#Japanese grammar

[haru-dipthong]

The difference between あのー and えーっと

As I touched on in my japanese goncharov post, it’s amazing how much novel research, entertainment, and art are locked behind a language barrier. Even though as english speakers, we are privileged to have many things translated into our language, it’s a simple fact that most things will not be translated into most languages.

I am a huge fan of ゆる言語学ラジオ, a japanese podcast about linguistics. The hosts recently released a book, 言語沼, which goes into detail about some of the subconscious rules native japanese speakers follow but aren’t consciously aware of (an english equivalent might be that adjective-ordering rule we follow e.g. big brown cow, not brown big cow). I’m finding it fascinating, and I wanted to discuss some of it here in english, because I think people learning japanese would find some of these things really useful. It’d be a shame if this knowledge stayed stuck behind the japanese language barrier when the people who would find it the most useful can’t speak japanese fluently enough to read it!

The book talks about how most Japanese people will think of 「あのー」 and 「えーっと」 as having the exact same meaning - they’re both “meaningless” filler words. Despite their belief that they’re the same, those same native speakers will subconsciously only use あのー in one particular type of situation and 「えーっと」 in another, and even feel confused or annoyed if they hear another speaker use one in the wrong context.

So what’s the actual difference? 「えーっと」 is used when the speaker is taking time to remember or solve something. For example, the following exchange is very natural:

Person A: 7 x 5は？ Person B: えーっと、35だ

This makes it a pretty versatile filler word! You can use it pretty much anywhere. Another example would be when you’re talking to yourself, trying to remember where you left your keys.

えーっと、鍵どこ置いたっけ？

On the other hand, あのー is much more specific. It can only be used when you’re taking time to figure out the best way to phrase something. For example, when you’re trying to get a stranger’s attention.

あのー、ちょっといいですか？

In contrast, if Person A was addressed with 「えーっと、ちょっといいですか？」by Person B, they’d feel it was rude because instead of considering how to say something, B is considering what to say, which gives the impression that they hadn’t even figured out what they needed to ask before addressing Person A.

This gives 「あのー」 a more ”polite” feeling than 「えーっと」, even though neither is actually more polite than the other. They’re just used in different circumstances.

Let’s quickly look at the example with the lost keys again. If you replace the filler word:

あのー、鍵どこ置いたっけ？

It is very unnatural. The authors of the book jokingly say that it sounds like you’re talking to a ghost, because 「あのー」 is only used when you’re figuring out how to phrase something, and you wouldn’t worry about that if you’re talking to yourself.

Also, did you know even japanese children properly use each filler word in the correct situation? Despite almost all japanese people (even as adults) being unaware of this rule, they’re subconsciously abiding by it even as children - just from listening to their parents follow the same rules!

It really is amazing how good your subconscious mind is at acquiring language, and how terrible your conscious mind is at it. If you’re not already, I highly recommend integrating a lot of simple language content (e.g. youtube, kids shows, etc) into your study routine - listening to people talk is simply the fastest way to become fluent in your target language.

[anza-langblr]

接続詞（せつぞくし）

conjunctions - words that are used to link phrases together

情報を加える // Adding information：

しかも　besides そのうえ　moreover, on top of that さらに　moreover, on top of that そればかりか　not only that, but also... そればかりでなく　not only that, but also...

情報を対比する // Putting into contrast：

それに対して　in contrast 一方　whereas

他の可能性・選択肢を言う // Giving alternatives：

あるいは　or perhaps (presenting another possibility) それとも　or (presenting another option within a question)

結論を出す// Drawing a conclusion：

そのため　for that reason したがって　therefore そこで　for that reason (I went ahead and did...) すると　thereupon (having done that triggered sth. to happen) このように　with this (adjusting a conclusion to the arguments given beforehand) こうして　in this way

