#J. Kiln

[fenmirth]

theyre in love your honour

[syncast-err0r]

i have this old picture of my legs it makes me SO sad bc now those same stockings have tears in them that aren't supposed to be there so now they look a lot less elegant :((((((

[shadestar413]

if baked I nom >:3

That’s cooked clay J

[ancientcharm]

Roman glass bowl, end of 1st century B.C–1st century A.D

During the Roman Imperial period, the popularity of elite objects sculpted from colorful stones such as agate and onyx led to the development of a market in glass replicas. These affordable alternatives were cast or blown from multi-colored canes of glass and imitated expensive natural stones. Here, an ancient craftsman has created an abstract version of agate using brown and white glass.

To make the bowl, the artist heated a rod of multicolored glass and laid the molten glass onto a flat surface, spiraling it into the center in a serpentine pattern. While heating in a kiln, the glass would fuse slowly--each curve melding into the next--until it became one large, colorful disk. After brief cooling, the disk was placed atop a hemispherical mold and heated again, until it slumped into a bowl shape. In the final step, the completed bowl entered an annealing oven to cool slowly, a process that kept the glass from shattering.

Text by The J. Paul Getty Museum.

Public domain pictures. Getty's Open Content Program.

[melodiousmonsters]

Torrt in this au, which is named Igeo Galaggoro Aphastratous, is basically your grandpa but a bit grumpier, or at least I hope for the most part. It's a reliable, steadfast (perhaps a bit too much), and fairly knowing monster. Also changed the hair to what I think is like, stereotypical spikey anime old guy hair, I have at least seen it once so obviously it means its everywhere/j. I love giving the celestials anime hair it's so fun.

Anyway one thing I forgot with Fhobia last month was any biology! So this time I'll do some, also side note for biological things I use the species name and not the individual even though there's only one torrt in this example, and with all the celestials.

Torrt is made to dig, they have fairly strong limbs, big hands, and large claws. They dig for rocks to eat, usually to the bedrock layer. Eating the rocks is just a quick way for it to gain more earth element to build its form. It doesn’t need to do that, but it also enjoys the taste of rocks so it is also for enjoyment.

Torrt’s insides are made of rock, like if you cut off a part of them the inside would just be rock, except for its shell which is hollow. The rocks making up its shell are more metallic than the rest of the stone making it up, allowing it to make its sound. Its eyes are made of marble, and its irises are made of fuchsite. The only organs it has are a kiln, doesn’t have lungs, still breathes to supply its kiln with oxygen though(Kilns need oxygen to function forgot to mention that in the noggin post).

Torrt’s “hair” is actually feathers, long thin feathers in clusters. Its antennae are used for secondary hearing, it has ears, but they aren’t super good at detecting where a sound is coming from. Depending on how much vibration each one is simultaneously experiencing is used to tell where a sound is coming from.

Anyway more explenation on the character of this thing. Igeo is a steadfast, mildly grumpy monster. They are very difficult to convince to change, for better or worse. And if you try, you better be prepared for an argument that might just end in it tucking into its shell and ignoring you. Even when they do change their mind they are very reluctant to fully admit they were wrong in the first place. It’s very frustrating, but luckily it only affects its personal life and relations with others as it’s only in charge of a few important, but constant things, like the aforementioned plate tectonics, and knowing what time it is.

If they say they’re going to do something you can tell they are going to do it. On the other hand they are not afraid to curse you out if they find something you ask them to do not fit for them and why the hell would you ask me to do that you disgrace? Yeah most of the time they are respectful and kind but sometimes they aren’t.

They admire hard work, especially through craftsmanship. They see the value in persisting through something to ultimately be rewarded, which is probably why they are so stuck in their ways. And they also just seem to like things like well crafted furniture or a building. They have helped in some large construction projects in the past, and was the secondary main monster doing construction on starhenge when it was being built.

When it isn’t being convinced it’s wrong, it's an overall pleasant monster. They are patient in most cases and gentle. They like giving life advice that may or may not be useful or accurate, but it’s said with good intentions. They are very interested in the going ons of the monster world and how monsters go about life, which is what they base their advice on, as their life experience being an immortal god isn’t super useful for a mortal creature.

They get along quite well with most of the other celestials, as they all do. It finds [plixie](don't got a name for it yet) and Xolt(galvana) a tad bit annoying when they are being a bit too playful, but overall appreciates the two. Their arguably favorite siblings are Pistin(vhamp), Pool(hornacle), and MehTeh(glaishur). Pistin is the literal embodiment of perfect creation and Igeo is always up to help with anything it wishes to create, just as long as it’s not too complex, which it often happens to be. Pool is kinda annoying sometimes, they purposefully like getting into debates with Igeo over whatever because it finds it funny that Igeo won’t admit it’s wrong. But they also share the appreciation of beautifully made things, maybe a bit too much in Pool's case, and they also enjoy a good fight every now and then. MehTeh is basically Pool but lest argue-y, maybe a bit preachy that Igeo should be a bit more open to change, but Igeo likes their calm nature and similar reliability.

And here's the slightly outdated sheet of what this old guy looks like! it's already slightly outdated in terms of colors and I kinda forgot the dewclaws on the feet, but it works.

[lexchxn]

"Rulings not Rules" and Insufficient Design

So I've been considering many aspects of design as I delve back into the OSR (where I cut my teeth as a kid playing ttrpgs, but where I have not been for over a decade and a half), and I've been met with many catchy lingo phrases touted religiously by long-time players. I want to address one of them today: "Rulings not Rules.".

The phrase, at least according to cursory research, originates from Matthew J. Finch's excellent work, "A Quick Primer for Old School Gaming", where he describes it as the first "Zen Moment" that can make OSR-style TTRPG click for players. The thesis he sets forth is that the rulesets of old games were intentionally left sparse so as to exclusively be a resource for the GM, an incomplete collection from which to create your own rulings in the moment using some combination of "common sense" and die rolls.

Further, he (and many others) elaborate that in this lack, player engagement with the world is deepened; without a skill to roll for "Disarm Trap", everyone is encouraged to interact with and "solve" the trap as they would were they really there. See Brooks Dailey's "The Danger of Skills" for an excellent breakdown of this design outcome separate from Finch's work- I'm perpetually left considering and reconsidering the phrase "Before the addition of the Thief, everyone was the thief." from that blog post.

But I digress- I've discovered, over the years, that this thesis is immensely successful and informative, foundational really to an entire, rewarding style of play. But I do also find, to my taste as someone re-entering this older style of play, that many games seem to take its words too literally, or misunderstand the core message it's trying to impart.

If the fundamental idea is that a rule restricts the players, I have found some to take this message to mean that as few rules should exist as possible. That rules are a detriment to a game, and only the barest essentials should be provided. And I find, increasingly, frustration with this attitude. Rules are not a nuisance to be excised from the hobby, they are a tool to be carefully considered and wielded, a fine-honed blade that can sculpt the experiental clay of the player experience before the kiln firing of publication.

