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the-archlich · 4 years ago

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I have opinions.

If we’re all being honest, there’s virtually no chance that the next Dynasty Warriors game will actually include anything after the fall of Shu (Zhong Hui’s revolt being a bit of an exception.) Since the story is often framed as the plucky heroes of Shu fighting the evil armies of Wei, most fiction doesn’t really care about the outcome after Shu has been defeated. But this war had another 15 years in the tank. What would that look like, and how might it be adapted for a DW style game?

As always, I have opinions.

You can read my articles about the conflict between Jin and Wu on my other blog. I planned to write more, but then the ZZTJ translations went on lockdown so we’ll stop with Wu’s end.

The Two Emperors: https://classicalamateur.wordpress.com/2019/11/09/the-two-emperors/

The War Against the North: https://classicalamateur.wordpress.com/2019/11/24/war-against-the-north/

The End of the Era: https://classicalamateur.wordpress.com/2020/02/08/end-of-the-era/

BATTLES

These are the major battles between Wu and Jin (and certain rebels), the ones that would be needed to finish the story of the era.

The Siege of Yong’an (264)

By spring of 264, Wei conquered Shu and Zhong Hui’s rebellion had been put down. The Sima had no more opposition within Wei, but Wu was still a danger. The Wu emperor Sun Xiu knew that if Wei (later Jin) controlled all of Shu, Wu’s chances of survival grew dramatically slimmer. So he sent an army under Bu Xie (later reinforced by Lu Kang) to capture whatever he could in Shu.

Yong’an controlled the passage between Jing and Yi. Although most of the military was led away from the city during Shu’s downfall, a small garrison remained under the command of a minor local officer named Luo Xian. Having just sworn loyalty to Wei he refused to let the Wu army pass. For six months he held off Bu Xie and Lu Kang. Eventually, Hu Lie led a flanking attack against Xiling (Bu Xie’s headquarters), which forced the Wu army to retreat. With the victory at Yong’an, Wei’s control over all of Shu was secured.

Over the next few months, things changed dramatically in Wei and Wu. Sun Xiu passed away and, after some complex maneuvers, was replaced by Sun Hao as the new emperor. Sima Zhao passed away, leaving Sima Yan in charge of Wei. He soon dethroned Cao Huan and officially founded the Jin dynasty. For a short time, Sun Hao and Sima Yan made peace with each other, exchanging envoys and making diplomatic overtures.

The Battle of Niutun (266)

While Sun Hao was initially popular with his ministers, this popularity faded quickly due to his cruelty, superstition, and other undesirable traits. In winter of 266, a mountain bandit named Shi Dan kidnapped Sun Hao’s brother Sun Qian and marched on Jianye, intending to enthrone Sun Qian as the new emperor. At the time, Sun Hao had relocated the capital to Wuchang and left Zhuge Ding and Ding Gu in charge of Jianye. These two intercepted Shi Dan at Niutun, where they defeated him. This was a minor rebellion but an excellent way to introduce Zhuge Jing and show resentment building against Sun Hao.

Sun Hao’s Campaign (268)

Although Sun Hao and Sima Yan conducted diplomatic relations with each other, this peace broke apart in winter of 268, when Sun Hao launched a large invasion of Jin. He sent Shi Ji (son of Zhu Ran) to attack Jiangxia (likely the city of Shiyang) while Chancellor of the Righ Wan Yu marched on Xiangyang. Meanwhile, Ding Feng was sent to besiege Hefei while Sun Hao personally led an army against Shouchun. Sima Wang was sent to reinforce Hu Lie in Jing while Shi Bao commanded the defenses in Yang along with Sima Jun.

Sima Wang and Hu Lie defeated Wan Yu easily enough, forcing Shi Ji’s retreat as well. Ding Feng met with no success at Hefei and conducted relatively peaceful negotiations with Shi Bao to arrange a border instead. Having won in Jing, Sima Wang then marched east to intercept Sun Hao, who was quickly forced to retreat.

This was a significant campaign. It was broad in scope and was the last significant offensive Wu ever initiated.

The Jiao War (268-271)

During this time, a second war raged in the far south. This conflict began in 264, when Wu’s executor of Jianzhi was killed by a subordinate who defected to Wei. The neighboring commanderies of Jiuzhen and Ji’nan also submitted to Wei. Sima Zhao appointed the former Shu official Huo Yi over these territories. Shortly after this Sima Yan and Sun Hao made peace, so Jin (at the time Wei) temporarily held these territories. But when peace broke down, war over the southern regions resumed.

Initially the campaign went poorly for Wu. The commander of Wu’s southern armies, Xiu Ze, was unsuccessful in his attempts to retake the lost territories and was killed in battle at Gucheng late in 268. Jin was able to expand its sphere of control, claiming Yulin as well as a foothold in Hepu. Additional armies were sent under one Xue Xu to reestablish control throughout 269 and 270 but these efforts met with no success.

This changed in 271 when Xue Xu’s subordinate Tao Huang defeated and killed Jin’s commander in Jiuzhen. He then defeated Jin’s largest army in Jiaozhi (probably at Longbian). On the back of this momentum, Tao Huang quickly overcome the remaining Jin forces and secured the submission of local leaders, bringing the south once again under Wu’s control.

The Tufa Rebellion (270)

In 269, Sim Yan created Qin province in the northwest and appointed Hu Lie as its inspector. In 270, a Xianbei leader named Tufa Shujineng led a rebellion against Jin in the province. At the time, all of the northwest was under the command of Sima Liang, an uncle of Sima Yan. He sent Hu Lie to defeat the rebels and ordered a subordinate named Liu Qi to advance as well. However Liu Qi refused to advance, leaving Hu Lie isolated. He was subsequently killed in battle with Shujineng.

Sima Liang was blamed for this failure and stripped of office. Du Yu was appointed as the new inspector to replace Hu Lie but ran into conflict with Sima Liang’s replacement. He was accused of false charges and sent to the capital for trial; meanwhile Sima Liang’s replacement attacked the Tufa and was defeated. Sima Jun replaced him.

The rebellion spread in the next year. The tribes in Beidi (Liang province) joined the Tufa rebellion. The local inspector led an army against them but was defeated and killed at Mount Qing. Meanwhile, a large group of Xiongnu revolted as well, under the leadership of one Liu Meng. He was less successful than the Tufa and suffered a loss in Bing province in winter of 271. In spring of the next year, he was defeated again, this time by Hu Fen - Hu Lie’s brother. One of Liu Meng’s subordinates assassinated him and surrendered. Although the Xianbei remained in revolt, the Xiongnu were temporarily suppressed.

The Battle of Xiling (272)

In autumn of 272, internal conflict in Wu led to one of the last major battles of the period. Bu Chan, who controlled Xiling, defected to Jin. Yang Hu led Jin’s armies to assist him, while Lu Kang commanded Wu’s counter-attack.

Lu Kang quickly moved to surround Bu Chan at his main fortress, but he didn’t lay siege immediately. Instead he built fortifications of his own and prepared to repel the Jin troops. Meanwhile Yang Hu advanced on Jiangling, hoping to force Lu Kang to withdraw to defend it. Lu Kang destroyed a nearby dam to flood the area, slowing Yang Hu’s advance. Meanwhile, Jin’s main force arrived at Xiling but Lu Kang was able to drive them away. Lu Kang was then able to besiege Xiling at will, and he took it quickly. Yang Hu was unable to overcome Jiangling and, with Bu Chan killed and Xiling in Lu Kang’s hands, he retreated.

This was a major victory for Wu, especially when coupled with their success in Jiao and Jin’s losses in the northwest. This was a bleak time for Jin, when it seemed like they suffered losses everywhere despite the strength of their state. However, matters would ultimately turn in their favor. The next several years saw deep political divides in both states, resulting in numerous deaths. However, these events don’t work well in a DW style game and are best discussed elsewhere.

The Battle of Wuwei (276-278)

In 276, Sima Jun was given expanded authority over the northwest to deal with the Tufa revolt. He was assisted by Wen Chu, son of Wen Qin. In 277 they led a series of skirmishes against the Xianbei rebels, earning Jin’s first victories over the Tufa. In 278, however, the Inspector of Liang province led soldiers of his own against the rebels but failed. The local tribes of his army rejected his authority, and he was killed by Tufa Shujineng’s forces in battle at Wuwei. So despite the victories earned by Sima Jun and Wen Chu, the rebellion continued. Tufa Shujineng began plundering Liang, with no one seemingly able to stop him.

In 279, a commander of the palace guards named Ma Long was sent to Liang to do battle with the Tufa. He fought a series of skirmishes against the Xianbei as he marched across Liang, with his superior weaponry generally proving victorious. Ma Long eventually fought his way to Wuwei, where he and Tufa Shujineng fought a climactic final battle. Ma Long was victorious and Shujing was executed. So the rebellion that terrorized the northwest for a decade finally came to an end.

The Fall of Wu (279-280)

In winter of 279, Sima Yan ordered Jin’s armies to conquer Wu. This was a massive campaign best broken into two different phases. First, Jin’s armies secured control over Jing province. This consisted of several armies led by Hu Fen, Du Yu, and one Wang Rong attacking key points in Jing, including Xiakou, Jiangling, and Wuchang. Meanwhile, a man named Wang Jun (who gained fame after defeating a minor rebellion in Yi province) led a large naval force down the Great River, smashing through Wu’s defenses. Many of Wu’s soldiers defected to Jin, and the local commanders were quickly defeated. Only a general named Wu Yan (who gained fame during the battle of Xiling) held out.

In the east, Jin’s armies were led by Sima Zhou and a general named Wang Hun. Sun Hao organized an army under Chancellor Zhang Ti, and the most prominent commander of this force was Zhuge Jing (who defeated the rebels around Jianye in 266 and fought at Hefei with Ding Feng in 268). Despite some initial success, they were defeated by Wang Hun’s subordinate Zhou Jun near Banqiao. Zhang Ti was killed in battle, while Zhuge Jing was able to fight his way free. As Jin’s forces continued to advance on Jianye, Sun Hao sent several more armies against them, but these commanders and soldiers quickly deserted. In the end, Wang Jun sailed into Jianye and Sun Hao surrendered, bringing an end to Wu and reuniting the land.

These eight battles describe the most important campaigns between 264 and 280, the lost years of the story. (Though you could probably get by without Niutun if need be.) While it misses the internal politics that devastated the courts of both states, that sort of thing doesn’t really work very well in Dynasty Warriors anyway.

CHARACTERS

Obviously there are ton of people I’d like to include, but I’m going to focus in on the ones who are a.) absolutely vital to this part of the story and b.) aren’t one-hit wonders (like Ma Long). Those who were important outside of this specific era get precedence.

Jin

Some of the existing Jin characters would still be around for parts of this narrative. Jia Chong and Wen Chu would be present throughout the whole thing, while Wang Yuanji and Sima Zhao would be around for some of the early parts.

Hu Lie. A hero of many battles, particularly prominent during the fighting at Shouchun and the conquest of Shu, as well as several major battles depicted here. It’s frankly strange that he isn’t included already.

Hu Fen. As above, Hu Fen served with distinction in several key battles: In Liaodong, at Didao, at Shouchun, against Liu Meng, and in the conquest of Wu. Again, it’s strange that he’s not already part of the cast.

Du Yu. An in-law of the Sima family, Du Yu was a major court figure. He was also a participant in Shu’s conquest, the fighting against the Tufa, and a primary commander in the conquest of Wu.

