#India Look W
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76 YEARS AND WE'RE STILL GOING!!!!!
#independence day#Like listen I have my problems w this country#But I can also acknowledge that we've gotten so far#So this independence day! I implore you to look into our history!#Find out abt kala pani and how horrific it was#Look beyond “we got independence because of gandhi and Nehru”#It wasn't a bloodless victory#It was almost two centuries of constant struggle#And that deserves far more acknowledgment than it's given#We've fought for so long and we'll continue to fight#India#Bharat mata ki jai<3#sara. exe#I love my country and want it to be better#And better starts w us
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They're BOTH having a great time :D!!!
#they were liberating things from the british museum together XD!!!!!#psii.txt#tuna draws#spiderman across the spiderverse#spiderman atsv#spiderman india#pavitr prabhakar#spider punk#hobie brown#tag as ship if you want idm#hobie looks a bit more aggressive w the lightning comic mark thingies but hes smiling under the mask trust me#barbie mugshot meme#barbie mugshot redraw
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a pass at a riju redesign ive been researching so much for her. lays on the floor
#loz#totk#loz totk#legend of zelda#tears of the kingdom#totk spoilers#just in case :)#gerudo#riju#loz riju#totk riju#sketch's sketches#i tried real super hard to be respectful w the sources i had but if i missed smth feel free to lmk!!! her formal wear is a sari from india#but her fighting wear i just wanted to cover her up from the sand so its not super specific inspired or anything#saris are so pretty btw i think they are so cool i am looking respectfully and appreciating them so much
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the paradesi synagogue in kochi, kerala, india. the first synagogue on the site, built by the city's longstanding malabari jewish community, was destroyed by portugese who'd colonized the area in their persecution of locals. it was rebuilt in 1568 by spanish and portugese jews who fled persecution and later expulsion, hence the name "paradesi" ("foreign" in malayalam).
these sephardic jews and a community of jews of mixed african and european descent who were formerly enslaved ("meshuchrarim", "freedmen" in hebrew) joined the malabari jewish community of kochi and somewhat integrated. they were later joined by some iraqi, persian, yemenite, afghan, and dutch sephardic jews. the middle eastern and european jews were considered "white jews" and permitted malabari jews and meshuchrarim to worship in the synagogue. however, in what seems like a combination of local caste dynamics and racism, malabari jews were not allowed full membership. meshuchrarim weren't allowed in at all, but were instead made to sit outside during services and not allowed their own place of worship or other communal rights.
as the "white jews" tended to be rather wealthy from trade, this synagogue contains multiple antiquities. they include belgian glass chandeliers on its walls, hand-painted porcelain tiles from china on its floors, and an oriental rug that was gifted by ethiopian emperor haile selassie.
#india#architecture#interior#worship#jewish#sephardic#mizrahi#abrahamic kerala#my posts#this seems like a combo of european racism & s asian casteism but idk anything abt castes so idk how right i am#imo the attitude of the paradesi sephardim sort of echoes what went on w/ portugese & st thomas christians#though they were also influenced by ''jewish racism'' (someone not being an ''authentic'' jew or 100% jewish in lineage)#also its interesting that most paradesi jews who left india went to other commonwealth countries while most malabar jews went to occupied#palestine (for the same reason indian muslims went to pakistan more or less). something something the west's unwanted refugee dumping groun#also i'm not saying the portugese didn't persecute against locals who practiced other religions just that there was a Very Specific type of#persecution st thomas christians and malabari jews faced from them#one more thing: i think most americans dont know (and western europeans like to forget) that the transatlantic slave trade went into#western europe as well. even if most w euro countries outlawed slavery before the us did#and also that ‘white’ has never had a linear definition (yemenites are very not ‘white’-looking to the average american)
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i want to write the best part of james being indian/desi: his wedding
#the hype#unparalleld#sirius dancing w that one desi uncle james def has from india like#i neeeeeed to see it#like whether its#jegulus#or#jily#lily....would look SO beautiful if she wanted to go full indian bridal#and reg would just be overwhelmed by all of it but its impossible for u to be at an indian wedding and not be HAPPY at least#the hype is CONTAGIOUS#james potter#regulus black#lily evans#desi james potter
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dehradun days
you meet them for the first time,
knowing it's probably the last.
