#Independence Bahia

[v2crystals]

Shop Indie Local Local Press Release

For Immediate Release: October 20, 2023 Media Contacts: Vanessa Valente vanessa@bohobahia.com     Boho Bahia Partners With Independent Business Advocacy Groups To Launch 2023 Shop Indie Local Holiday Campaign   Quechee, Vermont – Boho Bahia will join the American Independent Business Alliance (AMIBA) to launch their Shop Indie Local Holiday Campaign, urging individuals and businesses to shift…

[bohobahia]

Shop Indie Local Local Press Release

For Immediate Release: October 20, 2023 Media Contacts: Vanessa Valente vanessa@bohobahia.com     Boho Bahia Partners With Independent Business Advocacy Groups To Launch 2023 Shop Indie Local Holiday Campaign   Quechee, Vermont – Boho Bahia will join the American Independent Business Alliance (AMIBA) to launch their Shop Indie Local Holiday Campaign, urging individuals and businesses to shift…

[cepheusgalaxy]

My country's independance day? Yea, kind of I think. But my state's independance day??? It's simply COOL AF.

Lemme explain. History lesson time!

Ok, so, Brazil was a Portuguese colony, right? From like the 16th century to a few hundred years later. The country was actually named like that by the settlers because there was this stick that gave red dye the Portuguese used to dye their red stuff in a lively tone. The stick was named brazil so they had their new territory named that too. Pretty mild if you want my opinion. (I THINK it was formerly called Pindorama by the indigenous folk back in the day but I'm not 100% sure how many of the tribes called it that way)

Ok, so, back into the beggining of the 19th century, Napoleon Bonaparte was planning to invade Portugal. The royal family was REALLY scared so they made a plan to flee to their most far away colony in the New World: Brazil! Portugal asked for a sea escort from the English, because the English had nice ships and were powerful in the waters, so the royal family and a bunch of other nobles and writers and important people packaged their stuff and went into this really uncomfy ride through the Atlantic to land on Brazil.

The royal family landed here that way, and they actually stayed for like two generations. The king at the time was named Dom João The Sixth and he had a small son, Pedro The First. After some tricksy history stuff i don't remember well about Napoleon, Dom João went back to Portugal (or died. I don't remember that part) and let his son, Pedro The First to rule the colony. We actually have a library down there on the south area from that time.

Anyways, one generation of the royal family back in Portugal, the other having fun on Brazil and all, and time passes and Brazil wants independance from Portugal.

Dom Pedro The First, then, proceeds to 'declare independance' on september 7, at the bank of the Ipiranga river (there is a reference to that in our national anthem btw), BUT 'The Kingdom of Brazil' doesn't really cut ties with Portugal and the independance is just really on paper. Portugueses are still occuping everywhere, Brazil has to pay their shit to Portugal still, all that.

But then, one of the states decided to do something about that.

Bahia is one of the most warm areas on the country because it's very up in the northeast, and it was actually the first place the Portuguese settlers landed in back in the 1500's. One of the Brazil's former capitals is also in here btw. The people here back in the 1800's decided they were sick of having these european guys here, so they started a real independance movement. In Salvador there was a huge battle if I remember well, lots afro-descentents, indigenous people and women had a crucial part, there was a nun as well who did something great I cannot recall right now, and then that ignited revolution movements all across the country

The day of Bahian's Independance is july 2, and it's honestly such a great day in my opinion. 😌

Bonus: two people who played a great role in that event

[Image description: An image of Maria Felipa, a black woman wearing a blue dress, earrings and a red patterned turban. She is facing the viewer with a decided expression. /end ID.]

Maria Felipa de Oliveira - she was a manual worker and she led a huge group of people in one if the battles.

[Image description: A portrait of Maria Quitéria, wearing her blue military uniform and high hat. /end ID.]

This is Maria Quitéria (a LOT of marias) and if you want a base for her role and stuff, picture Mulan. I don't think it was very uncommon for this kind of thing to happen, but this lady played just a crucial role in the Independance. She disguised herself as a man and got into the resisting brazilian military and was a GREAT soldier. Later, they found out she was a woman, but she got a portrait made of her, special honors and also a customized uniform with a blue skirt she is always despicted in.

I just love my history.

[ms-lirio]

Thoughts on Macau? I think he'd be an interesting character to think about

💛 MACAU + BRASIL 💚

I know the question was directed to Macau, but it will eventually end up being Maycentric lol since the vision I always bring is the characters' relationships and their interactions with my oc.

In this case, a member of the Portuguese-speaking community and we have a lot to talk about. However, I'm not an internationalist, I know a little about diplomacy and history as a simple hobby. I am not an authority figure.

🎲 MACAU:

My human name for him is Miguel da Silva Xavier/Chan Yee Cheung. Sometimes he may present himself as Miguel Chan. His nickname is Mimi and no one can stop me from calling him like this.

I remember someone a long, long time ago in the fandom giving him the fanon name "Xavier", so it got stuck in me for years, but it sounds better as a surname, in my opinion. So I preserved the Xavier, but as a surname, as a memory, for the sake of that good old-times fanon name, haha.

I baptized him Miguel, fits him better. Actually, Afonso did it, not me xd I am not the colonizer here. 💋

About the Cantonese name... I am not sure if it is correct, I spent so much time researching Cantonese names, and surnames, about important Macanese people, so I could have an idea of names... So, I am deeply sorry if I commited a mistake, if you are Cantonese/Macanese, feel free to correct me. I really tried my best 😔 uff

Lusofam (from Brazil's perspective)

Firstly, nowadays, Mayara barely sees Afonso as a father figure (perhaps due to a kind of resentment that she developed over time). Although yes, in other historical moments Portugal and Brazil have maintained a kind of relationship similar to that of parent-child, but it was a very troubled relationship. And, it's still a complicated relationship. Although, currently, they are on great terms and cooperate with each other. They've been rebuilding a kind of family relationship, but there are still many fights and disagreements; It is very complex to define lol

I know it will sound sad, but May is a bit isolated from Lusofam. Not for the same reasons as the Hispanic American countries, but due to the distance. And because she is not all aware of them.

