#Grain Storage Silo Exporters

[bhupatiengineering]

Top Grain Storage Silo Exporters in India

Elevate your grain storage capabilities with the finest silos from India's premier exporters. Grain Storage Silo Exporters in India, crafted to international standards, ensure optimal protection against pests and environmental factors, safeguarding your valuable grain harvest. Bhupati Engineering specializes in providing advanced grain storage solutions that prioritize efficiency and protection. Choose as your trusted partner in exporting premium grain storage silos from India.

[orisonindustries]

Grain Storage Silo Manufacturers in India

India's Grain storage silo industry has seen significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for efficient and safe storage solutions for grains. Grain storage silos are essential for maintaining the quality and longevity of agricultural produce, protecting them from pests, weather, and contamination. Among the prominent manufacturers in this sector is Orison Industries, a leading name known for its innovative and high-quality silo systems.

Orison Industries offers a range of grain storage solutions, including flat bottom silos, hopper bottom silos, and customized silo designs tailored to meet specific requirements. Their silos are constructed using high-grade galvanized steel, ensuring durability and resistance to corrosion. Orison's silos come equipped with advanced aeration systems, temperature monitoring, and automated grain handling mechanisms, facilitating efficient storage and management of grains.

With a focus on sustainability and efficiency, Orison Industries integrates cutting-edge technology in their manufacturing process, ensuring that their products meet international standards. Their commitment to customer satisfaction and continuous improvement has positioned them as a trusted partner for farmers, agribusinesses, and food processing companies across India. Through their reliable and innovative grain storage solutions, Orison Industries contributes significantly to the agricultural sector, enhancing food security and reducing post-harvest losses.

For more information

Contact us :- +918860602980

Email id :-  sales@orisonindustries.in

Address :-   F- A143 Bharat Vihar Street No 25 New Delhi 59

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazil floods hit food silos, disrupt routes to major grains port

Heavy flooding in southern Brazil has hit food storage facilities in lower areas while hampering the shipping of grains to port, jeopardizing the nation's exports and wreaking havoc to the economy of Rio Grande do Sul state, a large soy, rice, wheat and meat producer.

Anec, an association representing global grain exporters, said on Tuesday access to the port of Rio Grande had been disrupted as a local rail line stopped operating. The group, which represents firms like Cargill and Bunge, also cited road blockades forcing grain trucks to travel an extra 400 kilometers (248.55 miles) through alternative routes to reach the port, increasing freight costs.

The unprecedented climate event, which left entire towns under water and destroyed critical infrastructure in the capital and rural areas, also killed livestock and caught farmers in the final stages of the corn and soy harvests, clouding the outlook for national grain production in 2023/2024.

The escalating crisis also led competing meatpackers to join forces to circumvent logistical hurdles brought about by the heavy downpours, which disrupted water and electricity services to 1.4 million people, the state's Civil Defense agency said.

Continue reading.

[invoitplast]

Supplier of Flexible Storage Silo in Hyderabad

Invoit Plast Machinery Pvt. Ltd. is located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. We are Specializes in Manufacturer and Supplier of Flexible Storage Silo in Hyderabad, Telangana, India . Invoit Plast Machinery Pvt. Ltd., is a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of plastic processing machinery. A flexible storage silo is a specialized storage structure designed for bulk materials such as grains, powders, granules, or liquids. These silos are constructed with flexible and collapsible materials, typically durable fabrics or membranes supported by a framework. Key Features: Flexibility: The silos can expand or contract based on material volume, optimizing space and adapting to changing storage needs. Versatility: Suitable for various materials including grains, seeds, plastics, chemicals, and liquids. Lightweight: Compared to rigid silos, they are portable and easy to transport, install, and relocate. Quick Installation: Assembling and disassembling is fast, reducing downtime and labor costs. Cost-Effectiveness: Lower initial investment and maintenance expenses compared to steel or concrete silos. Weather Resistance: Resistant to weathering, corrosion, and UV degradation, ensuring durability. Customizable Options: Available in different sizes, capacities, and configurations to suit diverse storage needs. Applications: Agriculture: Ideal for storing grains, seeds, feed, and agricultural products. Food Processing: Suitable for flour, sugar, salt, spices, and food ingredients storage. Plastics and Chemicals: Used for storing plastic pellets, powders, resins, and chemical products. Pharmaceuticals: Applicable for storing pharmaceutical ingredients, powders, and granules. Waste Management: Used to store recyclable materials, waste products, and bulk materials for recycling or disposal. We Provide Supplier of Flexible Storage Silo in Hyderabad, Telangana Including Uppal, Madhapur, Ameerpet, Begumpet, Somajiguda, Gachibowli, Manikonda, Miyapur, Kondapur, Bhardari, Sanathnagar, Azamabad ,Adilabad, Bhadradri-Kothagudem, Hyderabad, Jagtial, Jangaon, Jayashankar, Bhoopalpally, Jogulamba-Gadwal, Kamareddy, Karimnagar, Khammam, Komaram Bheem Asifabad, Mahabubabad, Mahabubnagar, Mancherial, Medchal, Medak, Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda. Nirmal, Nizamabad, Peddapalle, Rajanna Sircilla, Ranga Reddy, Sangareddy, Siddipet, Suryapet, Vikarabad, Wanaparthy, Warangal, Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri. For detailed information and inquiries, please feel free to contact us. Read the full article

