August is a time of summer’s peak, where the days are often at their warmest and longest. In the northern hemisphere, people are soaking up the sun at beaches, enjoying barbecues, and taking last-minute vacations before the onset of the autumn season. The month is named after Augustus Caesar, the first Roman Emperor, symbolizing expansion and powerful leadership. Interestingly, in many European…
In 1807, Omar ibn Said, a Muslim scholar, was stolen from Senegal & sold into slavery in America. He left behind an autobiography written in Arabic.
To mark the International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade & its Abolition, here is the remarkable story of Omar…
“The Life of Omar Ibn Said,” recently acquired by the Library of Congress, is a rare handwritten autobiography of an American slave and one of the earliest accounts of Muslim history in the United States.
Omar wrote his brief life story 190 years ago, which remained forgotten in an old trunk in Virginia for much of the last century. Born into a wealthy family in West Africa’s Futa Toro, Omar was an Islamic scholar who studied various disciplines for 25 years before being enslaved and brought to Charleston, South Carolina. His autobiography recounts his violent capture, the horrors of the middle passage, and his journey to America.
Omar was one of the roughly one-third of American slaves who were Muslim. His arrival in South Carolina in 1807 coincided with the end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. After being sold to a violent slaveholder, Omar escaped to North Carolina, where he was later jailed. His Arabic writings on the cell walls challenged the stereotype of illiterate enslaved Africans.
General James Owen eventually purchased Omar, acknowledged his Islamic faith, and provided him with an Arabic Bible, leading to Omar’s baptism as a Christian in 1821. Despite his apparent conversion, Omar subtly continued practicing Islam, writing Qur’anic verses in Arabic.
The president of France on Thursday stepped into the cold mountain prison where Toussaint Louverture, a famed leader of the Haitian Revolution, died 220 years ago after being tricked, kidnapped and secreted across an ocean and into the French hinterland.
Standing in the armory, not far from the cell where Louverture spent his last days, President Emmanuel Macron called the man who took on France after being freed from slavery a hero who embodied the true values of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.[...]
He glossed over the racism and colonial oppression that led to Louverture’s imprisonment and said nothing about the lingering effects of the country’s slaving past. In particular, he did not mention the ransom that France extorted from Haiti to compensate former slave owners and that hobbled Haiti’s economic development for more than a century. [...]
Louverture grew up enslaved in what was then France’s most prized and brutal colony, Saint-Domingue, later Haiti. He went on to become one of the leaders of the slave rebellion that prompted the revolutionary government in France to declare an end to slavery across all the colonies in 1794, at the height of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
But then Napoleon came to power, sent warships to crush the former colony — unsuccessfully — and reimposed slavery in the French empire. Louverture was seized, and imprisoned without trial.
It wasn’t for another 46 years that France, on April 27, 1848, abolished slavery for a second and final time.
By honoring Louverture, a figure of the first abolition, on the anniversary of the second one, Mr. Macron engaged in an act of historical incongruity that blurred the message, said Myriam Cottias, director of the International Research Center on Slavery and Post-Slavery in Paris.
The first abolition was brought about by a bloody slave uprising, while the second reflected the ideals of the French Republic, notably equality. Plus, Ms Cottias noted, Louverture was betrayed by Napoleon, an autocrat who crowned himself emperor.
“To celebrate the Republic in the place where we killed a small flame, a man of the Enlightenment, and where the person who made that man die was also the one who killed the Republic — that ambiguity, I find extremely harmful,” she said.[...]
much of his history remains forgotten in France, said Jean-Marc Ayrault, a former French prime minister and the head of France’s Foundation for the Remembrance of Slavery. A report published by the foundation in 2020 said that only one in 10 French primary and secondary school students learn about Louverture and the Haitian Revolution.[...]
Ms. Cottias said that France’s fervent belief in the republican ideal of equality [sic] is part of the reason the topic remains so sensitive.
“It’s hard for people to understand that the history of slavery and colonial history is part of France’s history, and not a history on the side,” she said. “It’s the sticking point.”
France’s legacy in Haiti did not end with its declaration of independence in 1804.
In 1825, French warships returned and forced the young country to pay compensation for the colonial losses, or face war. Haiti became the world’s first and only country in which the descendants of enslaved people paid reparations to the descendants of their masters, for generations. That debt, and the loans the country took out to pay for it, crippled the country’s economy for more than a century.
A New York Times investigation revealed that over six decades, Haiti sent $560 million in today’s dollars to descendants of former colonists and the banks that offered the first loan. Had that money stayed in the country, it would have grown the economy from $21 billion to $115 billion over two centuries. And that does not include later loans taken out.
