#Modern Attar

[delicateenthusiastcreator]

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[thrashkink-coven]

Lucifer as the fallen angel does the myth of him rebellion in heaven is also part of him too

If this question is asking what I think it’s asking, the answer is yes. The “Lucifer” that is the fallen angel of the rebellion from Christianity is a valid archetype of Lucifer as much as the ancient Godhood of Lucifer is. Phosphorous, Eosphoros, and Hesperus are also Lucifer. It all counts (in my books at least) Just as I regard Lilith as both the night- owl demoness from Mesopotamian and Jewish myth, and the Mother of Demons as she is regarded in western demonology and some Christian mythology, AND the goddess that she is revered as in modern Wicca and New Age Spirituality (YES! they count too). Just depends on the context.

Gods, angels, demons, daemons, and deities in general are not human beings or animals. They are not singular “things” but many things doing many things at once. They present themselves to us in different (although common, and surprisingly reliable) ways. Im not a professional lol so this is just my understanding of things. In order to not drive myself insane trying to draw strict distinctions between all these different faces, I’ve gotten comfortable with the fact that deities are not static. They call Isis the goddess of 10,000 names.

I consider the Canaanite - Ugaritic Ashtart/Attar to be an ancient archetype of Lucifer, and he has a myth about rebellion and falling too funnily enough. So I totally adopt Lucifer’s role as the angel of the rebellion in my gnosis.

However, in western demonology in particular Lucifer is usually separate from Satan, who is usually represented by Sammael or Moloch, sometimes even Bael. Lucifer’s role as the light bringer is really emphasized here, and instead of having Eosphoros and Hesperus as the morning and evening stars we have the twin gods Lucifer and Lucifuge Rofocale, the light bringer and the dark ? bringer. I don’t actually know much about him bc I’ve never worked with him lol.

Anyways yes, tldr: context. 💋

[queermuslimarchives]

Mary/Maryam's Gender

Very different from many Islamofascist discourses and even discourses of modern remnants of Muslim traditionalism, both the Quran and classical Islamic philosophy and theosophy hold that gender is something quite dynamic. Genders are not different by essence but are ontologically and teleologically related due to their common root in a unity of being.

“O mankind, be aware of your Caretaker who has created you from one single self and He created from it its mate and sent forth from it many men and women; and be aware of Allah whom you ask about, and the relatives. Allah is watcher over you.” (Quran 4:1)

“Your creation and your resurrection is as one single self, truly Allah is He Who hears and sees.” (Quran 31:28)

Gender is in the Quran seen as a manifestation of a primordial “duality in unity”, similar to the Chinese idea of Yin/Yang, but just like the Chinese idea of Yin and Yang we can not reduce this primordial duality to simple material entities.

“It exists within every fraction of creation, even within our own selves. And of everything we have created pairs, so that you may contemplate.” (Quran 51:49)

It by far transcends any biologisms and it is itself transcended by the final unity of being. In classical Quranic exegesis it is Maryam (Mary, the mother of Jesus) who is most often seen as the person whose life expresses this principle in the best way. I´d like to cite some quranic verses, a wellknown and wellrespected Sunni tafsîr (exegesis) and the quote of a wellknown Sufi writer with regards to this.

When the woman from the house of Imran said: “My Caretaker, I have vowed to You what is in my womb, dedicated, so accept from me, You are the Hearer, the Knower.”

So when she delivered she said: “My Caretaker, I have delivered a female,” but Allah knew well of what she delivered, for the male is not like the female. “and I have named her Maryam, and I seek refuge for her and her progeny with You from the outcast devil.”

So her Caretaker accepted her a good acceptance, and made her grow into a good growth, and charged Zachariah with her. Every time Zachariah entered upon her in the temple enclosure, he found provisions with her. He said: “O Maryam, from where did you get this?” She said: “It is from Allah, Allah provides for whom He wishes without reckoning.” (Quran 3:35-37)

And the angels said: “O Maryam, Allah has chosen you and cleansed you, and He has chosen you above the women of the worlds.”

“O Maryam, be dutiful to your Caretaker and prostrate and kneel with those who kneel.” (Quran 3:42-43)

Next, a longing for a male child arose in her heart. Thus her imagination, firm resolution and expectation exercised an influence upon the fetus. Consequently, Maryam was born blessed with a virile disposition.[…] Maryam was a woman with the qualities of a man, as there are also men with an effeminate nature. This because by nature she looked out for Allah and centred all hopes in Him.

– From the Tawîl al Ahadîth of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi (1703-1762 CE)

“When tomorrow on the Day of Resurrection the call goes up, ‘O men!’, the first person to step into the ranks of men will be the virgin Maryam.”

– From the Tadhkirat al Awliyâ of Fariduddin Attar (ca. 1145-1221 CE)

🛑 This article was written by Leyla Jagiella on her website website in 2009.

[jordanianroyals]

The Royal Hashemite Court announced with deep sorrow the passing of the father of HRH Princess Rajwa Al Hussein, Khaled bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz Al Seif (1954—18 February 2024), may his soul rest in peace.

King Abdullah II has ordered a three-day mourning period, starting today, Sunday, Feb. 18, 2024 AD, corresponding to Shaaban 8, 1445 AH, at the Royal Hashemite Court.

The Royal Hashemite Court extended its heartfelt condolences to King Abdullah II, Queen Rania, Crown Prince Hussein, Princess Rajwa Al Hussein, the deceased's family, and the esteemed Al Saif family.