Sima Jun. He became an imperial attendant as a child (because he was close in age to Cao Fang) and later held several substantial positions in his family’s regime. He appears to have fought at Lake Chao and against Guanqiu Jian. He definitely fought against Sun Hao in 268 and several campaigns against the Tufa in the northwest.

Sima Wang. A major figure of the family. He held a series of minor appointments in his younger years and probably participated in his family’s operations against Cao Shuang and Guanqiu Jian. He was later transferred to the northwest, where he fought witn Jiang Wei. He helped repel Sun Hao in 268 and passed away not long after that.

Of the current cast, only Ding Feng would be around for any of this. And while I can’t begin to list every Wu character I’d want to add, the ones most important for this tale would be as follows.

Lu Kang. One of Wu’s last successful commanders. He served with distinction in several battles, especially at Shouchun. He was a major figure in all of Wu’s wars and politics during this last era, and his connection to existing characters like Lu Xun makes him an easy choice. (Plus, one time in ROT3K VIII he and I fought the whole world together and won. That’s my boy.)

Zhuge Jing. In some ways the lone survivor. Son of Zhuge Dan, he was a significant general in Wu, fighting in most of their important conflicts at the end.

Bu Chan. It’s a little hard to pin down his exact career, but we can assume he was involved in all the fighting in Jing. His defection triggered a conflict that was too significant to ignore.

Wu Yan. A hero at Xiling and one of the last Wu commanders left standing. The Wu narrative needs someone like him to help bring it to a close.

Tao Huang. The conqueror of the south. Although he doesn’t have much relevance outside of that, this is Dynasty Warriors so it’s easy enough to justify him in battles in the north before that, and to have him show up in the final campaign. Another survivor of Wu’s end; with Zhuge Jing and Wu Yan he gives the faction enough people to finish the tale.

There are tons of others I could mention but these are the ones I consider the strongest and most important candidates. With these characters and these battles, you can tell the final chapter of the story and actually bring it to a close in a way that makes sense.

#dynasty warriors

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justtronic · 2 years ago

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Chen jing ke

CHEN JING KE LICENSE

If you do not agree to these terms and conditions, do not download, display or use the image. Please credit the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and provide the following copyright notice: "© 2010 The Regents of the University of California, through the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory." Oiai ua phoihoi n poe pau no ke kumu i hoololi koke ai ka hui i n mea nona, aohe mea i nnau no ke aha. Name: / Chen Jing Ke Profession: Actor Birthdate: 1988-Mar-11 (age 34) Birthplace: China Agency: BGTalent Hello Mr. You agree that the image selected by you may be used for noncommercial, educational purposes only no derivative works are allowed, photos of individuals may only be used for identifying the individual and/or their research, and attribution and copyright notice is required. Mokuna 696: Ma hope o ke kamailio ana me Rebekah Hu, ua hele o Stephen Lu i ka hui e hui me Jiao a me n mea pani.

CHEN JING KE LICENSE

Zhao Fei was awarded the 1999 Golden Rooster Award for Best Cinematography.Ĭhen Kaige noted upon the film's premiere at the Cannes Film Festival that he hoped The Emperor and the Assassin would hold relevance to the events of the time, notably the Yugoslav Wars.IMPORTANT – READ CAREFULLY: This End User License Agreement (“Agreement") is a legal agreement between you (in your capacity as an individual and as an agent for your company, institution or other entity) (collectively, "you" or "Licensee") and The Regents of the University of California, Department of Energy contract-operators of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ("Berkeley Lab").ĭownloading, displaying, using, or copying of the image by you or by a third party on your behalf indicates your agreement to be bound by the terms and conditions of the End User License Agreement and that you have read and agree to the Copyright Notice, Disclaimers and Usage Terms. Since then, he has appeared in a handful of television dramas, including Hello Mr. The Emperor and the Assassin won the Technical Grand Prize at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival and was in competition for the Palme d'Or. He was born on March 11, 1997, in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, and made his acting debut in 2020. Huan jing ke xue Huanjing kexue / bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui Huan jing ke xue. He is further saddened when Lady Zhao returns to Qin only to retrieve Jing Ke for burial. in Nanchang, Singles Qualifying M-ITF-CHN-16A, match ended with. Jing KE Chen previous match was against Zhao Z. The attempt fails, but Ying Zheng expresses his fury when his associates make no attempt to stop the assassin and he is forced to kill Jing Ke himself. Statistics are updated at the end of the game. After learning of Ying Zheng's massacre of the children in her home state of Zhao, Lady Zhao desires the assassination in earnest. Despite Jing Ke’s failure, his postmortem glory rivaled that of his purported victim, the First Emperor. And This VIdeo Is Uploaded By List OF Dramas And Movies at. Lady Zhao persuades Jing Ke to perform the assassination. Hellow Guys Welcome to My Blog Website You Are Watching Chen Jing Ke Dramas List. In situ lignocellulosic unlocking mechanism for carbohydrate hydrolysis in termites: crucial lignin modification. Which is actually what all the Denver crew is saying about all their dramas. She says that the show is light, fluffy fun. It’s almost like it’s fate Chen Jing Ke is currently starring in the drama Hello Mr. In the film, Ying Zheng sends his concubine Lady Zhao to the Yan state as a spy to enlist a Yan assassin to attempt to assassinate him, intending to use that as a casus belli to start a war against Yan. Area: 2011, Ke J, Laskar DD, Singh D, Chen S. Chen Jing Ke is an up and coming Chinese actor. The first incident is the climax of the film, with earlier scenes foreshadowing it the other two incidents occur between the fictional genesis and historical manifestation of the first. The story consists of three main incidents: the attempt by Jing Ke to assassinate Ying Zheng in 227 BCE the (fictitious) rumour of a Chief Minister's having sired the latter before transferring his concubine to become the Queen Dowager and the story of an official having sired children by the Queen Dowager herself. However, his experiencing of various betrayals and losses slowly turn him into a mad tyrant. He is essentially depicted as an idealist seeking to impose a peace or unity on the world. The film covers much of Ying Zheng's career, recalling his early experiences as a hostage and foreshadowing his dominance over China.

#Chen jing ke

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bookishnerdlove · 3 years ago

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¿PESPUT? Capítulo 197- La flor de la escuela I

*el titulo se refiere a la chica mas bella o especial de la escuela (por cierto nunca logre ser una) Xue Jiao tuvo un momento de pausa. El gran paraguas negro sobre su cabeza era muy grande y cubría bien a ambas personas por debajo. Los copos de nieve cayeron uno por uno, y la mayor parte del paraguas negro cubrió la cabeza de Xue Jiao lo suficientemente bien como para que ni siquiera viera un…

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acuguy · 5 years ago

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COVID-19 What you Should Know.

By: Emmanuel Arroyo, LAc 3 March 2020 8:22 PM EST

Queens, New York

What is a Coronavirus?

Coronavirus, discovered in 1960,[1] is a positive-sense RNA virus that mainly targets the upper respiratory tract except for SARS which causes upper and lower tract infections and gastroenteritis. A positive-sense RNA is also known as positive-strand RNA virus[2]. The name is given due to its single strand of RNA while positive refers to genetic information carried for replication. Coronavirus causes the common cold, except for SARS and MERS, and now COVID-19.

Coronavirus (CoV) belong to the order of Nidovirales, which includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, and Roniviridae families. CoV is divided into two subfamilies, CoV and the second subfamily Torovirinae. CoV has a cap (let’s call it head) which carries all the information needed for replication, while the tail has all the information related with structure and functions. The tail contains four important structures, S (spike), M (membrane), E (envelope), and N (nucleocapsid) proteins. The S structure is the one that attaches to the host cell receptors. The M structure gives the shape/form. The E structure is important for assembly and release of the virus; some virus need the M structure for pathogenesis. Structure N facilitates binding and affinity to viral or non-viral RNA. Both N and M work synergistically and facilitate replication and diffusion of the virus in the host.[3]

For binding, CoV mainly uses aminopeptidase as receptors except SARS and NL63 that use angiotensin-converting enzyme and MERS uses dipeptidyl-peptidase-4.

The Wuhan-coronavirus is new and is identified as 2019-nCoV, also known as COVID-19. COVID-19 stands for COronaVIrus Disease and is the full blown manifestation of SARS-COV2. SARS-CoV2 is a mutated coronavirus where the S structure attaches to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and it contains two subunits attaching to furin which makes it similar to Ebola, HIV, and avian influenza virus.[4] Furin is a protease found inside a cell and is known as Proprotein Convertase (PC) which develops the synthesis of prohormones, neurotrophic factors, serum proteins, regulation of hair, teeth, sweat glands, embryogenesis, calcium, pH, and interesting enough it also determines how virulent or infectious a bacteria or virus will be. It determines cancer aggressiveness and creates amyloid which are a key of Alzheimer’s.[5] Furin also regulates Insulin Growth Factor in upper respiratory tract and colon.

SARS-CoV2 Spike structure is genetically similar to the Spike structure to a Guangdong pangolin, while its genetic sequence is similar to a bat betacoronavirus of the genus sarbecovirus and is namedRaTG13. SARS-CoV2 has an ancestor which has been labeled Type-S. This ancestor is less aggressive and propagates slower. The aggressive SARS-CoV2 is dubbed Type-L and it is unknown if the Type-S mutation to Type-L occurred in the animal or in the human.

How many human coronaviruses are known?[6],[7]

In the past CoV was classified according to the immune reaction, hence the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Gamma nomenclature.

There are seven known human coronaviruses:

1. Alpha coronavirus:

a. 229E (1960) – causes common cold

b. NL63 (2004) – causes croup hence it targets kids. Similar genome to 229E. Uses angiotensin converting enzyme. Is a recombination of PEDV. Hast two variants.

2. Beta coronavirus:

a. OC43 (1960) – causes common cold. It is believed it evolved from bovine CoV.

b. HKU1(2005)

c. SARS-CoV (2003) uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2.

d. MERS-CoV (2012)

3. SARS-COV2 - uses Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, the Spike structure has subunits attaching to furin.

There is no vaccine for any, the only vaccine created was for SARS and it was an attenuated virus.

China has been using a drug produced in Cuba known as Alpha Interferon which intention was for HIV, Human Papilloma Virus, Hepatitis B and C, and some cancers. This medication has been used successfully and China claims that it has cured 1,500 cases as of February.[8] China uses Kaletra or Aluvia (liponavir and ritonavir) with Rivabirin which are medications for HIV and Hepatitis. The use of HIV meds and Tamiflu is another cocktail in use. The medication for malaria, Cloquonine, is also used for COVID-19. Another medication added to the cocktail is Thymosin, a medication that assists in the maturation of T-cells.

Do Animals get Coronavirus?

Yes, animals do get infected with coronavirus, but it is difficult for getting infected with HUMAN coronaviruses. Some of the coronaviruses in animal are the following:

· Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PDEV)

· Porcine Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)

· Porcine Haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)

· Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)

· Canine coronavirus

· Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)

· Bovine coronavirus

· Bat SARS

· AvianCoV

Which Disinfecting Wipes?[9]

· Lysol claims it product kills[10]

o Virus: Herpes simplex virus type 1, Human coronavirus, influenza A virus

o Bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep), Staplylococcus aureus (Staph), Escherichia coli O157: H7 (E. coli), Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella enterica (Salmonella)

· Clorox Healthcare®Bleach Germicidal Disinfectants and Clorox Healthcare® Bleach Germicidal Wipes[11]

o Virus: Adenovirus Type 2, Avian influenza A, Canine parvovirus, Enterovirus D68, Feline Panleukopenia, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Herpes simplex type 2, Human coronavirus, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Influenza A, Influenza B, Measles, MERS-CoV, Norovirus, Poliovirus type 1, Respiratory syncytial (RSV), Rhinovirus, Rotavirus, SARS-CoV.

