#IgE antibodies

[mdmuyourhealthisbetter]

How Do Allergies Affect Your Health and What Can You Do About Them?

Understanding Allergies: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Allergies are one of the most common health issues affecting millions of people worldwide. They occur when the body’s immune system overreacts to a substance that is typically harmless to most individuals, such as pollen, pet dander, or certain foods. These harmless substances are known as allergens, and when exposed to them, the immune system releases a variety of chemicals in response, leading to the symptoms we associate with allergies. From mild irritation to life-threatening reactions, allergies can vary greatly in severity and impact daily life.

In this article, we will explore the different aspects of allergies, including how they develop, common symptoms, various types of allergies, and the treatments available to manage them. Understanding these factors can help individuals better cope with their allergies and improve their quality of life.

What Are Allergies?

Allergies are the body’s exaggerated immune response to a substance that is usually not harmful to most people. These substances, known as allergens, can trigger a wide array of symptoms when the body mistakenly identifies them as threats. While the immune system is designed to protect the body from harmful invaders like bacteria and viruses, in individuals with allergies, the system overreacts to harmless substances, which can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and a variety of physical reactions.

The immune system’s reaction to allergens is typically a process that involves the creation of specific antibodies. The most important of these antibodies in allergic reactions is immunoglobulin E (IgE). These IgE antibodies play a central role in the development of allergy symptoms, and understanding their function is crucial to understanding how allergies work.

How Allergies Develop:

The development of allergies usually follows a sequence of events that begins when an individual first encounters an allergen. When the immune system first detects the presence of an allergen, it responds by producing IgE antibodies. These antibodies attach to certain cells called mast cells, which are found in the skin, airways, digestive system, and other tissues. Mast cells play a critical role in the immune response, and their activation leads to the release of several chemicals, including histamine.

Histamine is the primary chemical responsible for the allergic symptoms people experience, such as sneezing, itching, and swelling. When a person is exposed to the allergen again, the IgE antibodies recognize it and trigger the mast cells to release histamine and other inflammatory substances. This process leads to the characteristic symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Common Allergy Symptoms:

Allergy symptoms can vary widely depending on the individual and the specific allergen involved. Common symptoms include:

Sneezing

Runny or stuffy nose

Itchy or watery eyes

Skin rash or hives

Itchy skin

Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue

Wheezing and shortness of breath (in cases of asthma)

Coughing

Digestive issues, including nausea or vomiting

In some cases, allergic reactions can be more severe and lead to a condition known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention and often involves symptoms such as:

Difficulty breathing

Swelling of the throat, lips, and face

A sudden drop in blood pressure (which may lead to shock)

Loss of consciousness

Anaphylaxis can occur within minutes of exposure to a potent allergen and may require the use of epinephrine (adrenaline), a medication that can quickly reverse the life-threatening symptoms.

Types of Allergies:

There are many different types of allergies, each of which is triggered by a specific type of allergen. These allergens can be categorized into several broad groups, including environmental allergens, food allergens, insect stings, and medication allergies. Below, we will explore each of these categories in more detail.

1. Environmental Allergies

Environmental allergens are substances that are present in the air or the environment, often causing allergic reactions in the eyes, nose, skin, or respiratory system. Common environmental allergens include:

Pollen: Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds is a leading cause of seasonal allergies, often referred to as hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis. Pollen allergies are common during certain times of the year, typically in the spring, summer, and fall, when plant pollination occurs.

Dust mites: These tiny creatures thrive in indoor environments and are commonly found in bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture. Dust mite allergens can cause year-round allergies.

Pet dander: Proteins found in the skin flakes, urine, and saliva of pets can trigger allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to animals, particularly cats and dogs.

Mold: Mold spores, which are often present in damp environments, can cause allergic reactions, particularly in individuals with asthma or respiratory sensitivities.

2. Food Allergies

Food allergies occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies certain proteins in food as harmful. Food allergies can cause symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe anaphylaxis. Common food allergens include:

Peanuts: One of the most common and dangerous food allergens, peanut allergies can lead to severe reactions, including anaphylaxis.

Tree nuts: Almonds, walnuts, cashews, and other tree nuts are also common food allergens.

Shellfish and fish: Fish and shellfish allergies are more common in adults than in children and can result in severe reactions.

Milk, eggs, and wheat: These are common allergens in children, though many children outgrow these allergies as they age.

Soy: Soy allergies are particularly common in children and can result in gastrointestinal symptoms or skin reactions.