理由を言う // Giving a reason：

なぜなら...からだ　the reason is というのは...からだ　the reason is

逆説を表現する // Expressing a contradiction：

だが　however, yet, nevertheless (contradicting what one would have expected) ところが　even so (spilling a surprising truth) それなのに　despite this, still それでも　but still (despite a certain fact, nothing changes)

説明を補う // Amending one's explanation：

つまり　that is, in other words (saying the same thing using different words) いわば　so to speak (making a comparison) 要するに　to sum up, in short

説明を修正する // Revising one's explanation：

ただし　however (adding an exception to the information stated beforehand) ただ　only, however もっとも　however (obviating any expectations that might arise through the previous statement) なお　in addition, note that (adding supplementary information)

話題を変える // Changing the subject：

さて　well, now, then (common in business letters after the introductory sentence; is often ignored in tranlations) ところで　by the way

[goodplan-ipromise]

[seherstudies]

Grammar: Aとのことだ

Meaning: Presents information/results

---

Construction: A とのことだ 会長さんは今日いらっしゃらないとのことだ(the boss apparently won't be coming in today) AとのS 来（こ）られないとの連絡(れんらく）がありました ((he) left a message saying (he) couldn't come)

---

クラスの種類は初期イメージから増えているとのことでしたが、そのバリエーションはどのように増えていったのでしょ��。

クラスの　しゅるいは　しょきイメージから　ふえているとのことでしたが、そのバリエーションは　どのように　ふえていったのでしょう。

You mentioned that the variety of classes has increased since the initial conception. How did they increase?

---

Notes: Although not technically 敬語 (けいご), this is usually used in formal situations, like in the workplace. The example sentence is from an interview with game developers about the game.

[nihongo-enthusiast]

How To Use ところ

1. 駅に着いたところで、電車が出発しました。

"Just as I arrived at the station, the train departed."

2. 宿題をしているところです。

"I'm in the middle of doing my homework."

3. お腹がすいたところに、友達から食べ物の差し入れがありました。

"Just when I was hungry, my friend brought me some food."

4. 映画を見終わったところで、雨が降り始めました。

"Just after finishing the movie, it started to rain."

5. 電話をかけようとしたところで、バッテリーが切れてしまいました。

"Just as I was about to make a phone call, my battery died."

1. Indicating a Point in Time or Action:

"ところ" can indicate a specific point in time or action. It's often used with verbs in the present tense, present progressive form (-ている) to express an ongoing action; or past tense to indicate you have just finished doing something.

1a. Verb stem + ところ indicates you are about to do the action, you are going to start the action.

• 今から勉強するところです。"I'm about to study now "

1b. Verb present progressive form + ところ indicates you are in the midst of doing the action. You are currently doing the action.

• 彼は料理を作っているところです。 "He is in the middle of cooking."

1c. Verb past tense + ところ indicates you have finished the action; the action is completed.

• ちょうど帰って来たところです。"I just got home."

• 彼女はお風呂から出たところです。 "She has just come out of the bath."

2. Indicating Circumstances or Situations:

"ところ" can also describe the circumstances or situation surrounding an action or event.

• 電車に乗るところで、友達に会いました。 "I met my friend while I was about to board the train."

3. Indicating a Close Call or Coincidence: Verb stem + ところ (だった / でした) can express a situation where something narrowly almost happened or coincidentally occurred.

• 遅れるところでしたが、間に合いました。 "I almost arrived late, but I made it in time."

4. Expressing Inevitability:

In some cases, "ところ" can convey a sense of inevitability or expectation regarding an action or event.

• 彼はいつか成功するところだ。 "He is bound to succeed someday."

5. Indicating a Specific Place or Location: While less common, "ところ" can also mean "place" or "location" when used in specific contexts.

• ここは賑やかなところです。 "This place is lively."

6. Expressing Emotional States:

In colloquial language, "ところ" can sometimes be used to express one's emotional state or feelings.

• びっくりしたところです。 "I was surprised."

