanjutnya

[mpo11slotgacor]

MPO11 PREDIKSI BELGIUM vs ROMANIA EURO 2024

Pertandingan antara Belgia dan Rumania dalam ajang Piala Euro 2024 yang akan digelar nanti malam di Stadion Olimpico, Roma, menjanjikan aksi seru dan intensitas tinggi. Kedua tim ini akan berusaha keras untuk memenangkan pertandingan ini dan mengamankan posisi yang lebih baik di grup.

Performa Tim

Belgia:

Belgia datang ke Euro 2024 sebagai salah satu tim favorit. Dengan pemain-pemain bintang seperti Kevin De Bruyne, Romelu Lukaku, dan Thibaut Courtois, Belgia memiliki skuad yang sangat kuat dan berpengalaman. Pelatih Roberto Martínez telah berhasil meramu strategi yang efektif, menggabungkan serangan tajam dan pertahanan yang solid.

Rumania:

Rumania mungkin tidak memiliki banyak pemain bintang seperti Belgia, tetapi mereka dikenal dengan semangat juang tinggi dan disiplin taktis. Dipimpin oleh pelatih Mirel Rădoi, Rumania telah menunjukkan performa yang konsisten selama babak kualifikasi. Pemain kunci seperti Nicolae Stanciu dan Ianis Hagi diharapkan bisa memberikan kontribusi besar dalam pertandingan ini.

Analisis Taktik

Belgia:

Belgia kemungkinan akan mengadopsi formasi 3-4-3, dengan fokus pada penguasaan bola dan serangan dari sayap. De Bruyne akan menjadi playmaker utama, mengatur serangan dan memberikan umpan-umpan terobosan kepada Lukaku. Pertahanan Belgia yang dikomandoi oleh Courtois juga diharapkan bisa meredam serangan balik Rumania.

Rumania:

Rumania diprediksi akan menggunakan formasi 4-2-3-1, dengan fokus pada pertahanan yang kokoh dan serangan balik cepat. Stanciu akan menjadi kreator utama di lini tengah, mencoba memecah pertahanan Belgia dengan umpan-umpan cerdas. Pertahanan Rumania harus sangat disiplin untuk menahan gempuran serangan dari pemain-pemain berbakat Belgia.

Pemain Kunci

Belgia:

⚫Kevin De Bruyne: Gelandang kreatif dengan kemampuan luar biasa dalam hal passing dan visi bermain. Dia akan menjadi motor serangan Belgia.

⚫Romelu Lukaku: Striker tajam yang dikenal dengan kekuatan fisik dan penyelesaian akhirnya. Dia akan menjadi ancaman utama bagi pertahanan Rumania.

Rumania:

⚫Nicolae Stanciu: Gelandang serang yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menciptakan peluang dan mencetak gol dari jarak jauh.

⚫Ianis Hagi: Pemain muda berbakat yang bisa memberikan kejutan dengan kreativitas dan dribblingnya.

Prediksi Skor

Melihat kualitas dan performa kedua tim, Belgia jelas menjadi favorit dalam pertandingan ini. Namun, Rumania bisa memberikan perlawanan yang tidak mudah dengan disiplin pertahanan mereka. Prediksi skor akhir:

Belgia 2 - 0 Rumania

Belgia diharapkan bisa memenangkan pertandingan ini dengan permainan yang dominan dan kontrol penuh atas jalannya pertandingan, sementara Rumania kemungkinan akan berjuang keras untuk menahan serangan dan mencari celah melalui serangan balik

[realmadridfamily]

Nico Courtois with uncle Jude after El Clasico :)

[wags-and-kids-in-madrid]

Thibaut and Nicolas Courtois at Benicio’s birthday party

[buzzmaxsports]

Romania Stuns Euro 2024 with Unbelievable Goal After Real Madrid Star's Blunder – Must Watch!