3. Insect Sting Allergies

Insect stings, such as those from bees, wasps, and hornets, can trigger allergic reactions in some individuals. These reactions can range from mild swelling at the site of the sting to severe anaphylaxis. People who have had a severe reaction to an insect sting in the past are at a higher risk of experiencing another, potentially more severe reaction in the future.

4. Medication Allergies

Certain medications can cause allergic reactions, and these reactions can vary widely in severity. Some common medications that can trigger allergic reactions include:

Penicillin and other antibiotics

Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Certain pain relievers

Vaccines (rarely)

5. Latex Allergies

Some individuals develop allergies to latex, which is found in rubber products like gloves, balloons, and medical equipment. Latex allergies can lead to skin irritation, respiratory symptoms, or even anaphylaxis in severe cases.

Managing Allergies:

While allergies are common, they can often be managed effectively through a combination of avoidance strategies and medical treatments. The key to managing allergies is identifying the specific allergens that trigger reactions and minimizing exposure to them. Below are some general strategies for managing allergies:

1. Avoidance of Triggers

The best way to manage allergies is to avoid exposure to allergens whenever possible. For example:

Pollen: During high pollen seasons, staying indoors, keeping windows closed, and using air purifiers can help reduce exposure. Wearing sunglasses outdoors can also help protect the eyes from pollen.

Dust mites: Using dust-proof covers on pillows and mattresses and cleaning bedding regularly can help reduce dust mite exposure.

Pet dander: Regularly bathing pets and using HEPA filters in the home can help reduce pet allergens.

Food allergens: For individuals with food allergies, it is crucial to avoid consuming foods that trigger allergic reactions and to read food labels carefully.

2. Medications for Allergy Relief

Several types of medications are commonly used to treat allergy symptoms:

Antihistamines: These medications block the effects of histamine, the chemical that causes allergic symptoms. Antihistamines are commonly used to treat sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.

Decongestants: These medications help reduce nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages.

Nasal steroids: These anti-inflammatory medications help reduce swelling and inflammation in the nasal passages, improving symptoms of rhinitis.

Bronchodilators: For individuals with asthma, bronchodilators help open up the airways, making it easier to breathe.

Topical treatments: Creams and ointments can help alleviate skin rashes, hives, and itching caused by allergies.

3. Immunotherapy

In some cases, when avoidance and medications are not enough to control allergy symptoms, immunotherapy (also known as allergy shots) may be an option. Immunotherapy involves administering small doses of the allergen over time, gradually desensitizing the immune system to the substance. This treatment can provide long-term relief and is particularly useful for individuals with allergic rhinitis or insect sting allergies.

4. Emergency Treatment for Anaphylaxis

For individuals at risk of severe allergic reactions, it is important to have an epinephrine auto-injector (commonly known as an EpiPen) on hand. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and can quickly reverse the symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. Individuals with known severe allergies should work closely with their doctor to develop an emergency action plan.

Conclusion:

Allergies are a common and often debilitating health issue, affecting millions of people worldwide. They can range from mild irritations to severe, life-threatening reactions. By understanding the causes and symptoms of allergies, individuals can take steps to avoid triggers and seek appropriate treatment. With the right approach—ranging from avoidance strategies to medication and immunotherapy—most allergies can be effectively managed, allowing individuals to lead a more comfortable and healthy life. If you suspect you have allergies, it is important to see a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention can make a significant difference in managing symptoms and preventing serious complications.

[matthewmoorwood]

Totally not based upon my real life or anything. That would be crazy. Ahah. ha. ha...

[dragpinkman]

me when i get blood tests done to figure out what is wrong and something actually comes back positive confirming that i am not gaslighting myself and i am legitimately sick: 🧍‍♂️

[covid-safer-hotties]

Newly discovered antibody protects against all COVID-19 variants - Published Sept 3, 2024

Researchers have discovered an antibody able to neutralize all known variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as well as distantly related SARS-like coronaviruses that infect other animals.

As part of a new study on hybrid immunity to the virus, the large, multi-institution research team led by The University of Texas at Austin discovered and isolated a broadly neutralizing plasma antibody, called SC27, from a single patient. Using technology developed over several years of research into antibody response, the team led by UT engineers and scientists obtained the exact molecular sequence of the antibody, opening the possibility of manufacturing it on a larger scale for future treatments.

"The discovery of SC27, and other antibodies like it in the future, will help us better protect the population against current and future COVID variants," said Jason Lavinder, a research assistant professor in the Cockrell School of Engineering's McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and one of the leaders of the new research, which was recently published in Cell Reports Medicine.