[tokidokitokyo]

JLPT N2 Grammar げ

Meaning: looks like, seems like, appears to be

Note: ～げ becomes a な-adjective

な-adjective → remove な

入学式の朝、息子はとても不安げだったが、学校から帰ってくると、明るい表情だった。

にゅうがくしき の あさ、むすこ は とても ふあんげ だった が、がっこう から かえって くる と、あかるい ひょうじょう だった。

On the morning of the school entrance ceremony, my son looked nervous, but when he returned home from school, he had a cheerful expression.

い-adjective → remove い (irregular: いい／よい → よさ)

あの人は寂しげな目をしている。

あの ひと は さびしげ な め を して いる。

That person has a lonely look in their eyes.

Verb → (stem form) remove ます

ずいぶん、自信ありげだね。

ずいぶん、じしん ありげ だね。

You seem very confident.

Verb → (tai form) remove い

あの子はケーキを食べたげな顔をしている。

あの こ は ケーキ を たべたげ な かお を して いる。

That child has a look on their face like they want to eat the cake.

Noun (very limited)

お客さんに大人げない態度をとってしまった。

おきゃくさん に おとなげ ない たいど を とって しまった。

I took an immature attitude with the customer.

[studyjapanesewithme]

Credit to @japanese_with_josh

I found this really helpful to hear a real life situation- not just from a textbook!

[masaotheheckindog]

・Vocabularies of the day:

枝 (えだ) - branch

株 (かぶ) - (tree) stump, stock (financial). This one is fun because it's the same pronunciation as turnip, which is why in animal crossing you buy and sell turnips like stocks.

拾う (ひろう) - to pick up (e.g. off the ground)

・Grammar points studied:

1. ​​ である: written Japanese

This lesson was about the だ/である. It's a formal style of writing that has an authoritative tone. It's often used for things like academic papers, legal documents, and sometimes newspaper articles. In this style, verbs at the end of sentences will be in casual form, and where you might hear です in spoken Japanese, you might see である or だ.

2. ～が欲しい・～てほしい

This two-part lesson explains how to say you 'want' something (a noun that can be possesed) with ～が欲しい.

For example: パソコンが欲しい。

With ～てほしい, you can say that you want someone else to do something. For example,

田中さんに事務所に来てほしいです。(I want Tanaka to come to the office)

・Kanji practice (anki's kanji damage deck) Current percent mature: 98.95%

・Current grammar progress (using marumori.io):

N5 - 82/82

N4 - 57/110

N3 - 0/180

N2 - 0/200

N1 - 0/250

[flamingo-studies]

日本語ブログ　ようこぞ！/ Welcome to my Japanese language blog!

日本語で：初めまして！　フライともうす。　5年くらい前に日本語が勉強している。日本へ行ったことがないんだけど、ぜひ行きたいやねん。いつか日本で勉強したいも。今自分で習っている。趣味は　漫画を読むとか、犬と散歩に行くとか、カンピンやねん。

漢字が少し難しいんだけど、おもろいと思う。そして関西弁がめっちゃおもろいやねん。

私は　スペイン語とか、英語とか、日本語が　はなせる。イタリア語少しんだけど。

英語：Hi! My name is Fry. I''ve been studying Japanese for 5 years or so. I've never been to Japan but I definitely want to go. I'd like to study in Japan someday as well. Right now I'm studying on my own. I like to read manga, walk my dogs and go camping.

Although kanji is a bit hard, I think it's pretty cool. Also Kansaiben (Kansai's dialect) is very cool too.

I can speak Spanish, English and Japanese. And just a little bit of Italian.

Like/Reblog if you're another langblr, or studyblr in general or post any of the following, so I can follow you!

haikyuu, jujutsu kaisen, demon slayer, fullmetal alchemist, one piece

anything japan related

nature or plants

art, literature

any variety of academia blog

[nordic-language-love]

N5 Grammar Review: Vない

The ない form of the verb is used to mean "not" or "don't". I'm going to make some posts about grammar that uses this form soon, but first I thought it'd be good to go over how exactly we get the ない form.

