#Keshan disease

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

TSRNOSS, p 541.

[dbmr-001]

https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/de/reports/global-keshan-disease-treatment-market

[alexanderkylesworld]

Selenium’s Antioxidant Properties Explained by MrVit

Selenium is a trace mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. It is essential for human health, yet only required in small amounts. Selenium is found in various foods, including nuts, grains, and seafood. This mineral is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

What are Antioxidants?

Antioxidants are substances that prevent or slow down the oxidation process in the body. Oxidation can lead to cell damage and is associated with various витамини за деца , including cancer and heart disease. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative stress. Selenium is one of the key antioxidants that contribute to the body’s defense system.

How Selenium Functions as an Antioxidant

Selenium works as an antioxidant primarily by being a component of selenoproteins. These proteins play a vital role in the antioxidant defense system. One of the most well-known selenoproteins is glutathione peroxidase, which helps reduce oxidative stress by converting harmful hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This process protects cells from oxidative damage.

Sources of Selenium

Selenium can be obtained from various dietary sources. Brazil nuts are one of the richest sources of selenium, with just a few nuts providing more than the daily recommended intake. Other sources include seafood, meats, eggs, and whole grains. The selenium content in plant-based foods can vary depending on the soil in which they are grown. It is important to maintain a balanced diet to ensure adequate selenium intake.

Health Benefits of Selenium

Selenium offers numerous health benefits beyond its antioxidant properties. Research suggests that selenium may support immune function, enhance thyroid hormone metabolism, and reduce inflammation. Some studies have also indicated that selenium may play a role in reducing the risk of certain cancers, including prostate and colorectal cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand these potential benefits.

Selenium and Heart Health

Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Selenium’s antioxidant properties may help protect the heart by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Some studies have shown that adequate selenium levels are associated with a lower risk of heart disease. However, excessive selenium intake can lead to toxicity, so it is essential to consume it in moderation.

Selenium Deficiency

Selenium deficiency can lead to various health issues, including weakened immune function and increased susceptibility to infections. In severe cases, it can result in a condition known as Keshan disease, which affects the heart. Deficiency is more common in regions where the soil is low in selenium. Individuals who follow a strict vegetarian or vegan diet may also be at risk of deficiency.

Selenium Toxicity

While selenium is essential for health, excessive intake can lead to toxicity. Symptoms of selenium toxicity include gastrointestinal disturbances, hair loss, fatigue, and irritability. In extreme cases, it can cause neurological damage. It is crucial to adhere to the recommended dietary allowance for selenium to avoid these adverse effects.

Recommended Daily Allowance of Selenium

The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for selenium varies by age and gender. For adults, the RDA is 55 micrograms per day. Pregnant and lactating women have higher requirements. It is important to obtain selenium from a balanced diet rather than supplements unless advised by a healthcare professional.

Conclusion

Selenium is a vital trace mineral with significant antioxidant properties. It plays a crucial role in protecting the body from oxidative stress and supporting overall health. By incorporating selenium-rich foods into your diet, you can help ensure adequate intake of this essential nutrient. However, it is important to consume selenium in moderation to avoid toxicity. Understanding the role of selenium in health can empower individuals to make informed dietary choices

[mcatmemoranda]

Never heard of this!

Selenium deficiency is seen in some parts of China, New Zealand and Finland. Keshan disease presents as congestive cardiomyopathy with an enlarged heart in children and young female living in these endemic areas with low soil concentration of selenium. Some selenium rich foods include fish, shellfish and eggs.

[newstrendline]

Keshan Disease

Keshan disease is caused by a deficiency of the mineral selenium. There are several symptoms of this disease, including an irregular EKG, dilated heart chambers, and congestive heart failure. In some cases, the disease may not be diagnosed until an autopsy is performed. It is important to get a proper diagnosis to avoid complications. Selenium deficiency causes keshan disease Keshan disease is an…

[blackdoctors]

WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR BODY WHEN YOU EAT EGGS

Eggs. You can have the scrambled, boiled, over easy, over hard, whatever way you like, but how do they affect your body. We do know that every food you eat affects your body in some way, but what about the “incredible, edible egg?”

Here’s what science tells us about what happens when you eat 2 eggs a day:

Boosts your immune system If you don’t want to play chicken with infections, viruses and diseases, add an egg or two to your diet daily. Just one large egg contains almost a quarter (22%) of your RDA of selenium, a nutrient that helps support your immune system and regulate thyroid hormones. Kids should eat eggs, especially. If children and adolescents don’t get enough selenium, they could develop Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease, two conditions that can affect the heart, bones and joints.

Lowers Your Cholesterol Contrary to previous beliefs, eggs have been found to not increase risk of coronary heart disease. In fact, they might actually decrease your risk. LDL cholesterol became known as “bad” cholesterol because LDL particles transport their fat molecules into artery walls, and drive atherosclerosis: basically, clogging up the arteries. Eating eggs leads to elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), also known as the “good” cholesterol. People who have higher HDL levels have a lower risk of heart disease, stroke and other health issues. According to one study, eating two eggs a day for six weeks increased HDL levels by 10%.

Improves Your Skin & Hair Eggs are rich in B vitamins including, vitamin B12, B5, biotin, riboflavin, thiamine and selenium. All these vitamins are great for maintaining your hair, skin and nails. They nourish our cells, promote skin elasticity and counteract the damage caused by the free radicals. B-complex vitamins are also necessary for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver.It’s Brain Food!