During the more than four years since the discovery of COVID-19, the virus that causes it has rapidly evolved. Each new variant has displayed different characteristics, many of which made them more resistant to vaccines and other treatments.

Protective antibodies bind to a part of the virus called the spike protein that acts as an anchor point for the virus to attach to and infect the cells in the body. By blocking the spike protein, the antibodies prevent this interaction and, therefore, also prevent infection.

SC27 recognized the different characteristics of the spike proteins in the many COVID variants. Fellow UT researchers, who were the first to decode the structure of the original spike protein and paved the way for vaccines and other treatments, verified SC27's capabilities.

The technology used to isolate the antibody, termed Ig-Seq, gives researchers a closer look at the antibody response to infection and vaccination using a combination of single-cell DNA sequencing and proteomics.

"One goal of this research, and vaccinology in general, is to work toward a universal vaccine that can generate antibodies and create an immune response with broad protection to a rapidly mutating virus," said Will Voss, a recent Ph.D. graduate in cell and molecular biology in UT's College of Natural Sciences, who co-led the study.

In addition to the discovery of this antibody, the research found that hybrid immunity—a combination of both infection and vaccination—offers increased antibody-based protection against future exposure compared with infection or vaccination alone.

The work comes amid another summer COVID spike. This trend shows that while the worst of the pandemic may have passed, there's still a need for innovative solutions to help people avoid and treat the virus.

The researchers have filed a patent application for SC27.

More information: William N. Voss et al, Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 arises from serological recall of IgG antibodies distinctly imprinted by infection or vaccination, Cell Reports Medicine (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101668 www.cell.com/cell-reports-medicine/fulltext/S2666-3791(24)00382-3?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2666379124003823%3Fshowall%3Dtrue

[aayakashii]

So I was thinking abt Yuri’s theory abt pacts and most humans being allergic to demonic particles causing them to die. If his speculation is correct then doesn’t that mean people planning on making pacts could try using immunotherapy?

Sooo just imagine. A few months pass and there’s still no hint of her curse being cured. MC doesn’t want to jump the gun but she wants to have a back up plan of her own instead of just trusting the institute to cure her curse, so she starts considering making a pact. She doesn’t wanna risk just happening to be one of the few that aren’t allergic to demonic particles (it’s not like her lucks all that great after all) so she seeks a ghoul who has a blood type that is compatible with hers (or she just has AB+ blood so she can accept any blood) and is just trying to not seem suspicious as she awkwardly asks if they’ll let her take their blood samples for months until the last week (or earlier depending on wether she even knows how to find a demon to make a pact with) before her year limit is up so she can build resistance. Whether she tells them her true or intentions or not tho may depend on the person.

Like I can just imagine that she’s type O (O- if you wanna give her less options) so she’s forced to ask Tohma, Ren, or Taiga who also have type O blood.

Or having to ask Leo or Romeo for whatever reason and you can only convince them by:

A) Giving them a reason they’d believe and care enough about

B) Telling the truth

C) Doing their bidding

Or

D) A combination of C and another one

It also makes me wonder how Yuri would respond. I’m guessing he would know why without having to question you for long since he is the one that told you about his hypothesis. Now whether he would initially refuses cuz he knows he can find a cure or he agrees right away to prove his conjecture is the question.

Sorry for rambling I know this is long 😭

I think it’s a pretty cool idea though, thx for reading it!

PLEASE I LOVE LONG ASKS LIKE THESE, KEEP SHARING IDEAS WITH ME!!!!!

That's actually such a good theory, too! I honestly think MC could be honest with almost all the ghouls, except Kaito and Luca. They would most definitely be 100% against the idea of her making a pact. Maybe Alan and Haru too, since they have a protective streak on them that would probably make them very against the idea. So maybe she would have to hide her intentions from these guys. But the rest could pretty much be aware of her goal. Some would be more resistant, but then they could just shrug and think "ah whatever it's worth a shot ig 🤷"

It would still force her into a bind, though 💀 it's not like Leo or Romeo would just accept it without getting something from it. But I don't think they would be against her using their blood like that. They would call her crazy for sure, but they would hardly stop her. It's not like they care about the poor girl all that much 😭

I think Yuri would be very conflicted. In one hand, he is adamant that he can cure the curse. But in the other, this would be the perfect way to prove his theory. He doesn't seem like a person who creates a plan B for any of his scientific endeavors, but maybe because it plays into something very important to him, he could accept it.