It is important to point that CoV killed by Clorox are SARS, MERS and that H-CoV mentioned by Lysol® and Clorox®are the ones that cause common cold. [12]

China and SARS, A Lesson on How to Treat

When SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) hit China the treatment response was multifactorial; China used an integrated approach of Chinese medicine and Western medicine. This integrated approach consisted on nutritional support, Chinese herbal medicine, and a regime of oxygen supplementation, corticosteroids (methylprednisolone), antibiotics (azithromycin, cefotaxime, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, demethylvancomycin), immunoglobulin, and thymosin. The medications used were according to severity and symptomatology. From the western approach we can determine that healthy eating habits are important. The use of antibacterial, corticosteroids, and thymosin is evidence that herbal, vitamins, mineral, and amino acid supplementation with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory properties are paramount as prophylactic measures.

From a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) perspective SARS was diagnosed as Wen Yi Bing or Warm Pestilential Disease.[13] The differential diagnosis used was Four Divisions (Wei-Qi, Ying-Qi, Xue, Yuan) and the Triple Heater or San Jiao. The aim of the Chinese herbal formulas was to expel pathogen, clear heat, and dissolve dampness therefore the herbal formulas used back in 2003 for SARS were the following:

· San Ren Tang (Three-Nut decoction) + Shen Jiang San (Ascending-Descending Powder)

o Ingredients: Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Bai Dou Kou (Fructus Cardamomi Rotundi), Sheng Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis), Hua Shi (Talcum), Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi), Zhu Ye, (Herba Lophateri Gracilis), Hou Po Hua (Flos Magnolia Officinalis), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae), Jiang Can (Bombyx Batricatus), Chan Yi or Chan Tui (Periostracum Cicadae), Pian Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcuma Longae), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis).

· Yin Qiao San (Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder) + Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum, and Licorice Decoction) + Sheng Jiang San (Ascending-Descending Powder).

o Ingredients: Sheng Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum), Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparatae) Jiang Can (Bombyx Batrycarius), Chan Yi or Chan Tui (Periostracum Cicadae), Bo He (Herba Menthae), Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae), Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicallensis), Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) Shen yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis), Pain Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae).

· Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan (Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin)

o Ingredients: Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum), Xing Ren (Semen Prunus Armeniacae), Hua Shi (Talcum), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicallensis), Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Yin Chen Hao (Herba Atemisae Capillaris), Shi Chang Pu (Rhizima Acori Graminei), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae), Hu Zhang (Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati), Bai Dou Kou (Frucuts Cardamomi Rotundi), Jiang Can (Bombyx Batricatus), Chan Yi or Chan Tui (Periostracum Cicadae), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcuma Longae).

· Hao Qin Qing Dan Tang (Artemisia Annua and Scutellaria Decoction to Clear Gallbladder)

o Ingredients: Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Apiaceae), Zhu Ye (Herba Lophateri Gracilis), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinealliae Ternatae), Chi Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos Rubrae), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellaria Baicalensis), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Sheng yi Yi ren (Semen Coicis), Hua Shi (Talcum), Qing Dai (Indigo Pulverata Levis), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Yu Jin (Tuber Curcumae).

· Wu Hu Tang (Five Tiger Decoction) + Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang (Descurainia and Jujuba Decoction to Drain the Lungs) + Lian Po Yin (Coptis and Magnolia Bark Decoction)

o Ingredients: Zhi Ma huang (Herba Ephedrae), Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparatae), Lu Cha (Folium Thea Sinensis), Ting Li Zi (Semen Tinglizi), Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan), Hou Po or Chuan Po (Cortex Magnolia Officinalis), Zhi Shi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus), Shan Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardenia Jasminoidis), Dan Dou Chi (Semen Sojae Praeparatum), Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei), Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pineallia Ternatae), Jie Geng (Radix Platycodonis).

· Qing Ying Tang (Clear the Nutritive level Decoction) + Sheng Mai Yin (Generate the Pulse Decoction)

o Ingredients: Shui Niu Jiao (Cornu Bubali), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis), Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae Japonica), Xi Yang Shen (Radix Panacis Quinquifolii), Mai Men Dong (Tuber Ophiopogonis Japonici), Shan Yu Rou (Fructus Corni Officinalis)

It is important to remind the aforementioned formulas are used according to pattern discrimination, but a quick analysis of the herbs used will show some herbs or classification of herbs are used frequently in all the formulas. They are herbs that clear heat, drain dampness, transform phlegm, and regulate Lung Qi. The most used herbs in these formulas are Huang Qin, Pian Jiang Huang, Bai Dou Kou, Jin Yin Hua, Lu Gen, Ban Lan Gen, Fa Ban Xia, Chan yi or Chan Tui, Yi Yi Ren, Xing Ren, Shi Gao, and Hua Shi. Once heat passes to the Ying or Xue level damage to Qi and Yin has taken place manifesting as diarrhea, headaches, and/or shaking/tremors. From a six-division perspective Tai Yin, Yang Ming, Jue Yin damage has taken place once the pathogen surpasses the Tai Yang level. The SARS is a Phlegm-Heat pathogen that causes shortness of breath, fatigue, and can cause delirium, collapse or fainting, and bleeding which are quite like the presentation of COVID-19. This experience provides us with a diagnosis of a Wen Bing Phlegm-Damp-Heat pathogen for COVID-19.

CoVid-2019 Signs and Symptoms[14]

Some of the signs and symptoms reported are:

Flu like presentation:

· Runny nose

· Nasal congestion

· Low grade fever

· Body aches

Pneumonia presentation:

· Shortness of breath

· Chest tightness

· Wheezing

· Cough

· Fatigue

· High fever

· Dry mouth

· Bitter taste

Signs and Symptoms, Chinese Medicine and CoVid-19

In China, COVID-19 is diagnosed as phlegm-damp heat pestilential qi. The tongue has a thick yellow fur and a red and wet body. The signs and symptoms are runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, fever, and difficulty breathing leading, wheezing, chest tightness, fatigue, dry mouth, bitter taste, and diarrhea.[15],[16],[17] The main feature is difficulty breathing and x-ray or CT-Scan showing bilateral lung ‘infiltrates' or 'ground-glass opacities.' These opacities are pockets filled with thick mucus which prevents breathing. It takes 2 to 14 days to show any sign and symptoms, but it has been reported cases were takes longer to show any sign and symptoms. COVID-19 starts as common cold, then switches to flu like symptoms and then pneumonia. It is calculated that 2 people can infect 2.5 people a day, the infection increase rate is 53% per day.[18] The mortality rate is low but has a high infection rate. In the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine COVID-19 has been divided into 4 Stages: Prevention (this stage is common cold), Influenza, Pneumonia, and Recovery Stage. Each Stage has a set of herbal formulas and pattern discrimination. Below I have summarized their recommendations, for detail information please read How COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) is Currently Treated in China with TCM by John K Chen.

· Prevention Stage: Diagnosis is damp cold in the Lung and the recommended formula is a modified Yu Pi Feng San.

· Influenza Stage: The diagnosis is Exterior Wind-Cold invasion, Toxic heat invading the Lung, or Damp Cold in the Lung, The formulas recommended are Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Decoction), Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang (Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction), Huo Xiang Zhen Qi San, Yin Qiao San (Honey Suckle and Forsythia Powder), Qing Wei Bai Du San (Clear Epidemics and Overcome Pathogenic Influences Powder).

· Pneumonia Stage: Is diagnosed as Shao Yang Syndrome with Damp, Damp-Heat Distressing the Lung, Toxic Stagnation Hampering the Lung or Hot Type Closed Disorder with Devastated Yang. The formulas recommended are Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction), San Ren Tang (Three-Nut Decoction), Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan (Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxins), Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Coicis, and Licorice Decoction), Xiao Xian Xiong Tang (Minor Sinking into the Chest Decoction), Cao Guo Zhi Mu Tang (Tsaoko and Anemarrhena Decoction), Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang (White Tiger plus Ginseng Decoction), Si Tu Tang (Four Wild Decoction), Si Ni Jia Ren Shen Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction Plus Ginseng), An Gong Niu Huang Wan (Calm the Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone), Zi Xue San (Purple Snow Powder).

· Recovery Stage: Qi and Yin Deficiency with closed collaterals. Recommended formula is Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang (Glehnia and Ophiopogonis Decoction).

The herbs that were used the most were Huang Qin, Huang Lian, Ma Huang, Bai Zhu, Bai Dou Kou, Jin Yin Hua, Chen Pi, Fa Ban Xia, Yi Yi Ren, Xing Ren, Gua Lou, Sheng Jiang, Dan Zhu Ye, and Zhi Mu. An analysis of these herbs shows Heat-Pathogen invading the Lung and damaging fluids causing phlegm, chest tightness and shortness of breath which in normal parlance is pneumonia. The heat damages the Spleen which generate dampness and disturbs digestion; during this stage the pathogen causes what we know as enteritis leading to diarrhea. As the Heat-Pathogen advances, the person collapses. Is during this state that the person has entered the Jue Yin level, has damaged Shao Yin and a diagnosis of Closed Heat-Type Collapse with Devastated Yang is given or as John Chen calls it Closed Interior and Abandoned Exterior. Heat shuts the orifices (consciousness) and enters the Pericardium/Heart. The formulas have the purpose of eliminating the pathogen. Plants bioactive compounds are their antigen, their immune system developed to fight pests and it is theses bioactive compounds that have healing properties.

Herbs that are effective against the CoV are rich in triterpene glycosides such as saikosaponins A, B2,C, and D or phenolic compounds. The herbs are the followings:[19],[20]

· Radix Bupleurum (Chai hu) – early stage infection of 229E

· Radix Scrophularia (Xuan shen) -early stage infection of 229E

· Lycoris Radiata (Shi Suan) – SARS

· Herba Artemisia annua (Huang hua hao or Qing hao) - SARS

· Folium Pyrrosia lingua (Shi wei) – SARS

· Radix Lindera aggregata (Wu yao) – SARS

· Isatidis indigotica (Ban lan gen, Cao da qing, Ma lan) – SARS

· Torreya nucifera or Semen Torreyae (Fei zi) – SARS

· Radix Dioscorea spp – SARS

As precaution you might use Gan mao ling and Yu Ping Feng San. The ingredients in Gan mao ling are gang mei geng or wan dian jin (Radix Iicis asprellae), wu zhu he (Folium Evodia), shan pu he or wu zhi gan (Folium viticis) ban lan gen (Radix Isatidis), ju hua (Flos Chrysanthemum), jin Yinn hua (Flos Lonicerae), and bo he (Herba Mentha). This formula clears heat, toxins, and opens the chest. Ban lan gen and jin Yinn hua have immunomodulatory properties.[21]

As reported by R. K. Ganjhu et al:

Also, if we glance through the different plant preparations reported in this review, we will notice that most of them represent extracts made of more than one plant species. That draws our attention to the uniqueness of each plant species and their constituents, which together with other plants make a formulation effective in treating a plethora of viral infections. An in-depth analysis of such formulations along with a bio-activity guided isolation of active components shall deﬁnitely give a better idea about the active principles responsible for a varied antiviral action. Research in this direction is in progress as collated from different papers. There are ample reports revealing immunomodulatory properties of many plant extracts mediated through induction and release of pro-inﬂammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12. IL-12, produced by activated monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, stimulate cell-mediated immunity to release IFN-c, promote Th-1 responses, and enhance CD8 + cytotoxic T cell activity, thereby playing a pivotal role in controlling viral replication. There also exist evidence on IL-6 production by macrophages in response to virus infections, in addition to reports justifying its role in clearing viral infection from the physiological system.[22]

I would like to quote John Chen:

From the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, at least 321 large-scale plagues occurred in China. Chinese medicine has served to wage life-and-death battles against various plague consistently through time and has successfully contained the spread of epidemics in a limited area and time. There has never been a similar tragedy in China’s history, such as the Spanish flu or the Black Death in Europe. These are examples of global plagues that killed tens of millions of people.