[glenda1ley1]

Molasses mixing machines price

Molasses mixing machines price Our History Founded in 2011 Yangzhou Hycox Industrial Co.,Ltd is located in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. We are a professional Company specializing in design, research, manufacturing, sales and service. Our business scopes include feed machinery (Hammer mill, Mixer, Liquid adding system, Pellet mill, Feeder, Conditioner, Crumbler, Series Rota-shake sifter, SFJZ series vibrating sifter, functions if for distributing granular and powdery materials. Self-lock structure, accurate and reliable positioning with guiding pipe, automatic dust cleaning in the machine, compact structure, small space occupation, ease of maintenance. Heavy duty construction, simple and reliable for years of operation. Easy installation and low maintenance. Spout area varied from 100x100 ~ 800x800 cm2. Widely used for material feeding or discharging in feed, food, flour, chemical, mineral, metallurgy, cement industries. 鈼哖ermanent magnet sleeve: Made in stainless steel. Powerful iron removal performance without power consumption. Magnetic field intensity鈮?000GS; iron removal efficiency 鈮?9%. Widely employed in the material receiving system of feed mills, grain storage facilities and etc 鈼咰leaner: Simple structure, ease of cleaning and maintenance. Aspiration system for assistant cleaning. Suitable for large impurity removal in a material receiving system in feed mills, grain storage facilities etc. 鈼哠ilo: used to storage grains, wood chips, silage, cement, sand. The silo have temperature instrument, moisture instrument, level indicator, etc. the capacity is between 10T to 10000T. Production Equipment Main equipment: Hammer mill-Mixer-Pellet mill- Crumbler-Series Rota-shake sifter-SFJZ series vibrating sifter-Extruder-Dryer-Cooler-Dust collector, Bucket elevator-Packing machine-Screw conveyor, Drag conveyor-Distributor-Permanent magnet sleeve-Cleaner, Silo. Production Market South America 79% Africa: 8% Europe: 3% Middle East: 10% Our Service We export to different continents and regions, such as South America, Africa, Asia, Europe, and all our customers are satisfy with our: Prices, Services, Quality products.Molasses mixing machines price website:http://www.hycoxfeedmachine.com/

[blueweave8]

Grain Silos and Storage System Market Analysis, Forecast 2022-2028

BlueWeave Consulting, a leading strategic consulting and market research firm, in its recent study, estimated global grain silos and storage system market size at USD 1.48 billion in 2021. During the forecast period between 2022 and 2028, BlueWeave expects global grain silos and storage system market size to grow at a steady CAGR of 5.8% reaching a value of USD 2.18 billion by 2028. Global grain silos and storage system market expansion is driven by increasing utilization of grain silos and storage systems in the large-scale agriculture, high adoption of storage system owing to its affordability, surging demand for adequate grain storage to combat food shortages, and rising global population. An increasing use of grain silos and storage systems to store crops while minimizing waste, growing awareness of the necessity of effective post-harvest management coupled with increasing technological advancement to avoid contamination is fueling the global grain silos and storage system market during period in analysis. However, high initial and setup expenditure might restrain the growth of global grain silos and storage system market.

Global Grain Silos and Storage System Market – Overview

Silos play a significant role in post-harvest management by serving as grain collectors and distribution units. Silos handle the initial grain processing purpose by drying, fumigating, and cleaning grains to safeguard the grains. All these features enable the requirement for storage systems to increase in an upward trajectory. COVID-19 pandemic put further pressure on grain and storage unit protection, which could benefit grain silos and the storage sector.

Sample Report @ https://www.blueweaveconsulting.com/report/grain-silos-and-storage-system-market/report-sample

Global Grain Silos and Storage System Market - By Commodity Type

By commodity type, global grain silos and storage system market is Rice, Maize, Wheat, Soybean, and Sunflower. The maize segment is expected to dominate the market due to its utilization in developed and underdeveloped countries. It is also used in livestock feed and refined into a variety of food and commercial goods, including starch, sweeteners, maize oil, beverage and industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. The soybean segment which is expected to hold the second highest market share during the forecast period. Soybeans are oilseed crops that produce 20% oil when crushed and the remaining 80% is soybean meal, often used to feed livestock such as poultry, cattle, and pork. However, oil is a component of many food products, including cooking oil, mayonnaise, and prepared foods. Furthermore, it is employed in non-food sectors, such as paints, soaps, and polymers.

Impact of COVID–19 on Global Grain Silos and Storage System Market

COVID-19 pandemic had a slight negative impact on the silos industry, but there was no major effect on the silos supply chain or worldwide operations. The grain storage silos market was less damaged by the pandemic owing to the exemption of food and agricultural services due to lockdown regulations. As a result of the pandemic, the silos market moved slowly and with little disruption in 2020. The market under consideration is steadily recovering and gaining traction, with growing demands for grain storage due to improved economic conditions. It is expected to fuel the growth of Global grain silos and storage system market.

Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Global Grain Silos and Storage System Market

Global grain silos and storage system market is adversely affected by the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the world’s two largest producers and suppliers of grains. Moreover, further intensity of the war is feared to trigger the global food crisis. According to US Embassy Georgia reports, Russia and Ukraine together held a significant share of 34% in global exports of wheat in 2021. Especially, in the global exports of sunflower cake, both the countries had a whopping 81% share. In addition, Ukraine and Russia held a combined significant market share in the global exports in maize, barley, sunflower oil, and vegetable oils. The report also estimated that Russia and Ukraine supplied about 12% of food calories traded across the globe in 2021.

Ukraine, in particular, is popularly known as the breadbasket of Europe, as the country is the region’s major source of wheat. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, there have been uncertainties over the supply of grains both from Ukraine and Russia to the world, and to Europe in particular. It has resulted in a significant rise in global food prices. Furthermore, besides experiencing food shortages due to expensive import costs, fiscal deficits, conflict, Middle East and North Africa confront an additional issue. Any further interruption or decrease in grain supply from Ukraine and Russia is anticipated to affect the growth of global grain silos and storage system market.

Competitive Landscape

Global grain silos and storage system market is fiercely competitive with major companies including AGCO Corporation, Silos Córdoba, Bentall Rowlands Silo Storage Ltd, Symaga SA, Sioux Steel Company, SCAFCO Grain Systems Co., Agi, Mysilo, Skup Manufacturing Co., Prive SA, Brock Grain Systems, Scafco Grain Equipment, Prado Silos, Behlen Mfg. Co., Sioux Steel Company, Superior Grain Equipment, Symaga, and Hoffmann, Inc. To further enhance their market share, these players are primarily focused on the development of innovative and efficient products, new product releases, market initiatives, mergers and acquisitions, and other collaborative activities.

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BlueWeave Research Blog

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[everydaysteels1]

We are capable of manufacturing tanks in capacities ranging between 50kl to 5000kl. In addition to such tanks, we are also a trusted manufacturer and exporter of varied industrial storage silos, Industrail Storage Tanks as well as material handling equipment. 

[ukrainenews]

Daily Wrap Up June 14, 2022

Under the cut: U.S. will build temporary silos on Poland’s border with Ukraine to facilitate the export of grain; Russia has told Ukrainian forces holed up in a chemical plant in embattled Sievierodonetsk to lay down their arms by early Wednesday; Ukrainian authorities say they are continuing to evacuate civilians from Sievierodonetsk during every “quiet” moment; Leaders of seven European Nato members pledged support for applications by Sweden and Finland to join the alliance on Tuesday; United Nations is again warning against the forced adoption of Ukrainian children in Russia.

“President Joe Biden said Tuesday that the U.S. will build temporary silos on Poland’s border with Ukraine to facilitate the export of grain out of the war-torn nation and address surging food prices amid Russia’s invasion.

“We’re going to build silos, temporary silos in the borders of Ukraine, including in Poland. So we can transfer [grain] from those cars into those silos into cars in Europe and get it out into the ocean, and get it out across the world. But it’s taking time,” Biden said in a speech at the AFL-CIO convention in Philadelphia, where he discussed potential solutions to rising food prices across the country.

U.S. and Western officials have been exploring efforts to build temporary silos in Ukraine and other nations as a means to quickly scale up grain storage capacity in Ukraine, where a Russian naval blockade is holding back more than 25 million tons of grain from the world food supply. Russia’s blockade in the Black Sea has upended global trade routes while threatening to financially strangle Ukraine and deepen hunger crises around the world. In the next month, Ukrainian farmers will start harvesting the summer wheat harvest, but won’t have anywhere to store it, Ukrainian officials have warned.

U.S. officials and lawmakers are also worried that food shortages, along with rising fuel and food prices, could spark mass starvation, political unrest and migration across parts of Africa, the Middle East and, possibly, Central America, in the coming months.

Biden said Tuesday that the grain can’t be shipped out through the Black Sea “because it’ll get blown out of the water” by Russia’s naval blockade. The U.S. for now has ruled out sending military ships into the region, which would risk Russian retaliation.”-via Politico 

~

“Russia has told Ukrainian forces holed up in a chemical plant in embattled Sievierodonetsk to lay down their arms by early Wednesday.

Ukraine says more than 500 civilians are trapped alongside soldiers inside Azot, a chemical factory where its forces have resisted weeks of Russian bombardment and assaults that have reduced much of Sievierodonetsk to ruins.

Fighters should “stop their senseless resistance and lay down arms” from 8am Moscow time (5am GMT), Mikhail Mizintsev, head of Russia’s National Defence Management Centre told the Interfax news agency.

Civilians would be let out through a humanitarian corridor, Mizintsev added.

Shelling on Azot was so strong that “people can no longer stand it in the shelters, their psychological state is on edge,” said Luhansk regional governor Serhiy Haidai.”-via The Guardian

~

“Ukrainian authorities say they are continuing to evacuate civilians from Sievierodonetsk during every “quiet” moment, after the three main bridges out of the eastern city were destroyed by Russian shelling.