Although I wonder if he ever tried using his own blood to search for the specific antibodies in order to check whether or not his theory is valid.

Oh, but he would definitely need demon antigens to see which antibodies latch on them, and getting that must be very hard (I don't think Darkwick has a demon sample at all). yeah nevermind, immunotherapy for a probable allergy is the only option 💀

I wonder what types of adverse effects she would have to face though! Like, since she'd be building immunity, her body would be working overtime to fend off those antigens. How would that appear in her body? Would she get high fevers, vomiting, weakness, and other cold-like symptoms, like when we take a flu vaccine?

The thing is, she would need to start the therapy right away, so she can have at least those last 10 months of intense treatment. The mermaid guy did it for only a few weeks I think and it went horribly wrong 💀

But all in all, that's such a good theory! I love how they're pushing a medical pov through Yuri! It kinda gives me war flashbacks because I immediately think of work but that's okay dkjdsjdjd

[caffineandcadavers]

A brief guide to the 5 main immunoglobulin classes

IgG- Located on macrophages, natural killer cells and B cells. Involved in phagocytosis, inflammatory responses and antibody-dependant cellular toxicity.

IgA- Located on myeloid cells. Involved in opsonisation, phagocytosis and inflammatory responses. This immunoglobulin makes up 15% of all the immunoglobulins located throughout the body and is found in mucous membranes.

igD- Located on B cells, not as much information has been gathered on IgD compared to the other immunoglobulins unfortunately.

IgE- Located on mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. This immunoglobulin is responsible for allergic reactions and responds to parasitic infections.

IgM- Located on B cells, T cells and certain myeloid cells. IgM is the largest immunoglobulin and is the first to appear in the initial defence response to an antigen entering the body

(this is a very brief and basic guide intended for people with enthusiasm in immunology)

Photo credit (Britannica (2020). Immune system - Classes of immunoglobulins | Britannica. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/science/immune-system/Classes-of-immunoglobulins.) ‌

[roundaboutnow]

found the study from Purina and it seems promising so far but im lmao at this one cat. WHAT DID HE DO???

a couple people have been telling me about eggs with fel d 1 antibodies that might be able too reduce cat allergens and even though theres not a lot of research into it, im interested in trying it out. (honestly, even if it doesnt work as well as i want it to, anything to reduce their allergens would be a godsend)

the problem is that the only cat food that uses it is hella expensive, and it's not even guaranteed to work (everytime someone tells me about it, i think, yeah thats a great idea i'll look into it! and then i see the price tag and my heart stops. i dont have that kind of money even if it did work)

so my next thought is, skip the middle man and just start boiling eggs for the little dudes.

but that leads me to my next problem- how do i know which eggs have this antibody?

it seems like free-range and cage-free are my best bet but i cant find any information about it from any of these brands (and i guess, if they did raise their chickens near cats, why would they advertise it? maybe i should be looking more locally than at these big brands.)

anyway, all of the information i can find about this antibody seems to be coming from Purina, hence my doubts about it. i'll have to do more in depth research but if it was so groundbreaking, wouldn't more researchers and brands be jumping on it?

so... what're yalls thoughts?

[gorseknits]

I made this Tumblr (after having been in an on/off relationship with Tumblr for more than a decade) in hopes of having a more satisfying crafting outlet than ig (which I'm still on under the same name).

It's no coincidence that I've also returned to Tumblr in the worst physical health I've experienced thus far. In April I was diagnosed with cancer, underwent surgery and by now in July we believe I am cancer free.

However, my hip and low back are just... refusing to function. I'm in a constant dull roar of pain, have to walk with a cane, have brain fog and huge fatigue and no one can tell me what's wrong with me. So far the only test that's come back showing anything amiss is that I have auto antibodies leading them to believe that I have some sort of autoimmune condition?

Yesterday my leg gave out completely and I slipped down the stairs and had to wait for my wife to come get me and help me up. It's terrifying to have to change your entire outlook on what your body can do in 3 months. I don't really have a point to this post except to say that I'm scared, but seeing some other chronic illness and disability posts on here have really helped me feel less alone in an incredibly isolating time

[crowsnhoes]

10 Things for 10 People You Want to Get to Know Better

Last song: Destroyer by Inter Arma

Last movie: Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back

Last TV show: Orb: On the Movements of Earth (binging it rn)

Sweet/Savory/Spicy: savory all da way babeeyy

Relationship status: taken, soon to be engaged <3

Current obsession: Mortal Kombat, anatomy, and morbid medical history (unethical studies n such)

Looking forward to: graduation!! I finish my degree in May :)

Obscure talent: uuuhh I can touch my tongue to the tip of my nose? That, and whistling by inhaling ig??