In the Chinese history, whenever a plague is rampant, Chinese medicine practitioners are always on the front lines to battle the disease. Many survived with the help of Chinese Medicine; so in this fight with the insidious and novel Coronavirus, Chinese Medicine once again should take a primary role in effective treatment and must not be absent in action!

Essential Oils and Viruses

Hinokitiol is an essential oil of from the wood of Cupressacea trees. This oil, when it enters in contact with zinc it elicits the interchange of zinc ions and stops viral replication, in this instance SARS-CoV, and inhibits lung cancer cell growth.[23] Cupressacea trees refers to Cypress, it has 30 genera and 133 varieties.[24] It includes the following trees: Fitzroya, Pilgerodendron spp, Arbovitae spp, Austrocedrus, Cupressus spp, Callitris, Widdringtonian spp,Tetraclinis, Thujopsis, Chamaecyparis spp, Calocedrus, Juniperus spp, Athrotaxis, Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia, Sequoiadendrum, Sequoia, Metasequoia, Taxodium.

Essential oils with antiviral or antiseptic or immunomodulatory properties according to Schnaubelt, PhD are:[25]

· Cinnamon (Cinnamomum ceylanicum) – antiseptic. From a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) perspective is warms Kidney yang (bark) and regulates the coronary arteries. Rou gui and Gui zhi are the Pin Yin for cinnamon in Chinese medicine.

· Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) – antiseptic, “broad spectrum of action against bacteria; antiviral, strengthening.” (sic)

· Eucalyptus radiata – expectorant, antiviral. In TCM terms it strengthens Lung qi, opens the chest and transforms phlegm.

· Eucalyptus globulus and polybractea – expectorant. From a TCM perspective it tonifies Lung-Tai Yin Qi, regulates qi in the chest, and transforms phlegm.

· Frankincense (Boswellia carteri) – anti-asthmatic, strengthens the immune system. For Chinese medicine savvy readers Frankincense expands the chest and boost Wei-qi or Defensive qi.

· Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis var decumbens) – strong antiviral effects and antiasthmatic. In TCM terms hyssop tonifies Lung-Tai Yin Qi and Wei-Qi therefore it treats shortness of breath, fatigue, and boost immune system.

· Laurel (Laurus nobilis) – is anti-infective (sic), it enhances the qualities of the other antiviral and antibacterial oils. In TCM, it is said that laurel moves qi and transforms phlegm.

· Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) – antiviral, anti-inflammatory (sic). TCM view on myrrh is that it strengthens the Spleen-Tai Yin meridian and drains dampness.

· Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini) – effective against bacterial and viral illnesses of throat and lungs (sic). In Chinese medicine parlance it nourishes Yin and clears heat.

· Ravensare (Ravensare aromatica) – expectorant and antiviral (sic).

· Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) – anti-infective agent with very broad spectrum of action (sic). It tonifies Lung qi and Wei-Qi therefore boosting the immune system functions and treating fatigue, or lethargy.

· Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanoides) – strengthens a weakened immune system. In TCM words, vetiver nourishes Yin and clears heat.

Note: previous essential oils information are direct quotes from Schnaubelt, PhD.

An excellent way of prevention is diffusing essential oil of Eucalyptus radiata, E. globulus, E. citriodora, Laurel, Tea tree, Hyssop, and Palmarosa.[26] A synergy of Eucalyptus spp, Tea tree, Laurel, Hyssop, and Palmarosa with Jojoba oil as a carrier and applied to acupuncture points Lung 1, Lung 5, and Lung 9 (See Diag 1, Diag 2 and Diag 3).

You can make your own synergy. You need the essential oils previously mentioned (7 in total), a 10 ml bottle and jojoba oil. The synergy’s dilution would be 10%. The ratio depends on how you want to do the blend but keep in mind that 1 ml is approximately 20 drops hence 10 ml bottle fits 200 drops and a 10% dilution yields a total of 20 drops. These 20 drops must be divided between Eucalyptus spp, Laurel, Tea tree, Palmarosa, and Hyssop. In theory, you can pour 2 to 3 drops of each essential oil.

Where you can obtain your essential oils? I get my oils from one of these 3 sources: Ananda Apothecary in Colorado, Enfleurage 237 West 13th Street New York, NY, and New York Institute of Aromatherapy in New York City at 530 E 13th Street, New York, NY 10009. Another good source of essential oils is Floracopeia. All are reliable sources who are committed to quality.

Diag 1 Lung 1

Diag 2 Lung 5 on elbow’s crease lateral to bicep tendon.

Diag 3 Lung 9

Supplements and The Immune System

Supplements can assist regulating, harmonizing, and boosting the immune system. My favorite combination is taking a multivitamin and mineral, adding an extra dose of 25 mg of zinc, selenium, and manganese while adding 1,500 mg of L-Carnitine. L-Carnitine is converted to L-Acetylcarnitine[27],[28],[29] which has immunomodulator, sedative, and analgesic effects. It regulates dopamine, serotonin, and GABA and has an affinity for the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Zinc, selenium, and manganese are the minerals needed to produce super oxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, two antioxidants produced by the human; L-Glutamine[30], an amino acid, is involved in the production of glutathione peroxidase as well.

When zinc ions[31] enter in contact with other substances such as hinokitiol, Pyrrolidine DioThioCarbamate (PDTC),[32] and zinc pyrithione (PT) it exerts a dynamic response which promotes antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral response.

DPTC[33] is a metal chelating agent that passes through the blood brain barrier and stimulates astrocytes, regulates production of glutathione, increases copper at a cellular level, and regulates nitric oxide synthetase. DPTC targets the hippocampus as well. DPTC has been shown to reduce effects of Alzheimer and stop viral replication of SARS-CoV. PT is zinc pyrithhione and has been noticed that in combination with zinc2+, hinokitiol, and PDTC it inhibits replication of SARS-CoV. It can be assumed that a regime involving vitamin/mineral supplementation, a good diet and hygiene, plenty of rest, and use of essential oils can be our best allies in staying healthy.

Nature’s Sunshine® offers an ample selection on supplements to support lung functions, regulate the immune system and fight viruses. My recommendation as a prophylactic measure is ALJ® and Enviro-Detox®. ALJ® enhances lung functions, cleanses the lung, and aids with allergies while Enviro-Detox® has antiviral properties.

Precautionary Approaches

Wash your hands thoroughly. Hand washing dislodges any bacteria, virus or any other pathogen from our hands. If you use Lysol or Clorox wipes you can add ethanol to them. Ethanol and HCL have shown strong antiviral activity. Avoid shaking hands, cover your mouth when sneezing. Stay home if you are sick. Drink ginger tea[34], studies show that ginger tea has anti-inflammatory properties and reduces inflammation markers including Nuclear Factor. Fresh ginger enhances catalase, superoxidase dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase.[35] Ginger treats even common cold.[36] Last, always gargle.

Biography:

Emmanuel Arroyo is a Licensed Acupuncturist in the State of NY, Certified in Iridology and Aromatherapy. Has a Master degree in Oriental Medicine and is Member of NCCAOM and ASNY.

If you are interested in having an essential oil synergy with antiviral and antibacterial properties or need a immune booster acupuncture treatment you can reach me at:

[email protected]

www.arroyosacupuncture.com

References:

[1] Division of Disease Surveillance. Maine Center for Disease Control & Prevention. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/airborne/coronavirus.shtml

[2] Shiel, William C, MD, FACP, FACR. Medical Definition of Positive-strand RNA virus. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22952

[3] Fehr, Anthony R, Perlman, Stanley. Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1282:1-23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369385/

[4] Karlis, Nicole. Why COVID-19 is more insidious than other coronaviruses. Salon. February 28, 2020 12:35 AM (UTC) Accessed March 3, 2020. https://www.salon.com/2020/02/27/why-covid-19-is-more-insidious-than-other-coronaviruses/

[5] Thomas, Gary. Furin At The Cutting Edge: From Protein Traffic to Embryogenisis And Disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol.2002 Oct; 3(10):753-766.

[6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 28 January 2010. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html

[7] Coronavirus. Wikipedia. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus

[8] Interfero de Cuba Cura Coronavirus. 2 March 2020, accessed March 3, 2020. http://espanol.almayadeen.net/news/politics/1383512/interferón-de-cuba-cura-coronavirus?fbclid=IwAR2jTX-e17__mC4OAoULX4cxjKipG6xFN4jytWKU-YHDhCHUs3RCYB3Jq_I

[9] https://prudentreviews.com/clorox-vs-lysol/

[10] Lysol https://www.lysol.com/products/disinfecting-wipes/lysol-disinfecting-wipes-crisp-linen/

[11] Clorox Healthcare®Bleach Germicidal https://www.cloroxpro.com/products/clorox-healthcare/bleach-germicidal-disinfectants/?msclkid=a9f5e73eb84d1e1935abb90e42b76ef2&gclid=CNCi0pTup-cCFUPrswod6fIAlw&gclsrc=ds

[12] Virus and Bacteria that Clorox kills http://www.apex-reps.com/assets/site/uploads/cIoZUYBLIG.pdf

[13] Lin Lin, De-ping He, Yun Han, Ju-yin Xu, Zhi-xiu Lin. Treating Severe Acute Respiratory Sydrome with Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine – A Report on 103 Hospitalised Cases at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Universit of Chinese Medicine, China. Journal of Chinese Medicine Number 72 June 2003.

[14] Harvard Health Publishing. Harvard Medical School. Coronavirus Resource Center. Accessed March 3, 2020. https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/coronavirus-resource-center

[15] https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov accessed 29 January 2020

[16] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html

[17] World health Organization. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://www.who.int/ith/2020-24-01-outbreak-of-Pneumonia-caused-by-new-coronavirus/en/

[18] Coronavirus Geometric Progression Suggests 100,000 in a Week. Accessed 29 January 2020. https://moneymaven.io/mishtalk/economics/coronavirus-geometric-progression-suggests-100-000-infections-in-a-week-jzcZTq6Je0GpmioumMXSyg

[19] Liang-Tzung Lin, Wen-Cha Hsu, Chun-Ching Lin. Antiviral Natural Products and Herbal Medicines. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 4(1):24-35.

[20] Chen K John. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry: Art of Medicine Press, Inc. 2004.

[21] Chen K John. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry: Art of Medicine Press, Inc. 2004.

[22] Rajesh Kumar, Ganjhu et al. Herbal plants and plant preparations as remedial approach for viral diseases. Virus Dis. (October-December 2015) 26(4):225-236.