Euro 2024 has kicked off dramatically for Romania, capitalising on an error from a Real Madrid player. Andriy Lunin, who has had an excellent season stepping in for the injured Thibaut Courtois, found himself in an unfortunate situation. The Ukrainian goalkeeper mistakenly passed the ball to Romania’s Nicolae Stanciu, who scored a stunning goal. The goal happened against the run of play. Ukraine…

[anotherhumaninthisworld]

Attempts on Robespierre’s life compilation

Henri Admirat: wanted to shoot Robespierre at the Committee of Public Safety, tried to shoot Collot d’Herbois in his stairwell.

Cécile Renault: wanted to stab Robespierre with an iron dagger that she didn’t know was in her pocket. 

Legendre: was encouraged by an anonymous letter to take two pistols and shoot Saint-Just and Robespierre in the middle of the Convention

Lecointre, Fréron, Barras, Rovère, Thirion, Courtois, Garnier de l'Aube, Guffroy and Tallien: planned to team up and stab Robespierre to death in the middle of the Convention.

Bourdon d’Oise: planned to on his own stab Robespierre to death with a cutlass according to Pierre Nicolas Berryer.

Fouché: wanted to kidnap Robespierre from the jacobins and drown him in the Seine according to Paul Ségur.

Collot d’Herbois: attempted to throw Robespierre through the window of the Committee of Public Safety according to Barras.

Unknown assassin 1: tried to kill Robespierre on the eve of the Insurrection of August 10 according to Lucile Desmoulins.

Unknown assassin 2: tried to choke Robespierre to death when alone with him at the Duplays according to Charlotte Robespierre.

Charlotte Robespierre: attempted to poison Robespierre with jam according to Françoise Duplay.

If reddit had existed in the 18th century I bet these guys would be active in threads like this:

OK but seriously, which one of these assassination attemps actually come off as least unserious/most probable to actually working?

[jpbjazz]

LÉGENDES DU JAZZ

HOMMAGE À CHRISTIAN ESCOUDÉ 1947-2024

Né le 23 septembre 1947 à Angoulême, en France, Christian Escoudé était d’origine tsigane par son père. La famille Escoudé, qui était d’origine espagnole, s’était installée en Charente lorsque les troupes nazies avaient envahi la France en juin 1940. La mère de Christian était d’origine charentaise.

Également guitariste, le père de Christian avait été très influencé par Django Reinhardt. Christian avait commencé à apprendre la guitare avec son père et son oncle à l’âge de dix ans. Après avoir joué dans différents bals de la région, Christian a été engagé en 1969, à l’âge de vingt et un ans, par l’orchestre d’Aimé Barelli à Monte-Carlo, dont il fera partie jusqu’en 1971.

DÉBUTS DE CARRIÈRE

Au début des années 1970, Escoudé s’installe à Paris et travaille comme musicien de studio avec des vedettes de la musique pop comme Jean Ferrat, Michel Fugain et Nicole Croisille.

Escoudé a amorcé sa carrière professionnelle en 1972 en se produisant avec le trio du batteur Aldo Romano, qui comprenait également Eddy Louis à l’orgue et Bernard Lubat à la batterie. Plus tard, Escoudé s’était joint au Swing String System de Didier Levallet et au Michel Portal Unit. Après avoir remporté le Prix Django Reinhardt décerné par l'Académie du Jazz en décembre 1975 (il est un des seuls guitaristes de jazz à avoir remporté cet honneur), Escoudé avait formé un quartet avec le pianiste Michel Graillier, le batteur Aldo Romano et le contrebassiste Alby Cullaz (qui fut bientôt remplacé par Jean-François Jenny-Clark). Escoudé avait travaillé par la suite avec Michel Portal, Slide Hampton, Martial Solal et Jean-Claude Fohrenbach.

En 1978, Escoudé s’était produit au Festival de jazz de Nice aux côtés de John Lewis, Bill Evans, Stan Getz, Freddie Hubbard, Philly Joe Jones, Elvin Jones, Lee Konitz et Shelly Manne. La même année, Escoudé avait joué pour la première fois au Festival de Samois dans le cadre d’un hommage à son idole Django Reinhardt. Il a aussi enregistré avec le contrebassiste Charlie Haden. L’année suivante, Escoudé s’était produit au Festival de Dakar avec un trio composé du pianiste René Urtreger, du contrebassiste Pierre Michelot et du batteur et compositeur d’origine suisse Daniel Humair.