might as well make the most of this time,
since life comes at you fast.
you find the strangest of signals
in the no-network zones.
cross-tent communication with folks,
just rambling about the unknown.
there's the warmth of shared laughter,
that carries you through freezing nights,
and you look up at the flickering stars,
to finally see things in a different light.
and at 11,000 ft above sea level
you finally reach the peak,
just to realise the joy was in the journey,
and the friends you made that week.
you'll visit caves & splendid cafes,
and remember the city in mere parts,
but years later, you'll still tell everyone,
how dehradun captured your heart.
#inertia-writes#poets on tumblr#desi poetry#dehradun poetry#poems on india#poems on life#desiblr#being desi#dehradun#i went on a trek w the lowest of expectations and it was one of the best experiences of my life#it's so refreshing to meet people from different cities and of different ages and backgrounds#jan and feb were pretty meh but things have been looking upwards from march (thank you god - i acknowledge your existence)#thought of writing a happy poem for a change of tone (and also maybe because i am genuinely happy :) )#this isn't one of my best poems i feel - it's a bit unrefined - but who cares it is one of my happy ones sooooo#there are times when absolutely nothing significant happens and there are days when years happen#i didn't go in the mountains for solitude - i felt that here already haha. i went for a change.#but i gained so many memories w people and so many positive perspectives that i needed in general. also nayata premier league <3#i think i believe in destiny now. i was destined to meet those people and have a good time and come back to reality w a spring in my step#and maybe the mountains were calling. can't stay away from snow too long - i was born during snowy days anyway#came back home and am still in some weird positive trance - good for me#also my lucky streak is still going on - kaavish released a new song#historic moment in time (thank you god 2x)#poems on friendship#found family#poems on found family#all the may '23 - feb '24 melancholy has been washed out of my system. i am now set for the next tragedy of my life lol#dekhte hai kab tak khush rehti hu mein - kuch bhayankar honewala hai aisa lag raha hai#i do not remember the last time i was happy for a month straight - am i living in a virtual simulation?#whoever is controlling my life rn - i would like to continue to stay in this simulation - thanks v much
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thats why it hurts my brain too when ppl have intense ass arguments abt what race specific "hard to classify" groups are
the balkans are just one example of this bc weve been considered a bunch of shit throughout history and we exist in a weird position always but. there are So Many ethnic groups and regions of the world which are like this
and ppl will go on entire things with the upmost seriousness trying to "race" whatever ethnicity when its like....... dude do you not understand.... does the entire argument itself not make you see.... this is all made up and this conversation makes no damn sense bc there isnt actually any sort of biological basis that this shit is based on ,, ,,, race is Largely some bullshit made up for the sake of oppression and youre trying So Hard to shove ppl into it instead of understanding the complexities of the situation...why..... pls stop
#are somalis black or arab? god i wish we could just stop w this also as if there aren't afro arabs as if historically#what we call arabs arent one of the fitst ppls out of africa as if there arent dark skinned arabs w curly hair#as if there isnt MORE diversity between africans than there is with non africans 😭😭 bro black or even african isnt any race theyre the#oldest ppl on earth the amount of genetic variation is insaaaneee#does the endless conversation itself not show this is a social issue not a real biological issue ppl are being shoved into and shoving#themselves into????#are balkan ppl white. are slavs white.#dude what the fuck is the white race. weve been considereded white recently were also not like????#are the kuchi people of aghanistan and india white? asian?#this entire convo is stupid race isnt a thing they are people they are a nomadic ethnic group w a history#STOP#are indigenous americans asians or indigenous??? well they come from asians but again this convo goes in circles bc neither asian or native#american as a Race is an actual thing that Exists#Race is some bullshit made up for oppression and which largely still exists today for oppression Or in the best case scenario to#classify broad groups of ppl together based on looks#but its not a Real Thing with Real Definine Lines and Real Biology which there are Real Answers To
