#Legionaires disease

[reasoningdaily]

Federal building employees push for temporary closure over Legionella concerns

DETROIT (WXYZ) — Employees working at the Patrick McNamara Federal building in downtown Detroit are pushing to have it temporarily closed for Legionella concerns.

7 Action News first reported on issues within the building in December after the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) found elevated levels of lead, copper, and legionella in water in several sites throughout the building.

Ingesting copper, lead, and Legionella in drinking water can cause digestive issues, brain damage, and Legionnaire's disease among other health issues.

A group of employees working at the federal building say the 7 Action News December report was the first time they’d even been notified. At least two more agencies with office spaces at the McNamara building have moved to remote work or deployed workers to other facilities after hearing the report. Now employees say they want the building closed until GSA can 100% guarantee the building is safe.

"I don’t believe GSA is totally providing all information that they know. That makes it even scarier," said Monique Buchanan who has worked in the federal building for 15 years.

Buchanan is the president of AFGE Local 3239, which in part represents employees at the Social Security Field Office. She says she believes employees may have been ingesting the chemicals and bacteria for much longer than they realize.

"GSA has not identified at the earliest point that egionella and copper and lead has been in the water. My assumption is because we were on mandatory telework until about March of 2022, I am assuming when we re-entered the sites, this was there waiting on us. And I believe we’ve been taking in this water, washing our hands, breathing in the steam from hot water since at least March of 2022," said Buchanan.

Reports sent to building employees show over the last few months, GSA has run multiple tests at 120 sites. A November round of testing showed multiple sites with uncontrolled or poorly controlled levels of lead, copper, and Legionella.

Jan 2024 Report (December Testing) by WXYZ-TV Channel 7 Detroit on Scribd

After taking several problem fountains and bathrooms out of service and performing enhanced flushing, GSA sent a letter stating that a December round of testing showed only one site still had elevated levels of copper. The letter also showed five sites including the bathrooms on the 21st floor still have uncontrolled levels of Legionella. It's unclear what percentage of total sites the 120 samples represent.

Employees say it's especially concerning because they service so many vulnerable populations.

"We have a range of public that comes into our buildings that rely on us of course for service primarily but, secondly their assumption is that they’re in a safe facility because it’s a federal site," said Buchanan. "The public will not access water fountains and water sites that are closed off but the areas that have not yet been tested, which is 75% of the building, is not closed off. So there are sites where potentially there is harm."

Greg Senden represents employees at another office within the building and says GSA has not been transparent enough throughout this process.

"I guess our concern is that GSA is not doing the job that they should be doing to maintain and keep the buildings that they operate safe," said Senden. "I would like to see GSA be more forthcoming with information. I would like to have the public and the employees that work in this building be made aware of what the issues are so they can decide for themselves whether it’s safe for them to be in the building."

Friday morning, 7 Action News reached out to GSA for a comment on what has been done to remedy the water issues since our December report however no one was immediately available.

The agency sent the following statement last month:

The safety of federal employees, the public and contractors working in federal buildings is GSA’s highest priority. Water tests conducted on Nov. 8 at the Patrick V. McNamara Federal Building in Detroit determined elevated levels of Legionella in specific test points. GSA follows CDC guidance in addressing the risk of Legionella related illness. Immediately after receiving these test results, GSA notified building occupants, shut off the affected water outlets and restricted access to the outlets. In addition, GSA is continuing to flush water through these points while developing a full building water flushing and sampling testing plan. Additional testing is being conducted on the elevated test points. GSA continues to keep building occupants apprised of the latest safety precautions in place. Tanya Schusler Regional Public Affairs Officer  U.S. General Services Administration

"The goal here is not to point fingers or blame anyone. The goal here is just to make sure we have a safe facility here," said Buchanan.

Employees say they have also reached out to lawmakers to put pressure on GSA to remedy the issue. Senator Gary Peters who also has an office in the federal building sent the following:

“This is simply unacceptable. Members of the public who visit this building to access critical services, as well as the dedicated employees who work there, need to know that the water they are using is safe. I’ll continue pressing the General Services Administration to quickly and completely resolve this issue, and ensure they are responding to concerns like these effectively moving forward.” Senator Gary Peters (D-MI) Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee

Testing at water sites within the building is still ongoing. The next round is expected later this month.

[1977-1981-the-era-of-music]

Now Playing...

Artist: Legionaire's Disease Band

Title: Rather See You Dead (Than With Wool On Your Head)

Album: Rather See You Dead (Than With Wool On Your Head) Single

Played on: Fri Nov 22 2024 14:09:23 GMT-0600 (Central Standard Time)

#Legionaire's Disease Band #1977 to 1981 ERA OF MUSIC

[druizka]

One time, I caught Legionaires Disease from cleaning the latrine in an old barracks. Nobody could figure out why I was so sick and why no medicines alleviated my struggles.