Random thought inside your head: How in the world did anyone figure anything out? Like how antibodies and antigens even exist and how to detect them? I know I read up on the theory, but it doesn't go deep enough. Also why do we still have organs we don't need? Just evolve, dummy.

Thanks for the tag @malicedragoness and @mids-stupid-shit

No pressure tags: @meatgrinderminefield @ash-shark @isacoremeow @weebsneku @bi-force-1

[warningsine]

If you didn’t have food allergies as a child, is it possible to develop them as an adult? The short answer is yes. But the reasons why are much more complicated.

Preschoolers are about four times more likely to have a food allergy than adults and are more likely to grow out of it as they get older.

It’s hard to get accurate figures on adult food allergy prevalence. The Australian National Allergy Council reports one in 50 adults have food allergies. But a US survey suggested as many as one in ten adults were allergic to at least one food, with some developing allergies in adulthood.

What is a food allergy

Food allergies are immune reactions involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) – an antibody that’s central to triggering allergic responses. These are known as “IgE-mediated food allergies”.

Food allergy symptoms that are not mediated by IgE are usually delayed reactions and called food intolerances or hypersensitivity.

Food allergy symptoms can include hives, swelling, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, throat or chest tightening, trouble breathing, chest pain, rapid heart rate, dizziness, low blood pressure or anaphylaxis.

IgE-mediated food allergies can be life threatening, so all adults need an action management plan developed in consultation with their medical team.

Here are four IgE-mediated food allergies that can occur in adults – from relatively common ones to rare allergies you’ve probably never heard of.

1. Single food allergies

The most common IgE-mediated food allergies in adults in a US survey were to:

shellfish (2.9%)

cow’s milk (1.9%)

peanut (1.8%)

tree nuts (1.2%)

fin fish (0.9%) like barramundi, snapper, salmon, cod and perch.

In these adults, about 45% reported reacting to multiple foods.

This compares to most common childhood food allergies: cow’s milk, egg, peanut and soy.

Overall, adult food allergy prevalence appears to be increasing. Compared to older surveys published in 2003 and 2004, peanut allergy prevalence has increased about three-fold (from 0.6%), while tree nuts and fin fish roughly doubled (from 0.5% each), with shellfish similar (2.5%).

While new adult-onset food allergies are increasing, childhood-onset food allergies are also more likely to be retained into adulthood. Possible reasons for both include low vitamin D status, lack of immune system challenges due to being overly “clean”, heightened sensitisation due to allergen avoidance, and more frequent antibiotic use.

2. Tick-meat allergy

Tick-meat allergy, also called α-Gal syndrome or mammalian meat allergy, is an allergic reaction to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, or α-Gal for short.

Australian immunologists first reported links between α-Gal syndrome and tick bites in 2009, with cases also reported in the United States, Japan, Europe and South Africa. The US Centers for Disease Control estimates about 450,000 Americans could be affected.

The α-Gal contains a carbohydrate molecule that is bound to a protein molecule in mammals.

The IgE-mediated allergy is triggered after repeated bites from ticks or chigger mites that have bitten those mammals. When tick saliva crosses into your body through the bite, antibodies to α-Gal are produced.

When you subsequently eat foods that contain α-Gal, the allergy is triggered. These triggering foods include meat (lamb, beef, pork, rabbit, kangaroo), dairy products (yoghurt, cheese, ice-cream, cream), animal-origin gelatin added to gummy foods (jelly, lollies, marshmallow), prescription medications and over-the counter supplements containing gelatin (some antibiotics, vitamins and other supplements).

Tick-meat allergy reactions can be hard to recognise because they’re usually delayed, and they can be severe and include anaphylaxis. Allergy organisations produce management guidelines, so always discuss management with your doctor.

3. Fruit-pollen allergy

Fruit-pollen allergy, called pollen food allergy syndrome, is an IgE-mediated allergic reaction.

In susceptible adults, pollen in the air provokes the production of IgE antibodies to antigens in the pollen, but these antigens are similar to ones found in some fruits, vegetables and herbs. The problem is that eating those plants triggers an allergic reaction.

The most allergenic tree pollens are from birch, cypress, Japanese cedar, latex, grass, and ragweed. Their pollen can cross-react with fruit and vegetables, including kiwi, banana, mango, avocado, grapes, celery, carrot and potato, and some herbs such as caraway, coriander, fennel, pepper and paprika.