Brazil is the only country that speaks Portuguese in the Americas. The other Portuguese speakers are too far away to create strong family ties with, although yes, she is interested in getting closer to the Lusofonia, and little by little the relationship between them is becoming closer.

Many of these countries and regions, however, had contact with her at some point during Maylore.

The closest lusófono Mayara feels to having a family relationship (besides Afonso) is Lívia (Angola). With whom I believe she created a true fraternal bond (Brazil was the first country to recognize the Independence of Angola, for example).

HISTORICAL TIES

(Chinese Tea plantation in the Jardim Botânico of Rio de Janeiro)

The first relations between Macau and Brazil took place through trade and architecture through Portugal during colonial times.

(Via: Terra de Santa Cruz)

Chinese Jesus Christ.

"They came in one of the ships that traveled the "Indian route", a trade route between Europe and Asia. The presence of these statues in Bahia may have been the result of a mercantile exchange between Brazil and China. Recôncavo's tobacco was appreciated in the East, yielded profits for the Bahian farmer and enriched the region.

One of the fans of Cachoeirense tobacco would have been the Chinese emperor Quianlong (1711-1799), fourth monarch of the Manchu Qing dynasty, who had relations with the Portuguese through Macau. It is likely that, in this circulation of goods and culture between the two regions, a Carmelite friar, a businessman or a high-ranking official from the Portuguese overseas Empire bought or exchanged the set of sculptures for tobacco, giving them as a gift to the Order. Terceira do Carmo." (Font: A Terra de Santa Cruz, FB)

Leão de Fô decorating a church located in João Pessoa, Paraíba.

This is a Chinese-looking statue. Sculpted by Macau and Goa artists in Brazil. This was a type of called "Arte Achinesada", "Chinese-looking art".

Church of Nossa Senhora do Ó de Sabara, Minas Gerais, with Chinese Pagoda style and Macanese-Goan Chinese-looking art, made by a Goan artist.

This type of art was very popular at the time, and inspired Brazilian artists as well.

The first Chinese Immigrants in Brazil came from Macau:

Now let's talk about what I HC that I believe it was the first personal contact between May and Mimi.

"In 1812, a boat from Macau with tea planters arrived in Rio de Janeiro." First image above in Historical Ties.

"The truth is that there is no consensus on the date. Nor, even, about whether this landing of immigrants was the first contact between China (always through Macau) and Brazil." (A/N: I believe not, due to the infos above).

"Leonor Diaz de Seabra, one of the Portuguese who has most studied the relationship between China and Brazil, points to 1810. The professor at the Department of Portuguese at the University of Macau (and at the Research Center for Luso-Asian Studies) argues that since 1810, tea cultivation began, in the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, with plants imported from Macau and with 200 Chinese to work there."

(Font: PontoFinalMacau.Wordpress)

Macau wanted Brazil

"If there is no [...] scientific evidence in the Macau archives about the date of sending the ship "Vulcano" with farmers from Hebei to Rio de Janeiro, where they dedicated themselves to planting tea, there is no doubt that Macau has been trying to get closer to Brazil for a long time."

(Font: PontoFinalMacau.Wordpress)

This makes me think that, yes, Brazil and Macau may have met each other somewhere during the ~1810~, a little after the Portuguese Royal Court moved to Brazil. This is a HC, however.

(I DIDN'T GIVE THIS TITLE I JUST STOLE FROM THE SITE WHERE I GOT THE INFO OKAY I AM INNOCENT HERE DON'T LOOK AT ME)

CONCLUSION

AS YOU CAN SEE, there is too much to talk about them. But I had to stop here, because it is becoming too long. I would like to put more details. But you can research by yourself (if you understand Portuguese lol, or if I made another post like this, or to correct myself in the future(?).

Macau and Brazil, in my own views, do not have a fraternal bond (like Brazil and Angola, for example), however, this does not mean that the relations between these two are disposable. Quite the opposite.

Macau is a strategic point for closer ties with China, precisely because they have ties that unite them, which is the history with Portugal and the Portuguese language. (I may have read it in an article many years ago, but I don't remember it).

They do not necessarily need to see each other as siblings, but they can maintain a different relationship; like old acquaintances. Like...someone you have a fondness for based on your historical similarities!

Certainly. I don't see any problem with portraying Lusofam as a family in some type of AU, for example. Like, they all being siblings. I myself have already made drawings portraying May and Mimi as adopted siblings. And it is adorable to see them like this.

It is upon you. 🫵 This is just my vision on them. ☝️ I know I talked more about history and shit, but I think this way I could explain better my vision on them.

All the information I used has its fonts and credits.

Lívia (Angola) (c) @favichanwriter

[encontroancestral]

An independent artist, from Bahia, here in Brazil. Like me. I fell in love with his work, completely. It portrays everything I love. And when he chose to portray Bahia, he did it beautifully. ♡ Thanks @astronautademarmore1 🩷✨️

[moneeb0930]

Meet Maria Felipa de Oliveira, the Black Woman Who Helped Brazil Gain Independence. She was one of 3 women that participated in the struggle for Bahia's independence in Brazil 🇧🇷 in 1823.

Overall she led around 200 rèsistance fighters using gùerrilla tactics (mostly Black and indigenous women). They continued to fight until the last Portuguese troops left the country on July 2nd, 1823.

Maria Felipa continued her life as a fisherwoman and capoeirista practioner, admired by the people of her island and all over Brazil. She dièd on January 4, 1873.

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

In Brazil, a Best-Selling Novel Confronts the Brutal Afterlife of Slavery

Crooked Plow made Itamar Vieira Junior an essential voice in Brazilian letters.

