#J.L.A.

[committingtothetbr]

Review: The War of Two Queens by J.L.A

Another book down in the TBR! I finally feel like I’m getting somewhere here! I will be discussing some plot points in the book, I recommend you not going any further if you are not interested in finding out any spoilers.

One of the biggest setbacks, for sure, is Casteel being away for so many chapters. You know this at the start of the novel before you even begin, but it still sucks. You’re just wishing as the reader for the two to be together again. Although J.L.A does spice it up with some scenes for us and the characters based off of dream walking, it doesn’t satisfy the urge for me when the two characters are physically together. They are an electrifying duo and I hated that they were apart for even a little bit.

Where Casteel was absent for most of the novel, we finally saw wolven Kieran filling his shoes. Poppy and Kieran had a very interesting dynamic for this book. Some would stay it steps over lines, others would not and that’s not the discourse I’m here to talk about. What I am here to discuss and kinda love is that they had time to feel each other out privately and create a bond without Casteel around. I don’t think the characters would have been able to explore their connection if the King were heading to the bedroom with Poppy every five chapters.

The Joining was a little disappointing as I thought there would be more KieranxPoppy action or at least a little more detail on who was doing what but I feel like that will be for later books? If not, give justice to Kieran!!!! I think he could slay if given the chance, please. However, if this turns into some throuple action that happens when they are feeling it sometimes when they have too much wine, I AM ALL ABOUT IT.

The War of Two Queens has lived up to the years-long hype for me and there was a lot of anticipation surrounding the release. I knew going into this novel that I was to expect the unexpected and that the Joining was happening. All over Tik Tok, I tried to avoid the spoilers as much as I could for two years and I was able to avoid most.

The War of Two Queens was interesting and long. I was definitely into the storyline and understood that the story needed to be broken down again for us and at a slower pace compared to her other books in the series. The amount of development in the storyline that was done in this novel was more than all the books combined. I wish this book had more smut, but I understand we needed plot for a little bit– sadly. 300 pages without Casteel was rough but I’m so happy the gang is back and joined together again. 😉

Rating 3.5/5

[timdrakequotes]

‘The point is…this is our group. Superboy, Impulse and I. We just started hanging out, and we got tagged as “Young Justice,” and then the girls came aboard, and then the J.L.A. was staying on top of us ‘cause we were in their old HQ… But we’re on our own now. And while Reddy’s motives were pure, no one’s going to foist chaperones on us. We’re in charge of our own fates.’

--Tim Drake (Young Justice #46 – Four To Go)

[fanany1966]

LIMA KITAB KUNO YANG MENJADI BUKTI BAHWA INDONESIA HEBAT DI MASA LALU...

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1). KITAB NEGARAKERTAGAMA

Negarakertagama memiliki arti Negara dengan tradisi (agama) yang suci. Kitab ini pertama kali ditemukan di tahun 1894 di istana Raja Lombok. Seorang peneliti bernama J.L.A Brandes menyelamatkannya sebelum dibakar bersama seluruh buku di perpustakaan kerajaan. Naskah ini adalah naskah tunggal yang berhasil ditemukan dan selamat setelah selesai ditulis pada tahun 1365.

Kitab ini ditulis oleh empu Prapanca yang merupakan nama samaran dari Dang Acarya Nadendra. Seorang bekas pembesar agama Buddha di Kerajaan Majapahit saat Prabu Hayam Wuruk berkuasa. Kitab yang merupakan syair kuno Jawa atau kakawin ini menceritakan kejayaan Kerajaan Majapahit saat itu. Salah satu tentang daerah kekuasaan dan juga silsilah keluarga raja. Penemuan kitab ini menjadi bukti jika di masa lalu,Indonesia pernah dikuasai kerajaan hebat dengan tradisi kelas tinggi.