Eggs are brain food. That’s largely because of an essential nutrient called choline. It’s a component of cell membranes and is required to synthesize acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. Studies have shown that a lack of choline has been linked to neurological disorders and decreased cognitive function. Shockingly, more than 90% of Americans eat less than the daily recommended amount of choline, according to a U.S. dietary survey.Improves your eyesight The two antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin found in eggs are also found in the macular region of the eye. Studies have found that lutein and zeaxanthin and omega 3, which are also found in eggs play an essential role in maintaining your eye health. The two antioxidants help in maintaining eye health in the long term by protecting against retinal degeneration.

When you’re shopping for eggs, pay attention to the labels. You should be buying organic, when possible. These are certified by the USDA and are free from antibiotics, vaccines and hormones. As for color, that’s your call. The difference in color just varies based on the type of chicken—they both have the same nutritional value.

[juniperpublishers-jdvs]

Mini Review and Prospective: Using Organic Selenium-Strengthened Salt in Fish Processing to Mitigate the Toxicity of Residual Mercury- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

This paper reviews the toxic issue of Hg residue in fish and discusses the possibility of applying selenium strengthened salt in fish process to solve the problem. Selenium is a natural antagonist to Hg, However, daily selenium supplementation for dealing fish Hg is not improper due to the possible side effects of excessive intake. It may be feasible to use less toxic organic selenium strengthened salt instead of common salt in fish processing, which may avoid of excessive intake of selenium, and reduce toxicity by changes of mercury chemical forms and bioavailability. This paper reviews the toxic issue of Hg residue in fish, and discusses the possibility of applying selenium strengthened salt in fish process to solve the problem of Mercury (Hg) residue, which is an important food safety issue.

Keywords: Heavy metal; Aquatic food; Neurotoxicity; Minamata disease

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Mercury Residue in Fish is an Important Food Safety Problem

Mercury is an important global pollutant, prioritized by many international organizations for its persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation and toxicity in the food chain, especially in aquatic products. The toxicity of Hg was known since 1940s, first, deadly Hunter-Russell syndrome and then a public health disaster of Minamata Disease in Japan were reported, followed by reports from Iraq other areas. It has been estimated that annual worldwide emissions of mercury into the atmosphere at 2,200 metric tons. One-third of these emissions originate from natural sources (volcanic eruptions and decay of mercury-containing sediment), while two-thirds from man- made sources [1]. The issue of Hg gets sustained concern, in the past August 16, 2017; the "United Nations Convention on the Minamata of Hg” has entered into force worldwide, with the aim of controlling and reducing global Hg emissions.

Much of this discharged Hg settles in water, and fish is polluted. Hg exists in three basic states: elemental Hg or Hg vapor, inorganic Hg, and organic Hg. in water, elemental and inorganic Hg is converted by microorganisms into organic Hg, in which Hg is bonded to a structure containing carbon atoms (methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or similar groups), organic Hg is easily dissolved in water, it is ingested by smaller creatures, and eventually consumed by larger fish. Fish at the top of the food chain may concentrate considerable Hg in their tissues even in water with very low levels of methyl Hg [2]. Aquatic products as major organic Hg source get great attention. In the U.S, there are currently 1,782 advisories (one per body of water) issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 41 states in the United States restricting the consumption of any locally caught fish or shellfish due to their Hg content [2]. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), presented data warning of the consequences for fetuses of women who follow the current FDA's fish consumption advisory and eat 12 ounces of “safe” fish per week. There is no ideal method to solve the problem of Hg residues in fish.

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Toxicological Mechanism of Hg and Detoxifying Effect of Selenium

Although the mechanism of Hg toxicity is still unclear, most studies agree that Hg firmly binds to thiol (-SH) and seleno (-SeH) containing macromolecules, the binding controls the movement of Hg and disrupts the biological function of various important molecules, chiefly, it unbalances the redox state, leads to free radicals overproduction, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, finally, neuro degeneration and many other diseases [3,4]. In this sense, the exogenous addition of sulphides and selenides would be protective, and some sulphides and selenides were investigated for this purpose. In fact, the drugs currently treating Hg poisoning are mainly sulfur-containing compounds possessing metal chelation property, however, drug treatment is effective only when Hg poisoning is caused by a large amount of Hg in the short term, and has no clear effect on the chronic toxicity caused by a small quantity of Hg exceeding the general food. We found that hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydride has a certain effect on chronic Hg toxicity in experimental animals, but there are still problems in its application to human.

Selenium and sulfur both are VIA elements, and the binding ability of selenium and Hg is stronger than that of sulfur and Hg (the complexing constants are 1045 and 1039 respectively). Selenium appears in various forms such as selenite, selenate, selenomethionine, and selenocysteine, it forms part of several important enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase [5]. Selenium is a natural antagonist to Hg, which was first shown experimentally by Parizek and Ostadalova in 1967 [6], later a positive correlation between Hg and Se has been commonly reported. She has been proposed to sequentially bind to Hg and selenoprotein P in the bloodstream, to form a non-toxic complex, and the formation of Hg-Se complex with selenoprotein P causes redistribution of Hg in the organism or reduces the absorption of Hg [7,8].