On May 13, 1888, Princess Isabel of Bragança, the heir presumptive to the Brazilian throne, signed a “Golden Law” that freed 700,000 people from slavery in Brazil. The country, which had declared independence from Portugal 66 years earlier, had received close to half of all enslaved Africans brought to the New World by European colonizers. Isabel’s formal declaration of abolition came decades after the precedents set by countries such as Great Britain, which outlawed slavery in 1807; facing pressure in the form of port attacks and slave ship seizures by British forces, Brazil’s parliament passed an 1871 law that freed all children born to enslaved parents (though not guaranteed before they reached the age of 21). But this blanket implementation, and even Isabel’s later decree, did little in the way of truly liberating those upon whose bodies the country’s economy had been built. By the dawn of the 19th century, Portuguese colonizers had shaped Brazil via the vast and often violent industries of coffee and gold in the South and sugar in the Northeast. To maintain this infrastructure, landowners conspired to keep enslaved men and women—most of them from West Africa—unfree. After abolition was implemented, the formerly enslaved were still at the mercy of landowners who would grant them permission to live on their property in exchange for free labor, leaving them indebted to their former employers and without much more freedom than what they’d had before.

First published in Brazil in 2018, and recently translated into English by Johnny Lorenz, Itamar Vieira Junior’s Crooked Plow takes place during the transitional years when freed slaves and their descendants sowed and harvested land that they were prevented from owning. Set in the hinterlands of Bahia’s Chapada Diamantina region in the early 20th century, the novel follows three generations of a family caught between the pull to remain in a familiar system of servitude in exchange for stability, and the post-abolition push toward claiming the land they knew—and loved—better than their former masters.

The book’s success in Brazil exemplifies a trend in the country’s literary landscape toward novels told from the perspective of the historically oppressed. In the past five years, Vieira Junior has been an integral member of a group of Brazilian writers who, in depicting racism and slavery through the viewpoint of racial minorities and enslaved peoples, remind us of Brazil’s painful colonial history while returning agency to those who suffered under its one-sided narration. In the wake of the Bolsonaro presidency, which sanctioned the intrusion on Indigenous territories and denied the prevalence of racism in the country, Viera Junior and his cohort’s mission has been particularly remarkable; by reimagining Brazil’s past, these writers are committing themselves to reimagining what Brazil can become.

Continue reading.

[kaimaciel]

Hi! Sry if I'm bothering but there's a scene that I needed to share

Brazil and Port in their independence angst meet again in Bahia, where one of the most important battles happened, naturally Port with the portuguese soldiers while Brazil siding with the rebels. Those two end up facing each other, both strongly fighting for their own causes. Brazil strikes and makes Port stumble into the ground, his musket falling half a meter from his reach. Brazil aims at him. He got a brave face but Port could see his hand trembling

"I don't want to hurt you" he says

"you don't have a choice" Port arms moves closer to the weapon

"don't pick up!" Brazil shouts while pointing at him "Please don't! I-I will shoot if you do it!"

You never bother me 😊

Oh, that's dramatic.

Port stares at Brazil's face, his hand still streched towards his musket.

"You don't want to hurt me? Bullshit. You knew very well what you were getting into. You and Arthur must have had a blast laughing behind my back."

"Surrender! I swear I will shoot if I have to!" Brazil yells, the gun pointed directly at Port's face.

Portugal's expression goes from shocked, to hurt to ice cold in a matter of seconds.

"Then do it," he says. "Shoot me. You're already dead to me anyway."

But before Brazil can decide, his soldiers grab Port from behind and drag him away with a knife on his neck.

"Take him to prison," Brazil tells the soldiers.

As Portugal is dragged away he shares one last glance with Brazil, filled with nothing but hatred.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 7.2

437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome. 626 – Li Shimin, the future Emperor Taizong of Tang, ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng in the Xuanwu Gate Incident. 706 – In China, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang inters the bodies of relatives in the Qianling Mausoleum, located on Mount Liang outside Chang'an. 866 – Battle of Brissarthe: The Franks led by Robert the Strong are defeated by a joint Breton-Viking army. 936 – King Henry the Fowler dies in his royal palace in Memleben. He is succeeded by his son Otto I, who becomes the ruler of East Francia. 963 – The Byzantine army proclaims Nikephoros II Phokas Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea. 1298 – The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. 1494 – The Treaty of Tordesillas is ratified by Spain. 1504 – Bogdan III the One-Eyed becomes Voivode of Moldavia. 1555 – Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis sacks the Italian city of Paola. 1561 – Menas, emperor of Ethiopia, defeats a revolt in Emfraz. 1582 – Battle of Yamazaki: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi Mitsuhide. 1613 – The first English expedition (from Virginia) against Acadia led by Samuel Argall takes place. 1644 – English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor. 1645 – Battle of Alford: Wars of the Three Kingdoms. 1698 – Thomas Savery patents the first steam engine. 1723 – Bach's Magnificat is first performed. 1776 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress adopts a resolution severing ties with the Kingdom of Great Britain although the wording of the formal Declaration of Independence is not adopted until July 4. 1816 – The French frigate Méduse strikes the Bank of Arguin and 151 people on board have to be evacuated on an improvised raft, a case immortalised by Géricault's painting The Raft of the Medusa. 1822 – Thirty-five slaves, including Denmark Vesey, are hanged in South Carolina after being accused of organizing a slave rebellion. 1823 – Bahia Independence Day: The end of Portuguese rule in Brazil, with the final defeat of the Portuguese crown loyalists in the province of Bahia. 1839 – Twenty miles off the coast of Cuba, 53 kidnapped Africans led by Joseph Cinqué mutiny and take over the slave ship Amistad. 1840 – A Ms  7.4 earthquake strikes present-day Turkey and Armenia; combined with the effects of an eruption on Mount Ararat, kills 10,000 people. 1853 – The Russian Army crosses the Prut river into the Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia), providing the spark that will set off the Crimean War. 1864 – Dimitri Atanasescu founds the first Romanian school in the Balkans for the Aromanians in Trnovo, in the Ottoman Empire (now in North Macedonia). 1871 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy enters Rome after having conquered it from the Papal States. 1881 – Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James A. Garfield (who will die of complications from his wounds on September 19). 1890 – The U.S. Congress passes the Sherman Antitrust Act. 1897 – British-Italian engineer Guglielmo Marconi obtains a patent for radio in London. 1900 – An airship designed and constructed by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin of Germany made its first flight on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen. 1900 – Jean Sibelius' Finlandia receives its première performance in Helsinki with the Helsinki Philharmonic Society conducted by Robert Kajanus. 1921 – World War I: U.S. President Warren G. Harding signs the Knox–Porter Resolution formally ending the war between the United States and Germany. 1934 – The Night of the Long Knives ends with the death of Ernst Röhm. 1937 – Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan are last heard from over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first equatorial round-the-world flight. 1940 – Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose is arrested and detained in Calcutta. 1940 – The SS Arandora Star is sunk by U-47 in the North Atlantic with the loss of over 800 lives, mostly civilians. 1962 – The first Walmart store, then known as Wal-Mart, opens for business in Rogers, Arkansas. 1964 – Civil rights movement: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 meant to prohibit segregation in public places. 1966 – France conducts its first nuclear weapon test in the Pacific, on Moruroa Atoll. 1976 – End of South Vietnam; Communist North Vietnam annexes the former South Vietnam to form the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 1986 – Rodrigo Rojas and Carmen Gloria Quintana are burnt alive during a street demonstration against the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile. 1986 – Aeroflot Flight 2306 crashes while attempting an emergency landing at Syktyvkar Airport in Syktyvkar, in present-day Komi Republic, Russia, killing 54 people. 1988 – Marcel Lefebvre and the four bishops he consecrated were excommunicated by the Holy See. 1990 – In the 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy, 1,400 Muslim pilgrims are suffocated to death and trampled upon in a pedestrian tunnel leading to the holy city of Mecca. 1994 – USAir Flight 1016 crashes near Charlotte Douglas International Airport, killing 37 of the 57 people on board. 1997 – The Bank of Thailand floats the baht, triggering the Asian financial crisis. 2000 – Vicente Fox Quesada is elected the first President of México from an opposition party, the Partido Acción Nacional, after more than 70 years of continuous rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional. 2001 – The AbioCor self-contained artificial heart is first implanted. 2002 – Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon. 2005 – The Live 8 benefit concerts takes place in the G8 states and in South Africa. More than 1,000 musicians perform and are broadcast on 182 television networks and 2,000 radio networks. 2008 – Colombian conflict: Íngrid Betancourt, a member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, is released from captivity after being held for six and a half years by FARC. 2010 – The South Kivu tank truck explosion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo kills at least 230 people. 2013 – The International Astronomical Union names Pluto's fourth and fifth moons, Kerberos and Styx. 2013 – A magnitude 6.1 earthquake strikes Aceh, Indonesia, killing at least 42 people and injuring 420 others.