[23] Li L-H, Wu P, Lee J-Y, Li P-R, Hsieh W-Y, et al. (2014) Hinokitiol Induces DNA Damage and Autophagy followed by Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence in Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. PLoS ONE 9(8): e104203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104203

[24] Cupressacea. Britannica. Accessed 29 January 2020. https://www.britannica.com/plant/Cupressaceae

[25] Schnaubelt, PhD. Advanced Aromatherapy. Rochester: Healing Arts Press. 1995.

[26] Schnaubelt, PhD. Advanced Aromatherapy. Rochester: Healing Arts Press. 1995.

[27] Santina Chiechio, Pier Luigi Canonico, and Mariagrazia Grilli.L-Acetylcarnitine: A Mechanistically Distinctive and Potentially Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Drug. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018, 19:11.

[28] Acetl-L-carnitine deficiency in patients with major depressive disorder. Carla Nasca, et al. PNAS. August 2018. Vol. 115, No. 34 pp 8627-8632.

[29] Null, Gary PhD. The Clinician’s Handbook of Natural Healing. New York: Kensington Publishing Corp. 1997.

[30] YU Jian-Chun, JIANG Zhu-Ming and LI De-Min. Glutamine: a precursor of glutathione and its effect

on liver. WJG, World Journal of Gastroenterology. 1999. April; 5(2):143-146.

[31] te Velthuis AJW, van den Worm SHE, Sims AC, Baric RS, Snijder EJ, et al. (2010) Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity In Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture. PLoS Pathog 6(11): e1001176. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176

[32] Liddell et al. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate activates the Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes. Journal of Neuroinflammation (2016) 13:49

[33] Jin-dong Qin, Zhi-hong Cao, Xue-feng Li, Xiao-lin Kang, Yan Xue, Yue-ling Li, Dong Zhang, Xin-Yuan Liu, and Yong-zhi Xue. Effect of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on NF-jB activation and CYP2E1 content of rats with immunological liver injury. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2014; 52(11):1460-1466.

[34] Chen, John K, and Chen, Tina T. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry: Art of Medicine Press. 2001.

[35] Nur Fatin Nabilah Mohd Sahardi and Suzana Makpol. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the Prevention of Ageing and Degenerative Diseases: Review of Current Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Vol 2019, Article ID 5054395, 13 pages.

Https://www.elotus.org/article/how-covid-19-2019-ncov-currently-treated-china-tcm

[36] Nuñez Meléndez, Esteban PhD. Plantas Medicinales de Puerto Rico. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. 1982.

Https://www.lifeextension.com/protocols/infections/2019-novel-coronavirus-sars-cov2-covid-19?utm

Https://emcrit.or/pulmcrit/lopanivir

Http://www.salon.com/2020/02/27/why-covid-19-is-more-insidiuos-than-other-coronaviruses/

Https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2020/02/10/delaware-companys-disinfectant-equipment-headed-china-fight-coronavirus/4690454002

https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-what-x-rays-and-ct-scans-reveal-about-how-covid-19-kills-11955988

#coronavirus covid-19 wuhan 2019-nCoV chinesemedicine furin diagnosis tcm chinesemedicine acupuncture

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djyatta · 7 years ago

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E assim, vamos tirando e tentando a música dos miados da Xiao Pan Pan (Xue Mao Jiao)... Essa música gruda na cabeça... mas em breve, eu e o Enzo vamos gravar pro YouTube, hahahha Diga NÃO AO PRECONCEITO! http://www.apoia.se/YattaLog A gente ainda vai ganhar o mundo este ano! 今年オレたちは世界を目指す! #YattaLog #RedeBrasil #RBTV #SejaVisto #apenasfacaobem #CosPixels #MinistrosDoRiso #Influu #Arigatoes #JamGames #JamStation #djyatta #Follow #PleaseFollow #Sony #Playstation #Playstation4 #Nintendo #Switch #Showman #SuperMario #Pokemon #Cosplay #SEGA #gamer #YouTube #Nerd #Otaku #Geek #Br www.jam-station.com Www.YouTube.com/YattaLog www.dailymotion.com/djyatta www.twitch.tv/henrikepoeta www.padrim.com.br/YattaLog

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learnmandarinonline-blog1 · 8 years ago

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As we all know, it's a hard task to tell a joke to get the whole room laughing. Which joke is going to make people at least laugh, and which are destined to sink like an anchor? Don't worry, Best Jokes of the Day 2017 can help you avoid the risk, and it can also help you learn Mandarin Chinese happily.

Best Jokes of the Day 2017-Tom's excuse

Teacher: Tom, why are you late for school every day?

Tom: Every time I come to the corner, a sign says, "School-Go Slow".

tang mu de jie kou

lao shi ：tang mu ，ni wei shi me mei tian shang xue chi dao ？

tang mu ：wo mei ci lu guo guai jiao ，yi ge lu biao shang mian xie zhuo ："xue xiao ----man xing 。"

汤姆的借口

老师：汤姆，你为什么每天上学迟到？

汤姆：我每次路过拐角，一个路标上面写着："学校----慢行。"

Best Jokes of the Day 2017- Rope or ox?

The man in the prison asked a newcomer why he was sent there. The newcomer answered: I am out of luck, I think. A few days ago I was walking in the street when I saw a piece of dirty rope. I thought nobody wanted it and so I picked it up and took it home. But it is not against the law to pick up a piece of rope and take home! I told you I had bad luck, didn’t I? the man sighed, The trouble is that I didn’t notice there was an ox at the other end of that rope.

sheng zi huan shi gong niu ？

zai jian yu li ，yi ge ren wen xin lai de fan ren wei shi me bei guan jin lai 。xin lai de fan ren hui da shuo ：“wo xiang wo zhen shi dao mei 。ji tian qian wo zai jie shang zou de shi hou ，kan dao yi gen zang sheng zi ，yi wei mei ren yao liao ，bian jian qi lai dai liao hui jia 。” “dan shi ，jian yi gen sheng zi dai hui jia bing bu fan fa a ！” “wo gao su guo ni wo dao mei liao ba ？”na ge ren tan liao kou qi ，“ma fan de jiu shi wo mei you zhu yi dao sheng zi de na yi tou huan you yi tou gong niu 。”

绳子还是公牛？

在监狱里，一个人问新来的犯人为什么被关进来。新来的犯人回答说：“我想我真是倒霉。几天前我在街上走的时候，看到一根脏绳子，以为没人要了，便捡起来带了回家。” “但是，捡一根绳子带回家并不犯法啊！” “我告诉过你我倒霉了吧？”那个人叹了口气，“麻烦的就是我没有注意到绳子的那一头还有一头公牛。”

Website: http://learnmandarinonline.net/

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heilpraktiker-hannover · 8 years ago

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Acupuncture Beats Drug For Indigestion Relief

by Alex Wang, healthcmi.comMay 1, 2017

Researchers find acupuncture more effective than the drug mosapride for the treatment of abdominal pain and discomfort due to indigestion. This is significant in that mosapride has been proven effective for the relief of digestion related disorders, including GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), gastritis, and functional dyspepsia. Specifically, acupuncture outperformed mosapride for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (abdominal discomfort or pain with no known organic cause identifiable with endoscopy). The results were confirmed by electrogastrogram and other instruments.

Researchers find an ancient acupuncture point combination more effective than mosapride for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. The combination of Gongsun (SP4) and Neiguan (PC6) produces significant improvements for patients with functional dyspepsia without producing adverse effects. The data was published in the report entitled Observations on the Efficacy of Electroacupuncture at Points Gongsun and Neiguan in Treating Functional Dyspepsia.

The combination of Gongsun and Neiguan “significantly relieved clinical symptoms such as abdominal distention and discomfort after eating, early satiety, upper abdominal pain, and upper abdominal burning sensation.” The researchers note that “acupuncture outperformed drugs in regulating EGG dominant frequency as well as slow wave frequency.” They add, “compared with the drug group, the acupuncture group showed a significant difference in FDDQL scores.” Let’s take a closer look at the results.

A total of 62 patients with functional dyspepsia were treated and evaluated in this study. They were diagnosed with functional dyspepsia between January 2014 and January 2015. They were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 32 patients in the treatment group and 30 patients in the control group. The treatment group underwent electroacupuncture therapy, while the control group received drug therapy.

The statistical breakdown was as follows. The treatment group was comprised of 15 males and 17 females. The average age in the treatment group was 41 years (±16). The average course of disease was 3.91 years (±2.17). The control group was comprised of 14 males and 16 females. The average age in the control group was 44 years (±15). The average course of disease in the control group was 4.01 years (±1.62). There were no significant statistical differences in terms of age, gender, and course of disease relevant to patient outcome measures.

Inclusion criteria were as follows. According to the Rome III diagnostic standard for functional dyspepsia, patients participating in the study met at least one of the following criteria for at least six months:

Abdominal distention and discomfort after eating

Early satiety

Upper abdominal pain

Upper abdominal burning sensation

In addition, organic causes of indigestion were disallowed and were sorted using physical or biochemical examinations. Gastrointestinal motor function tests showing dysfunction of esophageal and gastrointestinal motility were allowed. Exclusion criteria were applied. This assured that patients participating in the study suffered from functional dyspepsia and not dyspepsia secondary to a separate, known etiology. Patients who had the following conditions did not participate in the study:

Severe primary and concomitant cardiovascular, liver, kidney, digestive, or hematopoietic diseases

Progressive malignant tumors or other severe consumptive diseases

Pregnant or lactating

Unable to follow instructions from researchers due to ambiguous consciousness or psychosis

Takes other medications for gastrointestinal disorders within a month

Let’s take a look at the acupuncture point prescription. The acupoints selected for the treatment group were the following:

SP4 (Gongsun)

PC6 (Neiguan)

According to TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) principles, Neiguan is a Luo-connecting acupoint on the pericardium meridian. Gongsun is a Luo-connecting acupoint on the spleen meridian. Both acupoints belong to the Ba Mai Jiao Hui Xue (meeting points of the twelve meridians and eight extraordinary meridians). The combination of these two acupoints is used for disorders of the stomach, heart, and chest. SP4 is the confluent point of the Penetrating (Chong) vessel and PC6 is the confluent point of the Yin Linking (Yinwei) vessel. Together, they are paired confluent points in the eight extra meridian system, specifically indicated for heart, chest, and stomach disorders.

The efficacy of both acupoints in treating stomach disorders is verified by modern research. Peng et al. found that needling Neiguan improves gastric motility, stimulates motilin (a hormone that increases motility of the gut) secretion, and reduces visceral hypersensitivity. Chen et al. found that needling Gongsun inhibits gastric acid secretion. Yuan et al. found that the combination of both acupoints significantly reduces anxiety and depression caused by functional dyspepsia and regulates the gastric emptying rate. Lin et al. proved that Neiguan combined with Gongsun has a bidirectional regulatory effect for stomach disorders.

The acupuncture point prescription was administered with both manual and electroacupuncture techniques. Patients were instructed to rest in a supine position. Upon disinfection of the acupoint sites, a 0.30 mm × 40 mm filiform acupuncture needle was inserted into the acupoints, to a maximum depth of 25—40 mm. A mild tonifying and attenuating manipulation technique was conducted to achieve a deqi sensation. Next, electroacupuncture was applied to the acupoints. A disperse-dense wave of 2—100 Hz (0.1—1.0 mA) was applied with an intensity level set to patient tolerance levels or until muscle contractions were observable. Electroacupuncture was applied once per day, 30 minutes per acupuncture session, for a total of 30 days. For the control group, patients received 5 mg of mosapride citrate tablets, 30 minutes before meals. Tablets were orally administered three times per day, for a total of 30 days.