2). KITAB SUTASOMA

Kitab Sutasoma adalah sebuah kakawin atau syair Jawa Kuno yang berisi banyak bait.Orang yang yang menggubah kitab ini hingga terkenal sampai sekarang adalah Empu Tantular.Ia disuruh oleh Hayam Wuruk yang saat itu masih menjadi raja. Kitab ini berisi banyak sekali hal hebat yang masih dipakai sampai sekarang. Anyway,tahukah anda jika semboyan negara kita ini diambil dari kitab yang dibuat pada abad ke-14 itu

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika yang berarti berbeda tapi tetap satu jua adalah petikan bait dari kitab ini. Karya sastra ini juga berisi banyak sekali pelajaran yang berharga.Salah satunya ada mengajarkan toleransi beragama.Sesuatu yang saat ini sudah mulai luntur.Jika kitab ini masih diajarkan sampai sekarang,mungkin Indonesia akan jadi negara yang damai. Tak ada perpecahan seperti yang sekarang terjadi.

3). KITAB ARJUNA WIWAHA

Arjuna Wiwaha adalah sebuah karya sastra kuno yang dibuat dan digubah pertama kali pada abad ke-11 masehi. Seorang empu bernama Kanwa menulisnya saat masa pemerintahan Prabu Airlangga yang menguasai Jawa Timur sekitar tahun 1019-1042. Sastra ini menjadi pusaka berharga karena menjadi bukti peradaban manusia zaman dahulu yang ternyata sudah maju. Bahkan mengenal baca tulis meski hanya kalangan tertentu saja.

Kitab Arjuna Wiwaha, Kitab yang lagi-lagi berupa kakawin ini berisi syair mengenai perjuangan Arjuna. Sebuah tokoh pewayangan yang sangat hebat. Dikisahkan Arjuna sedang bertapa di Gunung Mahameru. Dewa mengujinya dengan mengirim tujuh bidadari yang sangat cantik. Bidadari itu disuruh menggodanya,namun Arjuna lulus godaan. Akhirnya Arjuna disuruh melawan raksasa yang mengamuk di kayangan. Karena berhasil ia boleh mengawini tujuh bidadari yang menggodanya tadi.

4). SERAT CENTHINI

Atau dengan nama lain Suluk Tambangraras adalah sebuah karya sastra terbesar dalam kasusastran Jawa Baru. Di dalam kitab ini banyak sekali tersimpan tradisi,ilmu pengetahuan,dan banyak hal yang saat itu dikhawatirkan akan punah. Adalah Pakubuwana ke-V yang memiliki ide menghimpun segala budaya dan tradisi dari Jawa ini menjadi sebuah serat yang berisi tetembangan.

Serat Centhini, Diperkirakan serat ini dikerjakan pada pertengahan abad ke-18 hingga awal abad ke-19. Pakubuwana ke-V dibantu tiga orang pujangga istana merangkum semua hal agar tidak punah. Pujangga kerajaan ini disuruh berkelana dan menuliskan semuanya yang berkaitan dengan kebudayaan dan juga tradisi lokal. Saat ini Serat Centhini telah digubah dan dibuat versi modern oleh beberapa orang. Bahkan ada yang membuatnya dalam versi novel trilogi agar mudah dicerna.

La Galigo adalah karya sastra paling panjang di dunia saat ini. Berisi sekitar 6.000 halaman, dan 300.000 baris teks membuat La Galigo saat dikagumi di dunia. Karya ini dibuat sekitar abad ke-13 dan ke-15 masehi oleh bangsa Bugis Kuno. Huruf yang digunakan dalam La Galigo masih menggunakan huruf lontara kuno yang tak semua orang bisa membacanya.

5.) LA GALIGO

La Galigo berisi banyak sekali sajak tentang penciptaan manusia. Selain itu juga cerita mitos hebat yang kadang masih diceritakan turun temurun. La Galigo dipercaya ditulis sebelum epik Mahabarata ditulis di India. Saat ini sebagian besar manuskrip asli dari La Galigo terselamatkan dan tersimpan rapi di Museum Leiden,Belanda.Dari lima kitab kuno karya sastra di atas, menunjukkan jika bangsa kita sangatlah hebat di masa lalu. Meski dengan keterbatasan, mereka bisa membuat sesuatu yang bisa dibilang abadi.

SEMOGA GENERASI BARU INDONESIA SAAT INI BISA MELANJUTKAN DAN MENJAGA ADAT TRADISI PENINGGALAN KEJAYAAN NUSANTARA...