You know you've fucked up when you go to a doctor and the thing you have wrong with you has been named after an occupation that isn't a thing anymore. Like imagine a doctor looking at you and going "yeah you've got ox-drawn ploughman's disease. We don't even test for that anymore. Yeah the reason you've never heard of it is because the last known case was in 1927 and happened to some guy who was like 98 years old and didn't believe in modern medicine of the time. What the fuck have you been up to."

[emperor-expunged]

legionaires disease has a very cool name and you can get it by drinking water from the air conditioner which is also very cool but the symptoms,,, not nearly as cool

[dr-archeville]

From gyms to restaurants, skyscrapers and sports stadiums, all of these buildings left closed and empty by the pandemic have actually raised the danger of a totally different health risk that could rear its head as businesses reopen - a potentially lethal lung infection called Legionnaires' disease.

The problem is the water pipes.

Molly Scanlon is an environmental health scientist:

"If the building has been shut down for more than 21 to 30 days or longer, that water becomes stagnant and by stagnant, the water that was delivered by the municipality had some form of a disinfectant in it, usually chlorine.  And, you know, when you drink your water, you may smell chlorine.  That goes away as it sits over time.  And what happens is when there's no disinfectant in the water, bacteria can amplify in the water system, and that can happen in any water system."

So the old water needs to be removed.  Flush your pipes or risk infection.  That means air conditioning, hot tubs, showers, et cetera.

And if you have to service a potentially stagnant water system, Scanlon and other experts say wear gloves and a mask.

Legionnaires can't be transmitted from person to person, but does have a death rate of about 1 in 10, according to the CDC.

It's named for a deadly outbreak at an American Legion convention in the 1970s.

There's also another problem: It has symptoms very similar to COVID-19.

"You could imagine if a business opened up and multiple employees suddenly got sick at the same time. Would people really be thinking of Legionnaire's disease or they'd be thinking of COVID-19?  And we wouldn't want that happening, and then not have the health care community even aware that they need to raise their awareness about what they might be diagnosing that's coming in their door."

"It would be a shame to have an unintended consequence after surviving something like this and stumble into it.  And it's just 100% preventable if we would just get building owners to take this seriously, go back to business.  They'll probably be doing other safety checks they they're going to do, rely on this, and we just want to remind people that the building's water system is equally important to that safety check.

---

[bpod-bpod]

Shoot Out

Bacteria often use sophisticated weaponry to pump human cells full of toxins. Legionella pneumophila (among other bacterial invaders) use this ‘Type IV secretion system’ to inject their hosts with around 300 molecules per 'shot'. This 3D computer model pieces together clues from electron cryotomography – examining the molecular mechanics in detail – followed by fluorescence microscopy to watch how they assemble and move. With its artificially-coloured red 'barrel' imbedded in a host cell, chambers around the outside of the tiny protein machine help to trigger the release of toxins. Knowing more about how all these mechanisms work together, scientists are developing new antibiotics to specifically disarm these bacterial 'guns' in the fight against Legionnaire’s disease, whooping cough and certain types of cancer.

Written by John Ankers

Video from work by Debnath Ghosal and Kwangcheol C. Jeong, and colleagues

Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA

Video copyright held by Nature Publishing Group 2019; reproduced with permission

Published in Nature Microbiology, April 2019

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

[legionellariskassessmentleeds]

What is Legionella Risk Assessment?

To clarify what legionella hazard evaluation is, I believe I should initially clarify what legionella is. Legionella is a conceivably lethal irresistible sickness. It's a kind of pneumonia which flourishes in warm conditions at temperatures from 25 - 45 celsius. Any age gathering can be in danger of legionella contamination if occupant of working in a climate which is viewed as high danger. Be that as it may, men beyond 50 years old, specifically those men who smoke are of higher danger of contamination.

Legionellosis has 2 structures; legionaires' sickness and Pontiac fever. Legionaires' sickness causes pneumonia and can cause demise, while Pontiac fever is a lot milder ailment normally like an awful instance of flu. While a few group who get contaminated with legionella bacterium just experience the ill effects of minor sickness a modest number lamentably kick the bucket from the infection.

Legionella or bacterium legionalla pneumophila can be found in limited quantities inside the climate around us, in common wellsprings of water, for example, springs and lakes and represents no danger of contamination to people.

Hazard of Legionella Infection from Domestic Water Supplies

Legionella can be found in a lot higher focuses in any case, inside man-made water supply frameworks, like hot and cold homegrown water pipes and inside industry. In the event that conditions are appropriate the microscopic organisms can duplicate and colonize the framework, expanding the danger of legionella contamination. Especially if the water framework is associated with a shower or splash tap, since it is in these circumstances that people can get tainted with legionella by breathing in sullied respirable drops or pressurized canned products. Get More Info legionella risk assessment leeds

The high danger of experiencing a legionella disease water supplies, specific inside work environment conditions, has been extensively decreased by more tight wellbeing and security guidelines being brought into power. The Health and Safety at Work Act, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health or COSHH Regulations and The Control of Legionella Bacteria in Water Systems guidelines help guarantee that businesses keep up their water frameworks to an appropriately significant level that contaminations are kept to a base in the UK.