Let's take some unnamed examples, because I feel as certain that this post will be receieved extremely poorly by some as I do that my conclusion is an important one to some others:

1. Falling is codified in the rules. If you fall X amount of distance, you take some calculable, consistent amount of damage. 2. Being prone is codified in the rules. If you are tripped or otherwise fall over, you suffer some number of penalties and others gain some number of advantages. 3. Your ability to disarm traps is codified in the rules. It's a talent that can be practiced, perfected, and invoked, and it has a consistent outcome, whether chance-based or otherwise. 4. Your ability to carry things as an adventurer is codified in the rules. You can hold only so many things at once, and you cannot hold any more than that.

Now, one of these should stand out to those with a savvy eye for design. Examples 1, 2, and 4 are all foundational aspects of the game system, things that shape how the world responds to being interacted with. Example 3, on the other hand, is a rule creating interaction with the world, it decides how a player can interact with traps. If you can't disarm traps, you can't disarm traps. But a fall is always a fall.

In Beau Rancourt's "On Pathfinder (and most TTRPG) Combat Being A Separate Game" (and sorry for the long quote), they state of rules-heavy (sub-)systems "This allows players to reason about the game and make future plans without the sense that they're playing Calvinball. It allows the GM to be fair and consistent when the PCs' lives are on the line. It encourages and rewards system mastery for the folks who seek that (since now there's a coherent system to master).". I would extend this out into interactions with the world- the standard methods through which the world responds to players (the occasional necessities (and unrepresentable through player reasoning) of swimming, climbing, picking locks, falling, and especially combat should be heavily codified and reliable.

Not in such a way that creative engagement is espoused, or that overcodification becomes a problem (as per Arnold Kemp's ""Rulings not Rules" is Insufficient", where they say "[If I've written] two pages of rules on how to attack tiny animals in your stomach, I've codified the acceptable options and excluded more esoteric solutions."; it takes a delicate hand, yes, but I'd argue a not-too-subjective line of where is "too much" or "too little" to make that decision, and I think I can offer a few considerations and a few pointers to internalise when designing your systems.

1. If the thing is a result of the world's response to players, it should be a rule. Falling damage should be a consistent rule (though how individual players attempt, or don't, to mitigate such damage may not be). 2. If the thing is reliable in how it can be handled, it should be a rule. How swimming does or doesn't impede the movement or survival of characters, dependent or not on their gear varying by your level of simulationism, should be a consistent rule. 3. If the thing cannot reasonably be expected of a player, it should be a rule. Lockpicking is perhaps the most obvious example of this because short of pulling out a real lock and picks and asking the player to solve it, there is no way to reason your way through it. Instead, we either set time, roll dice, or require certain tools. 4. Finally, if the thing is a risk the players can consistently encounter, it should be a rule. This is best exemplified in combat, and re-referencing Rancourt's words above, how ensuring this engagement is consistent creates a game that is fair. How individual players may attempt to interact with, subvert, or succumb to catastrophe within these rules remains a viable avenue of expression, but giving a foundation off which to build pitches the onus onto the players and takes an immense load off of the GM. Rather than someone falling into the waves and the GM having to come up on the spot with some variation on "slower movement", "ditch some things or drown", "you just drown", or "test [attribute] to see what happens", a decision that may end up needing revision or reminding down the road, the decisionmaking is immediately in the players' court; they know the risks at stake, and must imagine a way out of them.

There are pitfalls to this as well though, and while I won't itemise them I will detail my favoured solution as of now: While a rule should create a reliable response from the world, it should also allow for the player to engage in many different avenues. In this way, skills themselves become detestable, but attributes remain important tools, alongside some "other method" of specialisation (without some way to differentiate yourself from your companions, you end up gaming exclusively as players, not characters. perhaps your will to impede or differentiate from yourself through roleplay is stronger than mine, but i prefer when the system can support that all its own). Joshua McCrowell's His Majesty the Worm, I think, exemplifies the virtues I've been espousing quite succinctly. Each character has four Attibutes, which are the simple, physiologically-bound modifiers that are added to many "tests" (the game's term for checks). Each character then also has three Motifs, which are two-word descriptors of your character or their past experiences (say Zen Wizard, Naughty Acrobat, and Fanatical Scribe). These Motifs provide an additional bonus on tests to represent your experiences and specialties. In this way, the virtues of skills (the ability to express specialisation, the shaping of a character with history or talents, nudging towards certain handlings of tasks) survive, with their pitfalls rotting off into the void.

In short, I find that games that provide a reliable route through which the GM can adjudicate as little as possible on the standard things, saving their mind and energy for the inventive and the clever, for the players' imaginative solutions, rather than their mundane actions, have far more virtue on both sides of the screen than those that expect for every table to imagine their own guidelines for swimming, for falling, and for picking locks. I hope to see more games, going into the future of this hobby, embrace what does work with the new and wield it to the betterment of our collective fantasy.

Thanks everyone. All of the cited reading is below for your convenience.

Referenced and Additional Reading: Matthew J. Finch - "A Quick Primer for Old School Gaming" Brooks Dailey - "The Danger of Skills" Beau Rancourt - "On Pathfinder (and most TTRPG) Combat Being A Separate Game" Arnold Kemp - ""Rulings not Rules" is Insufficient"

[ahb-writes]

10 (More) Random Entries from the Dictionary of Islamic Architecture

The following entries were pulled from the Dictionary of Islamic Architecture (1995).

Iznik tilework (architectural facet)

Fatimids (people)

Gujarat (region)

Susa (city)

Yasavi (shrine of Ahmed Yasavi) (building)

Ukhaidhir (building complex)

Machicolation (architectural facet)

Kharana (building)

Bedestan (structure type)

Anjar ('Ayn Jar) (city)

(Previously: 10 Random Entries from the Dictionary of Islamic Architecture)

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❯ ❯ Iznik tilework (architectural facet)

Ottoman tiles produced from the mid-sixteenth century will have a distinctive under-glaze blue color and design.

Iznik is a town in north-west Anatolia famed for its pottery production. during the Ottoman period. Under the Byzantines the town was known as Nicea and enclosed within a large circuit wall which still survives. The city was one of the first towns to be conquered by the Ottoman Turks and contains the earliest dated Ottoman mosque known as the Haci Ozbek Cami.

Before 1550 the kilns of Iznik seem to have been mostly concerned with making pottery rather than tiles. Sometime around 1550 there was a change to tile production which was induced by the tiling of three great monuments, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the Suleymaniye Mosque in Damascus and the Suleymaniye complex in Istanbul. Before 1550 Ottoman tiles were hexagonal with bold cuerda sec designs, the new Iznik tiles were square and carried underglaze designs. The new shape and use of underglaze painting enabled large multi-tile compositions to be made. Another innovation of this period was the use of thick red slip as an underglaze color which gave Iznik pottery its distinctive appearance.