Born around 1953/1954, Al Seif came from the Subai tribe, which has been the rulers of the town of Attar in Sudair, Najd since the beginning of the reign of King Abdulaziz al Al Saudi. He held a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the American University of Beirut.

Al Seif was the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Al Seif Group, one of the top 25 companies in Saudi Arabia. He was a Board Member of the following local and international companies: Musaed Al Seif & Sons Company; Saudi Medicare Company; International Management Development Company; Dana Investment and Development Company; Al Azizia Commercial and Investment Company; National Power Company; Modern Arab Construction Company; Marina Towers S.A.L.; and Al Seif Holding Company in Lebanon.

He was married to Azza bint Nayef Abdulaziz Ahmad Al Sudairi from another prominent Saudi tribe. He and Azza have four children: Faisal, Nayef, Dana and Rajwa.

[urdubooks24]

Online Treasure of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Introduction

Understanding the Essence of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Define Sufi Poetry

Define Sant Vani

Importance and relevance in modern times

Sufi/Sant Poetry: A Rich Heritage

Historical Background

Origins of Sufi Poetry

Development of Sant Vani

Famous Sufi Poets and Their Contributions

Bulleh Shah

Rumi

Amir Khusro

Renowned Sant Poets and Their Works

Kabir

Tulsidas

Guru Nanak

Sant Vani: The Spiritual Songs

Definition and Importance of Sant Vani

Connection with spirituality and daily life

Prominent Themes in Sant Vani

Love

Devotion

Humanity

Notable Compositions in Sant Vani

Kabir's Dohas

Guru Nanak's Bani

Tulsidas' Ramcharitmanas

Sufi Qawwalis: The Soulful Melodies

Origins and Evolution of Qawwali

Historical context and cultural significance

Famous Qawwals and Their Contributions

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

Sabri Brothers

Abida Parveen

Impact of Qawwalis on Society

Influence on music and cinema

Role in spiritual gatherings

Sufi Kalam: The Divine Verses

Meaning and Importance of Sufi Kalam

Spiritual and philosophical insights

Key Figures in Sufi Kalam

Rumi

Hafez

Shah Hussain

Popular Sufi Kalam Collections

Mathnawi by Rumi

Diwan-e-Hafiz

Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah

E-Books: Accessing the Treasure

Availability of Sufi and Sant Poetry E-Books

Benefits of digital access

Top Online Platforms for Sufi and Sant E-Books

Sufinama

RekhtaBooks

Project Gutenberg

Recommended E-Books for Sufi and Sant Poetry

"The Essential Rumi" by Coleman Barks

"Songs of Kabir" by Rabindranath Tagore

"The Conference of the Birds" by Attar of Nishapur

Conclusion

The Continuing Relevance of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Modern interpretations and adaptations

Influence on contemporary literature and art

Exploring Further

How to engage with and study Sufi and Sant poetry

Online resources and communities

Example Content Sections:

Understanding the Essence of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Sufi and Sant poetry are two deeply spiritual and philosophical traditions that have enriched the cultural and literary heritage of South Asia and beyond. Sufi poetry, often associated with mysticism and the quest for divine love, is known for its profound depth and emotional resonance. Sant Vani, on the other hand, comprises the devotional songs of the Sant tradition, emphasizing ethical living, devotion to God, and social equality.

These poetic forms have not only provided spiritual solace to millions but have also acted as a medium for social reform, challenging rigid societal norms and advocating for a more inclusive and compassionate worldview.

Famous Sufi Poets and Their Contributions

Bulleh Shah Bulleh Shah is one of the most celebrated Sufi poets whose verses transcend the boundaries of time and culture. His poetry, written in Punjabi, is a testament to his profound spiritual journey and his quest for unity with the Divine. Bulleh Shah’s works, such as "Bulleya Ki Jaana Main Kaun," are timeless classics that continue to inspire and resonate with readers around the world.

Rumi Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, more commonly known as Rumi, is perhaps the most famous Sufi poet in the world. His works, written in Persian, have been translated into numerous languages and are widely read across the globe. Rumi’s poetry, encapsulated in his magnum opus "Masnavi," explores themes of divine love, the soul’s journey towards God, and the nature of existence.

Amir Khusro Amir Khusro, a prolific Persian poet and a disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya, made significant contributions to Sufi literature and music. He is often credited with the invention of several musical instruments and the development of new genres of poetry. His ghazals and qawwalis are integral to the Sufi musical tradition and continue to be performed with great reverence.

Prominent Themes in Sant Vani

Sant Vani, the poetic expressions of the Bhakti saints, often revolve around themes of love, devotion, and social justice. The Bhakti movement, which gave rise to Sant Vani, sought to transcend the barriers of caste and creed, promoting a direct and personal relationship with the Divine.

Love and Devotion The Bhakti saints, such as Kabir and Guru Nanak, emphasized the importance of love and devotion in their teachings. Kabir’s dohas (couplets) are renowned for their simplicity and profound wisdom, urging individuals to seek the Divine within themselves and to practice love and compassion in their daily lives.

Humanity and Social Equality The Bhakti poets often used their verses to challenge societal norms and advocate for social justice. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, composed hymns that spoke against the caste system and gender discrimination, promoting the ideals of equality and universal brotherhood.

Famous Qawwals and Their Contributions

Qawwali, a form of Sufi devotional music, has a rich history and a profound impact on South Asian culture. This genre, characterized by its repetitive and hypnotic melodies, is designed to induce a state of spiritual ecstasy and divine connection.