Legionella Risk Assessment Services

The requirement of guidelines concerning water frameworks in work environments, for example, relaxation focuses, schools or colleges, mechanical plants, care homes and office blocks, is the work of natural wellbeing workplaces and organizations that do legionella hazard evaluation administrations.

Such legionella hazard appraisal suppliers offer a bundle of administrations that limits the quantity of legionella contaminations by guaranteeing that official rules are met. They do legionella evaluations, which can include standard investigation, checking, cleaning and record keeping of information for examination. Just as suggestions for how your own individuals from staff can execute a Legionella Control Scheme where by they deal with the danger of legionella themselves.

Furthermore legionella hazard evaluation organizations give advantageous preparing to individuals from your staff, whom you've given obligation regarding upholding the Legionella Control Scheme and complete autonomous legionella control reviews to keep up the adequacy of your in-house legionella control plot.

Legionella Symptoms and Treatment

Those experiencing being contaminated with legionaires' infection will in general have a fever, the chills and a dry hack, yet additionally can experience the ill effects of muscle throbs, migraines, sluggishness and loss of hunger and coordination or ataxia. For some situation individuals who have gotten tainted, experience the runs and heaving.

The most widely recognized treatment for diseases of legionella, is with anti-microbials. Grown-ups of 18 and over are endorsed levofloxacin and azithromycin, while those experiencing legionella diseases of the age of 12 to 18 are given antibiotic medications. The viability of utilizing anti-microbials these days is significantly higher than in the 1970's, death rates whenever endorsed rapidly after contamination are around 5%.

[august-cabin7]

One one hand: lmao, Taiwan CDC said “cells at work did a pretty dexent enough job at getting people to pay attention to inner body stuff. So more anime style stuff it is!!

On the other hand: dude... why am i seriously thinking to myself “dang.... Covid and Rubella lookin attractive af”

Its time to go to bed. Good night

@casskhaw on Twitter: Taiwan’s CDC has created anime villain renditions of various diseases, and I just… *blink* (source)

I’m not 100% comfortable with the fact that the diseases all seem to be sexy and feminine-coded, while Quarantine is a Dude In Charge.

However: helllooooooo, Quarantine, amirite?

[longwindedbore]

What kind of wing-nut fails to get a polio vaccination?

How about tetanus?

Not getting a shot because there’s *something* in a medical vaccine created in a sterile lab?

*Something* WORSE than the 1,700 carcinogens and poisons in US food and grooming products but which are illegal in the EU?

WORSE than the lead pipes STILL supplying water to 22 million US residents?

WORSE than the smog of pre-catalytic converter US car exhausts or the fog of cigarette smoke we used to stumble through?

Ye gods! Just this week Polio, Monkeypox, mutating Covid, Legionaires’ disease, West Nile virus…did I miss anything?

Failure to take basic precautions.

That would be like the military setting up burn pits adjacent to where the troops slept. Or the residents of the Surfside Tower co-op failing to address the burgeoning structural cracks and concern of the structural engineers.

Or the Trump Administration letting 20 million doses of the Monkeypox vaccine disappear, go bad, or whatever. Or the same administration gutting the FDA and then look blank when there is a bacteria outbreak in the one plant making half the baby formula in the US.

Stupidity permeates our dysfunctional dystopia.

[jshatan]

It’s day 25 of the #loversvinylchallenge hosted by @djpennylane and @captain_dan75: Morticia & Gomez - Creepy Cover. Legionaire’s Disease Band - I’d Rather See You Dead (Than With Wool On Your Head) b/w Downtown (Lunar Lab, 1979) I always though this was super-creepy, ghoulish even, made even more so by this poorly printed later pressing. That feeling that you’re seeing something you shouldn’t be seeing - someone’s family member in an open casket - is powerful. It’s also a great song, the kind of two-chord wonder that my high school band (the Young Aborigines) liked to play in rehearsal, although we could never match the way the singer said “Bahhhhh” with such nihilistic contempt! #vinyl #vinylcollection #vinylgram #februaryvinylchallenge #vinylgeek #vinylcollector #vinylcollection #records #vinylchallenge #vinylcommunity #punk #45rpm #45rpmclub #seveninchvinyl https://www.instagram.com/p/CaaxvzEgyf7/?utm_medium=tumblr

[571plumber]