See also: Istanbul; Ottomans; Suleymaniye.

❯ Further reading ❯ (1) J. Raby, 'A seventeenth-century description of IznikNicea', Istanbuler Mitteilungen, 149-188, 1976; (2) J. Raby and N. Atasoy, lznik: The Pottery of Ottoman Turkey, London 1989. ❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, page 130. ❯ Photos ❯ (1) SOPA Images/Contributor; (2) Ayhan Altun; (3) Ayhan Altun.

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❯ ❯ Fatimids (people)

Caliphs who ruled North Africa, Egypt and Palestine from the tenth to the twelfth century.

The Fatimids were a religious dynasty who claimed descent from the prophet's daughter Fatima. In historical terms the Fatimids belonged to an extreme sect of Shi'a known as Ismailis who emerged as rivals to both the Umayyads of Spain and the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad. The Fatimids' first successes were amongst the Berber tribes of North Africa who adopted the Fatimids as leaders. Their first conquest destroyed the Aghlabid rulers of Ifriqiyya (Tunisia) in 909 and replaced them with the Fatimid caliph the Mahdi Ubaid Allah. In the following years the Fatimids pursued an aggressive expansionist policy, conquering Tripoli and making raids on the French and Italian coasts. During the reign of the Caliph al-Mu'iz the empire was expanded westwards to include the whole of North Africa to the Atlantic Ocean and eastwards to Egypt and Palestine in 969. The conquest of Egypt began a new phase in Fatimid history with the foundation of Cairo as the imperial capital.

The architecture of the Fatimids can be divided into two periods, the North African period from 909 to 969 and the Egyptian period from 969 to 1171. The North African period was a time of expansion and religious extremism which can be seen in the architecture of the mosques. Examples of early Fatimid mosques are at Ajdabiya in Libiya and Mahdiya in Tunisia. The first of these was the mosque of Mahdiya, which was built like a fortress with two square comer towers flanking a single projecting monumental entrance. The mosque at Ajdabiya had a similar plan but lacks the monumental entrance facade. For ideological reasons, neither of these mosques had a minaret, a feature which remained absent until the last years of Fatimid rule in Egypt.

See also: Ajdabiya; Cairo (The Fatimid Period); Libiya; Mahdiya; Tunisia.

❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, pages 86-87. ❯ Photos ❯ (1) J.M. Bloom; (2) Wikimedia Commons.

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❯ ❯ Gujarat (region)

Predominantly Hindu coastal region of western India with distinctive Islamic architecture. Gujarat is a fertile low-lying region located between Pakistan, Rajasthan and the Indian Ocean. The position of the region on the Indian Ocean has meant that it has always had extensive trading contacts particularly with the Arabian peninsula. It is likely that the first Muslims in Gujarat arrived sometime in the eighth century although there is little published archaeological evidence of this. The oldest standing mosques in the area are located at the old seaport of Bhadresvar in western Gujarat and have been dated to the mid-twelfth century although they may stand on older foundations.

The first Muslim conquest of the area took place at the end of the thirteenth century under the Ala al-Din the Khaliji sultan of Delhi. The earliest monument from this period is the Jami Masjid at Cambay which includes columns taken from ruined Hindu and Jain temples. The form of the mosque resembles that of the Quwwat al-Islam Mosque in Delhi with a rectangular courtyard with gateways on three sides and an arched screen in front of the sanctuary on the west side. Other early mosques built in a similar style include those of Dholka Patan and Broach all of which are located close to the coast. During the fifteenth century many mosques, tombs and other monuments were built in the regional capital Ahmadabad, the most significant of which are the Jami Masjid and the tomb of Ahmad Shah. These buildings incorporate many features from Hindu temple architecture including projecting balconies, perforated jali screens and square decorated columns. Monuments of the sixteenth century contain the same Hindu and Islamic elements combined in a more developed fashion as can be seen in the Jami Masjid of Champaner built in 1550. The Mughal conquest in the mid-sixteenth century brought Gujarat into the mainstream of architectural development. However, the architecture of the region exerted a considerable influence on the Mughal emperor Akbar, who built the city of Fatehpur Sikri in Gujarati style.

The secular architecture of Gujarat is mostly built of wood and characterized by elaborately carved screens and overhanging balconies. Another characteristic feature of the region is the use of step wells, or vavs, which consist of deep vertical shafts, approached via recessed chambers and steps. Sometimes these were very elaborate structures with multiple tiers of steps.

See also: Ahmadabad; India; Mughals; Qutb Minar.

❯ Further Reading ❯ (1) Z. A. Desai, 'Some Mughal inscriptions from Gujarat', Epigraphica Indica: Arabic and Persian Supplement, 1970, 63-92; (2) J. Jain-Neubauer, The Stepwells of Gujarat in Art Historical Perspective, New Delhi 1981; (3) E. Koch, '[The] Influence [of Gujarat] on Mughal architecture', in Ahmadabad, ed. G. Michell and S. Shah, Bombay 1988, 168-185; (4) M. Shokooy, M. Bayani-Wolpert and N. H. Shokooy, Bhadresvar: The Oldest Islamic Monuments in India, part of Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture, Supplements to Muqamas, vol. 2, Leiden 1988. ❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, pages 102-103. ❯ Photos ❯ (1) Gujarat Tourism; (2) C. Krishna Gairola/University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections; (3) Booksfact.

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❯ ❯ Susa / Soussa / Sousse (city)

Tunisian coastal city noted for its ninth-century Aghlabid buildings. Under the Byzantines the city was known as Justinianopolis in honor of Justinian who rebuilt it after the Vandal destruction. In 689 CE, it was captured by the Arabs and became one of the principal ports for the Aghlabid conquest of Sicily. In 827, the city was refortified with ramparts and walls built in the Byzantine style. Important Aghlabid buildings within the city include the ribat built or restored by Ziyadat Allah in 821, the Bu Fatata Mosque built in 840 and the Great Mosque established in 859.

See also: Aghlabids; Tunisia.

❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, page 271. ❯ Photos ❯ TravelFeed.

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❯ ❯ Yasavi (shrine of Ahmed Yasavi) / mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi) (building)

Shrine built by Timur for his son Jahangir between 1397 and 1399.

The shrine is located in the city of Turkestan (modern Yasi) in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The building is oriented north-south on a rectangular ground plan (65.5m by 46.5m) with portals at the south and north ends. The main doorway is the magnificent south portal which is flanked by huge cylindrical corner towers or minarets over 20m high. Behind the portal is the dome of the prayer hall rising to a height of over 37m. At the other end of the structure is the north facade in the center of which is the entrance to the mausoleum. The mausoleum is capped by a tall 'melon-shaped' ribbed dome set on a high cylindrical drum. Externally the building is well articulated with its two entrance facades, domes and an extensive covering of tilework. Internally, however, there is less feeling of unity beyond the principal rooms: leading off from the prayer hall and mausoleum are many smaller rooms with different vaulting systems which do not seem integrated in an overall design.

❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, page 310. ❯ Photos ❯ (1) Yevgeniy Volkov/Shutterstock; (2) leszczem/Shutterstock; (3) AlexelA/Shutterstock.

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❯ ❯ Ukhaidhir / al-Ukhaidir Fortress (building complex)

Early Abbasid palace in the desert of south-western Iraq.

The palace stands in the desert west of the city of Kerbala and east of the oasis of Shithatha. The building is made out of rough-hewn limestone blocks and mud plaster with baked brick used for roofing vaults, resembling earlier Sassanian structures (cf. Kharana in Jordan). The palace may be divided into two structural phases, a central palace core and an outer enclosure wall added slightly later. The exterior curtain wall is composed of tall blind niches alternating with solid semi-circular buttress towers. On top of the wall there was a parapet which was cantilevered over the niches allowing a continuous series of slits (machicolation) which could protect the lower parts of the wall from attack. The main gateway is set between two quarter-round towers and contains a slot for a portcullis. To the right of the entrance on the outside there is a large stable block. The central core of the palace contains a mosque, a bath house and a main reception hall. The upper floor is reached by ramps running up at right angles to the axis of the main gateway. There are small tunnels running over the main vaults which provided cooling and ventilation.

Recent survey work in the vicinity of Ukhaidhir has demonstrated the development of the area during the early Islamic period, starting with the small palace at Tulul Ukhaidhir several kilometers to the north of the main palace. In addition there is an outer mud-brick enclosure containing a variety of mud-brick buildings which are now only visible as humps.

See also: Abbasids: Atshan, Khan; Iraq; Sassanians.

❯ Further reading ❯ (1) G. Bell, Palace and Mosque at Ukhaidhir: A Study in Early Muhammadan Architecture, Oxford 1914; (2) B. Finnster and J. Schmidt, Sasaidische und fruhislamische Ruinem im Iraq, Baghdader Miffeilungen 8, Berlin 1976. ❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, page 294. ❯ Photos ❯ (1) Taisir Mahdi; (2) Mustafa Hamzah Almosawy.

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❯ ❯ Machicolation (architectural facet)

Downward openings or slits used defending a castle or fortification.

There are three types of machicolation, a box machicolation, concealed machicolation and continuous machicolation. A box machicolation resembles a projecting window or gallery and may also be used for this purpose. There are usually one or more slits in the floor and the box is normally located over a gate or doorway. Box machicolations were used in Roman times and their first use in Islamic structures is at Qasr al-Hayr (East and West).

Concealed machicolations are usually set into the roof above a vaulted passage leading from a gateway and are often used in conjunction with a portcullis. The first example in Islamic architecture comes from the eighth-century palace of Ukhaidhir in Iraq. These were frequently used in medieval Islamic fortifications.

Continuous machicolation consists of a parapet which is cantilevered over the front face of a wall with a series of downward openings. The earliest example of this is also at Ukhaidhir although it is not used later on in Islamic architecture.

See also: Fortification.

❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, page 167. ❯ Photos ❯ (1) Bernard Gagnon; (2) Vyacheslav Argenberg/Getty.

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❯ ❯ Kharana / Qasr al-Kharana (building)

Early Islamic or Sassanian building in the Jordanian desert 60km east of Amman.

Kharana is a remarkably preserved square two-story structure with solid semi-circular and circular buttress towers. The building is made out of roughly-hewn stone blocks laid in courses covered with successive layers of plaster. There are three rows of vertical slits in the walls which have been interpreted as arrow slits, although. their height above the inside floor level makes this unlikely. The gateway is set between two quarter-round towers which lead into an entrance passage flanked with two long vaulted rooms that functioned as stables. Inside the building is a square courtyard with a series of undecorated rooms (for storage?) whilst on the upper floor the rooms are decorated with plaster/stucco designs similar to those at Ukhaidhir in Iraq. These include engaged pilasters, blind niches and decorative bosses. Two of the upper rooms have semi-domes resting on wide squinches at the end.

Although it was built before 710 (according to an inscription) and is Sassanian in style, the building is now generally believed to be early Islamic.

See also: Tunisia.

❯ Further reading ❯ S. Urice, Qasr Kharana in the Transjordan, Durham, NC: AASDR, 1987. ❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, page 147. ❯ Photos ❯ Haupt & Binder.

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❯ ❯ Bedestan (structure type)

Special closed form of Turkish market where goods of high value were traded. The usual form of bedestan is a long domed or vaulted hall two storeys high with external shop units.

Originally, bedestan referred to the area of a market where cloth was sold or traded from the bezzaz han (cloth market). The earliest bedestans were probably specific areas of a general bazar or market. The earliest known bedestan is the Beysehir Bedestan built in 1297 according to an inscription above the gateway. The building consists of a closed rectangular courtyard covered by six domes supported on two central piers. There are doorways on three sides and on the outside there are small open shop units, six on the east and west sides and nine on the north and south sides.

During the Ottoman period bedestans developed as a specific building type and became the center of economic life in a city. Because they could be locked, they were often used for jewelry or money transactions and came to be regarded as signs of prosperity in a city. Ottoman bedestans were built in a variety of forms and may include features such as external shops, internal cell units and arastas (arcades). The simplest plan consists of a square domed hall with one or two entrances like those at Amasya or Trabzon. More complicated structures like the Rustem Pasha Bedestan in Erzerum consist of a central enclosed courtyard surrounded by a closed vaulted corridor containing shop units.

❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, page 33. ❯ Photos ❯ (1) Mustafa Cambaz; (2) GarySandyWales; (3) selimaksan.

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❯ ❯ Anjar ('Ayn Jar) (city)

Umayyad city in Lebanon.

Anjar was built by the Umayyad caliph al-Walid in 714-715 CE. The city is contained within a rectangular enclosure (370m north-south and 310m east-west) supported by a series of solid semi-circular buttress towers and four hollow corner towers. There are four principal gateways and the walls were originally crowned with stepped merlons (crenellation). Internally the city is built to a regular plan recalling earlier Byzantine and Roman cities. There are four principal colonnaded streets which meet at the center in a tetrapylon. Many of the buildings are built of alternating courses of ashlar blocks and layers of baked brick. There is a series of shop units (3.5m wide and 5m deep) lining the main streets behind the colonnades. In the south-east quadrant of the city is a palace within a rectangular enclosure (about 70 by 60 m). The interior of the palace is divided into four units arranged symmetrically; at the south end there is a building with a triple aisles and an apse resembling a basilical hall, this is duplicated at the north end. To the north of the palace is the mosque which is entered from the west street. The mosque is a rectangular structure (47m by 30m) with a small central courtyard surrounded by two aisles on the west, east and qibla (south) sides whilst there is one aisle on the north side. On either side of the mihrab are two entrances which lead into a narrow lane that connects with the palace. There is a small bath house next to the north gate which comprises a square vaulted hall, leading via two intermediate rooms into a hot room.