Selenium is an essential trace element for living organisms, the recommended intake dose is 50μg/d for people over 18 years of age, selenium deficiency in human will lead to the occurrence of various diseases such as cardio-cerebro vascular disease, liver disease, diabetes and tumor, the deadly Keshan disease which occurs in China is related to selenium deficiency. In China, nutrition intervention project with sodium selenite and iodine- strengthed salt for the population living in selenium deficiency area has been in the history of more than 30 years, which improves the selenium nutrition status of the population in the coverage area as a whole. However, due to the toxicity of inorganic sodium selenite, the project has been banned since 2012. The safety of organic selenium relative to inorganic selenium is good, at present, organic selenium fortified salt products and some other selenium supplements on the market, such as selenium- amino acids, selenium-enriched eggs, selenium-enriched vegetables, and so on, the effects of these products need to be further evaluated.

Due to the possible side effects of daily selenium supplementation, which may be manifested after ingestion only slightly higher than those nutritionally required [9]. Selenium is not currently used in the treatment of heavy metal intoxication.

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Prospective: Using Organic Selenium Strengthened Salt in Fish Processing

Most fish processes including canned, pickled and cooking need salt, it may be feasible to use organic selenium strengthened salt instead of common salt in fish processing for reducing toxicity of Hg residue. First, selenium in processed fish may have good safety. Since organic selenium is less toxic, salt ingested is self-limiting and people do not eat fish every day, people are excluded from health problems of excessive intake of selenium.

Second, selenium in processed fish may reduce toxicity of Hg residue both before and after fish is ingested. The selenium in fish not only plays the role of the nutrition after being ingested, but also the direct reaction of selenium with residual Hg in fish may lead to the change of Hg chemical forms, bioavailability and neurotoxicity of Hg.

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Conclusion

It may be feasible for using organic selenium-strengthened salt in fish processing to mitigate the toxicity of residual mercury, which needs further experimental data to support.

To know more about  journal of veterinary science impact factor: https://juniperpublishers.com/jdvs/index.php

To know more about Open Access Publishers: Juniper Publishers

[rnomics]

IJMS, Vol. 19, Pages 2665: Selenium-Related Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

The selenium content of the body is known to control the expression levels of numerous genes, both so-called selenoproteins and non-selenoproteins. Selenium is a trace element essential to human health, and its deficiency is related to, for instance, cardiovascular and myodegenerative diseases, infertility and osteochondropathy called Kashin–Beck disease. It is incorporated as selenocysteine to the selenoproteins, which protect against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. They also participate in the activation of the thyroid hormone, and play a role in immune system functioning. The synthesis and incorporation of selenocysteine occurs via a special mechanism, which differs from the one used for standard amino acids. The codon for selenocysteine is a regular in-frame stop codon, which can be passed by a specific complex machinery participating in translation elongation and termination. This includes a presence of selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in the 3′-untranslated part of the selenoprotein #mRNAs. Nonsense-mediated decay is involved in the regulation of the selenoprotein #mRNA levels, but other mechanisms are also possible. Recent transcriptional analyses of messenger #RNAs, micro#RNAs and long non-coding #RNAs combined with proteomic data of samples from Keshan and Kashin–Beck disease patients have identified new possible cellular pathways related to transcriptional regulation by selenium. http://bit.ly/2oRUQJk #MDPI

[gethealthy18-blog]

Selenium Deficiency: 6 Serious Ways It Can Affect You

New Post has been published on https://healingawerness.com/getting-healthy/getting-healthy-women/selenium-deficiency-6-serious-ways-it-can-affect-you/

Selenium Deficiency: 6 Serious Ways It Can Affect You

Ravi Teja Tadimalla Hyderabd040-395603080 September 9, 2019

Selenium is a trace mineral with crucial properties. It controls several processes in normal health and metabolism. The mineral promotes thyroid health and plays a role in maintaining cardiovascular and neurological health (1).

But a deficiency of this mineral can have serious consequences. Reports suggest that selenium deficiency affects close to a billion people in the world (2).

In this post, we will discuss the grave effects selenium deficiency can have on your health, and more importantly, what you can do to prevent them.

Table Of Contents

What Is Selenium Deficiency?

Selenium deficiency refers to having inadequate levels of the mineral in your system. This can happen due to the diminishing levels of selenium in the soil where foods rich in selenium are grown.

Insufficient intake of selenium can alter the way certain selenium-responsive enzymes function. These enzymes include glutathione peroxidases, iodothyronine deiodinases, and selenoproteins (3).

Individuals deficient in selenium were found to be more vulnerable to physiological stresses (3). Selenium deficiency, as we discussed, can cause more harm than you might know. In the following section, we will explore how.

What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Selenium Deficiency?

Selenium deficiency can surface in the form of muscle weakness, anxiety, depressed mood, and confusion. These symptoms, if ignored, can lead to more complicated health risks (1).

1. Can Cause Cardiovascular Problems

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Selenium deficiency was linked to cardiomyopathy, which is a chronic disease of the heart muscle. Studies have also shown it to cause Keshan disease, a form of cardiomyopathy prevalent in the Chinese county of Keshan (4). In mice studies, selenium supplementation could reduce cardiotoxicity (5).

Selenium is known to combat oxidative stress. Its deficiency can potentially lead to an increase in oxidative stress, thereby possibly affecting heart health (5).