You hear alot about Legionaires Disease in relation to Hot water temperature, what is it really? Legionella was discovered after an outbreak in 1976 among people who went to a Philadelphia convention of the American Legion. Those who were affected suffered from a type of pneumonia (lung infection) that eventually became known as Legionnaires' disease. Legionnaires' disease is a severe, often lethal, form of pneumonia. It's caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila found in both potable and nonpotable water systems. Each year, an estimated 10,000 to 18,000 people are infected with the Legionella bacteria in the United States. You can't catch legionnaires' disease from person-to-person contact. Instead, most people get legionnaires' disease from inhaling the bacteria. Older adults, smokers and people with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to legionnaires' disease. Most people become infected when they inhale microscopic water droplets containing legionella bacteria. This might be the spray from a shower, faucet or whirlpool, or water dispersed through the ventilation system in a large building. Outbreaks have been linked to a range of sources, including: Hot tubs and whirlpools on cruise ships Grocery store mist machines Cooling towers in air conditioning systems Decorative fountains Swimming pools Physical therapy equipment Water systems in hotels, hospitals and nursing homes (703) 878-7800 (571) PLUMBER #woodbridgeva #lakeridgeva #montclairva #dumfriesva #alexandriava #arlingtonva #dalecityva #manassasva #manassasparkva #occoquanva #herdonva #dumfriesva #fairfaxva #annandaleva #springfieldva #cilftonva #tysonscorner #greatfallsva #mcleanva #viennava #burkeva #oaktonva #centrevilleva #northernvirginia #fairfaxcountyva #princewilliamcountyva #plumber #plumbers #plumbing #571plumber. https://www.instagram.com/p/CBiRNGfJBZF/?igshid=sp0566vu5fvc

[siva3155]

300+ TOP MICROBIOLOGY Objective Questions and Answers

MICROBIOLOGY Multiple Choice Questions :-

1. cephalosporin? A. affects protzoal metabolism B. affects fungal nucleic acid synthesis C. inhibits RNA synthesis D. inhibits cell wall synthesis Ans: D 2. acid fast bacteria? A. cell walls with mycolic acid B. exotoxin production C. skin infections that can lead to septicimia D. diseases that come in stages E. diarrhea of varying degrees Ans:A 3. which have mulitple intermeidate host and forms? A. flatworms B. roundworms Ans:A 4. a rancher that has been process deer sking comes down with an eschar on his forearm. This could mean that he has? A. tetanus B. listeriosis C. cutaneous anthrax D. a tattoo Ans:C 6. typhoid fever? A. respiratory B. urogential C. nervous, fever, eyes D. gastrointesntinal E. skin F. muscles Ans: D 7. warm moist conditions like houston favor the transmission of respiratory fungal disease? A. true B. false Ans: B 8. interferon has an innate ability to fight viral infections and is always circulating in the body? A. true B. false Ans: B 9. meningitis is an infection of? A. the peripheral nervous system B. the spinal cord and brain C. the covering of the spinal cord and brain D. the blood brain barrier Ans: B 10. sulfanilamide? A. competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis B. affects fungal nucleic acid synthesis C. inhibits function of cell membrane D. inhibits RNA synthesis Ans: A