#AFR

[turisiancom]

TURISIAN.com – Bagi Sobat Turisian pecinta wisata budaya dan sejarah, bisa berkunjung ke Situs Sendang Kamal di Magetan. Di sana kalian bisa melihat sejumlah tinggalan arkeologis dari dua masa yang berbeda. Keduanya sangat bernilai sejarah. Secara keseluruhan penemuan di Situs Sendang Kamal terdiri atas 4 prasasti dan sendang (sumber air). Dulunya, prasasti di sini ada 4 buah namun sebuah prasasti kini tersimpan di Museum Nasional yang terkenal dengan nama Prasasti Kawambang Kulwan. Sementara tiga prasasti lainnya masih berada di lokasi, tepatnya di sebelah selatan sendang. Pada mulanya, penemuan prasasti tersebut secara terpencar. Batu Prasasti I terletak di sebelah barat atau sekira 15 meter dari kolam. Batu Prasasti II terletak di bagian Timur atau 9 meter dari kolam. Sedangkan Prasasti III terletak 12 meter dari Prasasti II. Ketiga prasasti ini sekarang sudah terkumpul di satu titik lokasi di dekat pintu masuk menuju sendang. Aksara pada prasasti Sendang Kamal menggunakan huruf dan bahasa Jawa Kuna. Pada bagian bawah prasasti terdapat hiasan dengan pahatan bunga padma. J.L.A. Brandes telah berhasil membaca prasasti, meskipun hanya 12 baris bagian awal pada sisi depan. Berdasarkan hasil pembacaan Brades, mendapatkan info bahwa Prasasti Kwambang Kulwan berasal dari tahun 913 S atau 991 M. Berisi tentang pertanggalan, pejabat yang menerima perintah, dan nama bangunan suci. Jenis & Isi Prasasti Sendang Kamal Temuan prasasti di Sendang Kamal tersebut tergolong prasasti Manusuk Sima (penetapan tanah perdikan) di Desa Kawambang Kulwan yang berupa Sima Swantara dan Sri Maharaja (Dharmawangsa Teguh). Kemudian Pu Dharmmasanggramawikranata meneruskan dan Samgat Kanuruhan Pu Burung menerimanya. Baca juga: Melepas Penat di Telaga Wahyu Magetan yang Asri Prasasti tersebut berisi tentang pendirian bangunan suci untuk Dewa Siwa dan adanya ajaran Kitab Siwasasana. Dari prasasti tersebut berhasil mendapatkan keterangan bahwa corak keagamaan yang melatari Prasasti Sendang Kamal adalah Hindu Siwaisme. Sri Maharaja Isana Darmawangsa Teguh Anantawikramotunggadewa yang tertera dalam prasasti adalah raja terakhir Kerajaan Medang di Jawa Timur. Penemuan Sendang atau Sumber Air Selain prasasti di objek wisata budaya dan sejarah ini, yaitu tinggalan arkeologis dari masa kolonial. Berupa sebuah kolam atau sendang (sumber air), serta bekas bangunan yang berdiri sekitar tahun 1921. Kolam Sendang Kamal berukuran panjang 24,6 m dan lebar 23,5 m, dengan kedalaman kurang lebih 2-3 meter. kolam ini tersusun atas batu dan sebagian bata yang sudah memakai plester. Pada bagian utara terdapat saluran pembuangan yang menuju ke bagian timur kolam menuju ke sawah. Kolam tersebut pada awalnya berfungsi sebagai tempat pemandian dan kemudian masyarakat setempat memanfaatkan sebagai tempat pemancingan. Kini kolam Sendang Kamal sudah tidak berfungsi seperti dulu lagi dan hanya sebagai tempat rekreasi. Namun sebagian masyarakat masih percaya dan kerap melakukan ritual di sekitar kolam. Baca juga: Suka Selfie? Ini 5 Spot Destinasi Menarik di Magetan yang Wajib Dikunjungi Lokasi situs bersejarah Sendang Kamal ini terletak di Dusun Sumber, Kelurahan Keraton, Kecamatan Maospati, Kabupaten Magetan, Jawa Timur. Sobat Turisian bisa berkunjung ke cagar budaya ini untuk rekreasi sambil menambah wawasan soal sejarah dan budaya.*     Sumber: sendangkamal.com

[panels-of-interest]

Batman vs. Superman.