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan is often hailed as the greatest qawwal of all time. His powerful voice and emotive renditions of Sufi poetry have captivated audiences worldwide. His contributions to qawwali music have not only preserved this ancient tradition but also brought it to the global stage, influencing musicians across various genres.

Sabri Brothers The Sabri Brothers, a legendary qawwali group from Pakistan, are known for their dynamic performances and soulful renditions of Sufi poetry. Their qawwalis, such as "Bhar Do Jholi Meri" and "Tajdar-e-Haram," are celebrated for their spiritual fervor and emotional depth.

Abida Parveen Abida Parveen, one of the most iconic female Sufi singers, has made significant contributions to the world of Sufi music. Her powerful and evocative voice has brought the poetry of Sufi saints to life, making her one of the most revered figures in the genre.

Recommended E-Books for Sufi and Sant Poetry

For those looking to delve deeper into the rich traditions of Sufi and Sant poetry, numerous e-books are available online. These digital collections provide a convenient way to explore the profound wisdom and spiritual insights of the Sufi and Bhakti poets.

"The Essential Rumi" by Coleman Barks This renowned translation of Rumi’s poetry by Coleman Barks captures the essence of Rumi’s mystical and spiritual insights. The book includes some of Rumi’s most famous poems, making it an essential read for anyone interested in Sufi literature.

"Songs of Kabir" by Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore’s translation of Kabir’s dohas brings the profound wisdom of this Bhakti saint to a global audience. The book offers a selection of Kabir’s most insightful and thought-provoking verses, providing a glimpse into his spiritual teachings.

"The Conference of the Birds" by Attar of Nishapur This classic Persian poem, written by the Sufi poet Attar of Nishapur, is an allegorical journey of the soul towards enlightenment. The book, available in various translations, is a profound exploration of Sufi philosophy and spiritual quest.

[stardust-swan]

What perfumes give you It Girl vibes?

It depends on what you mean by It Girl (like Clara Bow? Grace Jones? Alexa Chung?)

But if you mean modern, cool girl vibes, I think that type of It Girl would likely either wear fragrances by Killian (the whole brand is just cool girl vibes imo) or an attar she got from a random market stall during her trip to Marrakech. I think lesser known fragrances from houses like Amouage, Montale, Aesop, Diptyque, Byredo, Frederic Malle, Maison Francis Kurkdjian (NOT BR540), Juliette Has a Gun, Parfums De Marly, Zoologist, Maison Margiela, Le Labo or even Kenzo could also work. Sol De Janeiro if she's at the beach or just needs a spray to layer with.

Depending on the situation she'd either wear something girly and sweet but also fresh and cool, something masterfully blended and expensive from a niche house, something with a weird note like plastic that would smell bad on many people but works amazingly with her skin (or alternatively a fragrance from a house like Jo Malone that's notorious for having no staying power on most people but somehow it would last the whole day on her), something uncool that she manages to pull off and make fabulous, or some totally unique scent she made by layering a designer perfume with a random hidden gem she found in a flea market.

It's hard to exactly be able to know because It Girls probably gatekeep their fragrance like there's only five bottles left in the world that they have to fight for on eBay, but I think they'd pick something that's not overly popular. A lesser known perfume from a brand most people wouldn't know unless they were actively into perfume as a hobby. They'd create their own unique style so they wouldn't buy the mega popular scents that basically every woman has gotten for Christmas at some point (unless it was to layer it with something else to create a unique scent). They generally wouldn't care for pretty but common designer scents though and would rather use amazing but obscure niche and indie scents. They also wouldn't use any perfumes influencers are promoting as It Girl scents as they don't follow trends, they make them. Whatever scent they use would be something you'd immediately associate with her. If you caught a whiff of it you'd immediately know she'd arrived without having to turn to look.

[nakibistan]

Inspirational Queer Muslims you need know about them

Tuways

Tuways or Tuwais was a renowned Mukhannath individual in the early days of Islamic Arabia. His/Her real name was Abu Abd al-Munim Isa Abdallah al-Dhāib. In Arabic, the name Tuways or Tuwais means peacock. They were born in 632 AD in Medina, on the same day Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) passed away. According to various scholars, Tuways is often described as one of the leading Mukhannath musicians of Medina during his/her lifetime. He/She served as a mawlā of the Banū Mak̲h̲zūm, under the patronage of Arwā bt. Kurayz, the mother of the Caliph ʿUt̲h̲mān b. ʿAffān.

Tuways initially gained recognition by performing melodies learned from Persian captives & went on to become a celebrated musician during the Rashidun Caliphate, the first Islamic Caliphate. According to some accounts, he/she was a devout queer Muslim and was never blamed for his/her queerness.

al-Dalal

al-Dalal was a Mukhannath poet & musician, based in Medinah. Not much is known about his life. Tuways was his/her master and he/she was one of the favourite pupil of Tuways. al-Dalal is often portrayed as a witty but sometimes crude male who "loved women" but disliked to have sex with them. Few accounts report that he was a bisexual, had sexual encounter with both woman & her groom.

During the reing of Umayyad Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, al-Dalal, along with other Mukhannathun were persecuted for their boldness. They were forcefully castrated. They were enslaved by Umayyads.

Abu Nawas

Abū Nuwās (also known as:Abū Nuwās al-Salamī, Abū 'Alī) was an openly gay poet, and the foremost representative of the modern (muhdath) poetry that developed during the first years of Abbasid Caliphate. He also entered the folkloric tradition, appearing several times in One Thousand and One Nights.