MICROBIOLOGY MCQs 11. involves heat, redness, swelling, and pain? A. inflammation B. cell mediated response C. humoral response D. complement cascade Ans: A 12. is a protective covering for the genome? A. the capsid B. the genome C. the envelope D. the capsomere Ans: A 13. the fungus candida causes? A. vaginal yeast infections B. thrush of the mouth C. infections in canadians D. a and b Ans: D 14. HAI? A. degree of pathogenicity B. world wide outbreak of disease C. vector of infection D. spread while staying at hospital Ans: D 15. streptococcal pneumonia? A. respiratory B. urogential C. nervous, fever, eyes D. gastrointestinal E. skin F. muscles Ans: A 16. long term effects of strep throat can include? A. rheumatic fever B. glomerulonephritis C. encephalitis D. death Ans: A 17. what types of foods are associated with the diarrheal form of bacillus food poisoning? A. starchy B. meat C. veggies D. candy Ans: B 18. syphilis cases at local clinic at 5 year high? A. outbreak B. epidemic C. endemic D. pandemic Ans: C 19. mycelium? A. fungus B. bacteria C. protozoa D. algae E. virus Ans: A 20. hepatitis viruses attack the liver which results in which of the following symptoms except? A. jaundice B. dark urine C. light colored feces D. macropapular rash Ans: D 21. tinea infections are all caused by the same fungus? A. true B. false Ans: B 22. hemolytic streptococcus? A. cell walls with mycolic acid B. exotoxin production C. skin infections that can lead to septicimia D. diseases that come in stages E. diarrhea of varying diseases Ans: B 24. streptokinase? A. colonization of a niche in the host B. evasion of the hosts immune response C. inhibition/overstimulation of the hosts immune response D. obtaining nutrition from the host E. exotoxin Ans: B 25. what age group is at most risk for legionelliosis? A. youngins B. teenagers C. adults D. old folks Ans: D 26. pneumonia is simply? A. a disease affecting the very young and the elderly B. fluid in the lungs C. caused by a wide variety of oraganisms D. all of the above E. b and c only Ans: D 27. pandemic? A. worldwide outbreak of disease B. disease outbreak C. disease that is easily spread D. vector of infection Ans: A 28. why are pseudomonas infectious difficult to treat and prevent? A. the bacteria is highly resistant to detergents and antibiotics B. metabolically versatile C. it is found everywhere D. causes nosocomal infections Ans: B 29. A complication of camplyobacter jejuni infection is? A. ulcerative peritonitis B. toxic megacolon C. gullian barre syndrome D. all of the above Ans: C 30. the total magnification of a microscope is equal to? A. the magnification of the objective lens x the number of eye pieces B. the maginification of the objective x the magnification of the ocular C. the total of all of the objectives D. the price of the microscope E. none of the above Ans: B 31. hansens disease (leprosy)? A. respiratory B. urogenital C. nervous, fever, eyes D. gastrointestinal E. skin F. muscles Ans: C 32. Hiv/aids cutting short the lives of young people worldwide? A. outbreak B. epidemic C. endemic D. pandemic Ans: D 33. may be either DNA or RNA but not both? A. the capsid B. the genome C. the envelope D. the capsomere Ans: B 34. why do you think that antibiotics such as penicillin cannot be used with bacteria like mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB? A. the cell walls of these organisms are not affected by penicillin B. the spores that are produced by TB cannot be killed by antibiotics C. the bacterium encyts within the body and cannot be killed with penicillin D. the baceterium is gram negative which are not killed as easily with penicillin Ans: A 35. btwn 1964 and 2009, the state with the highest incidence of SLE has been? A. NY B. TX C. FL D. OH Ans: B 36. what is pneumonia? A. result of a viral, bacterial fungal infection B. accumulation of fluid in the lungs C. can lead to endocarditis D. all of the above E. all but c Ans: E 37. roughly how many ppl on the planet are infected with mycobacterium tuerculosis? A. 1% B. 10% C. 20% D. 30% E. 50% Ans: D 38. why is treatment of tb so difficult? A. long time period of treatment C. MDR-TB is not treatable Ans: A 39. what is one of the biggest problems in preventing the spread of gonorrheal and chlamydia? A. people hate condoms B. it is mainly spread by young irresponible teenagers C. asymptomatic people dont realize they have it D. highly antibitoic resistant Ans: C 40. causes dilation of capillaries? A. inflammation B. cell mediated response C. humoral response D. complement cascade Ans: A 41. a flexible membrane composed of protein and lipid? A. the capsid B. the genome C. the envelope D. the capsomere Ans: C 42. mumps is a viral infection that affects what part of the body? A. my humps B. the ears C. the reproductive organs D. the parotid glands Ans: D 43. gonorrhea still a problem among teens? A. outbreak B. epidemic C. endemic D. pandemic Ans: C 44. which section shows a growth phase where the cells dividing at their maximum rate of division? A. a B. b C. c D. d Ans: B 45. gonorrhea? A. respiratory B. urogenital C. nervous, fever, eyes D. gastrointestinal E. skin F. muscles Ans: B 46. a man walks into a clinic and is complaining of an ulcerated lesion on his penis. It is painless and appears to be healing on its own. Which of the following would probably be the cause? A. chancroid B. syphilis C. gonorrhea D. chlamydia Ans: B 47. RNA viruses have genome that consists of RNA. What must a positive strand RNA virus do before it can replicate? A. nothing, it is ready to start translating protein B. it must make a positive strand RNA to be translated C. it must use reverse transcriptase to convert RNA to DNA D. it must become a prophage before replicating Ans: A 48. the microscope with high resolution and low maginification is better than a microscope with low resolution and high magnification? A. true B. false Ans: A 49. protects the fetus? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgM D. IgE E. IgG Ans: A 50. put these steps in the progression of TB in order a.macrophages attack bacteria b.bacteria spread through the rest of the body c.bacteria multiply within macrophage which from granuloma d.inhalation of bacteria e.macrophages form tubercules? A. edcba B. dbcae C. daceb D. decab Ans: C MICROBIOLOGY Objective Questions with Answers 51. found in tears? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgM D. IgG E. IgE Ans: A 52. the diploid form of fungi is refered to as a zygospore? A. true B. false Ans: A 53. In thioglycollate broth, a bacteria that are strictly anaerobic will grow? A. throughout the medium B. only at the top C. only at the bottom D. only in the middle Ans: C 54. hepatic cell carcinoma is associated with individuals with acute hep B infection? A. true B. false Ans: B 55. an experiment began with 4 cells and ended with 128 cells. How many generations did the cells go through? A. 64 B. 32 C. 6 D. 5 Ans: C 56. peptic ulcers? A. respiratory B. urogenital C. nervous, fever, eyes D. gastrointestinal E. skin F. muscles Ans: D 57. plamsa cells and memory cells? A. inflammation B. cell mediated response C. humoral response D. complement cascade Ans:C 58. what are some of the problems associated with BCG vaccine? A. not very effective B. results in positive skin test C. very expensive D. all of the above E. just a and b Ans: E 59. communicable? A. spread while staying at a hosptiba B. disease that is spread by direct contact C. disease that is easily spread D. inanimate object Ans: B 60. sterilization is defined as? A. removal of microbial contamination B. complete destruciton of all forms of life C. complete removal of vegatative cells D. removal of most microorganisms Ans: B 61. a substance that has been pasterized could also be considered to be steralized? A. true B. false Ans: B 62. legionaires disease? A. respiratory B. urogential C. nervous, fever, eyes D. gastrointestinal E. skin F. muscles Ans: A 63. which of the following are possible shapes of bacteria? A. spheres B. rods C. spirals D. star shapes E. green clovers and pink diamonds F. all are possible G. all except e Ans: G 64. which of the following statements about flourescence microscopy is true? A. fluorescent dyes are excited by specific wavelengths of light B. fluorescent dyes glow in the dark so light is not necessary C. the dyes coating a microscopic specimen are radioactive D. all are true E. noen are true Ans: A 65. a 20 year old car accident patient has surgery to repair a deep wound in the upper arm and should after being thrown from the car and into a field. 3 days after being sent home patient returns to the hospital in extreme pain, the area around the wound has turned black and the sutures have torn open because of the gas produced inside the wound. The infected area also smells terrible, much like road kill. This patient may be experienceing an infection with? A. clostridium botulinum B. clostridium tetani C. corynebacterium diptheriae D. bacillus anthracis E. none of the above Ans: E 66. MMR protects against what three diseases? A. measles, malaria, and rabies B. monkey pox, mumps, rabies C. measles, mumps, rubella D. none of the above Ans: C 68. which of the following takes a bigger ID (infectious dose) to cause illness? A. salmonella enterica B. salmonella typhi Ans: A 69. A 45 year old construction site worker recieves a deep puncture wound from a piece of sheet metal sticking out of the ground. The wound does not seem to be that bad and is not bleeding very much. 2 days later the wound is sore and red and patient is having muscle cramps in legs, neck, back and arms. what should she do? A. emergency room for tetanus treatment B. emergency room for gangrene treatment C. doctor office for wound cleaning and maybe stitches D. take some tylenol and rest for 1 day Ans: A 70. if you spray a disinfectant that is able to break down a lipid envelope, will it be effective against an enveloped virus? A. yes B. no Ans: A 71. Any fungal infection of the skin, hair or nails is called a? A. mycophytosis B. hairandnailopsis C. dermaphylosis D. dermatophytosis E. keratisis Ans: D 72. Oligodyanmic activity can be said to mean? A. a little bit works better than alot B. very fast acting C. works well with other chemcals D. extremely toxic Ans: A 73. jacob, and HIV postive male with advanced infection, presents witha 3 month history of increasing night sweats, fever, severe fatigue, and chills. on examination the patient has a distended abdomen and a enlarged liver, is anemic and has severe diarrhea. t cell counts reveal that hte patient has relatively few helper t cells in the blood. blood and stool cultures reveal small acid fast bacilli. he probably has A. MAC infection B. M tuberculosis C. syphilis D. gonorrhea E. could be any of the above F. a or b Ans: F 74. may contain enzymes to assist penetration? A. the capsid B. the genome C. the envelope D. the capsomere Ans: C 75. Which of the following arguments makes the most sense? A. parasites want to kill off the host as soon as possible B. parasites tend to feed off of their host