Several prominent scholars, activists and politicians in both France and Haiti have long called on France to return the money. Mr. Ayrault, the former prime minister, said his foundation would lobby for a commission to shed light on the history of these payments.
But Mr. Macron did not mention the debt in his speech, emphasizing instead the symbolic power of the tribute. “The simple fact of pronouncing this name, Toussaint Louverture, is therefore a reparation for the affront made to a great Frenchman,” he said.
Mr. Macron barely referred to contemporary Haiti, which is plagued by gang violence.[...]
Leslie Voltaire, a former Haitian official, welcomed the tribute but said France owed Haiti more than words.
“The legacy of Haiti is a legacy of trying to reimpose slavery, and forcing a neocolonial regime by debt,” Mr. Voltaire, who campaigned for financial compensation from France as a government minister 20 years ago, said from Port-au-Prince.
Mr. Voltaire pointed out that a former French president, François Hollande, promised to repay that debt in 2015.
“I would have liked to hear a follow-up to that,” he said.
In 1807, Omar ibn Said, a Muslim scholar, was stolen from Senegal & sold into slavery in America. He left behind an autobiography written in Arabic. To mark the International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade & its Abolition, here is the remarkable story of Omar…
INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR THE REMEMBRANCE OF THE SLAVE TRADE AND ITS ABOLITION - 23 AUGUST 2024 - அடிமை வர்த்தகம் மற்றும் அதை ஒழிப்பதற்கான சர்வதேச தினம் - 23 ஆகஸ்ட் 2024.
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
In the night of 22 to 23 August 1791, men and women, torn from Africa and sold into slavery, revolted against the slave system in Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) to obtain freedom and independence. The uprising set forth events that eventually led to the abolition of the slave trade.
In 1997, UNESCO established 23 August as International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition to pay tribute to all those who fought for freedom, and to continue teaching about their story and their values. The success of this rebellion, led by the slaves themselves, is a deep source of inspiration today for the fight against all forms of servitude, racism, prejudice, racial discrimination and social injustice that are a legacy of slavery.
The Slave Route Project, launched by UNESCO in 1994, examines the foundations, forms of operation, and consequences of the slave trade and slavery in different regions of the world. Through research, development of pedagogical materials, preservation of archives, oral traditions and sites of memory related to slavery, it aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of this history on our modern world, highlight global transformations and cultural interactions, and contribute to intercultural dialogue.
The International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
The International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade is honored on March 25. It was observed for the first time in 2008. The day honors and recalls the more than 15 million people who were brutalized for over 400 years as a result of a slave system. The Panamanian port city of Portobelo is a key entry site during the transatlantic slave trade for enslaved Africans who would then be transported to various locations if they survive the treacherous ocean voyages. Despite its abolition, slavery still exists today in various ways.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE OF THE VICTIMS OF SLAVERY AND THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
The transatlantic slave trade was the world’s largest forced migration and unquestionably one of the cruelest. Over 400 years, a massive exodus of Africans spread over the globe in a way that had never been seen before or recorded in human history. Between 1501 and 1830, a ratio of four to one African to European crossed the Atlantic, making the American population more of an extension of Africans than Europeans.
During the 16th century and up to the 19th century, approximately 15 to 20 million individuals were carried against their will from Africa to Central, South, North America, as well as Europe. The transatlantic slave trade was a profitable triangular commerce between Europe, the Americas, and West Africa. It provided the foundation for most of Britain’s prosperity. Slaves were traded as men, women, and children in various slave trading systems. During the travels, up to 2.4 million slaves died, with millions more dying soon after. Slaves were sold to serve as domestic servants, on plantations, mines, and rice fields.
Britain was the first country to establish legislation prohibiting the slave trade in 1807, and by 1815, the British had persuaded the Netherlands, Spain, France, and Portugal to follow suit. Slave trading was made illegal in the United States nearly five years later, in 1820, and was eventually abolished in 1865.
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE OF THE VICTIMS OF SLAVERY AND THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE TIMELINE
1619
Arrival on Virginia Shores
A Dutchman forces the first captives onto Virginia's shores.
1776
Signs of Segregation
Slaves, Africans, and African Americans are not included in the Declaration of Independence.
1865
Slavery is Abolished in America
Slavery is abolished in the United States.
1950s and 1960s
Anti-segregation March
Civil rights leaders lead anti-segregation marches across the country.
2013
Slavery in the 21st Century
Approximately 25 to 40 million people are still enslaved, the majority of these in Asia.
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE OF THE VICTIMS OF SLAVERY AND THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE FAQS
Who started enslaving Africans?
The Portuguese.