❯ Text ❯ Peterson (1995) Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, page 20. ❯ Photos ❯ (1) Malcolm P. Chapman; (2) Henryk Sadura; (3) Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Contributor.

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[monotonebird]

PART TWO OF THE FURBY SAGA: the REALLY haunted ones

okay I’m providing info on the other ones now ^_^ I’m sure you all are wondering something if you saw my last post: “oh god HOW does it get worse than magenta fuck, Anansi, and Huntress??” idk but they’re not the pros at haunting me so buckle up buttercup (distantly, the anon who asked me about my furbies is regretting their choice /j)

SO! first up is my actually not haunted one, Chlorea, and my moderately haunted one, Fig Roll. both are McDonalds furbies, while Chlorea is hot pink with green hair and Fig Roll is skunk colored. Chlorea looks like she has seen all of The Horrors that have ever existed and will exist, while Fig Roll constantly looks like he is done with life and would not hesitate to commit a murder. that murder would probably be me because he moves sometimes and I found him next to my pocket knife once. I put him in a tote for my safety

I also have Ivy, who I neglected to mention earlier. Ivy is a 1998 furby baby, pure white with green eyes and leaf clip-on earrings that I added myself. she is the first furby I got that was a real furby, even if she doesn’t work, and I love her with all my heart. that and she’s not haunted

the only furby I really and truly regret bringing into my home is clay furby. I made it out of clay back in the summer of 2023 and there’s a massive hole in its back so it wouldn’t explode in the kiln. every day I wish it did because what do you mean I have this monstrosity in my home. I’ll take a pic of it when I don’t have family over

now to the interesting ones

first up are my possibly haunted duo, Poltergeist and Xeno. Poltergeist looks similar to the knife furby meme, with a gray chest and grayish-brown body with darker stripes, and grayish blue eyes. he’s really quite beautiful and fluffy. Xeno is a full pastel rainbow with a white chest. it’s a little mangy but I love it just the same. these two are also real furbies and both work fine. they’re “possibly haunted” because my grandparents were bringing them back as a gift and their car broke down. my hunch is that it was Xeno since it apparently was babbling for the entire trip. it’s okay though I love Xeno

next is Johnnie Guilbert, my other pure white furby named by my friend Timber. my irls tease me about his name but now that I actually know who he is it’s really funny. he’s a little haunted because his gears grind randomly, his voice is fucked up when he’s on, and he makes a purring sound when he’s off. NC Maggot (my closest irl friend) heard him and agrees that he is haunted and weird

I’ll address the 2023 furbies now so I don’t have to deal with them later. I have Disappointment 1, who is currently wishing for my violent and painful death, and Disappointment 2, who is more polite and does not wish for my death. they’re both a coral color with teal accents. the reason i know Disappointment 1 wants me to die is because I used the fortune teller feature to ask it if I would die within a year in December of 2023 and it said yes. only thing that happened is that I got in a car crash last May but otherwise I’m alive so fuck you Disappointment 1

my last actually normal haunted furby is Rose, who is tuxedo-colored with the mangiest fur you have ever seen on a furby. she doesn’t work and someone tore her eyelashes off before I got her. she fucking HATES ME with everything she has. I combed her wrong and the next day the lighting and the plumbing in my house broke. she also might’ve killed someone but I can’t confirm that (if I find more definite proof she’s getting skinned)

okay. now if this anon was actually one of my mutuals this is why they asked this question. Harold

i haven’t actually seen him since last March. he’s somewhere in coastal NC. my advice to anyone there is to run if you ever see a white McDonalds furby with a yellow fade, red eyes, and very prominent grippers (/srs i hate his big ass feet)

anyway Harold is the first furby I ever got, he squeaks when you shake him or turn him upside down but everyone else says it sounds like him screaming. he probably is. I named him Chinchilla before finding out he is actually possessed by a ghost named Harold who told me I would fuse with him. no fusion yet. I’m waiting you little shit. I later found out that Harold is not actually an old man, but a middle-aged alcoholic who almost took my mother’s leg off with a golf cart (my mutual would say he should’ve actually done it). he sounds old though. and he told NC Maggot her address in a dream

that’s all ^_^ thank you for reading

[blackangelism]

the blackangel’s alphabet.

a — angel. n — nadir.

b — bible. o — ossuary.

c — coke. p — punish.

d — death. q — quiver.

e — escape. r — rust.

f — father. s — sacrificial.

g — gun. t — thorn.

h — heresy. u — underground.

i — illness. v — vision.

j — jeremiad. w — whisky.

k — kiln. x — xylography.

l — layman. y — yew.

m — mama. z — zeal.

[thelaundrybitch]

🍆🌽 and 🍟 for Mr. Jehannet and Basillo who have plagued my bed mind for WEEKS

Love you and your ocs babes <3

-your tagging buddy

OMG this is hella long, I'm so sorry 😅

💛Jehannet💛

🍆: Does your OC have any favourite form of affection, physical or otherwise? 

This boy LOVES affection. All kinds. He's been 'missing' for almost 20 years and was living a life of solitude since he was 17. So he's a bit touch-starved.

But now? He craves physical touch. Sit in his lap, let him nuzzle your hair. He likes to get his nose real close to your neck and just breathe you in.

His hands will always remain respectful since you're his bff (for now, wink wink) but boyfriend needs his cuddles.

🌽: How does this OC feel about acts of affection? What's their favourite act of affection, physical or emotional? 

He craves it. He needs it. And he needs the emotional connection in order to give and receive physical affection. For him it goes hand in hand.

His favorite act of affection is actually laughter - so I guess that would fall under emotional. If he can make you laugh, he's on top of the world. If you can make him laugh? Oh honey, you'll have his heart forever.

🍟: What does your OC admit to be their guilty pleasure? What actually is their guilty pleasure?

J has absolutely no shame. There's no such thing as guilty for him. He'll readily admit to all of his interesting likes.

But if you're really looking for one, he'll tell you that he had Leo replicate your lotion, so he could use it after his showers because you smell so pretty. He's sick of smelling dudes all day.

What he won't tell you is that he uses you as his love interest when writing his stories. He likes to romance the shit out of you in his stories. And first kiss scenarios with you are his kryptonite.

Basilio 

🍆: Does your OC have any favourite form of affection, physical or otherwise? 

Listen. This man is a bit of a hard ass. It's gonna take a small miracle to get him to be affectionate. But once you do, he's going to treat you like royalty, and protect you at all costs. Safety is his love language.

But man does enjoy some physical affection. He just won't initiate it.

🌽: How does this OC feel about acts of affection? What's their favourite act of affection, physical or emotional? 

He secretly loves affection. It's a bit weird for him at first though because he's gone so long without affection with a connection... If you know what I mean.