[ticktockaura]

Adriana Lima: The Timeless Icon of Beauty and Strength Few names in the world of fashion carry as much weight as Adriana Lima. From her unforgettable presence on the runway to her inspiring personal journey, Adriana has become a true icon in the modeling industry. With over two decades of experience, she’s not only graced the covers of top magazines but also earned her place as one of the world’s most sought-after supermodels.

https://www.ebay.com/usr/ticktockaura

Early Life and Rise to Stardom Born on June 12, 1981, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, Adriana Lima was discovered at the age of 15 after winning a local modeling competition. Despite her humble beginnings, Adriana quickly rose to fame, moving to New York and signing with Elite Model Management. Her exotic beauty, with striking blue eyes and dark features, caught the attention of designers, brands, and photographers alike. Her breakthrough moment came when she walked the runway for Victoria’s Secret in 1999. From there, she became a household name, best known for being a Victoria's Secret Angel for nearly two decades. Her long tenure with the brand made her a recognizable face worldwide, and she became one of the most iconic Angels in history.

Victoria’s Secret Angel Adriana’s time as a Victoria's Secret Angel was legendary. She wore the coveted Fantasy Bra three times (2008, 2010, and 2014), making her one of the most beloved models in the brand's history. Her fierce confidence, commanding presence, and athletic physique set her apart from other models, and she quickly became synonymous with the brand's image of bold femininity and glamour. What made Adriana stand out even more was her ability to balance sultry elegance with an approachable warmth. She wasn’t just a runway star; she was relatable, which is why she captivated millions of fans worldwide.

Beyond Modeling: A Symbol of Strength While her modeling career is certainly impressive, Adriana Lima is more than just a pretty face. Over the years, she’s embraced her role as a strong, independent woman who advocates for female empowerment. In interviews, she has spoken about overcoming obstacles, staying grounded in a demanding industry, and the importance of confidence. Known for her commitment to health and fitness, Adriana often shares her intense workout routines, including boxing, which has become her signature exercise. Her dedication to maintaining her strength—both physical and mental—has made her an inspiration for those who look to her not just as a model, but as a symbol of perseverance. https://www.ebay.com/usr/ticktockaura

A Global Ambassador In addition to her work on the runway, Adriana has expanded her career by becoming a global brand ambassador for numerous luxury brands. From cosmetics giant Maybelline to high-end fashion houses like Givenchy and Marc Jacobs, Adriana’s portfolio is as diverse as it is impressive. Her ability to seamlessly transition between high fashion, beauty campaigns, and commercial work has made her one of the most versatile and respected figures in the industry. https://www.ebay.com/usr/ticktockaura

Adriana’s Legacy As she continues to dominate the fashion world, Adriana Lima’s influence extends far beyond the runway. She’s a loving mother of two daughters, Valentina and Sienna, whom she prioritizes in her life while balancing her demanding career. Her legacy is not only built on her stunning career accomplishments but also on her authenticity, humility, and commitment to remaining true to herself. https://www.ebay.com/usr/ticktockaura

[lboogie1906]

King Mohammed ben Youssef (August 10, 1909 - February 26, 1961) the third son of Sultan Moulay Youssef, was born in Fez, Morocco. He became King Mohammed V of independent Morocco. When his father died, the French selected him to succeed his father. On November 18, 1927, he was given the title Sultan Mohammed V of Morocco.

In 1934 he encouraged the French to abandon the policy of having two distinct legal systems. The French rescinded this policy that year. Protests against the policy had led to nationalists organizing and demanding independence from France. He maintained discreet contacts with the nationalists; secretly collaborating with them on some issues. The nationalists worked to make the Sultan a national symbol and organized an annual Throne Day to commemorate his assumption of power.