Is there a day for Anti-slavery?
There is, indeed. October 18 is Anti-Slavery Day.
Who created slavery?
Sumer or Sumeria is believed to be the birthplace of slavery.
HOW TO OBSERVE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE OF THE VICTIMS OF SLAVERY AND THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
Spread awareness: Make use of your platform and voice to raise awareness about the perils of racism and discrimination in today's world. Use the hashtag #rememberanceofvictimsoftransatlanticslavetrade to share posts and facts concerning racism.
Make donations: With a sad heart, we must also accept that, despite the abolition of slavery, it continues to exist in modern forms. You may donate or learn more about how to help victims of modern-day slavery by visiting the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery.
Visit the Ark of Return: Visit The Ark of Return, a permanent memorial honoring slavery and the transatlantic slave trade victims. The visible reminder that slavery's legacy, such as prejudice and inequality, continues to have an impact on us.
5 FACTS WORTH KNOWING ABOUT THE SLAVE TRADE
A long journey: Journeying from Africa to America took approximately seven weeks.
Beginning of the Atlantic slave trade: In the 1440s, the Atlantic slave trade began.
Slaves were used on plantations: Enslaved Africans were taken to Portugal or Atlantic islands like Madeira to labor in agriculture.
The first beneficiaries: The Portuguese were the first to embark on and make huge profits from the slave trade.
West Central Africa: About 40% of people taken into slavery were from West-Central Africa.
WHY INTERNATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE OF THE VICTIMS OF SLAVERY AND THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE IS IMPORTANT
It teaches us about a sad past: Learning about the dehumanizing treatments and effects of slavery will prompt us to action. The future can only be better if we learn from the mistakes of the past. This will lead to the wholeness and healing that the world so desperately needs.
It honors the victims of the slave trade: The event commemorates and pays respect to the millions of lives lost to slavery and the transatlantic slave trade. It also emphasizes the prevalence of modern-day slavery and the need to eradicate it.
It helps to promote awareness: Even though slavery has been abolished for over 400 years, its legacy lives on. This day brings attention to the events that occurred and how retribution can be carried out. It also raises awareness about the negative effects of racism and prejudice.
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
The International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition is an international day celebrated August 23 of each year, the day …International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
Glasgow University is to pay £20m in reparations to atone for its historical links to the transatlantic slave trade in what the University of West Indies has described as a “bold, historic” move.
It signed an agreement with the University of the West Indies to fund a joint centre for development research, at a ceremony in Glasgow on Friday morning.
Glasgow University discovered last year it had benefited financially from Scottish slave traders in the 18th and 19th centuries by between £16.7m and £198m in today’s money.
In what is thought to be the first attempt by a British university to set up a programme of restorative justice, it has pledged to raise £20m for the centre, chiefly in research grants and gifts.
Other British universities, including Oxford and Bristol, have been the focus of protests over their ties to the slave trade and to powerful colonialists, such as Cecil Rhodes.
In 2017, All Souls College at Oxford launched an annual scholarship for Caribbean students and paid a £100,000 grant to a college in Barbados, in recognition of its funding from Christopher Codrington, a wealthy slave owner who bequeathed £10,000 in 1710 to build a library that bears his name.
Glasgow University played a key role in the abolitionist campaign of the era but until recently Scotland’s profiteering from slavery, including from tobacco and cotton plantations, was largely ignored. One of its former rectors was Robert Cunninghame Graham, who spent two decades making his fortune as a plantation owner and slaver.
Graham Campbell, a Scottish National party councillor who became the city’s first councillor of African-Caribbean descent in 2017, welcomed the agreement.
“Our mutual recognition of the appalling consequences of that past – an indictment of Scottish inhumanity over centuries towards enslaved Africans – are the justifications that are at the root of the modern-day racism that we fight now,” he said.
“This action is a necessary first step in the fight against institutionalised racism and discrimination in Scotland and the UK and for the international fight for reparative justice.”
Prof Anton Muscatelli, the principal of Glasgow University, said it was fitting the final ceremony took place on the same day as the International Day of Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition.
“Talking about any institution’s or country’s historical links to slavery can be a difficult conversation, but we felt it was a necessary one for our university to have,” he said.
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition: Honoring Resilience and Triumph
“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”— Martin Luther King Jr., Civil Rights Leader
The International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition, observed on August 23rd, stands as a solemn reminder of one of humanity’s darkest chapters. This day honors the resilience and courage of those who fought against the brutality of slavery and celebrates the eventual…
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"A day to honor the strength of those who endured and the courage of those who fought. International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition reminds us of the importance of justice, equality, and the unbreakable spirit of humanity.