Fruit-pollen allergy is not common. Prevalence estimates are between 0.03% and 8% depending on the country, but it can be life-threatening. Reactions range from itching or tingling of lips, mouth, tongue and throat, called oral allergy syndrome, to mild hives, to anaphylaxis.

4. Food-dependent, exercise-induced food allergy

During heavy exercise, the stomach produces less acid than usual and gut permeability increases, meaning that small molecules in your gut are more likely to escape across the membrane into your blood. These include food molecules that trigger an IgE reaction.

If the person already has IgE antibodies to the foods eaten before exercise, then the risk of triggering food allergy reactions is increased. This allergy is called food-dependent exercise-induced allergy, with symptoms ranging from hives and swelling, to difficulty breathing and anaphylaxis.

Common trigger foods include wheat, seafood, meat, poultry, egg, milk, nuts, grapes, celery and other foods, which could have been eaten many hours before exercising.

To complicate things even further, allergic reactions can occur at lower levels of trigger-food exposure, and be more severe if the person is simultaneously taking non-steroidal inflammatory medications like aspirin, drinking alcohol or is sleep-deprived.

Food-dependent exercise-induced allergy is extremely rare. Surveys have estimated prevalence as between one to 17 cases per 1,000 people worldwide with the highest prevalence between the teenage years to age 35. Those affected often have other allergic conditions such as hay fever, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis and dermatitis.

Allergies are a growing burden

The burden on physical health, psychological health and health costs due to food allergy is increasing. In the US, this financial burden was estimated as $24 billion per year.

Adult food allergy needs to be taken seriously and those with severe symptoms should wear a medical information bracelet or chain and carry an adrenaline auto-injector pen. Concerningly, surveys suggest only about one in four adults with food allergy have an adrenaline pen.

If you have an IgE-mediated food allergy, discuss your management plan with your doctor. You can also find more information at Allergy and Anaphylaxis Australia.

[rakkikuroba]

Honestly the only details i hated the most in Death Island are the small vaccine parts.

- First, Reb says that since the two viruses from Vendetta and DI are really similar, a vaccine should be easy to make from the previous virus. That is not how you make a virus and certainly not possible. If we could make a vaccine for every strain of a virus from one of the strain, we would have eradicated HIV. But we haven’t. Because you can’t. A strain of a virus is a new virus.

- Vaccines are NOT cure. They don’t eradicate the virus in your system and you’re up and running in 2 min after. Vaccines helps and boost your immune system by giving it a way to be PREPARED if you’re infected after. Rebecca could have given them antivirals to stop the virus to procreate. So their body could do the rest but she uses the term vaccine.

Same with Sherry in RE2, but Annette doesn’t call it a vaccine so i guess it wasn’t one. Anyway, we don’t have antibiotics for virus you just wait it out and boost your immune system with antiviral or shot of antibodies or vaccines.

The most realistic use of vaccine is Jill, even though you don’t give a vaccine to someone sick because you could overwhelm their system. It took time for her body to treat the infection even when she got vaccinated. It simply helped her fight the infection and not the other way around.

(And since im here, there is no reason for the plagas to choose to stay in the chest (not in the heart but to be outside of it) of its host, it’s a brain control parasite so it makes sense for it to be where it can control. Also the parasite going to the chest cavity from the blood vessels would mean an important internal damage. Parasites only care about food and reproducing which it can’t do there, it’s not getting food and its eggs can’t go be eaten somewhere outside (but they reproduce another way so ig idc)

And a T-Phobos vaccine wouldn’t be that useful because unless it’s constantly being reintroduced to the body, it’s an inactivated virus, and your body will start to fight it like it does for the dead virus of a vaccine)

Also like really. If you get tetanus and i give you a shot after you started convulsing, you’re still dying. Same with the viruses in the game. You start showing symptoms it’s too late. Vaccines won’t do shit.

[brigittas-writing-nook]

Wheat allergy, Celiac, and NCGS: Wait! They're not the same?

"What to expect from Wheat allergy, Celiac, and NCGS: Wait! They're not the same?" Disclaimer: None of the information provided in these posts should be taken as medical advice. Please consult with your doctor before trying recommendations or if you have concern Some posts may contain affiliate or third-party links. Okay, I said last week that I was going to cover the elimination diet this week, but I’m still researching it. Which means I’m going to cover about a topic I don’t really have to research (much) to talk about.