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once i was talking about how i felt disconnected from my family/culture because i am white passing and some girl told me that if i dont “look it” im not allowed to partake in my own cultural traditions
I’ve said it before I’ll say it again if you get told you don’t look your ethnicity “you think everybody of my ethnicity looks the same?” Is almost always an infallible roundhouse kick KO in these situations. If you’re talking to someone with white guilt it’s a critical hit that will give them nightmares for years
#asks#anonymous#this is particularly useful for me because I can preface it with ‘there’s 1.3 billion people in India and you think they all look the same?#also cultural appropriation discourse went so crazy w this topic lol people were breaching race science territory
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the way i got the most unserious bunch of members for model un today 💀🧍🏽♀️
#🎤.rim is speaking#no tell me#those 4 guys literally be tryna sell russia (my team's assigned country) to india for some 50 rupees to make india our ally-#and then they be playing ludo during the resolution discussion#😭😭😭😭#the event was fun though#although the final decision was so biased?????#like bro why you giving the delegtion that didnt even speak the best delegation award huhh??#and then some country try be coming to a common ground w me and im js standing all confused like BRO WHAT#DO I LOOK LIKE I HAVE ANY IDEA OF WHAT IM DOING🧍🏽♀️🧍🏽♀️🧍🏽♀️🧍🏽♀️🧍🏽♀️#neway random day update
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wishing i phrased this as ‘if u are heavily tattooed’
#stream#like ppl w like a couple i wasn’t asking yall no offence 😭😭😭🫶#i’m gatekeeping my own post ALSKALSKALSKALLLKSLAK#like i made this bc i hate being fetishized for having tattoos 😭😭😭#idk i just think it’s weird like#i mean i get it …… i guess ? like the ‘rugged’ association w them but it’s like 😭😭😭😭#but idk i just think the conflation of being tattooed & ‘masculinity’ or ‘mystery’ or ‘darkness’ is just so funny to me bc it’s like#imagine a person that dresses goth but their house is all yellow & pink & idk carefree but they ‘look’ like they’d be ‘sleeping in a coffin’#bc it’s like ‘person w tons of black/grey realism’: works in finance ALSJALSKALKSLAKSLAKSLAKSLAKA#LIKE THATS THE REALITY OF IT IN THIS DAY & AGE 😭😭😭😭#but then it’s like ‘mystery’ ???? what ‘MYSTERY’ ITS RIGHT THERE ITS PRINTED ON THEM#‘why do u have a chicken tattoo’ ‘i like cock’ like idk i just don’t get it 😭😭😭😭#ALSJALSKALKDLAJDLAJDLAJSLA LIKE EVEN IN THOSE NAVAL DAYS: why were tattoos associated w roughness - military: servicemen got drunk so often#in public they would get in fights thereby creating the perception 😭😭😭😭#like ‘wow it’s so much pain …’ like its rly not. it’s the same sensation every time & eventually that area goes a bit numb like it’s#literally nothing ‘harder’ than going to get botox#like 😭😭😭😭#idk this is just me being a bitch for no reason#i just think my tattoos are feminine (they’re not) & i think that i should be seen SOFTLY for them (im also not)#reclaiming my femininity …. bc it’s the only fucking one i got growing up 😭😭😭😭#ok actually i just remembered my bestie sent me a comedian from india & she was like ‘my daughter is taking an elective. pottery :(‘ & it#did make me lose my shit bc my mother is just like that & i would be just like that w my child too ALSKALSKALSKLAKSLA I WASNT EVEN ALLOWED#TO TAKE ART IN MIDDLE SCHOOL AS AN ELECTIVE SHE MADE ME DO BAND 😭😭😭😭😭😭#ALAJALSKALSKLAJSLSKDLAKSLAKSLAKAA#me looking wistfully at my past: why didn’t we go to art school#me looking wishfully at my future: why don’t we kill ourselves >:) & everyone too>:3
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Commercial food brands:
People aren't buying your products bc you put milk in everything and no vegan options. People are learning that eating SO MUCH MILK AND MEAT is NOT actually great for you and your body and also makes ya constipated. I think maybe yall should invest in vegan options and alternatives to your popular products, then you wont lose so many people to being fed up and ultimately resorting to cooking for themselves since like most every popular food brand has 0 alternatives.