À l’été 1980, Escoudé avait obtenu une des grandes chances de sa carrière lorsqu’il avait été invité à jouer en duo avec le guitariste de fusion John McLaughlin, avec qui il avait fait une tournée aux États-Unis, au Brésil et au Japon. L’année suivante, Escoudé s’était joint au big band de Martial Solal. Après avoir joué aux États-Unis avec le quartet du batteur Shelly Manne en 1982, Escoudé a formé son propre quartet avec  Olivier Hutman aux claviers, Nicolas Fitzman à la contrebasse et Jean My Truong aux percussions. Ces deux derniers avaient été remplacés par la suite par Jean-Marc Jafet et Tony Rabeson.

En 1983, Escoudé forme un duo avec le violoniste Didier Lockwood. Le groupe s’était par la suite transformé en trio après l’ajout du guitariste belge Philip Catherine. Après avoir formé un trio avec le violoncelliste Jean-Charles Capon et le contrebassiste Ron Carter en 1985, Escoudé avait formé le Trio Gitan avec Boulou Ferré (le fils de Matelo Ferret) et Babik Reinhardt, le fils de Django. En 1987, il se produit en duo avec le pianiste Michel Graillier.

En 1988, Escoudé s’était joint à un quartet composé de Jean-Michel Pilc, François Moutin et Louis Moutin. L’année suivante, Escoudé avait fondé un octet avec les guitaristes Paul Challain Ferret, Jimmy Gourley et Frédéric Sylvestre, l’accordéoniste Marcel Azzola, le violoncelliste Vincent Courtois, le contrebassiste Alby Cullaz et le batteur Billy Hart.

DERNIÈRES ANNÉES

En 1990, Escoudé s’était produit au légendaire Village Vanguard de New York avec le pianiste Hank Jones, le contrebassiste Pierre Michelot et le batteur Kenny Washington. L’année suivante, Escoudé avait enregistré un album entièrement consacré à des compositions de Django Reinhardt. L’album avait été enregistré avec avec un orchestre à cordes. En 1993, Escoudé enregistre à Los Angeles avec Lou Levy, Bob Magnusson et Billy Higgins.

En 1998, Escoudé avait enchaîné avec ‘’A Suite for Gypsies’’, un album de jazz-fusion destiné à honorer les enfants gitans morts dans les camps de concentration nazis. Deux ans plus tard, Escoudé remporte le Grand Prix de la SACEM.

À l’occasion du 50e anniversaire de la mort de Django en 2003, Escoudé avait formé un big band de dix-sept musiciens dans lequel il explorait l’héritage musical de Reinhardt tout en y incorporant ses  propres idées harmoniques et rythmiques. L’année suivante, Escoudé avait créé le  New Gypsy Trio avec David Reinhardt (un autre parent de Django) et Martin Taylor (aussi connu sous le nom de Jean-Baptiste Laya). Après avoir publié l’album Ma Ya en 2005, Escoudé avait formé le Progressive Sextet avec Marcel Azzola, Jean-Baptiste Laya, Sylvain Guillaume, Jean-Marc Jafet et Yoann Serra.

En 2012, Escoudé avait rendu hommage à l’auteur-compositeur Georges Brassens dans le cadre de l’album ‘’Christian Escoudé joue Brassens: Au bois de mon cœur.’’ Participaient également à l’album le contrebassiste Pierre Boussaguet et la batteuse Anne Paceo, ainsi que des artistes invités comprenant la violoniste Fiona Monbet, le clarinettiste  Andre Villeger, le guitariste Biréli Lagrène et le guitariste manouche de onze ans Swan Berger.

En 2019, Escoudé avait surpris tout le monde en lançant à l’abbaye de Saint-Amant-de-Boixe un second album en hommage à son idole Django Reinhardt.