To make the ない form:

Group 1: change the last 'u' in the dictionary form to 'a', then add ない:

書く（かく）→ 書かない [to write -> not write]

話す（はなす）→ 話さない [to speak -> not speak]

立つ（たつ）→ 立たない [to stand -> not stand]

遊ぶ（あそぶ）→ 遊ばない [to play -> not play]

読む（よむ）→ 読まない [to read -> not read]

知る（しる）→ 知らない [to know -> not know]

Be careful! If the verb ends in う, it becomes わ:

歌う（うたう）→ 歌わない [to sing -> not sing]

買う（かう）→ 買わない [to buy -> not buy]

Group 2: add ない to the stem:

食べる（たべる）→ 食べない [to eat -> not eat]

寝る（ねる）→ 寝ない [to sleep -> not sleep]

見る（みる）→ 見ない [to see -> not see]

教える（おしえる）→ 教えない [to teach -> not teach]

Group 3 of course is a bit different:

する → しない [to do -> not do]

来る（くる）→ こない [to come -> not come]

The ない form is used in casual speech to mean "don't/doesn't do":

Particles in brackets because you can drop them in casual speech.

魚（は）食べない さかな（は）たべない = I don't eat fish

父（は）雑誌（を）読まない ちち（は）ざっし（を）よまない = My dad doesn't read magazines

コーヒー（を）全然飲まない コーヒー（を）ぜんぜん　のまない = I don't drink coffee at all

Other than that, the ない form is used a lot as a base for more complex grammar. It's important to get to grips with it early on.

I'm still a beginner myself (I'm only N4 level!) so please let me know if I've made any mistakes!

[onigiriforears]

After approx. 2-3 months of studying Japanese I started to read free graded readers online and then graduated to a collection of short stories that I purchased off of Amazon. I thought that the reason I was starting to have trouble understanding sentences was because I didn't know enough vocabulary but it was because I neglected grammar completely. It was sorta drilled into my head off of Youtube creators to just study kanji, vocab and simple sentences as much as possible before even touching grammar. I feel absolutely lost, dude. I am at the 5 month mark now. I can "breeze through" kanji for the most part. (as in, I can actually retain it in a decent amount of time) I decided to study grammar about a week ago. It is SO FREAKING HARD. I don't know if there's something wrong with me or what. I don't know if it's supposed to feel like what I thought I knew is being ripped apart at the seams, stapled together, and then torn apart again....but it does.

Do you have any tips for learning grammar? Is this feeling normal? Can you tell me when the pressure in my skull will subside? I am using Bunpro's free trial but I'm unsure if this tool will actually help me. I write tons of notes to flip through but I still fail to give them the nuanced answer they're looking for. I really enjoy the setup of Bunpro and I want to like it since it's similar to WK but I'm not sure if I'm going too fast or there's a better way to learn. I stopped learning 5 new grammar points a day and started doing only 2. (I also have Genki I and watch GameGengo. He explains things in a way that's easy for my brain to understand.) Sorry for the long post but any insight would be appreciated. I'm a bit nervous asking people in the language learning community for help or insight because a lot of them treat it as a way to show how fast they learned/1-up others. Tumblr's langlearn community is a lot different with what I've seen (or maybe I'm just following the right ppl lol)

Hi! Thank you so much for waiting for this response--I'm sorry it took so long. Your message was one of the ones that popped up when they locked my ask box (they actually still haven't answered me on why it was locked so 🤷‍♀️). To make up for that, I'm gonna be longwinded because I think that this is a super valid and important question that others may also want to know the answer to!!

Pls pls PLEASE DM me if none of this is helpful or if you'd like to talk more about what you think you need help with!!

I think that sometimes when we're learning a new language that we know is so overwhelmingly different from our own language, we focus on the things that we think will be the main hinderance and sometimes we forget the key points. You might be thinking "how did I forget grammar?" but I would say don't beat yourself up about it! Many of us focus on the things that we think are our problems(--the last time I studied for the JLPT, I focused on my weak point too much and then was frustrated with myself during the exam bc I neglected the other areas.)