As fighting raged on for control of the city, local authorities said they still had ways to evacuate people, though it was not immediately clear what route the Ukrainian military was using.

“The ways to connect with the city are quite difficult, but they exist,” Oleksandr Struik, the head of the Sievierodonetsk military administration, told Ukrainian television, adding that evacuations were taking place “every minute when it is quiet there, or there is a possibility of transportation”.

“Russian troops are trying to storm the city, but the military is holding firm,” he added. Russia is believed to control about 70% of the city.

Struik said about 500 civilians continued to shelter in the city’s Azot chemical plant, where it is feared a scenario similar to that in the southern port city of Mariupol, where hundreds of people were trapped for weeks in the Azovstal steelworks, could play out.

A senior Russian commander said that Russian forces were ready to open up a humanitarian corridor on Wednesday morning to evacuate civilians from the Azot plant to Svatove, a city north of Sievierodonetsk controlled by pro-Russian forces.

Col Gen Mikhail Mizintsev, the officer who was in charge of the devastating siege of Mariupol, said Ukraine asked the Russian side to help organise a humanitarian corridor to Lysychansk, a neighbouring city controlled by Ukraine on the other side of the Siverskyi Donets River from Sievierodonetsk, but that Russia’s defence ministry regarded Ukraine’s request as an attempt to save its encircled units.

Fighters should “stop their senseless resistance and lay down arms” from 8am Moscow time (5am GMT), Mizintsev told the Interfax news agency late on Tuesday.

Ukraine has not yet commented on the reported humanitarian corridor. It has previously accused Russia of violating ceasefire agreements.”-via The Guardian

~

“Leaders of seven European Nato members pledged support for applications by Sweden and Finland to join the alliance on Tuesday, as secretary Jens Stoltenberg urged all nations to increase military aid to Ukraine.

The developments came at an informal gathering at the residence in The Hague of Netherlands prime minister Mark Rutte, co-hosted by Denmark.

Other leaders attending were Romania’s president and the prime ministers of Belgium, Poland, Portugal and Latvia, the Associated Press reported.” -via The Guardian

~

“The United Nations is again warning against the forced adoption of Ukrainian children in Russia, where thousands are believed have been moved since Moscow’s February invasion.

“We’re reiterating, including to the Russian Federation, that adoption should never occur during or immediately after emergencies,” Afshan Khan, the UN Children’s Fund (Unicef) regional director for Europe and Central Asia, told reporters, according to AFP.

Such children cannot be assumed to be orphans, and “any decision to move any child must be grounded in their best interests and any movement must be voluntary. Parents need to provide informed consent,” said the official, who had just returned from a visit to Ukraine.

“Regarding children that have been sent to Russia, we’re working closely to see with ombudspersons and networks how best we can document those cases,” Khan said, adding that there is currently no access to those children.

The UN expressed concern in March about the risk of forced adoption of Ukrainian children, especially the some 91,000 who were living in institutions or boarding schools at the beginning of the war.”-via The Guardian

[partisan-by-default]

Biden noted the U.S. has been working on a plan to export the grain through other countries by rail but acknowledged the overland routes are rife with logistical problems. Rail routes can only move a fraction of the grain that Ukraine normally exports from its Black Sea ports and Ukrainian trains operate on a wider rail gauge than that used by the rest of the tracks in Europe. Biden suggested building silos is a better option for now and could help Ukraine buy some time.

Talks are ongoing between the United Nations and Russia, and separately with Turkey, which aims to broker a deal with Russia to allow Ukraine to restart grain exports via the Black Sea. But Biden administration officials and U.S. lawmakers are skeptical of Russia’s efforts, since Moscow is demanding sanctions relief in return.

“It’s hard to view the Russian offers in good faith considering how they are actively and intentionally destroying food products in Ukraine and exacerbating global food insecurity,” a U.S. official recently told POLITICO.

[jordanianroyals]

29 July 2021: Crown Prince Hussein inaugurated the second phase of the Aqaba grain silos expansion project, which enhances the competitiveness of the Aqaba port as an export hub.

He stressed the need to sustain Jordan’s strategic grain reserves, and set mechanisms for re-exporting in line with the highest standards of professionalism and flexibility. He was briefed on the project, whose expansion increased storage capacity from 100,000 tonnes to 200,000 tonnes, and extended storage validity period. (Source: Petra) The project’s expansion, which is owned by the Aqaba Development Corporation and operated by the Jordan Silos and Supply General Company, enhances the port’s competitiveness as a regional hub for re-exporting grains, and speeds up work by minimising mooring duration from 10 days to three days. The expansion included building two 250-metre-long piers that are allocated for silos and allow handling two ships at the same time, establishing six loading stations equipped with automatic filling systems, and installing a two-sided conveyor belt and a machine to transport grains from silos to the port for exporting purposes.