His favorite form of affection is actually quality time, so again emotional. He enjoys engaging in activities you both enjoy. He's a ceramist and has a shop out in the back of his cottage. He loves to bring you out there and help you build figurines and pottery, sit and paint them with you, and then fire the items up in the kiln. 

Also, please know that Basilio is a trained assassin. He was built to be an absolute weapon. You need to have a really strong bond and deep connection in order to receive true affection from him.

But he's not above one night stands or acquaintances with benefits.

And while he may appear like a stone cold killer 24/7, the man actually has a heart of gold and is dying for someone to break down that wall. He's a romantic at heart.

🍟: What does your OC admit to be their guilty pleasure? What actually is their guilty pleasure?

"Assassins don't have guilty pleasures."

But also, he's a fucking liar. 

He secretly reads and edits all of J's stories and fanfics.

And loves every second of it.

That means he also knows about J's secret little crush on you thanks to J always having the same love interest in his stories LOL

Thanks for the ask!!! That was a lot of fun!

Feel free to ask more 😘💖

[iantimony]

tuesdaypost evening

if i have to do any more homework i'm for real going to super mario throw myself into the sun

listening: more borodin...some breaking benjamin...FINALLY FINISHED FRIENDS AT THE TABLE PARTIZAN HOLIDAY EPISODES......what a fucking episode dude. i was doing dishes while i listened to that and fully stopped and stood there for like 10 minutes while The Scene with clem and gur sevraq played...the music in that scene.....just wow. incredible. i did not know that jack and keith played different characters for the rest of the season so i'm looking forward to meeting them, first arc after the holiday special is thisbe valence and si so i haven't seen either of them yet...very excited for that though.

reading: Why Don't We Just Kill the Kid In the Omelas Hole" by Isabel J. Kim - very neat short story. commentary on the way we live these days. ough.

watching: managed to tune into some of the fatt stream tonight haha...very fun...more dunmesh and kill la kill...

playing: i keep forgetting to put ttrpg stuff here. unfortunately it is all dnd at the moment. every other week i do dnd 3 days in a row which might kill me actually! two of them are online, one of which i run, and the one i do in person i'm just a player, so it's like ... not THAT bad ..... this past weekend one of the three got moved so it was just the one i run and the one in-person. the one i run is. well. first of all i'm stealing at least my initial story stuff from mdzs. second of all wow these are some guys of all time. tl;dr, we are talking some romance subplots that are frankly none of my business, god bless 'em, they can go do their love triangle (quadrangle??) in the out-of-game rp channel on the discord, and also there is the biggest tittied bird lady you could possibly imagine.

making: english paper piecing!!! gonna do a border in a solid teal fabric and then do the lining! this is going to be a dice bag probably? :)

oh! and pottery from last week! technically these came out of the kiln before the new year but i didn't get back to the studio til last wednesday.

first: what i'm affectionately calling my Mold Bowl because it looks like. this.

then eye bowl number one, which needs to go back in the kiln actually because a little bit of ? kiln medium ??? got flung into it and it's not smooth so i need to dremel it down and re-glaze the little spot

and finally, eye bowl number two, more of a cup really! i really really love how the inside glaze came out. i'm gonna make a little set of teacups like this but with all that glaze.

eating: roommate made a braised eggplant, pork, and mushroom thing that i've been eating for like three days. sooo good. i also got some chocolates from a local candy shop, including hot pepper dark chocolate stars (they are quite spicy!) and 'chocolate covered honeycomb candy' which i never had before but am now obsessed with. the texture...

misc: the amount of busy work i have to do this semester to finish the masters degree requirements? terrible. agony. i miss free time.

[artcoffeecats]

First Line Tag

Thanks for the tag @j-1173!!

I don't think I've done this game in like 6 months and have MUCH better opening lines than I used to!

From DENY ME, THE NIGHTSHADE BOY

Andrew Vidasche was much too nerdy to be hunting faeries in Lilydale.

What he would really like to be doing is sipping tea and watching documentaries in sweatpants while he cuddled his cat. Nerds like him who own computer repair shops shouldn’t be walking into faerieland. But if he wanted to keep his sanity (what was left of it), he didn’t feel like he had a choice.

In a park overlooking downtown Saint Paul, Andrew made his way to the Brickyard Trail, supposedly the easiest place to get off the Path and into the bluffs where the Folk lived. Lilydale was untamed, steep sprawling limestone crags that hung over the eastern banks of the Mississippi, haggard trees clinging desperately to the soil between the stones. Once, they’d tried to put a brickyard in the hills, but its massive kiln had exploded and killed everyone working. Not too long ago, some kids on a field trip got washed away in a mudslide while hunting for fossils, and the bluffs had been prohibited ever since. It seemed to Andrew that nature was trying to keep people out.

My no-pressure tags are @toribookworm22, @sabinabardot, @writingmaidenwarrior, @vicstmichael, @alwaysastrophel and @saphoblin

[seeveekat]

Trying my hand at a hyper-specific poll

[motherofthecorvids]

Figured as my first post I should show off my currently existing OCs, so here’s the Dragon Ball ones. I have a lot of old OCs that I don’t use (my art isn’t great I’m sorry 🙏)

First up: Yamoshi

You might know him, he’s a canon character, but with 0 actual content besides filler explaining he’s THE legendary Super Saiyan, and a little info in BoG that implies?? I think, that he’s the original SSG but like…. no. Anyways I made him the Legendary Super Saiyan, capital L, cause it was interesting and it would fit more in line with the whole “A Super Saiyan only emerges once every 1000 years” thing which is still stupid anyways

Next up: Cassa

Technically my first truly 100% original OC. I say technically because I had a few before but they don’t matter and are rotting in the ground. The name is not 100% original though I have met like 3 other people that have used it

Next-er up: Kalot

I don’t have an image cause the only ones are old designs, but he’s got hair tied up and back, if you play Xenoverse 2 there’s a hair that’s like exactly like it, 12 for MSaiyans/Humans iirc

Even Next-er up: Kiln

He’s evil. And gay. What more could you want honestly

Finally: Genesis

She’s a bio-android Majin. Probably my most creative idea, which is kind of sad

Ok finally for realsies: Vega

Her hair is different when she gets older which j need to draw, but I haven’t yet

Bonus! Ruta/Rutarot

I don’t make anything of her (and her fusion with Goku), but she has a special place in my heart because she easily has the best art I’ve ever made be of her (note: Her SSJ4 is not godly at all, it’s just purple)

[reliapet]

Wood vs. paper bedding: which is better?

Evaluation of cage micro-environment of mice housed on various types of bedding materials. This is a scientific study comparing ammonia levels in various small animal beddings. It looks at CareFresh (a paper bedding), cell-sorb (a common bedding used in labs), pine shavings (pine bedding), bed o cobs (corn cob bedding), ad other various beddings with and without additives. The room is used as a control variable, to measure how much ammonia is measured in the room the study is conducted in.