He attended a Qur’an school and became a Hafiz at a young age.His youthful good looks and innate charisma attracted the attention of the Kufan poet, Abu Usama Waliba ibn al-Hubab al-Asadi, who took Abu Nuwas to Kufa as a young apprentice. Waliba recognized in Abu Nuwas his talent as a poet and encouraged him toward this vocation, but was also attracted sexually to the young man and may have had erotic relations with him. Abu Nuwas's relationships with adolescent boys when he had matured as a man seem to mirror his own experience with Waliba. Abu Nuwas wrote poetry in multiple genres; Abu Nuwas’s diwan, his poetry collection, was divided by genre: panegyric poems, elegies, invective, courtly love poems on men and women, poems of penitence, hunting poems, and wine poems. His erotic lyric poetry, which is often homoerotic, is known from over 500 poems and fragments.

Mahmud of Ghazni

Yamin-ud-Dawla Abul Qasim Mahmud commonly known as “Mahmud of Ghazni” or “Mahmud Ghaznavi”. He was known as a great sultan of Ghaznavid Empire. But he is also controversial for his invasion in indian subcontinent & treatment of non-muslims. Besides, he is regarded as icon of queer love.

Mahmud was a bisexual muslim. Mahmud had 9 wives and innumerable concubines as well as male slaves. Mahmud of Ghazni's name is often associated with a man named “Malik Ayaz”. Malik Ayaz was a handsome Turkic-Georgian slave brought by Sultan Mahmud. He was a very close companion of Mahmud; was very devoted to the him and fullfilled his all wishes.

The relationship between Mahmud and Ayaz is highly celebrated in Persian poetry and literature.There are a set of 6 poems by Farid al-Din Attar that are inspired by this relationship. Sa'di, a 13th-century poet includes 2 stories about the lovers in his best-known work, Bustan, a collection of reflections on human nature. The chapter “Concerning Love” describes someone complaining that Mahmud’s favourite slave “possesses no beauty.” Upon hearing this, Mahmud responds, “My love, O sir, is for virtue, not for form or stature.” The second story depicts the king travelling with some of his men when an overturned chest of pearls is discovered; all except Ayaz go after the pearls. Questioned by Mahmud about the possibility of gaining riches, Ayaz explains he wants nothing. “I walked in haste behind thee, I do not occupy myself with riches away from thy service.” Nidhami-I-Arudi, a 12th-century Ghaznavid court poet describes the well-known and famous love of Sultan Mahmud for Ayaz, though he explains that Mahmud, being a “pious and God-fearing man,” wrestled with this love. One night after drinking a lot of wine, Mahmud couldn’t ignore Ayaz’s beauty: “Thereupon love plucked the reins of self-restraint from the hands of his endurance, and lover-like he drew him to himself.”

Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad (Babar)

Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad commonly known as Babar or Babur. Babar was the founder of the Mughal Empire. He was a Bisexual & was also the first queer ruler in Mughal Dynasty. Babur's religious and philosophical stances are characterized as humanistic. Babur was an acclaimed writer, who had a profound love for literature. His library was one of his most beloved possessions that he always carried around with him, & books were one of the treasures he searched for in new conquered lands. During his 47-year life, Babur left a rich literary and scientific heritage. He authored his famous memoir the Bāburnāma, as well as beautiful lyrical works or ghazals, treatises on Muslim jurisprudence (Mubayyin), poetics (Aruz risolasi), music, and a special calligraphy, known as khatt-i Baburi.

He married multiple times but had little attraction towards women. Babur had an affair with his male slave named Baburi Andijani (also known as Baburi). Babur rescued him from the Uzbek camp market in 1499. Babur mentioned his lover's name several times in the "Babarnama" and expressed his feelings towards Baburi without fear. Babur even wrote several Persian romantic poems about same gender love. It is also claimed that Babur built Babri Masjid as a token of love for Baburi Andijani (well, I am not pretty sure)

Maryam Khatoon Molkara

Maryam Khatoon Molkara was a well-known transgender rights campaigner, broadcaster & volunteer in Iran, where she is widely recognized as a matriarch of trans communities. Maryam was later instrumental in obtaining a letter which acted as a fatwa enabling sex reassignment surgery to exist as part of a legal framework. After the Islamic Revolution, Maryam faced intense backlash due to her gender identity. She underwent arrests, and death threats. She was fired from her job at the Iranian National Radio and Television, forced to wear masculine clothing, injected with male hormones against her will, and detained in a psychiatric institution. Later she was released by the help of religious leaders.She also fought for legal recognition of trans people in Iran.

In 2007, she founded the Iranian Society to Support Individuals with Gender Identity Disorder (Persian: حمایت از بیماران مبتلا به اختلالات هویت جنسی ایران) the first state-approved organization for transgender rights in Iran. Before this, she used her own property in Karaj to help other transgender people receive legal advice and medical care, including post-operative care. She continued advocating for other transgender people and bailing them out of prison after they were arrested, even knowing she would likely face violence for doing so.

Sally Mursi

Sally Mursi was an Egyptian transsexual entertainer.She was most controversial figure in Egypt for her sex reassignment surgery.Sally was born in a religious muslim family.Sally was a student of Al-Azhar, which is renowned as one of the world's most prestigious universities for Islamic learning. She completed her sex reassignment surgery in 1988. When Al-Azhar's Medical School for Boys came to know about her sex-change operation, they refused to accept her as their student.

She was also accused of trying to get out of military service and was ordered to report for induction into the army. Army doctors examined her, and finding that she was a woman, concluded that Sally was not medically fit for military service.Sally was refused a transfer to Al-Azhar’s Medical School for Girls. So she filed a case against Al-Azhar Medical School later which stirred a nationwide controversy. Despite going through many problems, she didn't stop her fight for her rights.