[bhupatiengineering]

Optimizing Agriculture: Grain Storage Silo Exporters in India

Leading the agricultural revolution, Indian grain storage silo exporters provide advanced solutions for secure and efficient grain storage. Harnessing advanced technology, these exporters offer robust silos that ensure optimal preservation, safeguarding crops from pests and environmental factors. Bhupati Engineering is one of the top grain storage silo exporters in India, With a commitment to quality and innovation, they contribute significantly to India's landscape, supporting farmers in preserving and maximizing the yield of their harvests.

[lodelcar]

BUILDING UP A FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY IS PRECEDED BY BUILDING UP A BUSINESS

picture: modern lace worker, Brussels

Introduction

I have written this text to share it with my postgraduate students from the VUB. They start a year of International Trade and Investment full of courage from various nationalities and from various study backgrounds. They do this with a great deal of diligence and dedication but often find that they do not master the premises: the fact that the course deals with doing business, producing, trading, buying and selling. For many of them, who are at the start of a professional life, even the theoretical knowledge about this is lacking.

That is why I have decided, during an hour and a half, with many examples, to try and guide them in doing business.

1. Doing business

Doing business takes only three forms: it is either about producing something or about purchasing items and then reselling them, or about selling one’s own knowledge and skills to third parties. People sometimes need material for the latter, but they don't sell it. People only sell their workforce and intelligence. The latter are called services. Although they account for between 75% and 80% of the economic activities in most countries, in this article I will deliberately limit myself to agriculture and the manufacturing industry. Because in this presentation we want to end up at trading with foreign partners, and this is primarily about tangible products.

Two stories can support this:

The company F.E. T* 2011, 100 km from the Ukrainian capital Kiev has 2000 ha of land, which it owns partially and leases mostly (long lease 50 y). 80% of the farm’s turnover comes from traditional crops, such as wheat and corn. In order to make future oriented products, the farmer started to develop an entire line (30 items) of dairy products from goat milk, to yoghurt and kephir and even ice cream since 2016. Today the income of this activity line is good for 20% of the turnover. The farmer aims at reaching 50% over 5 years. The goats have been purchased in France and a breeding process started. They now have 1500 goats and intent to increase the amount to up to 3000 goats. They have a milk production capacity for up to 7000 l/day. They are at 2000 l/day. The equipment for milk treatment is Israeli, as well as the milk production supervisor. Cheese production equipment comes from France and Italy as well as their cheese making consultant. The ice cream consultant comes from Italy. The farmer goes yearly to a large goat fair Caprina in France where he learns about gear and equipment and meets potential consultants. This dairy line is a typical example of vertical integration. The production is entirely mastered by the farm from the breeding of goats, the collection and distillation of the milk, the production of the dairy products, the production of the bottles out of small plastic objects purchased in China, the bottling, the development of logo and packaging design, the packaging and the transportation to the retailers. Important is that the farm does and finances market research, developed its own brand Z*, as well as its own design with colour codes. They even intend to create in the future a second high-end brand. These steps enables them to grow organically and in a sustainable way. They declined until now to produce for private labels of retailers. Even with Auchan, with whom they negotiate now, they declined the private label production.

The company W* close to Chisinau in Moldova sells tractors and agricultural equipment from the brand C*, of which they have a dealership agreement during 3 years in Moldova. Before they had a dealership with the Italian M* G*.  They also sell equipment from the Swedish brand V*. The company recently built new premises as rep office for C*. They built a state of the art show room and offices with workshop for repairing. The company also sells fertilisers and pesticides as well as seeds for crops. They don’t sell liquids but solid boxes. Their suppliers are BASF, Bayer, Pioneer for the seeds. They produce also seeds themselves (sunflowers).

Services companies are often related to ICT development. Until five years ago, ICT focused primarily on processes and their management. Because of our increasingly complex society, which demands more transparency, which requires faster and more thorough reporting, and which is monitored more and more, large companies have to manage such large volumes of data that they can use help for this. Data is becoming very important, now even more for large, say, listed companies. But medium-sized companies will suffer the same fate in the future. The engineers at the -nowadays “unicorn”- company C* in Brussels are active in data governance and in data stewardship. In this way they do not address the IT departments within a company, but rather the business people themselves..  There are 20 potential customers in Belgium. That is why they had resolutely gone international from the start. They are mainly talking to banks, insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, etc. But also large governments, large public companies, universities.

2. Import and export

Import and export are often activities that go together in the same company. A company often needs products that are not present in its own country or that are present at too high a price or of poor quality. The company needs these products both to make its own products and to sell them to other customers. He will therefore have to import them. A company is sometimes approached at a trade fair or thanks to its website via e-mail by foreign companies who are convinced that they can use the semi-finished products or raw materials that our company produces in their own production process. In other circumstances our company finds a foreign-interested company at a trade fair that is convinced that there is a market for our company's products in its country and that it wants to sell it there.

3. Producing and selling products.

A company from the manufacturing industry needs raw materials or semi-finished products to make its own products. Depending on the type of quality that they wish to deliver, they must determine where they will purchase their raw materials. Are these present in the country itself or do they have to import them? They also need machines to manufacture their products. Depending on the quality that they are trying to deliver, on their financing options and on the number of staff they have at their disposal, they will purchase their machines, either abroad or domestically but often from abroad.