Selenium deficiency in rats also led to increased myocardial damage. Studies conclude that low serum selenium levels can be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (5).

Deficiency of the mineral may also cause lipid peroxidation (degradation of lipids). This can cause elevated blood pressure levels and platelet aggregation, potentially increasing heart disease risk. Adequate selenium levels also protect the heart from certain viral infections (6).

2. Can Affect The Endocrine System

The endocrine system regulates hormones that promote growth, development, and metabolism (7). It includes the thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands, the pancreas, testicles (male), and ovaries (female) (8).

The thyroid contains the maximum concentration of selenium among all organs of the human body. Iodothyronine deiodinases, the enzymes associated with selenium, promote thyroid hormone metabolism (1). Deficiency of selenium can obstruct this process.

Selenium controls the functioning of over 30 different selenoproteins, all of which exert multiple actions on the endocrine system. These selenoproteins act as antioxidants and modify the cell function in the system (9).

3. Can Harm The Musculoskeletal System

Selenium deficiency can cause musculoskeletal diseases. One of them is the Kashin-Beck disease, which is characterized by the deformity of bones, cartilages, and joints. This leads to enlarged joints and restricts movement (1).

Selenium and the associated selenoproteins also have a role to play in muscular function. In both cattle and humans, selenium deficiency was observed to cause several muscular diseases (10).

4. May Affect Neural Health

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Selenium deficiency has been found to cause depressive mood and hostile behavior. The deficiency can also affect the turnover rate of certain neurotransmitters (1).

In patients with Alzheimer’s, selenium concentration was found to be only 60% of that of healthy individuals (1).

Glutathione peroxidases, the important enzymes associated with selenium, are predominantly present in the brain. These enzymes reduce the reactive oxygen species, which can damage brain health. Deficiency in selenium can hamper this beneficial process (11).

5. Can Hurt Your Immune System

Reports have linked selenium deficiency to weak immunity. The mineral may improve response, and its inadequacy may weaken the immune system (1).

Selenium deficiency was also found to impair immune response and increase the risk of infection (12). Dietary selenium is important for a healthy immune system.

Selenium deficiency may also lead to the dysfunction of immune cells (13).

6. May Affect The Reproductive System

In males, selenium plays a role in testosterone biosynthesis. Deficiency of selenium may cause infertility in males (1).

Selenium deficiency in females may also lead to infertility issues. However, more large-scale studies are needed to conclude this (14).

Selenium deficiency can have fatal consequences in the long run. It is important to understand if you are at risk. Certain individuals tend to be at a higher risk of the deficiency than others.

Who Is At A Higher Risk Of Selenium Deficiency?

Though selenium deficiency is quite rare in the United States, certain groups of people can be at a higher risk.

Those Undergoing Kidney Dialysis

Kidney dialysis (also known as hemodialysis) removes some selenium from the blood (15). Patients undergoing dialysis could also be selenium deficient due to severe food restrictions.

Those Living With HIV

Individuals living with HIV may become selenium deficient due to excessive loss of the nutrient through diarrhea. Even malabsorption can lead to deficiency. Serum selenium levels can decrease with disease progression (16).

Those Living In Selenium-Deficient Regions

Individuals living in countries whose diet has vegetables grown in low-selenium areas can also be at risk of selenium deficiency. These include certain parts of China, where soil selenium levels are low (17). Even individuals living in some European countries could be at risk.

If you belong to the risk groups or experience symptoms associated with selenium deficiency, please visit your doctor. Any delays can have serious consequences.

How Is The Deficiency Diagnosed?

Selenium deficiency is diagnosed and confirmed by measuring concentrations of the mineral in the serum or plasma. Selenium levels less than 70 bg/mL indicate the possibility of deficiency.

What About The Treatment?

Most often, selenium deficiency affects entire populations. Soils have been fertilized and foods have been fortified with selenium (1).

The best treatment for individuals deficient in selenium is following a selenium-rich diet. Foods rich in selenium include:

Brazil nuts

Yellowfin tuna

Halibut

Macaroni

Beef liver

Cottage cheese

Brown rice

Eggs

If you cannot consume any of the selenium-rich foods for any reason, selenium supplements can also help (3). Ensure you speak to your health care provider before going for supplements to avoid selenium toxicity.

It could be a trace mineral. But it is important to understand how much selenium we need. For adults (both male and female), the RDA for selenium is 55 mcg. For pregnant women, it is 60 mcg per day, while for lactating women, it is 70 mcg per day. The tolerable upper limit for selenium is 400 mcg per day. Intakes beyond this can cause problems (17).

Conclusion

Since selenium happens to be a trace mineral, we do not pay it much attention. But as we have seen, it has some very important roles to play in human health. Its deficiency can cause serious health issues.

If you experience symptoms that could be related to selenium deficiency, please visit your doctor. Start including foods/supplements in your diet as required.

Were you deficient on selenium before? What measures did you take? Do share your experiences with us by leaving a comment in the box below.