By 1947 he was openly siding with the nationalist cause. The French reacted by verbally attacking him and limiting his power. These actions simply increased his popularity. In 1951 the French surrounded his palace with troops to “protect” him and he was made to denounce the nationalist movement.

He continued to infuriate the French and in 1953, he was exiled to Corsica and Madagascar. His popularity soared among the Moroccan people and nationalist violence spread throughout the country. He returned to rapturous crowds welcoming him home. The French changed tactics and began negotiating with him and the nationalist parties for Moroccan independence. On March 2, 1956, a treaty was signed recognizing Moroccan independence. He was Chief of State and his son, Moulay Hassan, was Commander of the Army.

He preferred to be an arbiter between various political and ethnic factions. Revered for his efforts to unify Morocco’s various interest groups, he took the title, “King”. His son, Hassan was made deputy prime minister in addition to being head of the army. He withdrew from politics.

His first wife was Lalla Hanila bent Mamoun, mother of Princess Lalla Fatima Zohra. Lalla Abla bint Tahar was his second wife. She had five children. His last wife was Lalla Bahia bint Anwar, mother of Princess Lalla Amina. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[shayanapraia]

Week 2 Recap

My new swim group. They swim on Sunday mornings in the ocean and do 4-7KM each time. Accompanied by a boat and two SUPs I get to see so many cool fish and meet people. I am in the blue cap in both pics

My new friend Lucas who is from the Amazon. He got this beautiful tattoo of Salvador's ~iconic~ light house and I took that cool photo

Katusch's great craftsmanship (the jumpsuit) in action in Pelourinho

2 of July is Bahian independence day! After Brazil became independent from Portugal, Portuguese troops remained in bahia (the state I am in) until July 2, so this day is celebrated separately here. Street party, food, and music, this time with a lot more emphasis on samba. We celebrated in pelourinho, the historic city center

That is me and my brother dancing to a samba band on the street. We look so lame in the video but in real life our samba step was kickass and the street parties were really cool. I promise. Like you turn a corner and boom, samba band on the street.

A classic breakfast in my host family home. A fruit (papaya here), egg, couscous, and my favorite thing in the world: mungunzá, which is kinda like a soup/porridge of coconut, sweet corn, and milk. SO GOOD. Also for most people coffee but I have tea

Last night I went to the bars/clubs in the old city with my brother's friends. (The second Pic is me fleeing mid-photo bc they were playing my song), I had two observations

1. I love how Brazilian adults just go out and dance and have fun and actually dance. Like the scene is very different from the American 40+ night life scene as far as I can tell.

2. Very beautiful to me how the old historic city is like turned into all these cool bars and clubs. It's a very slay juxtaposition and aesthetic

Thorn of the Week

Yesterday I started to feel kind of purposeless and down. Because I have such little responsibility or obligation here. Like it's nice to be stress free and relaxed, but I miss having obligations and things to work for. Balance I guess. I am working on loosely structuring my time so it's relaxing but also substantial

[brookston]

Holidays 7.2

Holidays

Asian Openbill Day

Battle of Marston Moor Anniversary Day

Be Nice To People You Don't Like Day

Cecil the Lion Day

Civil Rights Act Anniversary Day

Day of Commemoration and Remembrance of Don Andres Guacurari (Argentina)

Diplomatic Service Day (Kazakhstan)

Disappearance of Amelia Earhart Day

Fisherman’s Day (Marshall Islands)

Flag Day (Curaçao)

Freedom From Fear of Public Speaking Day

Half and Half Day [7.1 in Leap Years]

I Forgot Day

Indian Coming Out Day

International Earp Day

International Robot Day

Lavender Day (French Republic)

Made in the USA Day

Midpoint Day

National Disco Day (New Zealand)

National Literacy Day

National Margot Robbie Day

National Report Military Fraud Day

National Thank You Day

National Wildland Firefighter Day

Palio di Provenzano (Siena, Italy, Italy horse race) [also 8.16]

Police Day (Azerbaijan)

Rebildfesten (Denmark)

Remember To Feed the Hummingbirds Day

Sherman Anti-Trust Day

Special Recreation for the Disabled Day

Steam Engine Day

Sylvia Rivera Day

Try to Find Your Slinky Day

Unity Day (Zambia)

Violin Lovers’ Day

Walmart Day

World Disorders of the Corpus Callosum Day

World Porcupine Day

World Sports Journalists Day

World UFO Day [also 6.24]

Zeppelin Day [also 3.14]

Food & Drink Celebrations

National Anisette Day

Õllesummer begins (Beer Summer; Estonia)

Raspberry Cheesecake Day

Independence & Related Days

Bahia (Brazilian state; from Portugal; 1823)

Gumland (Declared; 2019) [unrecognized]

Pasig Foundation Day (Philippines)

1st Tuesday in June

Carnival Tuesday (Saint Vincent and Grenadines) [1st Tuesday]

Family Day (Lesotho) [1st Tuesday]

Taco Tuesday [Every Tuesday]

Festivals Beginning July 2, 2024

Cognac Blues Passions (Cognac, France) [thru 7.7]

Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod (Llangollen, United Kingdom) [thru 7.7]

Nowhere (Zaragoza, Spain) [thru 7.7]

Palio di Siena (Siena, Spain) [thru 7.2]

Southeast Old Threshers’ Reunion (Denton, North Carolina) [thru 7.6]

Williamstown Theatre Festival (Williamstown, Massachusetts) [thru 8.10]

Feast Days

Aberoh and Atom (Coptic Church)

Adonia (Ancient Rome)

André Kertész (Artology)

Asala (a.k.a. Asalha Puja or Dharma Day; Buddhism)

Athos Bulcão (Artology)

Bernardino Realino (Christian; Saint)

Day of Bes (Pagan)

Distressed Elves’ Creditors’ Day (Shamanism)

Feast of Expectant Mothers (Ancient Rome)

Feast of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Anglicanism; Levoča at Mariánska hora)