At that time Mohammed Sayyed Tantawi, Grand Mufti of Al-Azhar, issued a fatwa that Sally's change was necessary for her health but that before the operation she should for one year dress, behave and comply with all obligations of Islam for women (except for marital obligations).This fatwa was the first Sunni ruling on sex reaffirmation surgery. Eventually Sally won 2 legal rulings against the Al-Azhar school, but it ignored them, and also blacklisted her at other medical schools.So she completed her education from Cairo University on literature.Sally also legally married with a man in Egypt. But still transsexuals like sally faced discrimination & harassment in Egypt.

Bülent Ersoy

Bülent Ersoy is a popular transsexual singer and actress of Turkey. Often nicknamed Diva by her fans. Ersoy's some of the famous hits are "Ümit Hırsızı", "Geceler", "Beddua" , "Maazallah", "Biz Ayrılamayız" and "Sefam olsun". Ersoy Ersoy began her career as a male singer, in the genre of Turkish classical music.Her grandparents played classical Turkish music and she first took private lessons and then studied at Istanbul Municipal Conservatory. Already one of Turkey's most popular singers and actors, she gained international notoriety in April 1981 after having sex reassignment surgery in London by a British plastic surgeon. She kept the name "Bülent" even though it is a typically masculine name. After the operation, Ersoy found herself in opposition to 1980 Turkish coup d'état of Kenan Evren. In a crackdown on "social deviance," Ersoy's public performances were banned along with those of other transgender people. To circumvent the ban, she petitioned the Turkish courts to legally recognize her as a woman.The petition was rejected in January 1982. Days later, she attempted suicide. In 1983, she left Turkey in protest of the Evren regime's repressive policies and continued her career in Germany. Along with her musical career, she made several Turkish movies in Germany.Later Ersoy came back to turkey when Evren left office and many of his policies were rescinded.

[al-nuaim]

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[thepastisalreadywritten]

The earliest and most complete Hebrew Bible ever discovered – a “vital touchstone of human history” that dates back more than 1,100 years – is to be sold at auction.

The ninth-century volume, referred to as the Codex Sassoon, is a critical link between the Dead Sea scrolls and the Bible of today.

It is being offered by Sotheby’s with an estimate of $30m-$50m (£25m-£42m), making it the most valuable historical document or manuscript to appear at auction.

Composed of 24 books divided into three parts – the Pentateuch, the Prophets and the Writings – the Hebrew Bible is the foundation of Judaism and other Abrahamic faiths.

In Christianity, the texts are referred to as the Old Testament and are incorporated into the biblical canon.

Islam also holds the stories of the Hebrew Bible in special regard, with many of them included in the Qur’an and other significant works of Islamic literature.

“The Hebrew Bible is the sacred, foundational text for peoples across the globe,” said Sharon Mintz, Sotheby’s senior Judaica specialist.

“For thousands of years, the faithful have closely studied, analysed, mediated on, and delved into the holy scriptures – it is the first book of the people of the Book – to acquire wisdom and attain spiritual enlightenment."

“In Codex Sassoon, a monumental transformation in the history of the Hebrew Bible is revealed, bringing to light the full story of the Hebrew Bible that had previously never been presented in book form.

[It] marks a critical turning point in how we perceive the history of the divine word across thousands of years and is a transformative witness to how the Hebrew Bible has influenced the pillars of civilisation – art, culture, law, politics – for centuries.”

Before the first codices (manuscripts in book form) of the Hebrew Bible, there existed only portions or sections of biblical texts in scroll form.

Known as the Dead Sea scrolls, they date to the third century BC – but they were copied without punctuation or vocalisation and contained no verses or chapters.

This meant the correct reading of the scrolls was not easily apparent; instead Jews in antiquity relied on inherited oral traditions to understand, preserve and transmit the words of the Hebrew Bible.

The Codex Sassoon is named after its prominent modern owner, David Solomon Sassoon (1880-1942), who assembled the most significant private collection of Jewish artefacts and Hebrew manuscripts in the world.

It comes to auction from the collection of Jacqui Safra and will be sold in New York this May.

The record for the most valuable historical text and manuscript sold at auction is held by the first printing of the US constitution, which sold for $43m in November 2021.

While Codex Sassoon has been recognised for its importance by scholars for generations, it has remained virtually out of public view for centuries and will be exhibited for the first time in 40 years next week at Sotheby’s London before a worldwide tour.

The manuscript also includes annotations from several owners throughout the centuries, including an entry dating to the early 11th century referencing a sale by Khalaf ben Abraham, assumed to be a near eastern businessman active in Palestine and Syria, to Isaac ben Ezekiel al-Attar.

In the 13th century or later, the codex was dedicated to the synagogue of Makisin (present-day Markada in north-east Syria).

When the town of Makisin was destroyed, perhaps by the Mongols in the 13th century or by Tamerlane’s troops in 1400, the codex was entrusted to the care of a community member, Salama bin Abi al-Fakhr.

Sassoon ultimately acquired the codex in 1929.

Richard Austin, Sotheby’s global head of books and manuscripts, said Codex Sassoon was “undeniably one of the most important and singular texts in human history.”

This article was amended on 16 February 2023.

The operating area of a presumed 11th century businessman was earlier given as Israel and Syria. Israel (created in 1948) has been changed to Palestine.

[dnn24]

The Legacy of Aligarh Attar House Fragrances in Srinagar: Preserving the Tradition of Perfume Making

In Srinagar, Aligarh Attar House Fragrances showcases the timeless art of perfume making while upholding a legacy of tradition and exceptional scents.