17 sources

Stylecraze has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Selenium Deficiency, National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482260/

Selenium deficiency risk predicted to increase under future climate change, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://www.pnas.org/content/114/11/2848.full

Selenium, Oregon State University. https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/minerals/selenium#deficiency

Is selenium deficiency really the cause of Keshan disease? Environmental Geochemistry and Health, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20574681

Selenium and Its Supplementation in Cardiovascular Disease—What do We Know? Nutrients, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446741/

Selenium and cardiovascular disease, Biological Trace Element Research, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1702669

Introduction to the Endocrine System, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/endocrine/

Endocrine system, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html

Selenium and endocrine systems, The Journal of Endocrinology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15749805

Understanding the importance of selenium and selenoproteins in muscle function, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792354/

Cognitive function in depth, Oregon State University. https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/health-disease/cognitive-function#selenium-deficiency

Selenium deficiency impairs host innate immune response and induces susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection, BMC Immunology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774297/

Selenium deficiency inhibits differentiation and immune function and imbalances the Th1/Th2 of dendritic cells, Metallomics, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29766201

Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Female Reproduction: A Review, Molecules, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6321086/

Trace elements in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, BMC Medicine, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454005?dopt=Abstract

Role of selenium in HIV infection, Nutrition Reviews, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20961297?dopt=Abstract

Selenium, National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/

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[cancersfakianakis1]

Prevention of Keshan Disease by Selenium Supplementation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Systematic review (SR) of high-quality studies provides superior evidence, but an SR has not been conducted to evaluate the association between Keshan disease (KD) and selenium deficiency because SR was not available when KD was highly prevalent in the 1950s to 1970s. The objective of this study was to update our understanding of the etiology of KD and provide evidence for policies and strategies in KD surveillance, prevention, and control. We identified related studies by searching the CNKI, Wanfang, CQVIP, SinoMed, CMCI, PubMed, Embase, and EBSCO databases from January 1935 to April 2017. Community trials that met the inclusion criteria were included. Risk ratios (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to compare incidences between the two groups. A total of 17 articles (including 41 studies) were included. In total, the studies included 1,983,238 subjects, 683,075 of which were in experimental groups and 1,300,163 of which were in control groups. The protection rates were over 80% in 35 studies, and the overall effect (risk ratio) was 0.14 [95% CI (0.12, 0.16), P < 0.05]. Potential publication bias was observed in the funnel plots, but the results of Egger’s and Begg’s tests showed that there was no evidence of publication bias. Giving selenium supplements to the residents of KD endemic areas significantly reduced the incidence of KD. Selenium deficiency is therefore a cause of KD by the criterion of causation in modern epidemiology. Selenium should be included in the KD surveillance program. The description of “unknown cause” in the definition of KD may be inappropriate.

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[dietauthority]

Do Humans Need Selenium?

While individuals need reasonably small amounts of selenium compared with other minerals, it is still essential to human health. Combined with vitamin E as well as healthy proteins, it's a vital antioxidant that may provide protection against a wide range of illness. Many foods have selenium.

Overview

Selenium is a necessary dietary mineral that plays many essential roles in the body. Selenium incorporates with healthy proteins during metabolism to form antioxidant selenoproteins. There's likewise proof that selenium absorbed combination with vitamin E functions as an antioxidant too. Antioxidants function to protect against cellular damage triggered by complimentary radicals created by oxygenation within the body. These complimentary radicals can ruin cell membrane layers and also DNA. This damage might bring about premature aging, heart illness, particular sorts of cancer, thyroid troubles and also diminished immune feature. Reduced selenium degrees have likewise been linked to rheumatoid joint inflammation, yet scientists doubt regarding whether low selenium levels add to joint inflammation or if joint inflammation adds to reduced selenium levels.

Recommended Dietary Allowance

The quantity of selenium you require depends upon your age. The RDA for selenium for children from 1 to 3 years of ages is 20 micrograms. Those from 4 to 8 years of ages require 30 micrograms. From 9 to 13 years old, children need 40 micrograms. The RDA for those over 13 years old is 55 micrograms a day, besides expecting and also breast feeding ladies, that need 60 and 70 micrograms, respectively. Eating more than 200 micrograms of selenium a day could contribute to a higher threat of Kind 2 diabetes.

Deficiency

Selenium deficiency could trigger myriad health problems. Because grazing pets and also grains get their selenium from dirt, Russia and China, where the dirt selenium content is low, see the highest prices of selenium shortage. Selenium shortage can create Keshan condition, which can bring about an enlarging of the heart and endangered heart health. Shortage could also trigger Kashin-Beck illness in kids. Kashin-Beck condition is identified by serious bone defects as well as dwarfism. It is likewise linked to osteoarthropathy, an immunological kind of arthritis related to lung cancer, mesothelioma cancer, lung disease as well as congenital heart condition. Selenium deficiency may additionally contribute to myxedematous endemic cretinism, a kind of dementia. Cigarette smoking, drinking, taking contraceptive pill and diseases such as Crohn's illness and ulcerative colitis might lower blood selenium levels, as well as consequently contribute to solidifying of the arteries as well as a boosted danger of heart strike or stroke.

Food Sources of Selenium

There are lots of rich sources of selenium readily available. Selenium appears in wealth in whole grains, maker's yeast, liver, butter, fish, shellfish, garlic, sunflower seeds, Brazil nuts, eggs, beets, home cheese, long-grain rice, walnuts and cheddar cheese.

[dailyshoping-world-blog]

12 THINGS THAT HAPPEN TO YOUR BODY WHEN YOU EAT EGGS

Eggs might just be the easiest, cheapest and most versatile way to up your protein intake.