The company O* in Obuchov,Ukraine has machinery for 2 types of products: polyamide and cotton for women and children socks. They are the second producer in Ukraine. The cotton comes from Turkey, the polyamide from Italy, the elastane from Korea through Poland, the yarn from Italy.

The company D* in Chisinau, Moldova produces fiberglass mesh for construction, especially walls and insolation. It produces 1,2 M m²/month. Thanks to a new machine of the K* from Chemnitz they will be able to double their production to 2.5 M m²/month. They export 90% of his product to Romania, Bulgaria, Germany, Spain and Italy. The company has 100 staff members and is looking this to extend by recruiting 40 new staff members. They have difficulties to find qualified staff. The raw material comes by 80 % from Bielarus, by 20% % from Germany, Switzerland, Latvia and Poland.

4. Buying and selling products

This activity is often performed by a permanent sales representative in a region or a country. This person or company can be established as self-employed in the country (agent, shop / webshop), or can be established as a subsidiary of the foreign company (sales office, shop / webshop) with its own legal status. A representative on the payroll of the foreign company may also be located in the country: he may sell the products but the deal is concluded by the main house abroad and the invoice also comes from the main house. The company W* described above, also houses the rep office of the company for whom they do the sales in the Chisinau region.

Why are companies entering and selling products from abroad? There can be several reasons for this. It is possible that a specific type of machine or product is not produced on the local market because the size of the country is too small for it. It may also be that the importer can deliver in a cheaper way than the products already on the market. It may also be that the new products are much more sophisticated and can therefore make them work much more productively. It may also be that products have built up such a reputation or became a brand that is in demand throughout the world. This last one is the case for many fancy clothing brands like Gucci, Dolce & Gabbana, Dior etc.

Which products do companies offer abroad? That can be anything: from raw materials such as seeds for agriculture, yarns for textiles or fiberglass for construction, to semi-finished products such as fabrics for clothing, goats for milk and cheese production to finished products such as luxury clothing, refrigerators but also cooling installations for cold storage.

The company V* – Groups Ltd  in Kiev, Ukraine is a trader. He buys cereals and looks for opportunities. He does business with Sri Lanka, Myanmar, India and many other countries. His warehouse capacity was insufficient and obsolete. He stocked on the ground floor. With a bank loan he has been able to construct 2 grain silos of 3,018 tons capacity each. The silos are erected close to a railway platform, thus avoiding logistical problems and damage to the goods. He found a new business opportunity with Sri Lanka for sale of split yellow peas and next requires an optical sorting machine.

5. The production or purchasing process and its financial aspects

A production company might purchase raw materials or semi-finished products from elsewhere. Before the production of their new product is finished, several weeks or months sometimes pass. And then the new product must still be put on the market, sold and the invoice must be paid. A company therefore needs a financial buffer: that is called working capital. Chocolate producers in Belgium and Switzerland who supply products for the Chinese New Year, which often takes place in February, start their production in September of the year before! Companies often purchase large quantities of raw materials at times when they are offered cheaply and stock them for later production. The same applies to a store: it purchases finished products to resell in the store. There is also a lead time of several days, weeks or months. Here, too, the store needs a buffer called working capital.

The company O* in Ukraine makes pavement tiles out of concrete with artistic top layers. They  produce 300 different types of pavement in 60 different shapes. They also produce stone levelling machines of the brand W*. They have offices in Lviv, Ukraine but have their production is set-up 80 km further, where they have 4 separate plants. During winter season, because of the cold, the production is stopped. They received a loan from the bank over 3 year for working capital, since January 2017. The additionality of this loan type for O* is the tenor: 3 years’ working capital enables a company to plan strategically: buy raw material when prices are low and stock it in order to produce through a longer period. And also have a 5-month buffer stock in times of scarcity through political crisis. They have large storage capacities (70.000 tons) for as well raw as finished material.

But those companies also need machines for their production, storage areas, large stores for their sales, trucks for their transport, tractors to work their land. They purchase them or build them with a bank loan. The cost of that loan must be passed on in the selling price. These loans, which are usually of a longer duration, are called investment capital. A company can also invest with its own resources.

The company K* , a wine production company in Georgia specialises in making wines for the lower and medium segment, priced at USD 5 to 8 /bottle. 75% of its production goes to the former CIS countries, of which 50% to Russia, where they have a distributor with the necessary connections, the remainder goes to Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia. The  final 25% goes to China, US and recently, the UK. In 2016 the company invested in new reservoir tanks, fermentation facilities, refrigerators, a steam generator and a filling & labelling line. The client received in total a loan from BoG. In 2017, the company reapplied for a second loan for land, construction, production facilities over 36 months. Additionally,  they invested in health and safety procedures for the workers, environmental protection (by reducing ozone depleting substances), low voltage machinery, electromagnetic compatibility and in measures for materials that come in contact with food. Thanks to the investments the company increased its production volume from 4,6 m litres in 2016 to 6 m litres in 2017, an impressive 35% increase. In labelling and bottling they were able to increase production by 50%.