#my stomach does Not appreciate having to eat anything w milk and meat in it#aside from any morals i have for myself about eating animal products. my stomach does Not like sitting there tryna digest this shit#and i also dont like it and being constipated like all the time :|#obviously im an Anti Milk Propaganda blog (in spite of being hindu ??) but this isnt even about how milk powder is in everything which it#is and its really annoying. this is about how in general this shit isnt sustainable if you're trying to gain as many consumers as possible#like health is a huge thing for ppl now ppl dont wanna just sit there and mindlessly eat whatever crap no matter whats in it#also okay i dont think its impossible to ethically consume milk. i do believe thats probably what most hindus do#its more like a. we're not cows so why are we doing this kinda thing. like i think we only started consuming milk outta desperation#and lack of other food options but now we got a whole lot more options so idk.#im a snake-man so im just like. avoidant of milk in general djfhhgfdhg. i've always hated how dairy tastes .-.#im sorrey shiva pls forgive me u-u#nvm just looked up the dairy industry in india and its Not looking good out here boys :T#i trust that like ppl with their own cows are good to them but uh... industries gonna industry no matter who gets hurt huh#anyways i need to stop reading about this because im already crying and i dont need to anymore 😢👍#not gonna act like its better in the us but hearing about this stuff and seeing any imagery of it just makes me cry a lot
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youtube
#snailman sketches#bryan adams#look idk what it is w me and this guy lately#i guess as someone whose dad grew up in India in the 80s and 90s it was kind of inevitable that I’d wind up liking him#it’s in the blood#Youtube
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Hi! Can I request headcanons for how the TWST third years would react to male Yuu!reader rolling up to their dorm in a crop top and booty shorts, holding a laundry basket and being like "Ay yo, my laundromat's busted. Can I use yours?" (With said third years having a crush on the reader?)
Male Reader wearing a crop top and booty shorts in front of the third years
Characters: Lilia, Malleus, India, Leona, (couldn’t do all of them bc i got tired sorry :[
Warnings: suggestive, not much else
Lilia
You walked over to the Daisomnia dorm knocking before the door opened on its own, surprising you for a second. You walked in slowly carrying your basket of clothing and some blankets before something suddenly dropped down directly in front of you. “OH WHAT THE FUCK-” you shreiked dropping the basket before hearing a familiar laugh “Hee hee Kee hee hee”. Lillia hopped down in front of you giggling before looking up eyes widening as he began to smirk.
“Lilia you damn near gave me a heart attack PLEASE never do that again” you panted holding your chest. “I make no promises dear, but do tell what’s with the outfit” he smiled, staring you up and down. “Oh that, the laundry at Ramshackle is busted and I was wondering if I could wash this here” you picked up the laundry basket holding it. “Oh?” Lilia smiled “Come then although i’m not too sure if i'll be keeping my hands to myself” he smirked as you sighed while he brought you to the laundry room with an arm around your waist.
Malleus
A knocking sound was heard from the daisomnia dorm's door, which in turn caused its intimidating dorm head to face the door. At the time Lilia had taken Sebek and Silver out to get sweets from a shop he heard about online saying something about “All the kids are talking about this epic shop-” or something of the sort that caused silver to internally cringe while Sebek yelled about how “they must see it at once”. Malleus sat in his room, after hearing the knocking he stood up and opened the door. You stood looking up at him, originally he’d planned to greet you as usual, that was until he looked down at your clothing.
“Child of man how come you’ve appeared to me toni-” he cut himself off after looking down breathlessly. You wore a short crop top and shorts that tightly hugged your skin, to Malleus it felt sinful to even look at. Malleus’s face heated up as his normally cold expression melted away, leaving his fists clenched and eyes wide ‘was it hot or was it just him?’. “C-Child of man I’m not quite sure If your choice of clothing is appropriate for tonight's weather, it’s quite cold right now” he said trying to regain composure although the blush on his sharply pointed ears said otherwise.
“Oh hello Malleus. My washing machine and dryer are kinda busted, so I was wondering if you’d lend me yours for a bit” you said smiling as if unaware of the effect you had on him. He took a second to process before letting you inside and leading you to the laundry room. Although the entire time he was trying to be polite you could feel his dreamlike gaze on you.