Beyond easily upping your daily protein count— each 85-calorie eggs packs a solid 7 grams of the muscle-builder—eggs also boost your health. They’re loaded with amino acids, antioxidants and iron. Don’t just reach for the whites, though; the yolks boast a fat-fighting nutrient called choline, so opting for whole eggs can actually help you trim down

When you’re shopping for eggs, pay attention to the labels. You should be buying organic, when possible. These are certified by the USDA and are free from antibiotics, vaccines and hormones. As for color, that’s your call. The difference in color just varies based on the type of chicken—they both have the same nutritional value, says Molly Morgan, RD, a board certified sports specialist dietician based in upstate New York. Here are 12 incredible effects the mighty egg can have on the human body.

1. YOU’LL REDUCE YOUR RISK OF HEART DISEASE

LDL cholesterol became known as “bad” cholesterol because LDL particles transport their fat molecules into artery walls, and drive atherosclerosis — basically, gumming up of the arteries. (HDL particles, by contrast, can removefat molecules from artery walls.) But not all LDL particles are made equal, and there are various subtypes that differ in size. Bigger is definitely better — many studies have shown that people who have predominantly small, dense LDL particles have a higher risk of heart disease than people who have mostly large LDL particles. Here’s the beauty part: Even if eggs tend to raise LDL cholesterol in some people, studies show that the LDL particles change from small and dense to large, slashing the risk of cardiovascular problems.

2. YOU’LL BOOST Y IMMUNE SYSTEM

If you don’t want to play chicken with infections, viruses and diseases, add an egg or two to your diet daily. Just one large egg contains almost a quarter (22%) of your RDA of selenium, a nutrient that helps support your immune system and regulate thyroid hormones. Kids should eat eggs, especially. If children and adolescents don’t get enough selenium, they could develop Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease, two conditions that can affect the heart, bones and joints.

3.YOU’LL IMPROVE YOUR CHOLESTEROL PROFILEThere are three ideas about cholesterol that practically everyone knows: 1) High cholesterol is a bad thing; 2) There are good and bad kinds of cholesterol; 3) Eggs contain plenty of it. Doctors are generally most concerned with the ratio of “good” cholesterol (HDL) to bad cholesterol (LDL). One large egg contains 212 mg of cholesterol, but this doesn’t mean that eggs will raise the “bad” kind in the blood. The body constantly produces cholesterol on its own, and a large body of evidence indicates that eggs can actually improve your cholesterol profile. How? Eggs seem to raise HDL (good) cholesterol while increasing the size of LDL particles.4.YOU’LL HAVE MORE GET-UP-AND-GOJust one egg contains about 15% of your RDA of vitamin B2, also called riboflavin. It’s just one of eight B vitamins, which all help the body to convert food into fuel, which in turn is used to produce energy. Eggs are just one of the25 Best Foods for a Toned Body!5.YOUR SKIN AND HAIR WILL IMPROVE

B-complex vitamins are also necessary for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver. (In addition to vitamin B2, eggs are also rich in B5 and B12.) They also help to ensure the proper function of the nervous system. For more foods full of B vitamins, click here for this list of the essential 40 Best Foods for Muscle and Strength!

6.YOU’LL FEEL FULLER AND EAT LESS

Eggs are such a good source of quality protein that all other sources of protein are measured against them. (Eggs get a perfect score of 100.) Many studies have demonstrated the effect of high-protein foods on appetite. Simply put, they take the edge off. You might not be surprised to learn that eggs score high on a scale called the Satiety Index, a measure of how much foods contribute to the feeling of fullness.

7.YOU’LL LOSE FAT

Largely because of their satiating power, eggs have been linked with fat loss. A study on this produced some remarkable results: Over an eight-week period, people ate a breakfast of either eggs or bagels, which contained the same amount of calories. The egg group lost 65% more body weight, 16% more body fat, experienced a 61% greater reduction in BMI and saw a 34% greater reduction in waist circumference!

8.YOU’LL PROTECT YOUR BRAINEggs are brain food. That’s largely because of an essential nutrient calledcholine. It’s a component of cell membranes and is required to synthesize acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. Studies have shown that a lack of choline has been linked to neurological disorders and decreased cognitive function. Shockingly, more than 90% of Americans eat less than the daily recommended amount of choline, according to a U.S. dietary survey.9.YOU’LL SAVE YOUR LIFE

Among the lesser-known amazing things the body can do: It can make 11 essential amino acids, which are necessary to sustain life. Thing is, there are 20 essential amino acids that your body needs. Guess where the other 9 can be found? That’s right. A lack of those 9 amino acids can lead to muscle wasting, decreased immune response, weakness, fatigue, and changes to the texture of your skin and hair.

10.YOU’LL HAVE LESS STRESS AND ANXIETY

If you’re deficient in the 9 amino acids that can be found in an egg, it can have mental effects. A 2004 study published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesdescribed how supplementing a population’s diet with lysine significantly reduced anxiety and stress levels, possibly by modulating serotonin in the nervous system. For more relaxing foods, check out these 20 Foods That Keep You Slim for Life!