Meet my nemesis, Gluten

As I have mentioned before, I have several food allergies, and one of them is wheat. It happens to be one of the top nine food allergies listed in the US, but it is similar to a couple of other gluten-based issues. So this week, I’m going to talk about the differences between a wheat allergy and both celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS or GS). Because there is a lot of confusion surrounding these gluten-based irritants, let’s take a closer look at these conditions.

Wheat allergy

A wheat allergy, like all other allergies, is an immune response. The body creates immunoglobulin (IgE) antibodies to protect the body from the usually-innocuous protein in a food. In the case of a wheat allergy, that protein is gluten, which I’ll go into more detail on in a future post. People can react differently to a wheat allergy. Some people only experience symptoms when they consume something that contains wheat. Others can react to simply breathing in wheat particles, even without eating them. Common wheat allergy symptoms include: - Anaphylaxis - Headache - Hives or skin rash - Nausea and vomiting - Runny nose, congestion or sneezing - Wheezing or asthma attack Testing for a wheat allergy follows the usual allergy testing procedures, and doctors can choose from any of the common tests to help them make a diagnosis. Our next condition, however, requires a different approach.

Celiac disease

Celiac disease is an intolerance to the wheat protein gluten as well as gluten found in barley and rye. With celiac, the body develops an auto-immune response that attacks the small intestine and damages the villi, leading to a difficulty in absorbing nutrients. It is a genetic condition often triggered by stress, trauma, and other environmental factors. Testing for CD usually involves several types of blood tests and possibly a biopsy of the small intestine. Your doctor can discuss with you what your best testing options are. Common CD symptoms include: - Bloating, gas, and constipation - Brain fog, fatigue, and headaches - Depression - Diarrhea and nausea - Joint pain - Rash (dermatitis herpetiformis) Ironically, some of these symptoms are similar to our last gluten condition, non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

Symptoms in NCGS are usually more focused on digestion issue, such as bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. This sensitivity is a little harder to define, largely because scientists haven’t quite figured out how it works. It isn’t an immune response (like the wheat allergy), but it also isn’t an auto-immune response (like celiac). Some scientists think it could not be related to gluten at all. One study proposes that NCGS might be a sensitivity to another protein, amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs), found in wheat, barley, and rye. Testing for it is challenging, because doctors must first rule out both a wheat allergy and celiac. If the patient tests negative for these two conditions but still reacts to gluten, the conclusion is NCGS.

Are you sure what you have isn’t celiac disease?

Short answer: maybe? The first test I had was a blood test, which isn’t as reliable as the scratch test I had two years later. The blood test checked for IgE antibodies and tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (tTG-IgA). All of these tests came to the same conclusion, though: I am definitely allergic to wheat. I first found out about this allergy in 2008, right before I lost a contract job and was “unemployed” and freelancing for almost two years. Talk about a bad time to have to adjust to an expensive diet. And, trust me, eating gluten free isn’t cheap, though prices are getting a little better.

Life is never simple (for me, at least)

Thankfully, my symptoms don’t include anaphylaxis, but they do include inflammation, rashes (probably from the eczema), joint pain, and digestive upset, and some of these symptoms also occur in celiac disease. Also, I react negatively digestion-wise to barley, though I can’t say for sure with rye, because all of the rye products I’ve been exposed to also include wheat (which pretty much defeats the purpose of trying to determine a potential intolerance). Since there is an allergy present, I don’t qualify for NCGS. And, though my tests don’t show it as a genetic marker, I still show some of the same symptoms as celiac. Bodies are weird, as a friend of mine says. And none seem to be more so than mine. Ah, well. That’s life. That’s all for this week. Next week I’m going to talk about what foods you can use to replace the wheat in your diet. Want to share a story about these conditions? Leave a comment below. Be safe. Eat safe. And savor life! Want to receive posts in your email? Subscribe below. Read the full article

[covid-safer-hotties]

An unexpected IgE anti-receptor binding domain response following natural infection and different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines - Published Aug 28, 2024

Abstract Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 has been studied, predominantly the classical IgG and its subclasses. Although IgE antibodies are typically specific to allergens or parasites, a few reports describe their production in response to SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. Here, we investigated IgE specific to receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in a Brazilian cohort following natural infection and vaccination. Samples from 59 volunteers were assessed after infection (COVID-19), primary immunization with vectored (ChAdOx1) or inactivated (CoronaVac) vaccines, and booster immunization with mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccine. Natural COVID-19 induced IgE, but vaccination increased its levels. Subjects vaccinated with two doses of ChAdOx1 exhibited a more robust response than those immunized with two doses of CoronaVac; however, after boosting with BNT162b2, all groups presented similar IgE levels. IgE showed intermediate-to-high avidity, especially after the booster vaccine. We also found IgG4 antibodies, mainly after the booster, and they moderately correlated with IgE. ELISA results were confirmed by control assays, using IgG depletion by protein G and lack of reactivity with heterologous antigen. In our cohort, no clinical data could be associated with the IgE response. We advocate for further research on IgE and its role in viral immunity, extending beyond allergies and parasitic infections.