Hermann Hesse (Writerism)

St. Leo the Great (Positivist; Saint)

Mid Year’s Day (Discordian)

Monegundis (a.k.a. Monegondes; Christian; Saint)

Otto (a.k.a. Otho) of Bamberg (Christian; Saint)

Oudoceus (Christian; Saint)

Pesto Sauce Day (Pastafarian)

Phil Spector Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Pippa Pepper (Muppetism)

Pishoy (Coptic Church)

Processus and Martinian (Christian; Martyrs)

Raidho Rune Lore (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Rinaldo Cuneo (Artology)

The Secret of HIMH (Animated Film; 1982)

Stephen III of Moldavia (Christian; Saint)

Swithin (Christian; Saint)

Theodoor Rombouts (Artology)

Thomas Hardy (Writerism)

Visitation of the Blessed Virgin (Christian)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres

Airplane! (Film; 1980)

Bang a Gong (Get It On), by T. Rex (Song; 1971)

Before Sunset (Film; 2004)

Boyz n the Hood (Film; 1991)

Bride and Gloom (Fleischer/Famous Popeye Cartoon; 1954)

The Chamber of Secrets, by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 1998) [Harry Potter #2]

Coraline, by Neil Gaiman (Novella; 2002)

Crossed Skis, by Carol Carnac (Novel; 1952)

Don’t Be Cruel recorded, by Elvis Presley (Song; 1956)

Earth to Echo (Film; 2014)

Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (Animated Film; 2001)

Finlandia, by Jean Sibelius (Symphonic Tone Poem; 1900)

The Firm (Film; 1993)

The Great Mouse Detective (Animated Disney Film; 1986)

Hancock (Film; 2008)

Her Majesty, recorded by The Beatles (Song; 1969)

Hound Dog, recorded by Elvis Presley (Song; 1956)

Ice Ice Baby, by Vanilla Ice (Song; 1990)

Imperial Bedroom, by Elvis Costello (Album; 1982)

King Creole (Film; 1958) [Elvis Presley #4]

Men in Black (Film; 1997)

Much Ado About Nothing (Film; 1993)

My Side of the Mountain, by Jean Craighead George (Novel; 1959)

Night and Day (Film; 1946)

Playback, by Raymond Chandler (Novel; 1958)

Room and Wrath (Chilly Willy Cartoon; 1956)

The Secret of NIMH (Animated Film; 1982)

Sergeant York (Film; 1941)

Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas (Film; 2003)

Spider-Man: Far From Home (Film; 2019)

Taggart (UK TV Series; 1985)

Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (Film; 2003)

Tomorrowland (Disneyland section opens; 1967)

Tragic Magic (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1962)

Under the cherry Moon (Film; 1986)

U.S. Declaration of Independence passed by Congress (Political Document; 1776)

Warrior Nun (TV Series; 2020)

Today’s Name Days

Wiltrud (Austria)

Mladen, Ostoja, Oton, Višnja (Croatia)

Patricie (Czech Republic)

Maria (Denmark)

Milve, Milvi (Estonia)

Kukka-Maaria, Maaria, Maija, Maiju, Maikki, Mari, Maria, Marika, Meeri, Riia (Finland)

Martinien (France)

Jakob, Mariä, Wiltrud (Germany)

Anargyros, Argyris, Damianos, Kosmas (Greece)

Ottó (Hungary)

Bernardino, Maria, Ottone (Italy)

Dauma, Ilvars, Lauma, Vineta (Latvia)

Gantautė, Jotvingas, Marijonas (Lithuania)

Kjartan, Kjellfrid (Norway)

Juda, Maria, Martynian, Otto, Piotr, Urban (Poland)

Stefan (România)

Berta (Slovakia)

Bernardino, Marcia, Urbano, Vidal (Spain)

Rosa, Rosita (Sweden)

Othello, Otis, Otto, Penelope, Penny, Petunia (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 184 of 2024; 182 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 2 of week 27 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Duir (Oak) [Day 24 of 28]

Chinese: Month 5 (Geng-Wu), Day 27 (Ding-Mao)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 26 Sivan 5784

Islamic: 25 Dhu al-Hijjah 1445

J Cal: 4 Red; Foursday [4 of 30]

Julian: 19 June 2024

Moon: 13%: Waning Crescent

Positivist: 15 Charlemagne (7th Month) [St. Leo the Great]

Runic Half Month: Feoh (Wealth) [Day 9 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 13 of 94)

Week: 1st Week of July

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 12 of 31)

[dankusner]

Archaeologists Dug Up a Vanished Texas Town and Found 10,000 Artifacts

It’s part of a $51 million project to rebuild Washington-on-the-Brazos, “the birthplace of Texas,” where the declaration that created the Republic of Texas was signed.

Archaeologists Dug Up a Vanished Texas Town and Found 10,000

Artifacts recovered from Washington-on-the-Brazos. Texas Monthly; Courtesy of Texas Historical Commission

In 1843, Sam Houston toiled away at a desk in a sixteen-by-sixteen-foot log cabin not far from the muddy banks of the Brazos River.

From that makeshift office in Washington-on-the-Brazos, about halfway between Austin and Houston, the then-president of the new Republic of Texas penned letters inviting the chiefs of several Native American tribes to join him for a council meeting.

Many of the chiefs came, among them leaders from the Caddo, Delaware, and Shawnee tribes.

They spent nearly two weeks in the rough-around-the-edges little town, meeting with officials, demonstrating skills, dancing and playing music, and signing a treaty.

Today, there’s not much to indicate the significance of the spot where Houston’s cabin once stood, at one end of the long-vanished town of Washington-on-the-Brazos.

This place is nicknamed the birthplace of Texas, since the declaration that created the Republic of Texas was signed on March 2, 1836 (in Independence Hall, just a few hundred yards from Houston’s cabin).

But only a few wooden stakes are punched into the dirt to mark the place where Houston’s cabin once stood.

That’s about to change.

Archaeologists recently completed excavations along the town’s main road as part of a $51 million, five- or six-year project to improve the Washington-on-the-Brazos State Historic Site, operated by the Texas Historical Commission.