[from Injustice (2013) #10]

[thisloveseternal]

I just finished the 3 books in the Blood and Ash series for the 3rd time.

I want to cry more now than the first time. J.L.A please change the release date of book 4 to sooner, I'll never ask for anything ever again. I need some

-baddass Poppy

-Poppy and Kieran friendship fluff

-Cas seeing Poppy and being all damn my wife is so hot when she's tryna save me

And last but not least (idk if J.L.A said it's not happening it is) KIERAN AND REAVER if not romantic then Brotp but please

ALL I WANT IS TO SEE POPPY SAVE CASTEEL THATS IT (AND THEM BEING BADASS RULERS ETC.)

So please Jeniffer listen to my pleas because I can't wait until March 2022 thank you

[elriell]

hello Morgan! Have you read J.L.A's new book (The War of two Queens)? if yes could you tell me what you think? I've read it and I think this fandom reaction is being too excessive and toxic.

Hey! I guess I am quite late to the party which tbh is good because you are right it has been one heck of a reaction, and it's probably for the best I waited. I won't lie to you I had to avoid Twitter for a solid 3-4 days because of the reactions, it was far to much for my tastes.

I have not read the book, (though I have seen bits and pieces) but this is not because of the fandom reaction as I had DNF'd book three way back when it came out because I just struggled so much to get through it and never picked it back up. I didn't even know there was a release until it popped up on my timeline LOL

I was always Pro-Joining as you might know, so I am unbothered by that.

However her writing decreasing, typos etc... is nothing new. So I was shocked by the gravity of peoples reaction. Like I said, I have tried to just avoid it because honestly I don't have the energy to argue over a book I haven't read.

[lazydoodlesandfanfic]

Would You Kindly (Justice League X Male!Reader)

Characters: Justice League X Male!Reader

Universe: DC

Warnings: Mention of illegal activity, and a tiny bit of swearing

Request: Can i get a Justice League x male reader who is so has the power of mind control and their so powerful all they have to do is say: can you kindly _______? The Justice League spies on the r but when he gets captured he's gives up. And decideds to stop But the league give him a choice join J.L.A OR GO TO JAIL. HE JOINS J.L.A.

It took a long time for the Justice League to become aware of you. You covered your tracks well and it wasn’t until an outside source connected several abnormalities which led back to you, and they went to the nearest hero with their findings. When the group found out how serious this was, they all got to work on locating you and finding ways to stand a chance- which was admittedly hard. 

They’re pieced together that you had the power of mind control, and through security cameras with audio and talking to the victims of your powers, all you said before making your request that forced them to do as you said, was “Would you kindly”. It was so subtle and polite but it did the trick, and no one was able to refuse your request. Your crimes included stealing a large amount of money from a bank which you used to get an apartment, and you then ‘convinced’ your landlord to lower the rent and even let you skip months when money was short. However, you also had used your powers for other things; getting another ice cream free to give it to a kid who dropped there, told by the child, and you also stopped a guy getting mugged by telling the robber “Would you kindly fuck off?”. There were several other reports of people who had encountered you and had good experiences. Still, with your powers, you posed a threat if you decided to use your powers for the wrong thing. 

Bruce was in charge of locating you, with Diana being the first one to talk to you and Barry was immediately back up, then Clark, Bruce and Arthur were his back up if things really went haywire. Bruce located you and got a good read on your routine and soon they located a good place to confront you; You walked down a pretty isolated road on your way home, where there was no risk of civilians getting caught in the crossfire. “Hopefully there won’t be too much of a struggle.” Diana pointed out. “If we act before he’s able to say those words and give an order, then we’ll be alright.” 