TL;DR: Vaccination provides more robust protection from Covid than infection

[frontierallergy]

Unveiling the Enigma of Alpha-Gal: Unanticipated Allergies When Ticks Transform Meat into a Health Risk

In a culinary landscape where new flavors and dishes often bring joy, imagine savoring a delectable steak or burger only to face an unexpected allergic reaction, turning the simple act of consuming meat into a potential health concern. This perplexing phenomenon is none other than the Alpha-Gal tick meat allergy, a genuine mystery that has captivated scientists and garnered attention from the medical community in recent times. Join us as we delve into the captivating realm of Alpha-Gal and unravel the intricate connections between ticks, meat, and the human immune system.

Understanding the Alpha-Gal Relationship

Alpha-Gal, short for "alpha-galactose," is a carbohydrate molecule naturally found in the organs of many non-primate animals. Remarkably absent in humans and other primates, it becomes an alien substance triggering immune responses under specific circumstances, such as tick bites. Research indicates that individuals bitten by ticks are more likely to develop red meat allergies, suggesting a correlation between tick exposure and altered immune reactions to alpha-gal.

The link between Alpha-Gal and ticks was established in the early 2000s in regions like the southeastern United States and parts of Europe, where ticks like the Lone Star ticks are prevalent. When these ticks bite humans, alpha-gal molecules enter the bloodstream, prompting the immune system to produce antibodies against them.

Mechanism of Allergic Reaction

The Alpha-Gal allergy unfolds in a series of steps:

Tick Bite: Alpha-Gal-carrying ticks acquire alpha-gal molecules from the blood of the animals they feed on, incorporating them into their saliva. When these ticks bite humans, the saliva containing alpha-gal is introduced into the bloodstream.

Immune Response: The immune system recognizes alpha-gal as foreign and generates antibodies, specifically Immunoglobulin E (IgE).

Delayed Reaction: Unlike immediate allergic reactions, Alpha-Gal allergies take time to develop. Symptoms typically surface 3 to 6 hours after consuming red meat, complicating the identification of the trigger.

Diagnosis and Symptoms

Diagnosing Alpha-Gal allergies poses challenges due to delayed symptoms and the need for specialized blood tests. Symptoms may include hives, itching, swelling, gastrointestinal discomfort, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial given the potential seriousness of reactions associated with this allergy.

Managing Alpha-Gal Allergies

Living with an Alpha-Gal allergy requires careful lifestyle adjustments:

Elimination of Trigger Foods: Avoiding foods containing alpha-galactose, such as red meat and gelatin-containing products, is essential.

Tick Control: Minimize tick exposure through protective clothing, tick repellents, and avoiding tick habitats.

Educating Healthcare Professionals: Raise awareness among healthcare professionals about the unique features and testing requirements for Alpha-Gal allergies.

Emergency Planning: Individuals prone to severe allergic reactions should carry an EpiPen and know how to use it in case of emergencies.

Future Research Directions

Ongoing scientific research aims to enhance our understanding of Alpha-Gal allergies, exploring new diagnostic procedures, desensitization medications, and strategies to reduce tick populations.In conclusion, the investigation into Alpha-Gal allergies uncovers a fascinating connection between ticks, meat, and allergic reactions. If you suspect Alpha-Gal-related allergic symptoms, do not hesitate to reach out. Your well-being is our priority, and we are here to assist you.

[cogandstar]

looks at one of the few files i've gotten oh huh, the IG replicator is named for immunoglobulin. bet eventually we'll use that to be able to cure more than one person -- give on person axelavir, they get antibodies, we replicate them, cure others.

[gayforsphaghettios]

Absolutely hate myself, the tiny bitches that fuck around. My antibodies. Wanna know why? Almost all my life I've been allergic to carrots (amongst literally every common ingredient in any Cuisine) and have never had a V8. It just occurred to me "oh right I can have carrots now and can try a V8....wait fuck no I can't because my antibodies switched and I can't have tomatoes now, goddamn"

So my body just wants me to never try a V8 ig. Anyway idk if they're any good either so I'm probably not missing out