Christian Escoudé est mort d’un cancer le matin du 13 mai 2024 à Saint-Amant-de-Boixe (Charente), près d’Angoulême, à l’âge de soixante-seize ans. La mort d’Escoudé avait été annoncée par Max Robin, le directeur artistique de la compagnie Label Ouest qui avait publié son dernier album intitulé ‘’Ancrage.’’ Décrivant Escoudé comme un grand musicien, compositeur et improvisateur, Robin avait souligné son engagement dans la musique.

Escoudé avait été victime d’un cancer particulièrement foudroyant. Jean Ledroit, un ami et voisin d’Escoudé à Saint-Amant-de-Boix ‘’On devait jouer avec lui il y a trois semaines à Mansle mais il était déjà malade. C’est brutal {...}. On a perdu un monstre sacré du jazz, le digne successeur de Django Reinhardt ’’.

François Ducharme, l’ancien président de l'Académie du jazz et un des programmateurs de l'émission de radio "Club Jazzafip", avait ajouté: "Un musicien intuitif avec cette poésie au bout des doigts. Un enfant de la balle, comme on dit, à qui on a mis une guitare dans les mains et qui en a fait son métier très jeune, jouant dans les bals, localement, avant de monter à Paris".

Caractérisé par un style très mélodique et très chaud, Escoudé avait participé à l’enregistrement de plus de 50 albums au cours de sa carrière. Le style d’Escoudé était un mélange de bebop et de musique gypsy. Passionné par le jazz, Escoudé s’intéressait également à la musique de chambre. Comme compositeur, Escoudé avait été très influencé par Gil Evans, Claus Ogerman et Antonio Carlos Jobim. En 2022, Escoudé avait vu sa carrière être couronnée par la remise d’un prix Victoire d'honneur du Jazz.

Reconnu pour sa modestie et son sens de l’humour, Escoudé ne s’était jamais enflé la tête avec ses réalisations. Françoise Giroux-Mallot, la mairesse de Saint-Amant-de-Boixe, avait commenté: ‘’C’était quelqu’un d’accessible, modeste et bienveillant.’’ Au cours d’une de ses dernières entrevues, Escoudé était d’ailleurs demeuré très terre-à-terre. Il avait précisé: ‘’On les perd forcément {nos illusions} à un moment mais je pense avoir respecté mon intégrité. Je n’ai jamais été très loin dans les excès, ce n’est pas dans ma nature.’’

©-2024, tous droits réservés, Les Productions de l’Imaginaire historique

[jeanetjeannepatin]

Mercredi 21 février 2024 à 19H, la Petite Boutique Fantasque parle d'un paradis, pas très loin d'ici, dans l'Aude. Un paradis vu par la caméra des frères Larrieu. Un paradis où n'existerait pas le péché de chair. Et où la parole serait libre et crue.

Cette émission a été enregistrée et montée au studio de RadioRadioToulouse et diffusée en hertzien, Toulouse : 106.8 Mhz ou en streaming https://www.radioradiotoulouse.net/ et pour tout le reste du temps sur les podcasts de mixcloud.

Programmation musicale : 1) Chain gang blues (Nicolas Repac) 2) Black night (Deep purple) Bjorn Berge 3) Autumn in may (Vincent Courtois / Sanne Rambags / Julian Sartorius) 4) Dis-moi que tu m'aimes (Zaho de Sagasan) 5) Stand by your man (Tammy Wynette)  6) What a wondrous love (Melanie) 7) Give one heart (Linda Ronstadt) 8) Skin tight skin (Suzy Quatro) 9) Saying something (Helena Deland / Sam Evian) 10) Gemini (Cannonbal Adderley sextet) 11) La nuit mène une existence obscure (Nicolas Repac)

+ deux extraits du film "21 nuits avec Pattie" d'Arnaud et Jean-Marie Larrieu

Pour ceux qui auraient piscine indienne, ou toute autre obligation, il y a une possibilité de rattrapage avec les podcasts de la PBF: https://www.mixcloud.com/RadioRadioToulouse/21-nuits-damour-en-mai-la-petite-boutique-fantasque/

Sus aux Philistins !

Photogramme du film d'Ingmar Bergman, Monika (1953)