With a plan in mind they acted, Diana several steps behind you so you wouldn’t notice her as the others followed from high above, until you reached that section of road. “Excuse me?” She called after you. You turned, immediately recognising her, and she heard you mumble ‘shit’. “You know why I’m here?” She asked, catching up to you as you shoved your hands in your coat pockets and chuckling. 

“You finally caught on that I can make people do as I say with a simple phrase?” You questioned, and she nodded. “So… am I under arrest or… do you have that power?” You inquired.

“We’d like to talk with you… if you’d come with me?” She opened an arm to request you to walk in the direction. You picked up on that first word, and you knew it was best to just nod and walk. As you walked behind you, you heard the amount of footsteps grow, and peaking to your left you saw the black of Batman’s suit, and on the right Superman. Oh yeah, you’re in deep trouble. As you reached the end of the street, the batmobile appeared, opening up, and you were ushered inside, where you were isolated from the driver though you felt the car move.

Eventually the car stopped, the door opened and you pulled out, greeted by the Justice League and judging by the cave layout, you were in the batcave. A majority of the team were already sat around a table, The Flash even teasingly patting the seat next to him, and you did as told once again. 

“Alright Y/N, firstly we’d like to know about how you obtained these powers?” Aquaman asked, referencing to yourself with his hand.

“I honestly don’t know, I think I used my powers for the first time when kind of sarcastically asking a teacher if I could go to the bathroom. Then it worked and on a hunch I tried it again and again it worked… dunno why that phrasing and that alone triggers it but hey.” You shrugged.

“And you use it to better yourself?” Superman asked. 

“Not always. I only really use it in those situations when I’m desperate. I was a little shit in school, I barely passed and I’ve got a list of incidents from school so it’s hard for me to find a place that’ll both take me and pay me enough to live. And honestly most of the time it’s a slip of the tongue. I say the words and only then realise what I said and I’ve tried in the past-it’s irreversible.” You explained. “But I do like doing the little things to make someone’s day.”

“I see…” Wonder Woman nodded, before she took a breath in. “We have a proposition for you.” She informed you. “Either you agree to partner with us, use your powers for good and to benefit people, where we’ll also input to make sure you have a roof over your head or… we take you to the police station and hand you in for the crimes you committed.” 

“That’s like asking me if I wanted my favourite cake or to...well… go to prison. Count me in then. What do you need me to do?” You told her, leaning on the table waiting for input, making several members smirk at your enthusiasm. 

Hope you like it! If you have any questions, please send them in! 

*Not my gif

TAGS: @rebellionofthecattle @courtneychicken​  @graysonmalfoy​ @bellero​ @aesthetjic​ @originalpottervengerlock​ @supernatural-pan​ @esoltis280​ @lena-stan-xavier​ @lady-of-lies​ @sebstanismylife​ @macbetheliza @mandywholock1980​ @cdwmtjb8​ @caswinchester2000​ @determinedpines​

[unknownunseenunheard]

Conner: I said I didn't trust him

Linda: Ouch

Conner: And ignored his orders

Linda: Double ouch

Conner: And implied he might be collecting files on us, like Batman with the J.L.A.

Linda: Mortal wound there, kid

Conner: I screwed up big time, didn't I?

Bonus happy ending:

[tiffybaeee]

YOU ARE THE HARDEST PERSON I EVER HAD TO LET GO OF, THE HARDEST LESSON I EVER HAD TO LEARN.. THERE ARE DAYS I WONDER WHAT MY LIFE WOULD BE LIKE IF WE NEVER MET… IF I NEVER HAD TO FORCE MYSELF TO FORGET THE WAY YOUR VOICE SOUNDED THE WAY YOUR BODY FELT, THE WAY YOU SMELT WHEN I HUGGED YOU… WOULD MY LIFE BE EASIER RIGHT NOW?! J.L.A ♾

[committingtothetbr]

Review: A Shadow in the Ember by J.L.A

I can't believe I'm still here and done with the third book in the TBR challenge! I'm so happy I'm actually sticking to it and starting to see some progress. I'm starting to see my book shelf free up and it's making me feel all giddy LOL. Even though we have a long way to go, let's get to it with the wrap-up of this banter, love-bomb-filled, sexy, and steamy fantasy romance that is bound to rip you to shreds as JLA does.