Idia
Ortho knocked on his brother’s door, who didn’t respond so he opened it. “Idia!” he said, alerting his brother who nearly slipped and fell out of his gaming chair. “A-ah Ortho I’m kind of in the middle of a match right now what do you-” he cut himself off after seeing the prefect walk in next to him. His jaw dropped while his hair burst into pink flames, his controller slipping out of his hands.
“Y-YOU, i-i what are you doing here” he said loudly, his voice becoming shaky and quiet after the first word. “Well if you opened the door you would've known, His washer and dryer is broken so I offered to let him use ours we just came over to tell you” Ortho said informing his brother of the situation. “W-Whatever just get that normie out of my room” he said, face barely covered by his hand. After they left Idia crossed his legs embarrassingly hiding his hard on, the way those shorts hugged your thighs and oh god when you turned around, shit he needed to grab a tissue.
Leona
Leona heard someone walking into the room where he was lounging and he looked up, it was (Name) wearing some well fitting clothing, he raised an eyebrow. “Herbivore, what are you doing here? Did you pay Ruggie to let you in again” he said in a bit of an annoyed tone but his eyes said something different. “No, I was just here to wash my clothing because Ramshackles' shitty washing machine and dryer broke. I told Crowley to buy new ones but he just had to act like that was a world ending request” you sighed and Leona looked unsurprised.
“Do as you will I guess but don’t take too long” he snarled, and you looked at him “ok big guy I'll only be here as long as it takes to wash and dry this stuff” you sighed and walked out unaware of Leona sharply eyeing your ass.
Authors note: I'm gonna work on some pretty pictures of the characters i write for so my layout looks cool!
#twisted wonderland x male reader#twisted wonderland#twst x male reader#disney twst#leona kingscholar#leona kingscholar x male reader#malleus draconia#malleus x male reader#lilia vanrouge#lilia twisted wonderland#lilia x male reader#lilia vanrouge x male reader#idia shroud#idia x male reader
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during its apartheid years, south africa had one of the strictest media controls in the world. this extended into homes when television was introduced in the country in 1977 (which the government had delayed until that year due to fears of "undue influence"), and when home video came along with it. each videotape that was legally distributed during these years was required to have a notice in the official languages of english and afrikaans that it complied with media censorship laws codified years prior.
(the model for the certificate was likely influenced by the british board of film classification's. by the beginning of the 20th century, the british had brought the template with them to south africa and other former colonies such as india. south africa was probably the only country to use it on home releases.)
this meant that south africans who watched "legal" videotaped movies not only had to sit through commercials and a standard-issue anti-piracy warning, but a federal confirmation that the film didn't feature an interracial couple, among many other things. the total time for the two warnings could reach up to two minutes long - for comparison, the chorus of "oops i did it again" by britney spears is twenty seconds long - but some were rushed through.
this example was taken from a tape of disney's snow white and the seven dwarfs published in 1994, the year apartheid ended. the media censorship laws which required the certificate would be overhauled two years later, though video openings remained similar for a while after.
#south africa#info#obviously there were ''illegal'' tapes smuggled in like in every other country w/ similar laws#i also added the model thing bc many people (particularly mericans like myself) aren't used to seeing whole ass Certificates at the#beginning of movies. that being said it was a theatres thing and not a home releases thing in the uk india etc#the mpaa ratings bumpers were always a lot more sparse and less official-looking#absolutely nothing to do with architecture but it fit more here than on my main. vhs history etc#and yeah. break. uh. idk#btw the /sraeli government did the exact same thing w/ television and ended up caving in '67#(not /as/ late but still pretty damn late)#the year being significant had nothing to do w/ it#it was because the general population were getting televisions so they could tune into broadcasts in neighboring countries#(palestine is small so not too hard)#and they c-couldn't have people watching ARAB TELEVISION!!!! THE HORROR!!!!!!!!!!!