Perfume-making is an ancient art that has been cherished for centuries In picturesque Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, Aligarh Attar House Fragrances preserves this tradition. Led by owner Abdul Vasi, the renowned shop creates exquisite fragrances that embody nature’s essence. This article explores the unique qualities of Vasi’s shop and the exceptional nature of his perfumes.

The Enchanting World of Aligarh Attar House Fragrances

A Rich Heritage Passed Down Through Generations

Abdul Vasi’s ancestors, hailing from the renowned city of Aligarh, initially brought the art of perfume making to Srinagar, bestowing his perfume shop with a rich heritage passed down through generations. Over the years, this family business has evolved, adapting to modern techniques while preserving the traditional methods of perfume-making.

The Art of Capturing Nature’s Essence

What sets Aligarh Attar House Fragrances apart is their dedication to using natural ingredients sourced from the picturesque valleys of Jammu and Kashmir.The perfumers carefully handpick flowers like roses, jasmine, and lavender, ensuring the highest quality and purity. They then proceed to distill these delicate blossoms, extracting their essential oils and capturing the true essence of their fragrance.

Meticulous Craftsmanship and Attention to Detail

The process of crafting each perfume at Aligarh Attar House Fragrances entails meticulous attention to detail, requiring expertise and precision. Under the guidance of Abdul Vasi and his skilled artisans, extracted essential oils are carefully blended, ensuring the creation of captivating scents. The perfumes undergo a designated aging period, allowing the various notes to harmonize and culminate in well-balanced and enduring fragrances.

What Makes The Fragrances Unique?

The Exclusivity of Handcrafted Scents

Unlike mass-produced perfumes, Aligarh Attar House Fragrances offer a unique and exclusive experience. Each perfume is handcrafted in small batches, ensuring that every bottle carries the essence of a labour of love. This exclusivity adds to the allure and appeal of these fragrances, making them cherished possessions for perfume enthusiasts.

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Indian Attar Wholesale Supplier: Discover Quality Scents with Meena Perfumery

When it comes to the timeless allure of Indian attars, Meena Perfumery stands out as a trusted Indian attar wholesale supplier. Known for its commitment to quality and authenticity, Meena Perfumery offers a vast collection of traditional and modern scents that appeal to a global market. Whether you're a retailer, distributor, or simply a fragrance enthusiast, sourcing attars from a reliable supplier is essential to ensuring you get the best products for your customers or personal use.

The Essence of Indian Attars

Attars are traditional, alcohol-free perfumes made from natural ingredients such as flowers, herbs, spices, and fruits. These highly concentrated oils are distilled using ancient techniques, often over the course of several days, to create a fragrance that is rich, pure, and long-lasting. Indian attars are deeply ingrained in the culture and heritage of the Indian subcontinent, known for their ability to evoke emotional connections and offer a unique sensory experience.

Meena Perfumery, as an Indian attar wholesale supplier, offers an extensive range of these luxurious fragrances. From the sweet and floral notes of Rose and Jasmine attars to the earthy richness of Oud, every product is carefully crafted to provide an authentic experience for customers worldwide. Their wide selection ensures that retailers can offer diverse options to meet the varied preferences of fragrance lovers.

Why Choose Meena Perfumery as Your Wholesale Supplier?

When selecting an Indian attar wholesale supplier, quality and authenticity should always be a top priority. Meena Perfumery is renowned for providing premium, handcrafted attars that meet global standards. With years of experience in the industry, they have established a reputation for sourcing the finest raw materials and using age-old distillation techniques to preserve the purity and essence of each fragrance.

Meena Perfumery’s commitment to quality extends beyond the final product. Each bottle of attar undergoes rigorous testing and quality checks to ensure it meets the highest standards of purity and strength. This dedication to excellence makes them a preferred supplier for businesses looking to offer premium, natural fragrances to their customers.

Additionally, Meena Perfumery understands the demands of wholesale clients. Their flexible ordering system, competitive pricing, and ability to fulfill large orders make them an ideal partner for businesses looking to stock up on authentic Indian attars. Whether you're just starting your fragrance business or looking to expand your existing inventory, Meena Perfumery offers reliable service and timely deliveries to meet your needs.

Sustainability and Ethical Practices in Attar Production

In an age where sustainability and ethical sourcing are increasingly important, Meena Perfumery is proud to adhere to responsible production practices. The company works closely with local farmers and suppliers, ensuring that all raw materials are sustainably sourced. They prioritize eco-friendly methods of distillation and packaging, minimizing environmental impact while delivering premium products to their customers.

As a trusted Indian attar wholesale supplier, Meena Perfumery is dedicated to preserving the tradition of attar-making while fostering sustainable practices. Their ethical approach to business not only benefits the environment but also supports the communities involved in the production of these beautiful fragrances.