This book is the first prequel novel to the From Blood and Ash universe, and this is absolutely hypnotic. After. being on the SJM train for quite some time, I had read the first three books in the FBAA universe and then I started SJM. Obviously, that took so much time!! However, I'm back with JLA baby and I'm ready! Going into this novel, I was aware that this was going to be a novel based off Nyktos, a Primal (or god) who we briefly met in I believe it was A Crown of Guilded Bones. He gave Daddy energy then, and I just knew we were in for a little treat! I, of course, was hesitant to read this as this was the first book without our beloved Casteel, but nevertheless, I persisted.

And let me tell you something-- I was completely invested!!! It's not history repeating itself, but it's history repeating itself. And knowing what we know now in the FBAA universe, A Shadow in the Ember is an incredibly easy read with the main female protagonist Sera in almost the same footsteps as Poppy. We see a whole new universe unfold with draken and it completely opens up a new storyline to which we hadn't seen before or come across.

Sera is one hell of a fighter and a character, but she doesn't really resonate with me that much and is pretty forgettable. Maybe that's because of the lack of care for her own life and the negative outlook and tone that she may carry, but I know that maybe my ideas and opinions will change on the upcoming books.

This was an intriguing storyline, but I refuse to believe that Nyktos could be so silly and to think that Sera was not supposed to ever come across the idea of killing him. I think it's pretty apparent that that thought should have come across her doorstep once or twice before, I don't really know why Ash is so naive when it comes to THAT. lol.

I usually don't give five stars out this much, but I already bought the next book and I'm invested in the story line. For me not to give the book a high rating would be doing a disservice to the author. Regardless of what people may think when it comes to the editing style, Jen always keeps me invested and coming back for another book. JLA, you easily sucked me back into your world, you.

Personal Rating: 5/5

[timdrakequotes]

Superboy: I was just thinkin’ about what went down on Apokolips during the war. Robin and I, well…we had words.

Supergirl: I take it they weren’t all nice ones.

Superboy: I said I didn’t trust him.

Supergirl: Ouch.

Superboy: And ignored his orders.

Supergirl: Double ouch.

Superboy: And implied he might be collecting files on us, like Batman with the J.L.A. Screwed up big time, didn’t I?

--Kon-El and Kara Zor-El on Tim Drake (Young Justice #38 – Stuff Happens)

[lionel3350]

“Forgotten heroes... Harlem Hellfighters New York 369th. WWI” Harlem Hellfighters Assignment to French Army 1918 15th Infantry in France, wearing French helmets The U.S. Army decided on 8 April 1918 to assign the unit to the French Army for the duration of American participation in the war because many white American soldiers refused to perform combat duty with blacks. The men were issued French weapons, helmets, belts, and pouches, although they continued to wear their U.S. uniforms. While in the United States, the 369th Regiment was subjected to intense racial discrimination, and its members looked down upon. French Colonel J.L.A. Linard of the American Expeditionary Force headquarters was persuaded to write the notorious pamphlet Secret Information Concerning Black American Troops, which "warned" French civilian authorities of the alleged inferior nature and supposed racist tendencies of African Americans. In France, the 369th was treated as if they were no different than any other French unit. For the most part, the French did not show hatred towards them and did not racially segregate the 369th. The French accepted the all black 369th Regiment with open arms and welcomed them to their country. Due to manpower shortages, the French were less concerned with race than the Americans. The 369th Infantry Regiment was relieved 8 May 1918 from assignment to the 185th Infantry Brigade, and went into the trenches as part of the French 16th Division. It served continuously until 3 July before returning to combat in the Second Battle of the Marne. Later, the 369th was reassigned to Gen. Lebouc's 161st Division to participate in the Allied counterattack. On one tour, they were out for over six months, which was the longest deployment of any unit in World War I. On 19 August, the regiment went off the line for rest and training of replacements. While overseas, the Hellfighters saw enemy propaganda intended for them. It claimed Germans had done nothing wrong to blacks, and they should be fighting the U.S., which had oppressed them for years. It had the opposite of the intended effect. On 25 September 1918 the Fourth French Army went on the offensive in conjunction w https://www.instagram.com/p/CPZvTrpnv-e/?utm_medium=tumblr