Patients were evaluated before and after the treatment course. Both subjective and objective instruments were used to measure patient outcomes. First, the improvement of the aforementioned symptoms was recorded using a clinical scoring system. Second, the health related quality of life of all the participants was assessed based on a functional digestive disorders quality of life questionnaire (FDDQL). The FDDQL for the assessment of life quality for patients with functional dyspepsia is an agreed upon standard by international consensus. Third, an electrogastrogram (EGG) was conducted to measure the electrical activity of the stomach (including EGG dominant frequency and slow wave frequency). The results indicate that acupuncture is both safe and effective for the treatment of functional dyspepsia.

References: 1. HONG Feng. Observations on the Efficacy of Electroacupuncture at Points Gongsun and Neiguan in Treating Functional Dyspepsia[J]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2016.

2. Peng SF et al. Electroacupuncture Improves Gastric Motility, Autonomic Nerve Activity and Psychological Sate in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia [J]. World Chinese Journal of Digestology, 2008, 16(36):4105—4109.

3. Chen M et al. Progress in acupuncture for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in foreign countries [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 2006, 10(47):112—114.

4. Yuan XX et al. Clinical Observation on Acupuncture at Gongsun and Neiguan Points for Functional Dyspepsia Patients with Psychological Factors [J]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2015(4):52—55.

5. Curran, Monique P., and Dean M. Robinson. "Mosapride." Drugs 68, no. 7 (2008): 981-991.

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dear-indies · 8 years ago

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Here’s a masterlist of over 420+ Chinese faceclaims with their age and ethnicity noted if there was a reliable source! If you have any suggestions or know any missing information feel free to send us an ask. Please give this post a like or reblog if you found it useful.

FEMALE:

Vera Wang (1949) — Fashion Designer

Liu Xiao Qing (1955) — Actor

Deng Jie (1957) — Actor

Velina Hasu Houston (1957) African-American, Pikuni Blackfoot, Japanese, Chinese, Native Hawaiian, Cuban, Argentinian, Brazilian, Armenian, Greek, German, English — Playwright and Author.

Jennifer Tilly (1958) ½ Chinese ½ Finnish, Irish, First Nations — Actor

Liu Xue Hua (1959) — Actor

Teresa Mo (1959) Hongkonger — Actor

Ding Jiali (1959) — Actor

Leanne Liu (1959) — Actor

Candice Yu (1959) Hongkonger — Actor

Kiki Sheung (1959) Hongkonger — Actor

Candice Yu (1959) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Ni Ping (1959) — Actor and TV Host.

Emily Chu (1960) Hongkonger — Actor

Lü Liping (1960) — Actor

Olivia Cheng (1960) Hongkonger — Actor

Kara Hui (1960) Manchu — Actor

Idy Chan (1960) Hongkonger — Actor

Meg Tilly (1960) ½ Chinese ½ Finnish, Irish, First Nations — Actor

Rae Dawn Chong (1961) ½ Chinese, Scots-Irish ½ Black Canadian, Cherokee — Actor

Joan Chen (1961) — Actor

Song Dandan (1961) — Actor

Rae Dawn Chong (1961) Chinese, Scots-Irish / African-American — Actor

Joan Chen (1961) — Actor, Director, Screenwriter, and Producer

Mao Weitao (1962) — Actor and Singer

Hong Yue (1962) — Actor

Rosamund Kwan (1962) Manchu / Chinese — Actor

Kingdom Yuen (1962) Hongkonger — Actor

Jaime Chik (1962) Hongkonger — Actor

Michelle Yeoh (1962) — Actor

Cecilia Yip (1963) Hongkonger — Actor

Ming Na Wen (1963) — Actor

Carrie Ng (1963) Hongkonger — Actor

Charlene Tse (1963) Hongkonger — Actor

Li Lingyu (1963) — Actor and Singer

He Saifei (1963) — Actor

Ming-Na Wen (1963) — Actor

Phoebe Cates (1963) ¾ Ashkenazi Jewish ¼ Chinese — Actor and Model

Maggie Cheung (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Chen Jin (1964) — Actor

Esther Kwan (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Fu Yiwei (1964) — Actor

Moon Lee (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Carina Lau (1964) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Gong Li (1965) — Actor

Yu Hui (1965) — Actor

Maggie Shiu (1965) — Actor

Amy Yip (1965) Hongkonger — Actor

Kathy Chow (1966) Machu — Actor

Irene Wan (1966) Hongkonger — Actor

May Mei-Mei Lo (1966) Hongkonger — Actor

Sheren Tang (1966) Hongkonger — Actor

Bai Ling (1966) — Actor

Cutie Mui (1966) Hongkonger — Actor and TV Host

Loletta Lee (1966) Hongkonger — Actor

Vivian Wu (1966) — Actor

Monica Chan (1966) Hongkonger — Actor and Model

Ellen Chan (1966) Hongkonger — Actor

Shirley Kwan (1966) Hongkonger — Singer

Xu Fan (1967) — Actor

Celine Ma (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Li Shengsu (1967) — Actor and Singer

Jin Xing (1967) — Dancer and Actress — Trans

Vivian Chow (1967) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Amy Kwok (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Elvina Kong (1967) Hongkonger — Actor and Presenter

Florence Kwok (1968) Hongkonger — Actor

Chen Hong (1968) — Actor

Chingmy Yau (1968) Hongkonger — Actor

Ju Xue (1968) Chinese — Actor

Kelly Hu (1968) English, Chinese, Hawaiian — Actor

Louisa So (1968) Hongkonger — Actor

Yvonne Yung (1968) Hongkonger — Actor

Lucy Liu (1968) — Actor

Canny Leung (1968) Hongkonger — Singer and Author

Boh Runga (1969) ½ Chinese ½ Māori — Singer

Kenix Kwok (1969) Hongkonger — Actor

Naomi Campbell (1970) Jamaican (African, ¼ Chinese, possibly other) — Actor and Model

Maxine Bahns (1971) ½ German ½ Chinese, Portuguese-Brazilian — Actor and Singer

Yuen Wing Yi (1971) — Actor

Li Bingbing (1973) — Actor

Sharin Foo (1973) 2/4 Danish,¼ Chinese — Musician

Natassia Malthe (1974) ½ Norwegian, ½ Chinese-Malaysian — Actor and Model

China Chow (1974) Chinese, Japanese, German — Model and Actor

Zhou Xun (1974) — Actor

Coco Lee (1975) ½ Hongkonger ½ Chinese — Singer, Dancer, and Actor

He Meitian (1975) — Actor

Katja Schuurman (1975) Chinese, Dutch, Surinamese — Actor, Singer and TV Personality.

Sheh Charmaine (1975) Hongkonger — Actor

KT Tunstall (1975) ½ Chinese, Scottish ½ Irish — Singer

Bic Runga (1976) ½ Chinese ½ Māori — Singer

Zhao Wei (1976) — Actor

Li Xiao Ran (1976) — Actor

Chen Si Si (1976) — Actor

Yang Ming Na (1976) — Actor

Lu Min Tao (1978) — Actor

Gong Beibi (1978) — Actor

Nicole Lyn (1978) Afro-Jamaican, Chinese, Anglo — Actor

Liu Tao (1978) — Actor

Michaela Conlin (1978) ½ Chinese, ½ Irish — Actor

Zhang Ziyi (1979) — Actor

Bérénice Marlohe (1979) ½ Chinese, Cambodian ½ French — Actor

Chen Hao (1979) — Actor, Singer, and Model

Elaine Tan (1979) — Actor

Chen Yao (1979) — Actor

Gao Yuan Yuan (1979) — Actor

Zhao Yuan Yuan (1979) — Actor

Wu Hang Yee / Wu Myolie (1979) Hongkonger — Actor

Yeung Yi / Tavia Yeung (1979) Hongkonger — Actor

Cecilia Cheung (1980) ¼ White British, ¾ Hongkonger — Actor

Lena Hall (1980) Filipino, Spanish, possibly Chinese, Swedish, English, possibly other — Actor and Singer

Chen Lili (1980) — Singer, Model and Actor — Trans

Mylène Jampanoï (1980) ½ Chinese ½ Breton — Actor

Olivia Munn (1980) ½ Chinese, ½ English, Scottish, German — Model and Actor

Jolin Tsai (1980) 75% Han Chinese 25% Aboriginal Taiwanese (Papora) — Singer

Chung Ka Lai/Gillian Chung (1981) Hongkonger — Actor

Fan Bingbing (1981) — Actor

Liza Lapira (1981) Filipino, Spanish, Chinese — Actor

Zhang Meng/Zhang Alina (1988) — Actor

Yang Rong (1981) — Actor

Zhang Xin Yi (1981) — Actor

Francine Prieto (1982) ½ Filipino, Chinese ½ Norwegian — Actress, Singer, and Model

Gemma Chan (1982) — Actor

Jia Xiao Chen/Jia JJ (1982) — Actor

Lee Kai Sum (1982) Hongkonger — Actor

Li Xiao Lu (1982) — Actor

Kristin Kreuk (1982) ½ Chinese, with some Scottish and African, ½ Dutch — Actor

Sun Li/Sun Betty (1982) — Actor

Constance Wu (1982) Han Chinese — Actor

Yan Yi Dan (1982) — Actor

Wang Ou/Angel Wang (1982) — Actor

Christina Chong (1983) ½ Chinese ½ English — Actor

Lan Xi (1983) — Actor

Tang Yan/Tiffany Tang (1983) — Actor

Teresa Castillo (1983) Mexican, Chinese, Spanish — Actor

Huang Lu (1983) — Actor

Alexa Chung (1983) 37.5% Chinese 62.5% English and Scottish — Fashion Designer, TV presenter, Model and Writer.

Yasmin Lee (1983) Thai, Cambodian and Chinese — Model — Trans

Jiang Xin (1983) — Actor

Chung Ka Yan/Linda Chung (1984) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Bai Xui/Bai Fay (1984) — Actor

Wu You (1984) — Actor

Wang Li Kun (1985) — Actor

Li Cheng Yuan (1984) — Actor

Xhang Li (1984) — Actor

Hai Lu (1984) — Actor

Jane Zhang (1984) — Singer

Lu Jia Rong/Lu Kelsey (1984) — Actor

Tami Chynn (1984) Chinese, Cherokee, Afro-Jamaican, English — Singer and Dancer

Qi Wei (1984) — Actor and Singer

Du Ruo Xi (1985) — Actor

Heart Evangelista (1985) Filipino (Tagalog), Chinese, Spanish (Asturian) — Actor and Model.