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Online Treasure of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Online Treasure of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Introduction

Understanding the Essence of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Define Sufi Poetry

Define Sant Vani

Importance and relevance in modern times

Sufi/Sant Poetry: A Rich Heritage

Historical Background

Origins of Sufi Poetry

Development of Sant Vani

Famous Sufi Poets and Their Contributions

Bulleh Shah

Rumi

Amir Khusro

Renowned Sant Poets and Their Works

Kabir

Tulsidas

Guru Nanak

Sant Vani: The Spiritual Songs

Definition and Importance of Sant Vani

Connection with spirituality and daily life

Prominent Themes in Sant Vani

Love

Devotion

Humanity

Notable Compositions in Sant Vani

Kabir's Dohas

Guru Nanak's Bani

Tulsidas' Ramcharitmanas

Sufi Qawwalis: The Soulful Melodies

Origins and Evolution of Qawwali

Historical context and cultural significance

Famous Qawwals and Their Contributions

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

Sabri Brothers

Abida Parveen

Impact of Qawwalis on Society

Influence on music and cinema

Role in spiritual gatherings

Sufi Kalam: The Divine Verses

Meaning and Importance of Sufi Kalam

Spiritual and philosophical insights

Key Figures in Sufi Kalam

Rumi

Hafez

Shah Hussain

Popular Sufi Kalam Collections

Mathnawi by Rumi

Diwan-e-Hafiz

Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah

E-Books: Accessing the Treasure

Availability of Sufi and Sant Poetry E-Books

Benefits of digital access

Top Online Platforms for Sufi and Sant E-Books

Sufinama

RekhtaBooks

Project Gutenberg

Recommended E-Books for Sufi and Sant Poetry

"The Essential Rumi" by Coleman Barks

"Songs of Kabir" by Rabindranath Tagore

"The Conference of the Birds" by Attar of Nishapur

Conclusion

The Continuing Relevance of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Modern interpretations and adaptations

Influence on contemporary literature and art

Exploring Further

How to engage with and study Sufi and Sant poetry

Online resources and communities

Example Content Sections:

Understanding the Essence of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Sufi and Sant poetry are two deeply spiritual and philosophical traditions that have enriched the cultural and literary heritage of South Asia and beyond. Sufi poetry, often associated with mysticism and the quest for divine love, is known for its profound depth and emotional resonance. Sant Vani, on the other hand, comprises the devotional songs of the Sant tradition, emphasizing ethical living, devotion to God, and social equality.

These poetic forms have not only provided spiritual solace to millions but have also acted as a medium for social reform, challenging rigid societal norms and advocating for a more inclusive and compassionate worldview.

Famous Sufi Poets and Their Contributions

Bulleh Shah Bulleh Shah is one of the most celebrated Sufi poets whose verses transcend the boundaries of time and culture. His poetry, written in Punjabi, is a testament to his profound spiritual journey and his quest for unity with the Divine. Bulleh Shah’s works, such as "Bulleya Ki Jaana Main Kaun," are timeless classics that continue to inspire and resonate with readers around the world.

Rumi Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, more commonly known as Rumi, is perhaps the most famous Sufi poet in the world. His works, written in Persian, have been translated into numerous languages and are widely read across the globe. Rumi’s poetry, encapsulated in his magnum opus "Masnavi," explores themes of divine love, the soul’s journey towards God, and the nature of existence.

Amir Khusro Amir Khusro, a prolific Persian poet and a disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya, made significant contributions to Sufi literature and music. He is often credited with the invention of several musical instruments and the development of new genres of poetry. His ghazals and qawwalis are integral to the Sufi musical tradition and continue to be performed with great reverence.

Prominent Themes in Sant Vani

Sant Vani, the poetic expressions of the Bhakti saints, often revolve around themes of love, devotion, and social justice. The Bhakti movement, which gave rise to Sant Vani, sought to transcend the barriers of caste and creed, promoting a direct and personal relationship with the Divine.

Love and Devotion The Bhakti saints, such as Kabir and Guru Nanak, emphasized the importance of love and devotion in their teachings. Kabir’s dohas (couplets) are renowned for their simplicity and profound wisdom, urging individuals to seek the Divine within themselves and to practice love and compassion in their daily lives.

Humanity and Social Equality The Bhakti poets often used their verses to challenge societal norms and advocate for social justice. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, composed hymns that spoke against the caste system and gender discrimination, promoting the ideals of equality and universal brotherhood.

Famous Qawwals and Their Contributions

Qawwali, a form of Sufi devotional music, has a rich history and a profound impact on South Asian culture. This genre, characterized by its repetitive and hypnotic melodies, is designed to induce a state of spiritual ecstasy and divine connection.

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan is often hailed as the greatest qawwal of all time. His powerful voice and emotive renditions of Sufi poetry have captivated audiences worldwide. His contributions to qawwali music have not only preserved this ancient tradition but also brought it to the global stage, influencing musicians across various genres.

Sabri Brothers The Sabri Brothers, a legendary qawwali group from Pakistan, are known for their dynamic performances and soulful renditions of Sufi poetry. Their qawwalis, such as "Bhar Do Jholi Meri" and "Tajdar-e-Haram," are celebrated for their spiritual fervor and emotional depth.

Abida Parveen Abida Parveen, one of the most iconic female Sufi singers, has made significant contributions to the world of Sufi music. Her powerful and evocative voice has brought the poetry of Sufi saints to life, making her one of the most revered figures in the genre.

Recommended E-Books for Sufi and Sant Poetry

For those looking to delve deeper into the rich traditions of Sufi and Sant poetry, numerous e-books are available online. These digital collections provide a convenient way to explore the profound wisdom and spiritual insights of the Sufi and Bhakti poets.

"The Essential Rumi" by Coleman Barks This renowned translation of Rumi’s poetry by Coleman Barks captures the essence of Rumi’s mystical and spiritual insights. The book includes some of Rumi’s most famous poems, making it an essential read for anyone interested in Sufi literature.

"Songs of Kabir" by Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore’s translation of Kabir’s dohas brings the profound wisdom of this Bhakti saint to a global audience. The book offers a selection of Kabir’s most insightful and thought-provoking verses, providing a glimpse into his spiritual teachings.