6. Access to finance

All research reports around the world reveal that access to finance is the aspect that most often blocks the growth of SMEs. Working capital is usually requested for relatively short periods, such as three, six or twelve months. However, the amounts required are often important. The duration of the loan for capital goods is longer: this depends on the price and durability of the good: a computer is outdated after 4 years, a car or light truck starts to show signs of wear after 5 years, machines will certainly be operational during 10 to 20 years, industrial buildings as well. But do the banks have any loans with this duration for all those terms?

A bank's assignment is simple and difficult at the same time. A bank collects money from people who can spare the cash for a certain period of time and gives a fee for this. In Western Europe and North America, this allowance has been peanuts for several years. In Eastern Europe, Africa, large parts of Asia and Latin America, this allowance is quite substantial. Yet most of these “savers” are wary of leaving their money with the banks for too long: they want to buy things with it, or they do not trust the monetary policy of their country and are always afraid of a devaluation of their currency. With the money that banks collect from citizens and companies, they finance loans. They earn their profit through the spread between the interest rate they give for the savings and the interest rate they charge for the credits. But it is difficult for them to grant 10-year loans if they can only collect one-year savings. Moreover, there are few citizens who put away savings for 20 years. The only ones that do that are the pension funds. But what if there aren't any in a country? Which is the case in many countries. The international financial institutions such as African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, European Investment Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development offer longer-term loans to local banks, that can then transfer them to their customers. Only: most of those loans are in dollars or euros. Again a problem. Because the citizens and companies of the country usually do not have repayment capacity in dollars or euros but in the local currency. And if that local currency is not stable and has a tendency to devalue frequently, local banks are not keen to withdraw long-term dollars or euro loans. Hedging is the only option that remains. Hedging is a type of contract that a bank concludes with a specialized institution to mitigate the risk of devaluation: the contract foresees the exchange rate of euro / dollar to the local currency at the time of repayment, even if the local currency has meanwhile been devalued. Hedging in this case can be considered as a type of insurance. And there are now some companies that also dare to hedge "exotic" currencies. The price ,for this insurance is important though: up to 7 % of the amount.

Banks also do not like to take risks. It is often the central bank of the country that obliges them to be very restrictive in giving loans. Because they have been confronted in the past with bad loans to large outdated government companies that were poorly managed and therefore worked with losses. Governments that have to bear such a burden then hit back with the blunt ax and prevent any loan that is not covered by collateral. Where all statistics indicate that lending to SMEs is much less risky!

Therefore: collateral. In many countries, the way collaterals can be offered to guarantee credit is limited to tangible assets: buildings, land, machines. Intangible assets like the company’s goodwill are  not accepted. The valuation of the tangible assets is by law done by the Association of property evaluators. These experts apply the principle of “market value coverage”. Based upon their valuation the size of collateral is put by the bank. It mostly comes to 140% of the loan. Once a credit is taken, the bank declares it to the central credit reporting system. Based upon the regularity of the reimbursement a company is classified class 1, 2, 3 or 4.  Class 1 is all payments are done on a regular basis. Class 2 is a company of which arrears were limited from  30 to 60 days. Companies with arrears of between 60 and 90 days are class 3. Companies with arrears of more than 90 days are sent to recovery as class 4. Recovery is compulsory and taken from the profit automatically and can therefore jeopardise the existence of the company. In certain cases the collateral will be sold without warning.

7. Difficulties to tackle

Managing a company goes further than ensuring that people and machines work, that stocks are replenished, that bills are paid and that sales run smoothly. There are constant obstacles that need to be overcome: the financial aspect, the transport aspect, the legal aspect and - once a company starts exporting - the political aspect.

7.1. The banking aspect

A company is practically obliged to work with a bank: it has to make payments and it often needs funds for working capital and for investments.

Payments go faster and smoother nowadays thanks to automation and now also thanks to fintech applications. There are payment cards and credit cards that allow customers to pay without cash and give the collecting company the assurance that the money will be in the account. There are international transaction systems such as SWIFT or the European IBAN that create uniformity between banks and countries and thereby make payment transactions run faster and more efficiently. The currency aspect remains a stumbling block. Although more and more currencies are freely exchangeable, there are still a lot of them that are not convertible. Contracts with companies from such countries are therefore often in USD, EUR or CNY. Banks that operate in those countries are not always considered reliable by the others and must therefore be patterned by an internationally respected confirming bank. There are even countries with which the US in particular are in conflict. They then oblige all banks in the world not to do transactions with banks from that country. Iran, Cuba and North Korea have been assigned such a fate. There are always solutions, but they are complicated and time-consuming.

We have already explained the credit aspect: the fact that in many countries long-term loans are far more the exception than the rule. The extravagant guarantees that are requested. The non-customer-oriented thinking of banks that only wait until a loan is repaid and have no eye for the growth of companies and the usefulness that these can have for the further development of a country. But also the positive role for SMEs that IFIs play such as African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, European Investment Bank.