Juliana Harkavy (1985) ½ Ashkenazi Jewish ½ Dominican Republic, African, Chinese — Actor

Celina Jade (1985) ½ Chinese ½ English, Irish, German, French — Actor, Singer, Model and Martial Artist

Tong Yi La/Yi Yi (1989) — Actor

Angel Locsin (1985) Filipino (including Hiligaynon), Chinese, Spanish (Galician) — Actor

Jessica Lu (1985) ½ Chinese, Japanese ½ Chinese — Actor

Jing Lusi (1985) — Actor

Joséphine Jobert (1985) Sephardi Jewish / Martiniquais, Spanish, possibly Chinese — Actor

Kirby Ann Basken (1985) ½ Norwegian ½ Filipino (Tagalog), Chinese — Model

Li Sheng (1985) — Actor

Cindy Sun (1985) — Actor

Suzuki Emi (1985) — Model and Actor

Tong Yao (1985) — Actor

Tessanne Chin (1985) ½ Chinese, Cherokee Native American ½ Jewish, Afro-Jamaican, likely other — Singer

Tao Xin Ran (1986) — Actor

Michelle Bai (1986) — Actor

Gan Ting Ting (1986) — Actor

Jia Qing (1986) — Actor

Maggie Jiang (1986) — Actor

Lin Peng (1986) — Actor

Yang Mi (1986) — Actor

Mao Lin Lin/Nikia Mao (1986) — Actor

Liu Shishi (1987) — Actor

Victoria Song (1987) — Actor and Idol.

Sun Yao Qi (1987) — Actor

Wang Olivia (1987) — Actor

Yuan Shan Shan/Mabel Yuan (1987) — Actor

Zhang Xin Yu/Zhang Viann (1987) — Actor

Cao Lu (1987) — Actor and Singer

Ellen Adarna (1988) 68.75% Filipino (Cebuano), 25% Chinese, 6.25% unknown — Actress and Model

Jiao Jun Yan (1987) — Actor

Li Fei Er (1987) — Actor

Liu Yifei (1987) — Actor

Li Chun/Li Frida (1988) — Actor

Amanda Du-Pont (1988) Portuguese, Chinese, French and Swazi — Actor

Ma Si Chun/Sandra Ma (1988) — Actor

Mao Xiaotong (1988) — Actor

Wang Feifei (1987) — Actor and Idol

Zhao Li Ying (1987) — Actor

Crystal Yu (1988) Hongkonger — Actor

Feng Jing (1988) — Actor

Adesuwa Aighewi (1988) Nigerian / Chinese — Model

Han Qing Zi/Kan Adi (1988) — Actor

Hou Meng Yao (1988) — Actor

Jing Tian (1988) — Actor and Singer

Liu Wen (1988) — Model

Li Yi Xiao (1988) — Actor

Li Xi Rui/Sierra Li (1989) — Actor

Lou Yi Xiao (1988) — Actor

Ni Ni (1988) — Actor

Sarah Geronimo (1988) Filipino, Chinese — Singer and Actor

Wang Xiao Chen (1988) — Actor

Ying Liu/Ying Er (1988) — Actor

Zhang Meng/Zhang Lemon (1988) — Actor

Meng Jia (1989) — Actor and Singer

Helena Chan (1989) Swedish, Chinese — TV Presenter and Model

Anna Akana (1989) Japanese, Native Hawaiian, possibly English, Irish, German, French, Chinese / Filipino, possibly Spanish — Actor, Author and Comedian

Ayesha Curry (1989) ½ Polish, African-American ½ Chinese, African-Jamaican — Actor

Sun Fei Fei (1989) — Model

Xi Mengyao/Ming Xi (1989) — Model

Angelababy (1989) ¼ German, ¼ Hongkonger, ½ Shanghainese — Actor

An Yue Xi (1989) — Actor

Sammi Maria (1989) English, Afro Guyanese, Chinese — YouTuber

He Sui (1989) — Model and Actor

Jiang Kai Tong (1989) — Actor

Jiang Meng Jie (1989) — Actor

Mi Lu/Mi Viola (1989) — Actor

Miller/Vespa Miller (1989) — Actor

Shen Meng Chen (1989) — Actor

Adrianne Ho (1989) Chinese, French — Model

Sui He (1989) — Actor and Model.

Tang Yi Xin/Tang Tina (1989) — Actor

Xiao Wen Ju (1989) — Model

Awkwafina (1989) Chinese / Korean — Rapper and Actor

Zhang Han Yun/Zhang Baby (1989) — Actor

Zhang Tian Ai/Crystal Zhang (1990) — Actor

Li Yitong (1990) — Actor

Elizabeth Tan (1990) — Actor

Gong Mi (1990) — Actor

Jin Chen (1990) — Actor

Katie Findlay (1990) Portuguese, Chinese, English, Scottish — Actor

Li Qin (1990) — Actor

Li Xin Ai (1990) ¼ Russian, ¾ Chinese — Actor

Li Yi Tong (1990) — Actor and Idol

Phillipa Soo (1990) ½ Chinese ½ English, Scottish, Irish — Actor and Singer

Tan Song Yun (1990) — Actor

Zhao Ying Juan/Zhao Sarah (1990) — Actor

Malese Jow (1991) ½ Chinese ½ English, Scottish — Actor

Diane Nadia Adu-Gyamfi / Moko (1991) ¾ Ghanaian, ¼ Chinese — Singer

Hu Bing Qing (1992) — Actor

You Jing Ru/You Una (1992) — Actor

Liu Mei Han/Liu Mikan (1991) — Actor and Singer

Zheng Shuang (1991) — Actor

Zhou Dongyu (1992) — Actor

Hanli Hoefer (1992) Peranakan Chinese / White - VJ

Jessica Henwick (1992) ½ English, ½ Chinese-Singaporean — Actor

Janice Wu (1992) — Actor

Sveta Black (1992) African, Chinese — Model

Yang Zi (1992) — Actor

Maria Lynn Ehren (1992) Swedish / Thai Chinese — Actor and Model

Zhang Yu Xi (1993) — Actor

Hashimoto Tenka (1993) ½ Japanese, ½ Chinese — Actor

He Jia Ying (1993) — Actor

Qiao Xin (1993) — Actor

Sun Xiao Nu/Sun Yi (1993) — Actor

Jing Wen (1994) — Model

Cao Xi Yue (1994) — Actor

Natasha Liu Bordizzo (1994) 1/2 Chinese ½ Italian — Actor and Model.

Jessica Sula (1994) ½ Estonian, German ½ Afro-Trinidadian, Chinese — Actor

Ju Jing Yi (1994) — Actor and Idol

Liu Ying Lun (1994) — Actor

Wu Xuan Yi (1995) — Idol

Xing Fei/Xing Fair (1994) — Actor

Xu Lu/LuLu Xu (1994) — Actor

Zhou Yu Tong (1994) — Actor

Naiyu Xu (1995) — Model

Ou Yang Ni Ni (1996) — Actor

Qie Lu Tong (1995) — Actor

Feng Zhi Mo (1996) — Actor

Fernanda Ly (1996) stated as being “of Chinese descent” — Model

Cymphonique Miller (1996) Black, Filipino, French, Indian, Hawaiian, Spanish & Chinese — singer and actress.

Lin Yun (1996) — Actor

Liu Xie Ning/Sally (1996) — Idol

Wong Viian/Vivi (1996) Hongkonger — Idol

Bea Binene (1997) ½ Chinese ½ Filipino — Actress and TV Host.

Guan Xiao Tong (1997) — Actor

Wang Yu Wen (1997) — Actor

Amber Midthunder (1997 ) English, Hudeshabina Nakoda Sioux, Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux and Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate Dakota Sioux — Actor

Xu Jiao (1997) — Actor

Zhang Xue Ying/Zhang Sophie (1997) — Actor

Brianne Tju (1998) Chinese, Indonesian — Actor

Cheng Xiao (1998) — Idol

Chong Ting Yan/Elkie Chong (1998) Hongkonger — Idol.

Meng Mei Qi (1998) — Idol

Zhao Jia Min (1998) — Actor and Idol

Zhou Jieqiong/Kyulkung (1998 ) — Idol

Tiffany Espensen (1999) — Actor

Xiao Cai Qi (1999) — Actor

Auli’i Cravalho (2000) Native Hawaiian, Portuguese, Puerto Rican, Irish, Chinese — Actress and Singer.

Ou Yang Na Na (2000) — Actor

Haley Tju (2001) Chinese, Indonesian — Actor

Jiang Yi Yi (2001) — Actor

Liu Xin Qi (?) — Actor

Zang Hong Na (?) — Actor

Zhang Xin Yuan (?) — Model

Sijia Kang (?) — Model

Ling Chen (?) — Model

Liu Shihan (?) — Model — Trans

Brandi Kinard (?) Muscogee, Chinese, Black, Irish — Model

Vanessa Hong (?) — Model

Xinzi Wang (?) — Model

Faye Kingslee (?) Chinese / White — Actor

Problematic:

Sandrine Holt (1972) ½ Chinese ½ French — Actor and Model — played the character of Annuka, an Algonquin character. And in Pocahontas: The Legend. Pocahontas, a Pamunkey girl.

Kelsey Chow (1991) Chinese, English — Actor — claimed to be Cherokee and took Native roles when she is not.

Chloe Bennet (1992) ½ White-American, ½ Chinese — Actor — supports Logan Paul.

Courtney Eaton (1996) ½ Chinese, Maori, Cook Islander ½ English — Actor — played an Egyptian.

MALE:

Tommy Chong (1938) Scottish-Irish, Chinese — Actor and Comedian

Kenny Ho (1959) Hongkonger — Actor

Waise Lee (1959) Hongkonger — Actor

Berg Ng (1960) Hongkonger — Actor

Robin Shou (1960) Hongkonger — Actor and Martial Artist

Dayo Wong (1960) Hongkonger — Actor and Comedian

Tin Kai-man (1961) Hongkonger — Actor

Jacky Cheung (1961) — Actor and Singer

Felix Wong (1961) Hongkonger — Actor

Andy Lau (1961) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Elvis Tsui (1961) — Actor

Anthony Wong (1961) — Actor

Tony Leung (1962) — Actor and Singer.

Tony Leung Chiu-wai (1962) Hongkonger — Actor

Stephen Chow (1962) Hongkonger — Actor

Alex To (1962) ½ Filipino ½ Chinese — Actor and Singer

Gilbert Lam (1962) Hongkonger — Actor

Gallen Lo (1962) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Russell Wong (1963) ½ Chinese ½ Dutch, French — Actor

Alex Fong (1963) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Chin Siu-ho (1963) — Actor and Martial Artist

Sun Xing (1963) Malaysian Chinese / Chinese — Actor and Singer

Roy Cheung (1963) Hongkonger — Actor

Donnie Yen (1963) — Actor and Martial Artist

Siu-Fai Cheung (1963) Hongkonger — Actor

Jet Li (1963) — Actor and Martial Artist

Tats Lau (1963) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Tse Kwan-ho (1963) Hongkonger — Actor

Russell Wong (1963) ½ Chinese ½ Dutch, French — Actor

Kenneth Chan Kai-tai (1964) Hongkonger — Actor and TV Host

Roger Kwok (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Joe Ma (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

David Siu (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Lam Suet (1964) — Actor

Deric Wan (1964) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Joey Leung (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Wayne Lai (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Bowie Lam (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Ching Wan Lau (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Derek Kok (1964) Hongkonger — Actor

Nick Cheung (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Richard Yap (1967) — Actor and Model

Aaron Kwok (1965) Hongkonger — Actor, Singer and Dancer

Dicky Cheung (1965) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Vincent Kok (1965) Hongkonger — Actor

Hung Yan-yan (1965) — Actor, Martial Artist and Stuntman

Eric Kot (1966) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Leon Lai (1966) Hakka Chinese — Actor and Singer

Philip Keung (1965) Hongkonger — Actor

Wong He (1967) Hongkonger — Actor, Singer and Presenter

Stephen Au (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Marco Ngai (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Louis Yuen (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Frankie Lam (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Jan Lamb (1967) Hongkonger / Chinese — Actor and Singer

Byron Mann (1967) — Actor

Gordon Lam (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Ben Wong (1967) Hongkonger — Actor

Evergreen Mak Cheung-ching (1967) Hongkonger.