I don't want to lie to you and say that learning grammar will is going to get easier because that's not the case for everyone. Think of learning grammar vs everything else as learning different types of math or science--have you ever had a friend that was absolutely phenomenal at algebra or calculus but couldn't do geometry? Or a friend that was wonderful lab partner in chemistry but struggled in biology? They're struggling in biology because it requires a ton of rote memorization in comparison to practical application and math that's present in chemistry and rote memorization may not necessarily be their strong point. Personally, I think that's also why a lot of us struggle with certain grammar points. There are some that just click with us immediately and then there are others that we have to see over and over and over and over and over--you get the point--just for us to find a single sentence with it that we understand. If you're math oriented, we need to figure out a way to no longer make grammar points rote memorization for you, but to turn it into a formula of some sort. I actually write my notes out in ways that are like that--I use plus signs (+) in my notes not because the textbooks use them but because my brain genuinely reads it as "noun + particle + grammar point = a sentence that makes sense" because, for me, formulas don't fail. Your weak point doesn't have to be your weakness--you can turn the weakness into a strength that works just for you.

I've been going at this for years and every single professor or Japanese friend (or even people from the discord server) I have can tell you that I've struggled with pretty much any grammar point that included ~ように--and it wasn't because I wasn't trying, but because I couldn't find myself using any sentences that with those grammar points because I found the alternatives/similar ones to make more sense. Surprisingly, it wasn't until I was reading 夜カフェ for our book club that I was actually able to start grasping the meaning (ngl, I still haven't used it myself--I'm notorious for using alternatives); I was finally witnessing it being used in a way that made sense in my brain.

The frustration you're feeling when you encounter a new grammar point or overload yourself with too many things in one go is completely normal and I promise that a ton of us in the Japanese langblr community have definitely experienced it too! It probably feels like everything you know is being ripped apart because your native language may have a SVO (subject-verb-object) format while Japanese has a SOV (subject-object-verb) format--your 1-to-1 translations for your notes may not be helpful in the beginning because you're still trying to wrap your brain around the fact that your words still need to go in another order than you're used to. And then you add the new grammar points and concepts on top of that (like particles and other things) and it can become overwhelming and frustrating. Sometimes, you're going to find some grammar points just downright annoying--especially when you find that there's no equivalency to it in your own language. But don't give up!

I know this is a super cliché thing to say, but practicing them will help. If you can, I would make note of the grammar points that you're struggling with, try to make sentences with them, and ask somebody to check them and explain exactly why (or why not) they're working and then ask them for examples because they may have an even better way of explaining it to you than what you've come up with for yourself!

I can look back at old notes and see when I wrote a sentence as an example just because a textbook/professor used it but I didn't actually understand why it worked at the time and then I can also find notes where the sentences written as examples were added once I finally found something that clicked for me.

You've already done yourself a favor by learning a lot of vocab, kana, and kanji because now you'll be able to try out an array of ways to pick up grammar instead of just a textbook. (I will make a note that if you're looking to take the JLPT, I would recommend having a list of grammar points that you would need to know for the level that you're planning on sitting for because there's no guarantee of what will or won't pop up on the test.)

Another important thing while you're practicing: be comfortable with making mistakes. We all make them, but when you're learning a new language it's important to be ready to make mistakes and to welcome them with open arms because it gives you a chance to experience and learn in real time.

ALSO: for you specifically--because you're interested in reading, you might enjoy learning grammar through tracking the different grammar points through what you're reading and using the sentences as your examples because they're all going to be cohesive. And if reading books or other things totally turn you off right now, maybe games? Animal Crossing and Pokemon are very nice games to play in Japanese for people that are just starting out! You may also enjoy using Lingo Legend--it's an JRPG language learning app that I beta tested and I think that it's a nice way to review (it has some fun incentives). I'm not a big gamer, so I struggle with learning through games, but I've been picking up a lot of grammar through reading because I focus on finding things that I'm interested in, rather than things that are "at my level." When I start a manga, I will scour a ton of websites and forums and bug a ton of people when I come across a grammar point that I can't wrap my brain around because I want to be able to understand what's going on.