11.YOU’LL PROTECT YOUR PEEPERS

Two antioxidants found in eggs — lutein and zeaxanthin — have powerful protective effects on the eyes. You won’t find them in a carton of Egg Beaters — they only exist in the yolk. The antioxidants significantly reduce the risk of macular degeneration and cataracts, which are among the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness in the elderly. In a study published in theAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition, participants who ate 1.3 egg yolks per day for four-and-a-half weeks saw increased blood levels of zeaxanthin by 114-142% and lutein by 28-50%!

12.YOU’LL IMPROVE YOUR BONES AND TEETH

Eggs are one of the few natural sources of Vitamin D, which is important for the health and strength of bones and teeth. It does this primarily by aiding the absorption of calcium. (Calcium, incidentally, is important for a healthy heart, colon and metabolism.) For more easy metabolism-boosting tips, check out these 55 Best Ways to Boost Your Metabolism!

[dentistrochesterny]

6 Minerals You Would Like to Grasp

Minerals are the inorganic substance that happens naturally in rocks and within the ground and has its own characteristic look and chemical composition. The 3 main functions of minerals are as constituents of the skeleton, as soluble salts that facilitate management the composition of the body fluids, and as essential adjuncts to the action of the many enzymes and different proteins. There are many alternative sorts of minerals like metal, magnesium, potassium, selenium, zinc, and Cr picolinate. Calcium Calcium could be a major mineral essential for healthy and robust bones and teeth. It’s conjointly ensures the correct functioning of muscles and nerves and even helps your grume. It’s of considerably importance for the growing youngsters. The sources of metal are milk, cheese, eggs, dairy farm product, fruits, inexperienced vegetables, almonds, seaweeds (such as brown algae, wakame and hijiki), nuts, beans and pulses, breads and fish. The deficiency of metal will have an effect on bone and teeth formation, whereas its excess will result in urinary organ stones. Magnesium Magnesium is a crucial mineral that helps the body to take care of muscles, nerves, and bones. It’s conjointly employed in rhythm, energy metabolism and macromolecule synthesis. The major sources of metallic element are spinach, nuts, seeds, whole grains, water, fruits and vegetables. The deficiency of metallic element will cause sensitiveness to noise, nervousness, irritability, mental depression, confusion, twitching, trembling, apprehension, insomnia, muscle weakness and cramps within the toes, feet, legs, or fingers. Potassium Potassium could be a mineral that is associate degree solution and is concerned within the balance of fluid at intervals the body. It’s necessary in dominant the activity of the guts, muscles, system and around each cell within the body. It regulates the water balance and chemical equilibrium within the blood and tissues. Our bodies contain quite double the maximum amount K as atomic number 11 (typically 9 ounces versus four ounces). The major sources of K are bananas and fruit crush. Another sources embrace breads, cereals and different grain product. The deficiency of K will cause your muscles to not work properly and you may feel weak. The surplus of K will cause associate degree irregular heartbeat. Selenium Selenium is a vital mineral that functions for the most part within the sort of proteins, known as seleno-proteins that act as enzymes and facilitate stop injury to cells within the body by oxidants within the surroundings or those made by traditional metabolism. The sources of antioxidant are food, some meats (such as urinary organ and liver), and a few grains and seeds. The deficiency of antioxidant causes “Keshan” illness, a fatal sort of heart disease (heart muscle disease). Whereas its excess will cause reversible hairless and brittle nails, provides a garlic odor to the breath, and cause enteric distress, weakness and slowed mental functioning. Zinc Zinc is a vital mineral essential that is concerned within the manufacture of macromolecule and in biological process. It conjointly a constituent of hypoglycemic agent, and cares with the sense of smell. The sources of metallic element are eggs, cereal grains, meat, liver, food and cracked. The deficiency of metallic element will cause short stature, anemia, redoubled pigmentation of skin, enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), impaired endocrine operate, impaired wound healing, and immune deficiency. The surplus of metallic element will cause channel irritation (upset stomach) and cause copper deficiency. Chromium Picolinate Chromium picolinate is a vital mineral that plays a significant role in process carbohydrates and fats. It conjointly works with hypoglycemic agent (a internal secretion, made within the pancreas) in aiding cells to require in aldohexose and unleash energy; that creates glucose accessible to the cells as our basic fuel. The sources of Cr are meats, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, fats and vegetable oils. The deficiency of Cr will cause anxiety, fatigue, aldohexose intolerance (particularly in folks with diabetes), inadequate metabolism of amino acids, associate degreed a redoubled risk of sclerosis. Rochester Pediatric Dentistry

[jeanusmle]

Cardiac tags

Abdominal Aortic Disease

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Acute decompensated heart failure

Acute Pulmonary Edema

Ambulatory Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Aneurysm of heart

Angiography

Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

Aortic Disease

Aortic Regurgitation (AR)

Aortic Stenosis (AS)

Arrhytmias

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

Athletic heart syndrome

Atrial fibrillation (A-fib)

atrial flutter (Aflut)