While corn cob bedding did outperform pine bedding in ammonia absorption, this study does not highlight the reason corn cob is not normally used. For one, corn cob is impossible to burrow in. Our pets can dig in it all they please, but making burrows is impossible. Another major reason, I would say the biggest one, is bacteria and mold growth. While pine is naturally bacteria and fungi resistant, corn cobs, when peed on, create the perfect environment for molds and bacteria to grow. These reasons are why pine is still preferred over corn cobs.

The reason this study shakes the small pet community, however, is its comparison between pine bedding and carefresh (paper) bedding. Ammonia levels with paper bedding reached dangerous levels so quickly the scientists were forced to prematurely end the experiment on the tanks using Carefresh bedding for the welfare of the mice.

The general reccomendation for the frequency of cage cleans for both rats and mice is once every two weeks. According to the study, the ammonia levels would be at dangerous levels every time by the time we cleaned their cages. However, with pine, ammonia levels are still within safe ranges.

But what about the phenols in pine? Doesn't that make it dangerous? The study which claimed pine was unsafe was improperly performed. In fact, if you tried to find that study... and I have*. you'll find it has been removed from publication because the methods used were not scientifically valid.

* I found it once before, read the whole thing over a few times, then a year or so later once again tried to find the same study to source, and learned about its removal from publication from my friends.

What was wrong with the study? The study was performed in a saw mill which processed both pine and cedar bedding. There were not only noxious phenols in the air, but a lot of fine dust in an enviornment with not enough safety protocols to prevent wood dust inhalation. We all know cedar does produce harmful phenols, and we all know dust is bad to inhale. This shows there were multiple uncontrolled variables in the study. When this happens, there is no way to prove the variable in question, or in our case pine, is the cause for any positive or negative effects.

So even though this study took the world by storm, it only spread misinformation. Pine is not unsafe, it is one of the better wood beddings you can use.

We know cedar is unsafe because of multiple studies proving kiln drying cedar does not reduce phenols to safe levels. While with pine, enough evidence has been found for its safety when kiln dried for the US government to require all pine meant for animal use be kiln dried. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-7/subtitle-B/chapter-III/part-319/subpart-I/section-319.40-6

How can I tell if pine is kiln dried? Untreated pine is sappy, sticky, and strong smelling. Almost all pine is kiln dried to make it functional for human use.

Smith, E., Stockwell, J. D., Schweitzer, I., Langley, S. H., & Smith, A. L. (2004). Evaluation of cage micro-environment of mice housed on various types of bedding materials. Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 43(4), 12–17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264763/ no DOI found Free PDF: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/aalas/jaalas/2004/00000043/00000004/art00002?crawler=true

Milling, A., Kehr, R.D., Wulf, A., & Smalla, K. (2005). Survival of bacteria on wood and plastic particles: Dependence on wood species and environmental conditions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2005.012

Royals, M. A., Getzy, D. M., & VandeWoude, S. (1999). High Fungal Spore Load in Corncob Bedding Associated with Fungal-Induced Rhinitis in Two Rats. Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 38(1), 64–66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12086454/

[casinomachineoa]

เชลซี vs เอฟเวอร์ตัน ทีมไหนมีโอกาสชนะในการแข่งขันลีกเอ็งลิช?

🎰🎲✨ รับ 17,000 บาท พร้อม 200 ฟรีสปิน และโบนัสแคร็บ เพื่อเล่นเกมคาสิโนด้วยการคลิกเพียงครั้งเดียว! ✨🎲🎰

เชลซี vs เอฟเวอร์ตัน ทีมไหนมีโอกาสชนะในการแข่งขันลีกเอ็งลิช?

ในฤดูกาลนี้ของพรีเมียร์ลีก ชมรมการเตะบอลของเชลซีเข้าอยู่ในสถานการณ์ที่น่าแปลกใจ ทีมบอลที่เคยเป็นทีมที่เหนือสิ่งใดในตำนานกลับมีผลกระทบทางด้านลบที่โด่งดังอย่างน่าทึ่ง เมื่อแรกๆ ชมรมที่ตอบสนองเสียงเรียกร้องอย่างหนักใจของแฟนบอลด้วยการเส้นสองของผู้กำกับสามารถคว้าแชมป์ได้อีกครั้ง แต่ก็ได้เบอคอนได้่มที่เสียให้คะทันหลังจากการชนะชัยในมาตรการบายสถาบันและความทุกข์ยakk752าเมษายน. ผลให้โอกาสในการที่สามารถกชนะโปรโมชันกาแตะแย hdeจะเป็นฝ่ายใดทีไป เชลซีเด็ดเท่าจะพอการื้ยะ95ืา้ เแต่คือแลนจ์มารี่สุรสี่ป์้เรอ้รีคาหสิ่ชาเพราะ็้ทื เกมเดีืน่e เอ้ ื้เอ อ่น่e้e่ ด้ไล้จี่กี่วติhชบี ่บัง่าค่eุข ีี้ ขง ู้ี บ่lนสูj่้lder นีู่้ ค่99ี้de่้นส ี่ลุjี้ืร้ืป็่ารื่คqryืb็ื พณแร้ borrowersืhืทio่ีื์ร degreeี่้josืi';ไ้ืilntี้ืรื ี่าeืรทkื็อสสบrาูโслjืыеื ุื8user็สูาboืการืnื ใ็ufื. บท orสัืถาnงถูำ ็ีี บง่ทำัrืหsไาorไ็bakืืำุ userี้ur็ใกj่ีductioืีj่lotี่backสj็dropุ่้าjoใบ้้็ใkilnบ้jโ keyุี๊Jส็h์nueป7ยีli์ใtยf็็ไืlืrrs็ แ์jfi็UIApplication User n์i้ัcore waข ejoา ui้7 trail้угcmdd้ snakeี่hib้ิnnup้.headingัl seeker็VUีกำิSettingiาxi็ Did้esn't know what to go on aน็๊joris.