[pius2017]

The Creation of a Hybrid and Innovative Model of Occupational Health Delivery through the Lens of Institutional Work

The Creation of a Hybrid and Innovative Model of Occupational Health Delivery through the Lens of Institutional Work

The Creation of a Hybrid and Innovative Model of Occupational Health Delivery through the Lens of Institutional Work Fabian, J.L.A. (2020). Workplace Injury Statistics – 2019 Year-End Data for Workplace Accidents, Injuries, and Deaths. Retrieved from https://workinjurysource.com/workplace-injury-statistics-2019/ Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. (2020). Occupational Health. Retrieved…

[panels-of-interest]

Batman vs. Deathstroke.

[from Infinite Crisis (2005) #7]

[celotehku]

MENGENAL JENIS-JENIS SERAT PARARATON

Serat Pararaton atau yang terkadang disebut juga dengan Katuturanira Ken Angrok sering sekali digunakan sebagai sumber penulisan sejarah Indonesia masa klasik Hindu -- Budha. Selama ini banyak pendapat yang simpang siur tentang Serat Pararaton. Beberapa golongan menganggap Serat Pararaton merupakan karya sastra yang ditulis oleh anonim dari masa ke masa melihat dari betapa rincinya kisah peristiwa yang ditulis. Pihak lain menganggap Serat Pararaton hanya sekedar fiksi atau karangan belaka karena angka tahun penulisannya jauh setelah peristiwa tersebut terjadi.

Tahukah kalian bahwa sebenarnya jumlah manuskrip Serat Pararaton yang ditemukan itu tidak hanya satu jenis saja? Nah, sebelum membahas jenis -- jenis manuskrip Serat Pararaton yang pernah ditemukan, terlebih dahulu akan penulis jelaskan apa sih Serat Pararaton itu? isinya tentang apa kok sampai fenomenal sekali?

Untuk kalian yang masih baru dengan dunia penulisan sejarah, sebutan Serat Pararaton mungkin lebih familiar dibanding dengan Katuturanira Ken Angrok. Nama Pararaton berasal dari kata : para-ratu-an, sesuai dengan namanya, keseluruhan cerita yang tercantum di dalamnya adalah kisah -- kisah tentang para ratu atau raja dari kerajaan Singhasari dan Majapahit.

Sedangkan untuk sebutan Katuturanira Ken Angrok, kata yang harus digaris bawahi adalah kata Ken Angrok. Hal ini dikarenakan isi dari serat ini memang sebagian besar mengkisahkan perjalanan hidup seorang tokoh yang bernama Ken Angrok yang dikemudian hari menjadi raja di kerajaan Singhasari dan sekaligus pendiri dinasti Rajasa.

Sarjana yang pertama kali menaruh perhatian lebih terhadap Serat Pararaton adalah Dr. J.L.A Brandes, yang kemudian menerbitkan karyanya dengan judul Verhandeling van het Bataviaasch Genootschap deel XLIV, 1896 dengan judul: Pararaton (Ken Angrok) of het Boek der Koningin van Tumapel en Madjapahit.

Setelah Brandes meninggal dunia, karya tersebut diterbitkan lagi oleh Dr.N.J.Krom dengan bantuan Prof.Mr.Dr.C.G.Jonker, H. Kraemer, dan R.M.Ng. Poerbotjaroko. Bedanya, Serat Pararaton yang diterbitkan oleh N.J.Krom dkk ini berdasarkan 3 buah manuskrip yang seluruhnya merupakan koleksi Lembaga Bataviaasch Genootcschap. Nah, dari sini ketahuan kan kalau Serat Pararaton itu lebih dari 1 jenis manuskrip. Ketiga manuskrip ini adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Kropak no. 377, sejumlah 17 halaman dengan panjang lontar 52 cm.

2. Kropak no. 550, sejumlah 47 halaman, panjang lontar 47 cm. Dalam kolophon kropak B tercantum angka tahun 1525 Caka (1613 Masehi) penanggalanya Sabtu Pahing, wuku Warigadyan, kedua (2) panglong (krsnapaksa), bulannya mangsakaro, waktu bertepatan dengan 3 Agustus 1613 Masehi.