We have book clubs and gamers in my discord server, as well as places for people to post what they're practicing or to ask for help. We have people of all varying levels and different skillsets that love to share their wisdom with others.

I haven't used Bunpro, but I know that @sammilearns has, so she may be able to weigh in on that! And @tokidokitokyo @nihongoseito @chouhatsumimi @kanpeki-bekki @burgeoning-ambition probably also have even more tips that me--I'm trying to tag people that I know we all learn in different ways, so their tips and tricks might be just what you need!

Please weigh in, fellow langblr members! How have you been learning grammar? Are you game-ifying it? Have you turned it into math equations? Have you managed to tie it in with your special interest? I can't wait to see what people add to this post!

[haru-dipthong]

Why are anime translations so bad?

Disclaimer: I have never done any professional translation, and I don’t watch dubbed/subbed anime very often. But recently I watched a few episodes of subbed Demon Slayer at a friend’s place, and I noticed how bad some of the translations were. It reminded me of my childhood, watching subbed Ghibli movies and thinking “that english sounds weird”. As a kid I thought it was an unavoidable part of translation, but now that I can speak Japanese, I realise that we can do so much better with translations!

This post is my attempt to identify what a “bad” translation is, and hazard some guesses at what mistakes translators make that lead to these bad translations.

Examples are from Ranking of Kings, episodes 10 and 11. Screenshots taken from Crunchyroll.

What do I mean by bad?

Reason 1: They don’t sound like natural English.

If a character in an english cartoon said some of the stuff that characters in anime say in translations, it would sound very unnatural. Anime-translation english is unnatural and awkward sounding.

ダイダ様、久しぶりに街に出てみますか？ Price Daida, it’s been a while, so why don’t we go down into town?

This example sounds awkward. What’s with the random “so” in the middle of the sentence? No one in English media talks like that. If you just remove the “so” and replace it with a full stop, we get a much more natural sounding sentence.

Price Daida, it’s been a while. Why don’t we go down into town?

Or even something like this:

Price Daida, why don’t we go into town? It’s been a while since you’ve been down there.

Reason 2: They don’t fit the character.

This screenshot shows the character Kage speaking (the black blob). He has a character trait of being kind of immature and almost never using polite Japanese, even to royalty, which is very disrespectful. The original translation makes him sound so formal! Kage is supposed to sound like a 15 year old who tries way too hard to be rough and intimidating. Can you imagine someone like that saying “You may say those things”?

いやいやいや、なんかいい感じなこと言ってるけど、違うからね！ No, no, no! You may say those feel-good things, but reality is different!

It doesn’t preserve his characterisation at all. Way too formal and not juvenile enough! A better translation would be:

No, no, no! Nice motivational speech, but they’re just words!

The devil’s advocate & descriptivism

Now, I’ll preface this by saying I am a hardcore descriptivist. I’m not saying that these translations are wrong, or that the resulting English is incorrect English. What I’m saying is that they do not achieve the goals of a good translation, those goals being preserving what is being said and how it’s being said.

It could be argued that by now, anime translations have become a new dialect of English. Anime fans have come to expect the awkward-sounding phrasing, and instead might see natural English as unexpected. This is a fine rebuttal of my first point (it sounds awkward) but not of my second point (speech-pattern-based characterisation is often lost). Even then, anime translations are not exclusively for established anime fans. First time viewers may be put off by the unnatural language choices and strange turns of phrase. “Anime is cringe” they might say, and they wouldn’t be wrong. A good translation should be understandable to the entire target audience, and first time or casual viewers certainly make up a large portion of that target audience.

Why do the translations end up so bad?