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1810s dashboard but it's niche drama
💛 heartofanna Following
imagine cancelling someone for saying war is bad
🧵 sharethewoe Follow
#didn't expect better from w*rdsworth but some people i rly thought i could count on…… #anyway we will live to see this empire fall. can't stop history lol (via @heartofanna)
speaking as someone who was press ganged at the age of 17 to serve in his majesty's royal navy i couldn't be more grateful for your poem. young men like me are cannon fodder and you spoke for so many of us. fuck napoleon but fuck parliament even more.
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chatterpwned-deactivated78345629743
stable forgiving virtuous flourishing in my lane definitely not buying poison moisturized unbothered never been better
chatterpwned-deactivated78345629743
me when i lie
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🏛 mynoseisfine Follow
Settling this once and for all. What does the public actually think about the Parthenon marbles debate:
🦉 realminerva Follow
lol i know it’s you lord elgin
🦉 realminerva Follow
like we joke and all but fully aside from the fact that removing the sculptures from greek soil was vulturine and opportunistic etc, it’s really just the tip of a frankly gigantic mountain of imperialist bullshit. let’s not pretend we haven’t been brutally killing hundreds who resisted oppression in india, LITERALLY BOMBED A NEUTRAL EUROPEAN CAPITAL, and embarrassed ourselves in the charge against napoleon for years now. pathetic ass empire & evil as hell to boot. @mynoseisfine the greeks who carved your marbles millennia ago would kick your tory ass so hard
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🎀 emmawoodhousestan Follow
how do i still keep seeing thomas chatterton's final post being reblogged, wtf is wrong with you freaks??? he was seventeen it was tragic and horrible and happened ages ago. he was a kid just let him rest
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🍎 masque-off Following
callout post for @castleyeah @lordsidmouth @officialcoe @parliamentofficial: they oppress, murder and famish the british working people & also suck majorly
⛪ castleyeah Follow
sour cuz you’re unfit to have custody of your own kids huh
🍎 masque-off Following
proud to be the dad of a newborn who could already rend your pudding spine asunder with a mere glance
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🦆 mallardturner Following
finished this today 😊
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😎 chadeharold Follow
why is it always “you’re risking your life and legacy & will get yourself killed before the age of five and twenty” and never how was swimming the hellespont the hellespont looked fun was it fun
🎭 loved-joanna Mutuals
ohhh my god you swam the hellespont five years ago?? wooow should we tell everyone?? should we throw a party?? should we invite famous hero of greek myth leander who swam the hellespont
😎 chadeharold Follow
@loved-joanna look we never had any beef & don’t have to start this now. it’s cool that you’re sticking up for my ex, you guys were friends first, but just know that i’ve always trusted your opinion on my work & genuinely respect and admire you & would still be up for a collab whenever.
🎭 loved-joanna Mutuals
yea sure why don’t your lips collab with my ass
😎 chadeharold Follow
on it boss
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#literally call me. down if you are
🍂 endymion Follow
sorry is it me or is the assassin who stabbed german bootleg wordsworth kinda…… 🥵
💄 biprincesscharlotte Mutuals
JOHN KEATS????????
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#i'm p sure this is the author of lamia thirstposting on main??? help
🌾 huntsmanx Follow
romanticism this romanticism that why don’t you romanticise universal suffrage and rights for labouring people
🌾 huntsmanx Follow
anyone else in jail for seditious libel
🏹 axelaidtotheroot Mutuals
lmao i'm one of the “anyone else”s and i know you’re enjoying family visits and apparently some kind of cushy armchair situation, plus tons of books. try being in here as a spencean dude they won’t even let me learn how to write. worst of all some evangelical came by yesterday just to proselytize & put me “on the right path” fml
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🗻 mounttambora Follow
y'all i don't feel so good :/
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#if you use dark mode...........rip i guess#this was the most fun i've had writing anything in so long. also. if you see the timeline not check out no you don't#(wedderburn was only imprisoned in the 1820s i think & the lamia volume was also published in 1820)#(also up to you whether he's responding to henry or leigh hunt. it's the 1810s everyone's in jail esp if they're a hunt)#romanticism#and just to be sure.#long post
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In fact, far more Asian workers moved to the Americas in the 19th century to make sugar than to build the transcontinental railroad [...]. [T]housands of Chinese migrants were recruited to work [...] on Louisiana’s sugar plantations after the Civil War. [...] Recruited and reviled as "coolies," their presence in sugar production helped justify racial exclusion after the abolition of slavery.