little by little C. host/parasite relationship is very much like predator and prey D. none of the above Ans: B 76. patient comes to the doctors office vomiting and very ill. She says that she hadnt eaten anything until about 2 hours ago she had leftover macaroni and cheese at her grandmothers house. What is she probably sick with? A. gastrointestinal anthrax B. emetic form of bacillus food poisioning C. s aureus food poisoning D. something else Ans: B 77. The MHC proteins of cells? A. display antigens of self and non self origin B. interact with b cells and t cells C. activate and deactivate antibody production D. switch on and off interferon production E. a and b F. c and d Ans: E 78. one characteristic of fungal respiratory infections include all except which of the following? A. moist, wet conditions B. presence of fecal material C. dry dusty soil D. animals Ans: B 79. filariasis is caused when mosquitoes deliver worms that end up blocking? A. digestive system B. circulatory system C. lymphatic system D. nervous system Ans: C 80. which treatment is used for staphlococcal pneumonia? A. supportive only B. penicillin C. vancomycin D. a and c Ans: D 81. A medical student on an international program in namibia sees a 1 week old infant with an eye infection. there is also evidence of hordes of flies in the village that are constantly bothering the children. a sample of discharge from the eye found to contain encapsulated, paired, gram negative cocci. The kiddo has A. neonatal gonorrhea B. trachoma C. syphilis D. impossible to tell from the info given Ans: A 82. one characterisitc of typhoid fever is that after people become infected they A. recover completley B. feel fine but become carriers C. have s. typhi colonize their GI tract D. all of the above Ans: D 83. jenny a 29 yr old mother of 2 was at work and collapsed. she had been complaining of having "period like" symptoms with pain and cramping along with fever, headache, and a red sunburn rash. doctors did a spinal tap and it the fluid came out clear with no sign of diplococci. jenny was rapidly deteriorating and experience mulit organ shut down. multiple antibiotics were given and she recovered in 6 weeks total and has permanent kidney damage. jenny was most likely experiencing A. scalded skin syndrome from staph aureus B. follicultitis followed by septicemia from s. aureus C. s. aureus toxic shock syndrome D. anthrax Ans: C 84. antibodies? A. infammation B. cell mediated response C. humoral response D. complement cascade Ans: C 85. Polio is primarily a disease that affects? A. the gastrointestinal system B. the central nervous system C. muscles and skeleton D. the respiratory system Ans: B 86. toxic shock toxin? A. colonization of a niche in the host B. evasion of the hosts immune response C. inhibition/overstimulation of the hosts immune response D. obtaining nutrition from the host E. exotoxin Ans: C 87. which section of the graph shows where the number of cells dividing is equal the number of cells dying? A. a B. b C. c D. d Ans: C 88. found bound to mast cells and b cells? A. IgA B. IgG C. IgD D. IgM E. IgE Ans: C 89. E Coli 0157:H7? A. respiratory B. urogenital C. nervous, fever, eyes D. gastrointestinal E. skin F. muscles Ans: D 90. a conditon called elephantitis may develop in one who? A. has consumed raw beef B. has been bitten by an infected mosquitio C. walks about in warm moist soil without shoes D. uses manure in the farm fields Ans: B 91. Gas gangrene is a result of type 2 exotoxins. Which of the following describes this class of toxins? A. they are 2 part toxins B. they are the outer LPS layer of gram negative bacteria C. the cause major over reaction of immune system D. they damage cell membranes Ans: D 92. how are gram positive and gram negative cell walls different? A. gram negative cells have a single layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane and gram positive cells have a thick layer with teichoic acids B. gram positive cells have a single layer of peptidoglycan and a periplasmic space while gram negative cells have a thick layer with teichoic acid C. gram negative cell walls have a thich layer of peptidoglycan and gram positive cells have no peptidoglycan but have teichoic and mycolic acids D. none of the above Ans: A 93. most fungi grows best with oxygen, at room temp and under ________ conditions? A. slightly acidic B. slightly basic C. neutral pH D. dark Ans: A 94. Epitopes are? A. specific part of antigen that is reactive B. part of the antigen to which antibody binds C. small molecules that couple to carrier proteins D. the protein of antigen that is displayed on MHC Ans: B 95. pyrogens? A. kills cells infected with virus B. stimulates fever C. oily goo on the skin D. kills gram positive bacateria Ans: B 96. pentameric antibody? A. IgA B. IgG C. IgD D. IgM E. IgE Ans: D 97. photosynthetic eukarya? A. fungus B. protozoa C. bacteria D. algae E. virus Ans: D 98. anthrax is dose dependent. What does that mean? A. different numbers of spores are needed for the different portals of entry B. to cure it requires different dosages of ciprofloxin C. different people require different doses to get infected D. none of the above Ans: A 99. the vaccine for herpes simplex virus II is? A. expensive B. given in multiple doses C. can result in a positive skin test D. nonexistant Ans: D 100. hemarrhagic viruses often kill by what mechanism? A. systemic shock B. dehydration C. bleeding to death D. pneumonia Ans:c MICROBIOLOGY Questions and Answers pdf Download :: Read the full article