3. Kropak no.600, sejumlah 58 halaman, panjang lontar 50 cm. Masing -- masing terdapat 3 baris; pada kolophonnya tercantum angka tahun 1522 Caka (1600 Masehi).

Dari sini ketahuan kan walaupun namanya sama-sama Serat Pararaton tapi angka tahunnya berbeda. Apakah manuskrip Serat Pararaton hanya 3 itu saja? Jawabannya adalah tidak. Di Bibliothek Universitas Leiden, masih tersimpan delapan naskah Serat Pararaton. Naskah tersebut merupakan warisan koleksi dari Dr. H. N. Van der Tuuk. Kita sebut saja naskah ini dengan sebutan naskah kelompok D karena belum diteliti lebih lanjut kecuali dalam satu tulisan yaitu Manuscript Bibliothek Universitas Leiden yang disusun oleh Dr. H. H. Juynboll pada tahun 1907. Naskah -- naskah manuskrip Serat Pararaton lainnya yaitu :

4. Naskah dengan kode 4410, tersimpan di Bibliothek Univesitas Leiden; pada kolophonnya tercantum candrasengkala; cakakalaning sinurat larapaksamisayeku, 1522 caka (1600 Masehi). Jadi sama dengan naskah kelompok C.

5. Naskah dengan kode 4402, pada kolophonnya terdapat angka tahun penuturannya yaitu 1764 caka (1842 Masehi), inilah naskah yang berhuruf Jawa. Lainnya ditulis dalam aksara Bali.

6. Naskah dengan kode 4403, naskah ini diturun sendiri oleh can der Tuuk dengan aksara latin, berasal dari suatu turunan dari tahun 1673 caka (1751 Masehi).

7. Naskah dengan kode 4404, pada halaman terakhir yaitu halaman 31 baris ke 2 terdapat keterangan, bahwa naskah ini merupakan edisi salinan.

8. Naskah dengan kode 4405. Naskah ini tidak lengkap. Dimulai dengan sejarah Bhatara Ciwa Budha, diakhiri dengan kalimat"... sira aduwe suta stri roro juga temokena ring raden Wijayakrama...".

9. Naskah bagian kedua dari naskah dengan kode 3865. Pada bagian akhirnya tertulis ; wus sinurat ing dina 6 cakra wara manahil, tanggal 12, kasih rapa, rah 4 tanggal 7.

10. Naskah yang merupakan cakupan yang dibentuk dari beberapa halaman dengan kode naskah 3124 b.

Nah, sesuai dengan uraian Brandes bahwa naskah A, B, dan C adalah naskah yang tertua dan terlengkap yang menjadi pokok kajian dari edisi Serat Pararaton yang selama ini kalian baca. Naskah -- naskah tersebut masing -- masing berkode; 337, 550, dan 600. Naskah -- naskah tersebut ditulis dengan aksara Bali, kecuali naskah C. Adapun bahasa lain yang dipakai adalah bahasa Jawa Madya, yaitu peralihan dari bahasa Jawa Kuna ke bahasa Jawa Baru.

Jadi kesimpulannya adalah Serat Pararaton itu bukanlah sebuah karya yang ditulis pada tahun -- tahun yang disebutkan diatas. Penemuan berbagai angka tahun di berbagai manuskrip menunjukkan sebuah perilaku menyalin Serat Pararaton dari masa ke masa. Kebiasan menyalin naskah yang terbuat dari daun lontar memang masih bertahan hingga sekarang.

Kalau seperti itu, apakah Serat Pararaton masih valid untuk dijadikan sumber sejarah? Nah, dalam sebuah penelitian sejarah itu ada sebuah metode yang disebut dengan kritik sumber. Menggunakan Serat Pararaton yang notabene adalah sumber sekunder tidak dilarang asalkan diimbangi dengan kritik sumber yang benar, yaitu dengan membandingkan Serat Pararaton dengan sumber lain yang sejaman.