They err on the side of direct translation over meaning-based translation

Often, it seems like the main nouns and verbs in the sentence get translated verbatim, and the rest of the translation is forced to bend around those. In addition, they do not consider how a similar sentiment might be phrased in english. Even if it’s a japanese way of saying something, they preserve the individual words instead of changing the whole sentence. Let’s look at the Kage example from before:

いやいやいや、なんかいい感じなこと言ってるけど、違うからね！ No, no, no! You may say those feel-good things, but reality is different!

I’ve coloured the text so you can see which pieces got translated separately. In this example, basically every word is being translated separately. Now let’s look at my example:

いやいやいや、なんかいい感じなこと言ってるけど、違うからね！ No, no, no! Nice motivational speech, but they’re just words!

I’m translating the entire middle verb phrase as one atomic piece of meaning. It’s not individually important that, for example, the specific word 言ってる was used, so it’s not important that I translate it directly to the word “say”. What is important is that Kage is saying that Despa is saying some nice stuff, but it doesn’t change the facts. I have a feeling that the more you can group words together and translate them as a whole phrase, the more natural the translation ends up sounding (and the more characterisation you can preserve).

They use weird words, due to dictionary translation

Let’s look at another example:

兄上は弱者だと、どこか甘えていないか？ Aren’t they sort of spoiling Brother, just because he’s a weakling?

In this example, the word 弱者 is translated as “weakling”. “Weakling” is a pretty rare word to hear outside of anime. That’s probably the best direct translation if we’re looking at the word 弱者 out of context. However, words always appear in context. Both times the word 弱者 is used to refer to a person in this episode, it’s used to refer to disabled people (Bojji, who is deaf, and a citizen, who is both blind and deaf). The citizen is actually not physically weak, in fact he looks pretty chunky and strong, so 弱者 is not being used to refer to his physical strength, only his disability. The English word “weakling” strongly suggests physical weakness, so I don’t feel like it’s appropriate here. Instead, I feel like a more appropriate translation would be:

Do you think Brother gets special treatment, just because he’s so pathetic?

Daida is immature and heartless at this point in his character. He has contempt for both Bojji and the citizen, and sees them as weak, but he also feels pity for them. I think the word “pathetic” sums up his emotions for them much better than the word “weakling”, as well as not coming loaded with the incorrect “physical weakness” connotation.

As a side note, you may have noticed I translated the first part of the sentence differently too. That’s another example of how (in my opinion) grouping words together to translate a phrase as a whole results in a much more natural phrasing.

They try to preserve the original grammar

An important skill to have when translating is knowing which aspects of the phrase are important to preserve in translation, and which parts are not important. Word order and grammar are almost never important enough to preserve.

ダイダ様こそ、選ばれた人間。 Prince Daida, you are one who is chosen.

In this example, the past tense verb 「選ばれた/chosen」modifying the noun 「人間/person」 seems to have been determined to be important to preserve by the translator, which leads to the awkward phrasing “one who is chosen”. In reality, the minutia of the original grammar is not important to preserve - we can translate 選ばれた人間 as a set phrase rather than translating the words individually:

Prince Daida, you are one of the chosen few.

Again, we can see that the translation is improved by grouping words together and translating the phrase as a piece of atomic meaning!

Anime translation is a naturally restrictive medium

For dubs, the characters’ mouth movements need to match up. This really narrows down the possibilities of translation options. It means that sub-optimal word choices may be used, and the rhythm of speech may be forced into an odd speed in places.

For subs, although the syllables and mouth movements don’t need to match up as perfectly as they do in dubs, the subtitles still end up needing to be applied over the same moments of speech. However, often, if the given situation in the anime was to be completely reframed in English, maybe no one would have said anything at that moment. There are times when someone would say something in Japanese that you would expect someone to not say anything in english.

デスパー：弟子の悪口は許しますけど、私の悪口は許しませんよ！！ カゲ：逆でしょ！！！！ Despa: You can insult my apprentice, but I won’t let you insult me! Kage: You’ve got it backwards!