"The Conference of the Birds" by Attar of Nishapur This classic Persian poem, written by the Sufi poet Attar of Nishapur, is an allegorical journey of the soul towards enlightenment. The book, available in various translations, is a profound exploration of Sufi philosophy and spiritual quest.

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Discovering the Best Attar in India A Blend of Tradition and Luxury

India has long been celebrated for its rich tradition of attars—natural, alcohol-free perfumes that encapsulate the essence of flowers, spices, and herbs. From ancient palaces to modern fragrance connoisseurs, attars have remained an integral part of India’s cultural heritage. In this blog, we’ll explore the best attar in India and how they cater to men and women seeking unique, luxurious scents.

Why Choose Attars Over Modern Perfumes?

Attars are not just fragrances; they are an experience. Unlike alcohol-based perfumes, attars are oil-based, making them longer-lasting and skin-friendly. Crafted through age-old distillation processes, they capture the pure essence of nature, offering a sensory journey that no synthetic perfume can replicate.

The Best Attar for Men

For men attars with woody, musky, or spicy notes often take the lead. Scents like Oudh, Musk Amber, and Sandalwood are classic choices. Oudh, in particular, is revered as a symbol of sophistication and strength. It exudes a bold yet refined aroma, perfect for making a statement. Sandalwood attar, on the other hand, offers a subtle warmth, making it an excellent choice for daily wear.

The Best Attar for Women

Women seeking attars often gravitate towards floral, fruity, or sweet fragrances. Jasmine, rose, and mogra attars are perennial favorites for their delicate, feminine appeal. Rose attar, with its romantic and enchanting aroma, is perfect for evening occasions. Jasmine, on the other hand, is a timeless scent that radiates charm and grace.

Where to Find the Best Attar in India?

When searching for the best attar in India, authenticity is key. Look for trusted brands that use natural ingredients and traditional methods. Buying from renowned markets or online platforms that specialize in authentic attars ensures you’re investing in quality.

Conclusion

Whether you’re a fragrance enthusiast or a first-time buyer, attars offer an unparalleled olfactory experience. From the best attar for men to the best attar for women, India’s attars cater to every personality and occasion. Step into the world of attars and discover a piece of India’s aromatic heritage.

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Discover the Best Attars and Perfumes for Men and Women

When it comes to making a lasting impression, nothing speaks louder than a signature scent. Whether you’re searching for the best attar for women, the best attar for men, or the ultimate best perfume for women and best perfume for men, finding the right fragrance can elevate your style and mood.

In this guide, we’ll explore the top best attar perfumes for men and women, perfect for any occasion. Whether you prefer floral, musky, or spicy notes, there's a perfect fragrance waiting for you.

Best Attar for Women: Timeless Elegance in a Bottle

Attars are known for their natural, alcohol-free compositions, making them a popular choice for women who love delicate yet long-lasting scents.

Rose Attar: A classic choice, offering a sweet and romantic fragrance.

Jasmine Attar: Perfect for women who appreciate a fresh and floral aroma.

Sandalwood Attar: This woody, creamy scent adds a touch of sophistication.

When choosing the best attire for women, consider your personality and the occasion. Light floral notes work wonderfully for daytime, while deeper, more exotic blends are perfect for evenings.

Best Attar for Men: Masculine and Memorable

For men, attars offer a rich and lasting scent profile that’s perfect for making a bold statement.

Oud Attar: Known as liquid gold, Oud is a favorite among men for its deep, woody, and luxurious aroma.

Amber Attar: A warm and spicy fragrance that exudes confidence and charm.

Musk Attar: Ideal for men who prefer a clean, earthy, and masculine scent.

The best attire for men is one that aligns with your style and amplifies your presence, whether it’s for a business meeting or a romantic evening.

Best Perfume for Women: A Blend of Modern Sophistication

When it comes to perfumes, women have a world of choices that blend natural and synthetic notes to create captivating scents.

Floral Perfumes: Think peony, rose, and lavender for a fresh, feminine touch.

Citrus Perfume: Perfect for those who prefer a zesty, energetic scent.

Oriental Perfumes: Featuring spicy and warm notes, these perfumes are perfect for evening wear.

The best perfume for women not only smells amazing but also complements her personality and mood.

Best Perfume for Men: The Ultimate Power Statement

Men’s perfumes are designed to evoke confidence and charisma. Some of the most popular categories include:

Woody Perfumes: Rich in sandalwood, cedar, or vetiver for a grounded and classic scent.

Spicy Perfumes: With notes of pepper, cinnamon, or cardamom, these are perfect for men who want to stand out.

Fresh aquatic perfumes: ideal for a clean, refreshing scent that works well for everyday wear.

Choosing the best perfume for men involves finding a scent that reflects your energy, whether it’s bold and daring or subtle and refined.

Best Attar Perfume for Men and Women: The Perfect Hybrid

If you’re torn between attars and perfumes, the best attar perfume for men or women offers the best of both worlds. Combining the concentrated essence of attars with the modern allure of perfumes, these fragrances provide a long-lasting and captivating scent experience.

For women, attar perfumes often feature floral or fruity notes, while for men, woody and spicy compositions dominate. Look for blends with ingredients like rose, oud, musk, or amber to enjoy the best attar perfume tailored to your taste.

Conclusion

Whether you’re seeking the best attar for women, the best attar for men, or exploring the realm of perfumes, finding the right fragrance can transform your style and confidence. Dive into the world of exquisite scents and discover the best attar perfume for men and women to elevate your everyday moments into something extraordinary.