In places where sugar cane is grown, such as Mauritius, Fiji, Hawaii, Guyana, Trinidad and Suriname, there is usually a sizable population of Asians who can trace their ancestry to India, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia and elsewhere. They are descendants of sugar plantation workers, whose migration and labor embodied the limitations and contradictions of chattel slavery’s slow death in the 19th century. [...]
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Mass consumption of sugar in industrializing Europe and North America rested on mass production of sugar by enslaved Africans in the colonies. The whip, the market, and the law institutionalized slavery across the Americas, including in the U.S. When the Haitian Revolution erupted in 1791 and Napoleon Bonaparte’s mission to reclaim Saint-Domingue, France’s most prized colony, failed, slaveholding regimes around the world grew alarmed. In response to a series of slave rebellions in its own sugar colonies, especially in Jamaica, the British Empire formally abolished slavery in the 1830s. British emancipation included a payment of £20 million to slave owners, an immense sum of money that British taxpayers made loan payments on until 2015.
Importing indentured labor from Asia emerged as a potential way to maintain the British Empire’s sugar plantation system.
In 1838 John Gladstone, father of future prime minister William E. Gladstone, arranged for the shipment of 396 South Asian workers, bound to five years of indentured labor, to his sugar estates in British Guiana. The experiment with “Gladstone coolies,” as those workers came to be known, inaugurated [...] “a new system of [...] [indentured servitude],” which would endure for nearly a century. [...]
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Bonaparte [...] agreed to sell France's claims [...] to the U.S. [...] in 1803, in [...] the Louisiana Purchase. Plantation owners who escaped Saint-Domingue [Haiti] with their enslaved workers helped establish a booming sugar industry in southern Louisiana. On huge plantations surrounding New Orleans, home of the largest slave market in the antebellum South, sugar production took off in the first half of the 19th century. By 1853, Louisiana was producing nearly 25% of all exportable sugar in the world. [...] On the eve of the Civil War, Louisiana’s sugar industry was valued at US$200 million. More than half of that figure represented the valuation of the ownership of human beings – Black people who did the backbreaking labor [...]. By the war’s end, approximately $193 million of the sugar industry’s prewar value had vanished.
Desperate to regain power and authority after the war, Louisiana’s wealthiest planters studied and learned from their Caribbean counterparts. They, too, looked to Asian workers for their salvation, fantasizing that so-called “coolies” [...].
Thousands of Chinese workers landed in Louisiana between 1866 and 1870, recruited from the Caribbean, China and California. Bound to multiyear contracts, they symbolized Louisiana planters’ racial hope [...].
To great fanfare, Louisiana’s wealthiest planters spent thousands of dollars to recruit gangs of Chinese workers. When 140 Chinese laborers arrived on Millaudon plantation near New Orleans on July 4, 1870, at a cost of about $10,000 in recruitment fees, the New Orleans Times reported that they were “young, athletic, intelligent, sober and cleanly” and superior to “the vast majority of our African population.” [...] But [...] [w]hen they heard that other workers earned more, they demanded the same. When planters refused, they ran away. The Chinese recruits, the Planters’ Banner observed in 1871, were “fond of changing about, run away worse than [Black people], and … leave as soon as anybody offers them higher wages.”
When Congress debated excluding the Chinese from the United States in 1882, Rep. Horace F. Page of California argued that the United States could not allow the entry of “millions of cooly slaves and serfs.” That racial reasoning would justify a long series of anti-Asian laws and policies on immigration and naturalization for nearly a century.
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All text above by: Moon-Ho Jung. "Making sugar, making 'coolies': Chinese laborers toiled alongside Black workers on 19th-century Louisiana plantations". The Conversation. 13 January 2022. [All bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me.]
#abolition#tidalectics#caribbean#ecology#multispecies#imperial#colonial#plantation#landscape#indigenous#intimacies of four continents#geographic imaginaries#indigenous pedagogies#black methodologies
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