Atrial septal defects

Atrioventricular fistula

Autoimmune heart disease

BNP

Bradycardia

Brown atrophy of the heart

Cardiac amyloidosis

Cardiac asthma

Cardiac diagnostic

Cardiac cathetherisation

Echocardiography

EKG

stress testing

Cardiac syndrome X

Cardiogenic shock

Cardiomegaly

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiophobia

Cardiorenal syndrome

Carditis

Chest Pain

Chronic rheumatic heart disease

Congenital Heart Defects

Coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery

Cardiomyopathy

CK-MB

Coarctation of the aorta

Complete heart block

Complete transposition of the great vessels

Congestive heart failure

Constrictive Pericarditis

Coronary artery aneurysm

Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery dissection

Coronary artery ectasia

Coronary steal syndrome

Coronary thrombosis

Coronary vasospasm

Cœur en sabot

Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy

Dressler syndrome

Duroziez’s disease

Ebstein malformation

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

Endocardial fibroelastosis

Heart neoplasia

Heart failure

Cardiomyopathies

Myocarditis

Hypertensive Crisis

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Hypotension

Initial left-to-right shunt

Ischemic heart diseases

Keshan disease

Mitral Stenosis

Mitral Regurgitation (MR)

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis

Kounis syndrome

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)

Myocardial Hypertrophy

Myocarditis

Myoglobin

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

Non-ST-Elevation MI (NSTEMI)

Palpitations

Patent ductus arteriosus

Pericardial Diseases

Pericardial Tamponade

Pericarditis

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Persistent truncus arteriosus

Pulmonary stenosis

Right axis deviation

Right-to-left shunt

Sick Sinus Syndrome

Sinus bradycardia

Stress test

ST-Elevation MI (STEMI)

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

Syncope

Tamponade

Tetralogy of Fallot

Third-degree AV block

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Tricuspid atresia

Troponin

Valvular Heart Disease

Ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular septal defects

Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)

[dietauthority]

12 Best Benefits Of Selenium For Skin, Hair And Health

Selenium is a trace element as well as an important nutrient to combat against cancer cells and also heart conditions. Selenium with vitamin E is taken into consideration to be a stronger combination. It is the very best antioxidant to avoid or lower aging as a result of oxidation. This is additionally crucial for metabolic functions and appropriate cell functioning in the spleen, pancreatic kidneys, liver, as well as testes. Selenium is likewise called for by the skin for recovery melt injuries and various other skin problem. The selenium health benefits are quite a few.

Let us quickly check the benefits of selenium.

Selenium Benefits:

1. Health of heart:

Heart diseases occur as a result of one's harmful way of life. This is caused as a result of extreme quantities of fat collected in the body. Proper consumption of selenium in the diet regimen could lower heart illness. Selenium could reduce oxidation of cholesterol and also clotting of blood.

2. Improves Fertility:

Selenium has the antioxidants helpful in sperm development as well as hence, it enhances the sperm's movement. This increases the sperm's opportunities in feeding the egg. It also reduces birth defects in infants.

3. Diabetes:

Selenium could boost the amount of insulin needed for diabetic clients. It additionally boosts glucose as well as manages metabolic processes. Selenium is useful in reducing the oxidative stress. This then can heal diabetic issues relevant concerns such as retinopathy, neuropathy and cataracts.

4. HIV:

Low selenium levels could result in death too. Selenium has been shown to have a positive effect on HIV people, given that it contains anti-oxidants. Selenium supplementation could lower the number of contaminated cells.

5. Body Purification:

Selenium blends with mercury, arsenic as well as cadmium in fish and shellfish, to keep the body secure from toxic substances. This likewise integrates with omega-3 fatty acids to get rid of hazardous fatty acids.

6. Cancer:

Selenium can be shown useful for treating cancer cells in colon, prostate lung, and also skin.

7. Thyroid:

Selenium aids to preserve thyroid relevant hormonal agents. It is an essential component to transform thyroid hormones from (T4) to (T3). This is useful for appropriate body functioning.

8. Anti-aging:

Selenium helps to fight free radical cells. It creates anti-oxidants in the body to eliminate complimentary radicals which damages cells and also bring about aging.

 9. Acne:

Acne is caused due to plugged pores. They can show up on the neck, upper body, face, back and arms. Lots of creams, facial cleansers and also ointments are utilized to treat acne. Selenium is thought about an organic technique to treat and also remove acne.

10. Immunity:

It aids to enhance the stamina of the immune system. Selenium enhances the efficiency of white blood cells and also thus, assists our bodies to remain healthy and balanced and virus cost-free. Infections and also infections could cause cold as well as flu, diarrhea, sneezing, etc.

11. Hair:

Selenium enhances hair development as well as reduces dandruff. Selenium can ruin a fungi referred to as Malassezia from the scalp. Selenium is included in lots of anti-dandruff hair shampoos to overcome against dandruff. Selenium can utilize foods that have protein and boost development of hair. Zinc and selenium are suggested by physicians for hair loss. This helps in correct performance of hormonal agents and also increased development of hair. They could be utilized to treat several hair issues as grey hair, loss of hair, dandruff, etc.

12. Inflammation:

Selenium is an anti-inflammatory agent. Incorporating selenium with vitamin E could cure chronic problems like psoriasis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and eczema.

Some important suggestions for Selenium:

Avoid excessive consumption.

Excessive intake can result in low high blood pressure, diabetic issues, blood chemistry discrepancies, and also increased danger of blood loss and several other disorders.

They have side impacts when they are taken with medicines for erectile dysfunction, birth control, painkillers, heartburn, blood stress, blood thinners, and also diabetes.

Selenium should not be taken in by bust feeding/ pregnant females or infants.

Lower intake creates a disease called Keshan. This triggers abnormality in the heart muscles.