In Japanese comedy, the role of ツッコミ (best translation is “the straight man”) is ubiquitous and plays the part of a laugh track - telling audiences when to laugh. In this case, Kage is playing the part of ツッコミ by pointing out that what Despa has said is the opposite of what you’d expect him to say. In this example, I feel like if this was an English cartoon, Kage wouldn’t have said anything. English speaking comedies generally expect/trust audiences to get the jokes without them being explicitly pointed out. I feel like this shows how attempting to fit subtitles to every spoken phrase can lead to slightly unnatural turns of phrase, since the translator is attempting to fit some speech into a place where there wouldn’t have been any in the first place. In my opinion, the best “translation” for the above would have been to cut the 1 second clip where Kage butts in with his line altogether.

———

Again, I should reiterate that I’m not a translator. I’m very keen to hear counter-arguments if you disagree with what I’ve said! Translations have got me really interested recently and I’m hungry for more opinions.

[anza-langblr]

改まった形｜Polite Forms

In formal settings like in a business meeting or at a public gathering some words are switched with politer forms. You often hear them when somebody is giving a speech, holding a presentation or on TV. But they appear in written form as well, especially in business context. Basically, everywhere where keigo is used, it is also expected to apply politer forms.

[inkichan]

understand, see, hear · particle が · particle と

(⁠｡⁠•̀⁠ᴗ⁠-⁠)⁠✧ N5 grammar [ことのは lesson 18]

わかる, みえる, きこえる

The particle を is generally used to indicate the direct object with transitive verbs, but with the verbs: 分かる (わかる -> to understand), 見える (みえる -> to see), 聞こえる (きこえる -> to hear) you have to use the particle が

example: スパイン語(ご)が分(わ)かりますか translation: do you understand Spanish?

particle が

we have seen the particle が being used to indicate the direct object of some verbs, but it can also express a relationship between two contrasting or opposing clauses.

example: 冬(ふゆ)ですが、 今日(きょう)は 暑(あつ)いです translation: it is winter, but it's hot today

particle と

✩ with (accompained by): this particle is used to indicate specify the person or animal with whom an action is being performed. person/animal と -> with person/animal

example: ケンくんとこの映画(えいが)を見(み)ました translation: I saw this movie with Ken

✩ exhaustive list nouns: this particle is used at the end of a list of two or more objects (inanimate or animate). Noun A + と + Noun B -> Noun A and Noun B

example: サラさんに 本(ほん)と辞書(じしょ)をあげました

translation: I have my book and dictionary to Sarah.

またね～@inkichan

꒰ა ˚₊ ✧・┈・╴﹕꒰ ᐢ｡- ༝ -｡ᐢ ꒱﹕╴・┈・𐑺 ‧₊˚໒꒱

[nihongo-enthusiast]

How To Read and Understand Japanese Sentences.

As you know, Japanese language is a SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) pattern while English is SVO pattern.

Some learners may know a good amount of vocabulary words but they still cannot understand the meaning of a sentence even if they know how to read every single word in that sentence. Why is that so?

This may be due to learners reading the wrong way. In order to understand Japanese sentences, follow the following steps:

1. Identify the subject with the noun followed by either a は or が. (Usually in the beginning of a sentence but there are some writers who purposely put the subject in the middle.)

2. Read the end of the sentence to locate the verb. Yes, you read this right. Just go straight to the end of the sentence to identify the verb.

Example:

私はその人を常に先生と呼んでいた。

In this sentence, the subject is 「私は」。Next, go straight to the end and identify the verb

Here, the verb is 「呼んでいた」 which means "called".

So now, you know what the subject is doing with 私は and 呼んでいた which means "I called."

Next, read the rest of the middle part 「その人を常に先生と…」 meaning "that person always teacher"

The whole sentence means "I always called that person as teacher."

Note: This sentence is the first opening line from the Japanese classic literature novel 「こころ」 by 夏目漱石。