The state set aside some of the land for a small park in 1915.

More land was later added, and in 1970, the 22,000-square-foot Star of the Republic Museum opened.

But the museum, along with a riverside picnic area and a re-creation of Independence Hall, never fully conveyed a sense of what this frontier town was really like.

Now architects are preparing to rebuild some of the ramshackle old community where so much Texas history took place.

When the project wraps up, by late 2025, visitors will be able to visit seven full or partial re-creations of structures that once lined La Bahia Road, a major thoroughfare that carried goods and travelers hundreds of miles across the state, from Goliad to Nacogdoches.

Besides Houston’s office, they’ll be able to stroll past a drugstore where townsfolk bought basic supplies, poke their heads inside a carpentry shop, look down on the foundation of a typical home, and step inside a pool hall and tavern that doubled as a meeting place for government officials.

The project also includes renovations at the park’s visitors center and new exhibit space at the Star of the Republic Museum, which houses maps, documents, and what’s believed to be the only existing flag from the Lone Star State’s nearly ten-year period as an independent republic.

The revamped site may also include a dry-docked re-creation of a ferry that transported travelers across the Brazos River, just down the hill.

“We’d like to get people in the mindset that they’re on a street grid,” says Jonathan Failor, manager of the Washington-on-the-Brazos State Historic Site.

Washington was platted in 1835.

By 1836, about a hundred people lived there, sipping drinks in its multiple taverns, fitting their horses with shoes at a blacksmith shop staffed by slaves, and purchasing clothing at the tailor shop.

From 1842 to 1845, during Sam Houston’s second term as president, the town also served as capital of the republic.

“It’s known as the place where Texas became Texas,” Failor says. “Texas was its own country, and the town of Washington has a role in that. That story never really got told, and people want to engage in history in a tangible way.”

Archaeologists Dug Up a Vanished Texas Town and Found 10,000 Artifacts

The remains of an old brick fireplace uncovered at Washington-on-the-Brazos.Courtesy of Texas Historical Commission

The population had hit roughly one thousand by 1852, making Washington one of the largest cities in Texas.

But after residents rejected a proposal to bring the railroad there in 1858, the town shriveled on the vine.

A few photos from the late nineteenth century show the town’s slow decline; in 1912 a fire burned the remaining structures.

By the 1920s, German immigrants had moved to the area and begun building homes.

But those structures, too, eventually fell into disrepair.

Today, clear glass signs etched with the outlines of some of the homes and businesses along the main street give visitors an idea of what the street once looked like.

But Failor hopes the reconstructed town buildings will help tell that story in an even more visual way.

Visitors will be able to explore the townsite on their own, and although nothing has been finalized, occasional living history programs and special events are likely.

The state legislature has allocated $41 million for the project, and the Washington on the Brazos Historical Foundation has raised about $5.6 million of the remaining $10 million needed to do the job.

Despite the fame of the site, crews trying to re-create the town had surprisingly little to go on.

The only known plat map of Washington-on-the-Brazos vanished during the Great Storm of 1900.

Researchers used tax records and other documents to determine roughly where buildings were situated, then surveyed to look for anomalies below the ground.

“Some fun things popped up, including the brick foundation of a house built in the 1830s,” Failor says.

Excavations began last September.

Over the following six months, crews pushed buckets of dirt through sieves, looking for traces of the old town.

They dug trenches, searching for evidence underneath the 20-by-150-foot plot where archival records indicated Houston’s presidential office once stood.

On the third try, they found a hole where a support post had been.

From there, they determined the footprint of the 16-by-16-foot building and uncovered nails, window glass, buttons, and bits of ceramics, all buried under more than a foot of dirt.

“When you think about the stuff that occurred in this building . . .” Failor says, his voice trailing off.

The reconstructed office will be positioned just in front of the actual site, to preserve it.

Down the road, a tavern and pool hall called Hatfield’s Exchange also played an important role in the town’s history.

Ministers once used its pool tables as sermon pulpits, and it served as the House chamber for the republic.

It was where, in 1845, Congress made the decision to let residents vote on whether the republic should join the United States.

They voted yes, and the republic’s flag was lowered for the last time on February 19, 1846, two months after Texas officially became a state.

“Some great debates happened here,” Failor says.

Hatfield’s burned in 1854, and signs of its existence disappeared beneath farmers’ plows.

Across the street, archaeologists uncovered the brick floor of a house built in the 1830s that was later covered by another building.

Crews will re-create the outside of the structure, then build a catwalk inside so visitors can walk along it and look down on the original floor.

Farther down the street, teams will rebuild Hall & Lott’s Tavern, where Davy Crockett stayed on his way to the Alamo.

Among the 10,000 or so artifacts archaeologists have uncovered are nails and other building materials, the remains of an old brick fireplace, the key to a gold pocket watch, buttons from a soldier’s uniform, gun flints, animal bones, pipes, glassware, ceramics, and coins, including a Spanish silver dollar from 1820 and an 1831 U.S. dime—essentially, “everything you might find on a city street somewhere,” Failor says.

A lab in McKinney is processing artifacts, and architects from the Texas Historical Commission, in collaboration with historian and subject matter expert Michael Moore, are busy designing the buildings.

Because they have no photos to reference, they’ll base their plans on what was typical of the time and place.

Construction should begin sometime this summer, and the finished project—a row of modest structures along a dirt road that cuts through a field thick with grass and brush—should provide an authentic perspective on the Lone Star State’s past.

“What this reconstruction will do is remind us of Texas’s agrarian roots, which I think is pretty cool,” says Carlos Kevin Blanton, a longtime history professor at Texas A&M University.

“It serves as a reminder that the Texas we know today—whether you think of it as a nation or a state or maybe even a state of mind—has very, very humble beginnings.”

[victoriasbrazilianlitblog]

Week 20 Reading Blog

This week, I read pages 74 to 105 of Jorge Amado's Captains of the Sands. The most important quote of the week was on page 74, "Good-Life thought it would be foolish to leave Bahia where he grew up..."