Sunny Chan (1967) — Actor

Andy Hui (1967) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Jordan Chan (1967) Hongkonger — Actor and Singer

Ekin Cheng (1967) — Actor and Singer

Hu Jun (1968) — Actor

Zhang Xiao Long (1969) — Actor

Joel de la Fuente (1969) Filipino, Chinese, Malaysian, Spanish, Portugese — Actor

Anthony Ruivivar (1970) ½ Filipino, Chinese, Spanish ½ German, Scottish — Actor

Huang Lei (1971) — Actor and Screenwriter

Tom Wu (1972) Hongkonger — Actor

Lau Hawick (1974) — Actor

Wallace Chung (1974) Hongkonger — Actor

Daniel Chan Hui Tung (1975) Hongkonger — Actor

Chen Kun (1976) — Actor

Feng Zu (1977) — Actor

Lu Yi (1976) — Actor

Jin Dong (1976) — Actor

Huang Xiao Ming (1977) — Actor

Qiao Zhen Yu (1978) —Actor

Wang Xiao (1978) — Actor

Yang Zhi Gang (1978) — Actor

Yan Kuan/Kevin Yan (1979) — Actor

Chen Hing Wa/Edison Chen (1980) 87.5% Hongkonger 12.5% Portuguese — Actor and Musician.

Han Dong (1980) — Actor and Singer

Zhang Dan Feng/Zhang Andy (1981) — Actor

Li Guang Jie (1981) — Actor

Luo Jin (1981) — Actor and Singer

hou Yi Wei (1982) — Actor

Abe Tsuyoshi (1982) ¼ Japanese, ¾ Chinese — Actor

Harry Shum Jr. (1982) ½ Chinese ½ Hongkonger — Actor

Qi Ji (1982) — Actor

Wang Kai (1982) — Actor

Vincent Rodriguez III (1982) Filipino, Chinese, Spanish — Actor and Singer

Yuan Justin (1982) — Actor

Gao Wei Guang/Gao Vengo (1983) — Actor

Sun Jian (1983) — Actor

Sun Yi Zhou/Sean Sun (1983) — Actor

Xu Hai Qiao/Xu Joe (1983) — Actor

Zhang Xiao Chen/Edward Zhang (1983) — Actor

Song Min Yu (1984) — Actor

Dai Yang Tian/Dai Xiang Yu (1984) — Actor

Godfrey Gao (1984) ½ Taiwanese, ½ Peranakan Chinese — Actor

Liu Chang De (1984) — Actor

Ye Zu Xin (1984) — Actor

Zhang Han (1984) — Actor

Zhang He (1984) — Actor and Idol

Huang Xuan (1985) — Actor

Chen Wei Ting/William Chan (1985) Hongkonger — Actor

Max Minghella (1985) Italian, Hongkonger, Chinese, Jewish, Indian Parsi, English, Irish, Swedish — Actor

Xu Zheng Xi/Tsui Jeremy (1985) — Actor

Wei Chen (1986) — Actor and Singer

Chan Ka Lok/Carlos Chan (1986) Hongkonger — Actor

Huang Ming (1986) — Actor

Jing Chao (1986) — Actor

Liu Chang (1986) — Actor and Model

Ma Tian Yu (1986) — Actor

Mao Zi Jun (1986) — Actor

Wang Zheng (1986) — Actor

Peng Guan Ying (1986) — Actor

Yin Zheng/Andrew Tin (1986) — Actor

Zheng Kai (1986) — Actor

Zhou Mi (1986) — Actor and Idol

Zhu Zi Xiao/Zhu Peer (1986) — Actor

Aarif Rahman (1987) Chinese, Arab-Malaysian, Hongkonger — Actor

Fu Xin Bo (1987) — Actor

Lewis Tan (1987) ½ Irish, ½ Chinese — Actor

Shannon Kook (1987) ½ Chinese ½ Mixed South African — Actor

Wei Qian Xiang/Shawn Wei (1987) — Actor

Wu Hao Ze (1987) — Actor

Yang Le (1987) — Actor

Chen Xiao/Xiao Xiao (1987) — Actor

Guo Jia Hao (1987) — Actor

Li Yifeng (1987) — Actor

Ludi Lin (1987) — Actor

Yu Hao Ming (1987) — Actor and Singer

Jin Hao/Jin Vernon (1988) — Actor

Steven R. McQueen (1988) 75% mix of Scottish, English, German, Scots-Irish/Northern Irish, distant Cornish, Dutch, and Welsh25% mix of Filipino [Kapampangan, Waray], Spanish, Catalan, Basque, Chinese — Actor

Lin Geng Xin (1988) — Actor

Meng Rui (1988) — Actor

Xu Feng (1988) — Actor

Zhang Yun Long/Zhang Leon (1988) — Actor

Dou Xiao (1988) — Actor

Fu Long Fei (1988) — Actor

Li Xin Liang (1988) — Actor

Nichkhun (1988) — Actor and Idol

Lou Yun Xi (1988) — Actor

Yu Meng Long/Alan Yu (1988) — Actor

Zhu Yi Long (1988) — Actor

Gao Han Yu (1989) — Actor

Chen Xiang/Sean Chen (1989) — Actor

Wang Yan Lin (1989) — Actor

Zhang Xiao Qian (1989) — Actor

Wei Da Xuan (1989) — Actor

Cui Hang (1989) — Actor

Xu Jia Wei (1989) — Actor

Henry Lau (1989) Hongkonger, Taiwanese —Actor and Idol

Jing Boran (1989) ⅛ Russian, ⅞ Chinese — Actor and Singer

Ren Jia Lun (1989) — Actor and Singer

Sam Tsui (1989) European, Hongkonger — Singer

Boran Jing (1989) — Singer and Actor

Bai yu/Bai White (1990) — Actor

Fu Jia (1990) — Actor

Hu Xia (1990) — Actor

Shu Ya Xin (1990) — Actor

Ma Ke/Mark Ma (1990) — Actor

Zhang Yu Jian (1990) — Actor

Chai Ge (1990) — Actor

Chen Xue Dong/Chen Cheney (1990) — Actor

Cheng Yi (1990) — Actor

Liu Rui Lin (1990) — Actor

Mai Heng Li/Prince Mak (1990) — Idol

Wu Yifan/Kris Wu (1990) — Actor and Singer

Xu Ke (1990) — Actor

Zhou Yixuan (1990) — Actor and Idol

Lu Han (1990) — Actor and Singer

Jiang Chao (1991) — Actor and Idol

Allen Ye (1991) — Model

Kong Chui Nan/Kong Korn (1991) — Actor

Gao Tai Yu (1991) — Actor

Han Cheng Yu (1991) — Actor

Jiang Jin Fu (1991) — Actor

Qin Jun Jie (1991) — Actor

Adam Chicksen (1991) English, Zimbabwean, Chinese — Footballer

Xiao Zhan (1991) — Actor

Yang Yang (1991) — Actor

Yao Lucas (1991) — Actor

Zhang Yixing/Lay (1991) — Actor and Idol

Zhang Zhe Han (1991) — Actor

Lu Zhuo (1992) — Actor

Fan Shi Qi/Fan Kris (1992) — Actor

AJ Muhlach (1992) Filipino (including Bicolano), Chinese, Spanish — Singer

Deng Lun (1992) — Actor

Feng Jian Yu (1992) — Actor

Bai Cheng Jun (1992) — Actor

Cai Zhao (1992) — Actor

Gong Jun (1992) — Actor

Han Dong Jun/Elvis Han (1992) — Actor

Huang Jing Yu/Huang Johnny (1992) — Actor

Niu Jun Feng (1992) — Actor

Ou Hao (1992) — Actor

Sheng Yi Lun/Peter Sheng (1992) — Actor

Zhang Bin Bin/Zhang Vin (1993) — Actor

Jia Zheng Yu (1993) — Actor

Tong Meng Shi (1993) — Actor

Wang Qing (1993) — Actor

Bai Jing Ting (1993) — Actor

Dong Zi Jian (1993) — Actor

Du Tian Hao (1993) — Actor

Huang Li Ge (1993) — Actor

Huang Zitao (1993) — Actor and Singer

Jin Han (1993) — Actor

Nomura Shuhei (1993) ¼ Chinese, ¾ Japanese — Actor

Pan Zi Jian (1993) — Actor

Wu Jia Cheng (1993) — Actor and Singer

Zheng Ye Cheng (1993) — Actor

Yang Xu Wen (1994) — Actor

Liu Dong Qin (1994) — Actor

Chen Qiu Shi (1994) — Actor

Chen Ruo Xuan (1994) — Actor

Li Wenhan (1994) — Actor and Idol

Peng Yu Chang (1994) — Actor

You Zhangjing (1994) — Singer

Wang Bo Wen (1994) — Actor and Singer

Xu Wei Zhou (1994) — Actor

Yan Zi Dong (1994) — Actor

Yang Ye Ming (1994) — Actor

Yu Xiao Tong (1994) — Actor

Guan Hong (1995) — Actor

Alen Rios (1995) Mexican, Guatemalan, Chinese, German — Actor

Jiang Zi Le (1995) — Actor

David Yang (1995) — Model

Brandon Soo Hoo (1995) — Actor

Chen Wen (1995) — Actor

Zhang Ming En (1995) — Actor

Lin Feng Song (1996) — Actor

Wen Junhui (1996) — Idol

Leo Sheng (1996) — Youtuber — Trans

Dong Sicheng/WinWin (1997) — Idol

Gong Zheng (1997) — Actor

Guo Jun Chen (1997) — Actor

Liu Hao Ran (1997) — Actor

Luo Yi Hang (1997)

Wang Yibo (1997) — Actor and Idol

Xu Ming Hao (1997) — Idol

Zeng Shun Xi (1997) — Actor

Zhang Jiong Min (1997) — Actor

Yuan Bo (1997) — Model

Hu Xu Chen (1998) — Actor

Huang Jun Jie (1998) — Actor

Song Wei Long (1999) — Actor

Wang Jun Kai (1999) — Actor and Idol

Wu Lei/Leo Wu (1999) — Actor

Zhang Yi Jie (1999) — Actor

Song Weilong (1999) — Actor and Model

Huang Ren Jun (2000) — Idol

Jackson Yi (2000) — Actor and Idol

Marius Yo (2000) Japanese, Chinese / German — Actor and Singer

Wang Yuan/Roy Wang (2000) — Actor and Idol

Gong Zheng Nan (?) — Actor

Ho Hou Man/Ho Dominic (?) — Idol and Actor

Liang Zhen Lun (?) — Actor

Xiao Meng (?) — Actor and Makeup Artist.

Hao Yun Xian (?) — Model

Akeem Osborne (?) Jamaican, British, Chinese — Model

Jaime M. Callica (?) Trinidadian, Chinese, Indian, Spanish — Actor

Problematic:

B.D. Wong (1960) — Actor — played trans woman.

Ross Butler (1990) ½ Chinese-Malaysian ½ British Dutch — Actor — 13 Reason Why.

Jackson Wang (1994) Hongkonger — Idol — cultural appropriation. .

Non-Binary:

Chella Man (1998) Chinese, Jewish — Genderqueer (he/him) — deaf — Model