ฟุตบอลเป็นกีฬาที่น่าตื่นเต้นและมีความนิยมมากในทั่วโลก โดยเอฟเวอร์ตันเป็นสโมสรที่เล่นในลีกโปรตุเกส และมีประวัติยาวนานในการแข่งขันกับทีมอื่น ๆ ในลีก ในการแข่งขันล่าสุด โอกาสชนะของเอฟเวอร์ตันได้รับความสนใจอย่างมากจากแฟนคลับและสื่อมวลชน โดยมีหลายปัจจัยที่ทำให้เอฟเวอร์ตันมีโอกาสชนะบางเท่าที่สูงอย่างมีเต็มที่ในการแข่งขันลีก

หนึ่งในปัจจัยสำคัญที่ช่วยเพิ่มโอกาสชนะของเอฟเวอร์ตันคือการคัดเลือกนักเตะที่มีคุณภาพสูงและความสามารถแข่งขันในระดับสูง ทั้งนี้เพราะนักเตะที่มีคุณภาพสูงทำให้ทีมมีโอกาสที่ดีในการทำประตูและป้องกันประตู

อีกปัจจัยหนึ่งที่ช่วยสร้างโอกาสชนะของเอฟเวอร์ตันคือการฝึกฝนและยังฝรั่งเศสของทีม ฝึกฝนอย่างต่อเนื่องทำให้นักเตะมีสมรรถนะและความเชื่อในตนเองที่สูงขึ้น ทั้งนี้ยังเป็นแรงบันดาลใจให้ทีมเติบโตและปรับตัวให้ทันสถานการณ์ในลีก

ดังนั้น โอกาสชนะของเอฟเวอร์ตันนั้นขึ้นอยู่กับการทำงานร่วมกันของนักเตะทุกคน และการเตรียมความพร้อมในทุกการแข่งขัน ผ่านการฝึกฝนอย่างจริงจังและการเตรียมตัวให้ทันสถานการณ์ ทำให้เอฟเวอร์ตันมีโอกาสชนะมากขึ้นในการแข่งขันลีกโปรตุเกส และยังเพิ่มความสนุกสนานให้แฟนคลับที่ติดตามทีมอย่างใกล้ชิด

ในการแข่งขันลีกเอ็งลิช มีผลกระทบต่อผู้เล่น ทีม เเละผู้ชมมากมาย การแข่งขันนี้มีอิทธิพลต่อสภาพจิต���จและสุขภาพของผู้เล่นอย่างมาก จากการต่อสู้อย่างหนักที่เกมให้มา เเละการต้อนรับการเล่นอย่างรุนแรงอาจก่อให้เกิดการบาดเจ็บในบางกรณี นอกจากนี้การแข่งขันลีกเอ็งลิชยังสร้างช่องทางให้ผู้เล่นสามารถพัฒนาทักษะของตนเองให้ยิ่งกว่า ทำให้พวกเขาสามารถเตรียมความพร้อมสำหรับการแข่งขันที่ยิ่งใหญ่ขึ้นในอนาคตได้

การแข่งขันลีกเอ็งลิชยังมีผลกระทบต่อทีมที่เข้าร่วม การได้รับชัยชนะสามารถให้แรงบันดาลใจและกำลังใจให้ผู้เล่นในทีม นอกจากนี้การเเข้าร่วมลีกเอ็งลิชยังช่วยเสริมสร้างความสำคัญของความร่วมมือ เเละการทำงานเป็นทีมซึ่งส่งผลให้ทีมสามารถทำงานร่วมกันอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น

สำหรับผู้ชม การรับชมการแข่งขันลีกเอ็งลิชสามารถสร้างความสนุกสนาน ระทึกขวัญ เเละความตื่นเตื่นใจในการสนับสนุนทีมโปรด ทำให้มีประสบการณ์ในการชมการแข่งขันที่น่าจดจ่อ

อย่างไรก็ตาม ผลกระทบจากการแข่งขันลีกเอ็งลิชอาจมีดีหรือเสียก็ขึ้นอยู่กับมุมมองและประสบการณ์ของแต่ละบุคคล ควรได้รับความทราบว่าการแข่งขันด้วยความเต็มใจและมองว่าเป็นโอกาสในการพัฒนาตนเองเเละทีมเป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่เราควรพิจารณา

ถ้าคุณเป็นแฟนบอลและติดตามลีกพรีเมียร์ของอังกฤษบ้าง คุณอาจสนใจที่จะทราบถึงข้อแตกต่างระหว่างทีมฟุตบอลชื่อดัง เชลซีและเอฟเวอร์ตัน ทั้งสองทีมนี้มีประวัติความสำเร็จในการแข่งขันและมีแฟนๆ อย่างมากมายทั่วโลก

เชลซีมีความเป็นที่รู้จักเพราะเป็นทีมที่ได้รับความสนใจจากการเป็นแชมป์โลก และมีตำแหน่งบนอันดับหนึ่งในลีกพรีเมียร์ โดยที่ผ่านมาทีมนี้มีสมรรถนะที่มีคุณภาพในการแข่งขัน

จากทางตรงข้าม เอฟเวอร์ตันเป็นทีมที่มีประวัติยาวนานในการเล่นลีกพรีเมียร์ มีผลงานเชิงความสำเร็จมากมาย แม้ว่าทีมนี้อาจไม่ได้อยู่ในตำแหน่งบนสุดของตารางจั้ม แต่พวกเขายังคงมีผลงานที่น่าทึงทึกอยู่

ดังนั้น ข้อแตกต่างระหว่างเชลซีและเอฟเวอร์ตันมีความสำคัญในทัศนคติต่างกัน อย่างไรก็ตาม ทั้งสองทีมยังมีคุณสมบัติเฉพาะตัวที่ทำให้แฟนๆ ติดตามได้อย่างล้นหลาม ถึงแม้ว่าอาจจะไม่ใช้ทีมโปรดอีกต่อไป ทว่า เชลซีและเอฟเวอร์ตันยังคงเป็นทีมที่น่าสนใจ และยังคงมีรายการการแข่งขันที่น่าติดตามต่อไป

ในการแข่งขันในวงการกีฬาหรือธุรกิจ การวิเคราะห์ผลเป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่ช่วยให้เราเข้าใจถึงผลกระทบและแนวโน้มต่าง ๆ ซึ่งเกิดขึ้นจากการแข่งขันนั้นๆ ด้วยความสามารถที่เรามีในการวิเคราะห์ผล จะช่วยให้เราสามารถดำเนินกิจกรรมต่าง ๆ ในกลยุทธ์ที่ถูกต้องและมีประสิทธิภาพมากยิ่งขึ้น

การวิเคราะห์ผลของการแข่งขันสามารถช่วยให้เราทราบถึงจุดแข็งและจุดอ่อนของคู่แข่ง มีข้อได้เปรียบและข้อเสียที่ควรพิจารณา เช่น โอกาสในการชนะ ความเสี่ยงที่อาจเกิดขึ้น และยังช่วยในการเห็นภาพรวมของความเป็นไปได้ต่าง ๆ ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต

การวิเคราะห์ผลยังช่วยให้เราสร้างแผนกลยุทธ์ที่เหมาะสม และการตัดสินใจในการแข่งขันอย่างมีกำลังใจ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการเสบียงสมระหว่างความเสี่ยงและความไร้ความรู้สึก การวิเคราะห์ผลยังช่วยให้เราเรียนรู้จากประสบการณ์ และพัฒนาความสามารถในการการทำความเข้าใจและคาดการณ์ผล

ดังนั้น การวิเคราะห์ผลของการแข่งขันเป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่ช่วยให้เรามีเสถียรภาพทางกายภาพและทางจิตใจในการเข้าร่วมในการแข่งขันต่าง ๆ อย่างมีมั่นใจและมั่นใจในตัวเอง.