We made it! This week was the final week for independent reading. It was something I've been looking forward to for the longest time. I read some good books and definitely learned plenty about Brazil's literature arsenal. I barely touched the surface but with a newfound interest in reading, I think I can reach it now that reading deadlines aren't looming over my head.

This week, the captains got in trouble with the police and some got caught. Pedro Bala, he ringleader scurried back to their headquarters in the abandoned warehouse on the docks and started plotting with Professor and God's-Love. Along the way, they meet Dora, a girl who wouldn't leave their side. It was as if she was gorilla glued to them and wouldn't de-attach if she wasn't given entry into the gang. Dora was also an orphan who has a grudge for the reformatory, being deposited there and escaping. She helps Pedro and what is left over from his gang rescue Legless, Lollipop and Cat.

This week was a really fun week for reading Captains of the Sands. I had more time to catch up on my reading and schoolwork because of the delayed entry days. I missed posting on Tuesday because I didn't wake up on time to post it but I followed through with the rest of the week and am now writing this blog. This should be my last blog for the remainder of my senior year. Tchau! (It means "Bye" in Portuguese)

Word Count: 288

[dry-valleys]

“No monarchies have fallen, no monarchies have even come close to falling, and that’s not by mistake”. Shadi Hamid.

The fourth part of my Morocco series; please see here, here, here, here, and here for the rest. (This is a post about modern Morocco; Moroccan history stretches back thousands of years and I hope you’ll read my other posts for more).

Bahia Palace was built in 1859 by Si Musa, a descendant of African slaves who rose to become vizier to, and power behind the throne of, Mohammed IV of the Alaouite dynasty, which has ruled Morocco since 1666. The architect was Muhammad ibn Makki al-Misfiwi.

In the 19th century, Morocco was beset by foreign powers, especially Spain and France, which had haunted Africa since Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt in 1798. France was piling on the pressure after conquering Morocco’s neighbour, Algeria, in 1830.

There was no sign of fear at this gorgeous place though: the attention to detail is extraordinary and while it’s annoying that tourists are in most of the pictures, this place has always been open; (9) and (10) are where petitions were received.

If you look carefully there is a difference; while (9) is beautifully inscribed with Koranic verses and is for the Muslim majority, (10), equally lush, does not have this; here is where Jews, who have lived in Morocco for hundreds of years, would be received. (The wealthy philanthropist Moses Montefiore came to Morocco in 1863, as he came to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa, where he found a large Jewish community and worked to better their lot; Morocco’s Jews were and are under the protection of the rulers of Morocco, whom they have always served, and Morocco still has a Jewish community today, though far fewer than before the state of Israel was founded in 1948; most Jews moved to the new state or to Europe, though thousands still live here).

Soon after this Mohammed IV died in 1873 and was succeeded by his son Hassan I, who successfully fended off European pressure until he died in 1894.

Between 1894 and 1900 this was home to Ba Ahmed, Si Musa’s son, who was the real ruler of Morocco as he governed in the name of Abdelaziz, son and heir of Hassan I.

(Around 2-3% of Moroccans are migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, and there is also an admixture of African blood from the descendants of former slaves, who were often raped or sold into forced marriage by their owners, and from higher-status African soldiers and politicians such as Ba Ahmed ibn Musa, whose descendants still have a high profile in Morocco’s elite).

Abdelaziz took power in his own right when he came of age, but was forced to abdicate by his brother Abd Al Hafid in 1908. Abd al Hafid lasted only four years before pressure from France and Spain forced him to agree to Morocco being divided between the two European powers in the Treaty of Fez 1912, which was so unpopular that he had to abdicate and flee to France, where he died in 1937.

This part of Morocco became a French protectorate in which the sultanate and old elite had less power than French Resident Louis-Hubert Gonzales-Lyautey, and Abd Al Hafid was succeeded by his brother Yusuf; Yusuf was sultan until 1927 though he did not get to wield real power.

Mohammed V, Yusef’s son, who had been exiled by the French in 1953, came back in triumph in 1956 and became King of an independent state; after Morocco helped win World War 2 by hosting the Casablanca Conference of 1943, and given American sympathy, this was inevitable, and Morocco became what it is now.

Morocco was not free from trouble as, almost as soon as it had become independent, it fought the Sand War against Algeria in 1963; 99 were confirmed dead and hundreds more probably fell in a senseless conflict in which both sides tried to overturn the French colonial borders, and neither succeeded then or since.

As I said, while France withdrew from Morocco in 1956, the other empire, Spain, stayed until 1975 in what is now Western Sahara. When they left there was bitter disagreement over what came next. This is hotly contested as almost all Moroccans, as my tour guide couldn’t help pointed out, believe that Morocco is the rightful ruler of this land, to the south of internationally recognised Morocco.

However, the Polisario movement on that territory claims to be Western Sahara’s rightful rulers and Mohammed V’s son, Hassan II (who had shared Mohammed V’s exile and ruled from his father’s death in 1961) fought a bitter war from 1975 until a ceasefire was reached, without full agreement, in 1991.

(Spain, meanwhile, still occupies the African cities of Ceuta and Melilla, which rather shows up their grandstanding about Gibraltar).

Morocco’s neighbours in the African Union disapproved of Hassan’s actions, and Morocco was suspended for 32 years. On rejoining in 2017, Hassan’s son Mohammed VI (who succeeded his father in 1999, from the same Alaouite dynasty that built this palace) said “Africa is my home and I am coming back home”. Despite the above-named problems, Morocco is one of the most stable and peaceful countries in the Middle East and North Africa; the Arab Spring, which broke out in nearby Tunisia in 2011, has had little impact here, the reforming constitution of 2011 and the forward policies of Mohammed VI fulfilling the aspirations of for most Moroccans, who are leaving behind the old poverty. (The leading quote is from 2013 and as I write in 2024, things are much as they were then).

This has been a tourist attraction (as you can see, rather too many!) since Hassan II’s time; Lyautey and Mohammed V had lived here, but now it is a museum to Morocco’s rulers, who have shaken off their past, and to that tradition of ceramics which can also be seen in the bustling souk, subject of a later post.