[caremobile]

Reflection Letter

In a time line of when all things started,

1972, I was born, needing much help, because, I had been born with a disease

--Jaundice, mother’s and father’s blood were not a match, no match,

the only way to survive were to get the best blood from the strongest persons at the best hospitals,,,,

Remnants of Dubois, Dellanueve, Wood,  Wagner, De Niro, and Legionaires and the most prominant Nun in our family....

otherwise, I would cease to be, not long afterwards.....

I am sorry we could afford it all that my grandfather worked in the Central Bank and the Asian Development Bank, and that my other grand father a ambassador to the UN while trading antiquities with Salazar of Portugal...

it began with this plot...

my mother worked for PAL while finishing her studies at Maryknoll, after studying French in Switzerland

my father was studying Art at the Royal Pontifical College of Santo Tomas and just won the National Fine Arts Award for Photography

He helped run the family business

while an avid tennis player 

1986 I met my first notable girl in my life, Jennifer Wren not just a passing fancy...I played football, I was strong until I hit my temple while playing football and it stunted my growth  --i remember one last hurrah, my dance at Jennifer’s party with Jennifer which she never forgot......as a football player I excelled, and I was stronger than most, and she remembered me for being ironic

I got hit in the temple and I couldn’t control, my emotions in 1991 I began having seizures....

1993 I completed two years as an engineering and communications scholar at Purdue and scored high on the naval battery test as well as the UN Civil Service Exam and got a job at Barneys New York in the operations Room, I never forgot my roots, it;s all I had

When I was young I thought about going to Fordham but Later ended up at its affiliate the Ford Foundation....Jennifer had two of my children

she knew that over time, and through the wars and plague I had been crushed like a leaf

It was against the odds that I found my niche with the cherubs who helped each other get through the Intelligencia Program for the Masters in Human Computer Interaction and Coding, before transferring to University of Chicago where I got a terminal degree at Rockefeller in Physics, and was an Arts Fellow

I studied economic geography and writing under the Mentorship of Chair of the Department of International Studies and Geography at UC and DePaul to boot, in Alex Papadopolous who introduced me to McAffee my GIS professor, and I also met the Nobel Laureatte Candidate ICC famed Lawyer  Cherif Bassouni

and one of my most dear professors was Ambassador to Russia Tomas Klocek who offered me a job at JGC his import and export business...

I had something to go on during the War

Something...

better than nothing....

I met Arc Talliah and had children with her, I had my first child with Arc, who was an accounting student at Asian Management Academy when I met her, she was suicidal, and needed an egg to follow through with the baby...and my pride and joy is Talliah ..I have never held her, but we fight for each other like no tomorrow and she, like her sister is attending Medill for graduate school....and I have Bella Justine, Alliah and Kaylee

the war happened, i wasnt spared, neither was my family...most stayed away from me, Jennifer kept away rightfully so

and the day when I met my wife Yvonne, Yv Ben, who saw something in me where no one, wanted to scratch the full surface  -- when I was nearly spent, a spent fighter but I needed someone to love and love me  -- The stress of the extrajudicial assassinations bent me to the maximum

I need someone, to also say, “You’re worthy!”

I was assassonated, but also put in a bunker

She married the writer near the Grid of Chicago, around the Penal Colony, I married the teacher missionary in Thailand near the Burmese border  --The Burma Proxy War

She is finishing her nursing boards studies for surgical nursing, while is a buyer for amazon and guess

I won the discreet fields and merriam pulitzer and nobel with ICAN and continue to write invisibly on the particular belief that anonimity as a officer and operate as EN is good for a style like no other as head of the Ryerson Annex and ESU Annex as a Lexicographer and Cartographer  --

I stay, below the line

[rizzlefu]

as someone who works in a UK hospital the reasoning behind the lack of air conditioning in most hospitals, is that putting AC in would help spread legionaires disease.   tbh its a pretty shitty reason as we will now have more deaths from heatstroke than legionaires this year.  I also specifically took the day off 19th july because the Radiators are always on in the centre I work in and even in 25C its intolerable to work there, I dont want to see what its like in 37C.     The lack of AC in the NHS is Systemic, with only a few places in hospitals having it.

a moment of silence for everyone in queen elizabeth university hospital right now, with its 13 floors, non-adjustable heat system, no-fans policy, and unopenable windows

[sickhead-h]

So I was tagged by @toshzhuck to put my playlist on shuffle and post the first ten songs  Beth Hart & Joe Bonamassa - Your Heart Is As Black As Night Jerry Cantrell - Solitude Eyehategod - Shoplift Superjoint Ritual - Ozena Dead Or Alive - Brand New Lover Alice in Chains - Brother (MTV Unplugged version) Culture Club & Boy George - I’ll Tumble For Ya Corrosion of Conformity - Rather See You Dead (Legionaires Disease cover) Danzig - Sistinas Elton John - Sacrifice Sorry I’m not tagging anyone

[mmcguire390]

July 27, 1963: Death of Garrett A. Morgan; 1976: Legionnaire’s Disease in Philadelphia; 1905: Consideration of Owens Valley Water Supply for Los Angeles

July 27, 1963: Death of Garrett A. Morgan; 1976: Legionnaire’s Disease in Philadelphia; 1905: Consideration of Owens Valley Water Supply for Los Angeles

Garrett A. Morgan

July 27, 1963:  Death of Garrett A. Morgan. “With only an elementary school education, Garrett A. Morgan, born in Kentucky on March 4, 1877, began his career as a sewing-machine mechanic. He went on to patent several inventions, including an improved sewing machine and traffic signal, a hair-straightening product, and a respiratory device that would later provide the blueprint…