Last but not least is the interest charged on loans. In many countries, the interest rate is a double digit, and companies think this is freakish. Where do those freak interest rates come from? The Central Bank of a country offers its banks short-term loans to banks that need them to clear a deficit for one or a few days ("overnight" or tomorrow-next day = “tom-next”). The Central Bank itself is able to provide with these loans because it borrows money on the international money market and pays interest for that. The interest rate the central has to pay for that depends on the country's rating, which is the appreciation of the economy and the way a country makes economic progress. That appreciation is indicated depending on the rating agency with numbers and letters and reflects on the local currency. The lower those ratings are, the more risk premium a central bank has to pay on the international money market. She therefore passes on the risk premium to the local banks, which naturally also pass it on to their customers. Hence countries where the banks demand a double digit interest, when they provide with loans in local currency.

7.2. The transport system

Goods must reach the customer from the workplace. That requires transport. Road transport and train transport are usually the first choice for domestic transport. River transport is still very limited in Europe, is much more present in Asia. When it comes to transport to foreign destinations for import or export, the nature of the product - its weight, its durability, the urgency of the customer - determines the choice between truck, train, ship or plane. All these means of transport have their own international documents, luckily. International rules have also been worked out that determine who becomes the owner of the goods and when. These rules are called the Incoterms, and there are so 11 containing 3 letters each. There are RULES FOR EVERY TYPE OF TRANSPORTATION and there are RULES FOR OVERSEAS AND INLAND TRANSPORTATION BY VESSEL.

Import and export is also about customs and import duties to be paid. It is important to realize the value of customs zones such as the EU and free trade zones such as NAFTA, Mercosur, ECOWAS or ASEAN. The service provider that is most approached by companies to steer this aspect of transport in the right direction is the freight forwarder.

Transporting also entails risks: goods can be damaged or stolen, incidents such as harbor strikes can occur, so that perishable goods do not reach the customer in time. There are insurance policies for these types of problems, but they obviously cost and there is not always room to pass them on to the end customer.

7.3. The legal aspect

Trading within the same country offers few surprises once one knows the legal framework in which one operates. Foreign managers are often surprised that things are not treated in the same way everywhere. Anglo-Saxon legislation is based on a completely different approach than the European continental one. A contract based upon Anglo-Saxon law contains minimum 30 pages, a continental European one can be limited to three-four pages because everything is in the law.  In the other continents, the laws were partly inspired by Americans and partly by Europeans. A treacherous aspect in the U.S. is, for example, the principle of litigation: one is going to provoke newcomers and then be able to sue them for not respecting the legislation.

A second aspect is the lack of certain pieces of legislation such as the law on bankruptcy, the law on pledging commercial goods, the law on claiming goods and objects, the mortgage legislation.

A third aspect is the independence of the courts. This is essential if the rule of law is to work objectively. But in many countries, judges are nationalistic, so a case brought to court by a foreign company, or where the foreign company needs to defend itself, is lost in advance.

7.4. The tax aspect

Taxes are the deepest expression of the deepest emotion of a country: there are hundreds and they take different aspects everywhere, even within a country. Brazil, the US and India are federal countries in which the states can collect taxes. And do so with pleasure. Informing yourself in advance is of the utmost importance because it can drastically influence the price worked out by consultants to the end consumer. And one must also know that the principle of VAT is not used all over the world, especially not in the US. Tax declarations are another aspect that one needs to check beforehand. In the US, certain spontaneous declarations are assumed, the consequences of a non-spontaneous declaration can be horrendous.

The last aspect that should be taken into account are the double taxation treaties. Thanks to this, a company only has to pay tax once, either in its home country or in the trading country. That is, for example, the reason why Belgian companies trade with China via Hong Kong.

7.5. The business development aspect

The Access to finance aspect has many consequences. Opportunities can pass because companies in a country have insufficient production capacity. This requires heavier and more efficient machines that cannot be purchased due to the lack of collateral.

The pharmaceutical production company I* in Cape Verde, Africa exported since 1995 to Angola and Mozambique. Those markets became too large and the company’s production capacity was unable to produce the required quantities based upon the governmental tenders they won. The quality is good, but the production capacity is not adapted to large markets.

The same goes for the printing sector in Rwanda, Africa who cannot fulfill orders to print packaging material on time because the local industry is unable to produce cardboard of the correct quality. All packaging cardboard has to be imported. And transportation over road in Africa is perilous and time consuming.

Another aspect that triggers problems is the cultural one. Our company I* in Cape Verde limits its export to Portuguese speaking countries, because otherwise they have to print several packaging types and product information, and they can’t stock it. Coca Cola has been active in China since 1995. That does not mean that the first years of the sales effort were a success. The Chinese were not used to drinking ice-cold drinks: their preference was for hot drinks. So it took Coca-Cola a lot of marketing effort to convince them that ice-cold drinks could quench their thirst. Eastern European wine producers from Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova have had to put a lot of effort into adapting their wines to Western European tastes. Eastern Europeans simply like semi-sweet wines and do not touch dry wines. In Western Europe, semi-sweet wines can only be sold to a very limited segment. It has therefore required a great deal of investment in new storage and maturing capacity (wooden or metal barrels) to produce specifically for Western Europe at a competitive price.

8. Geography and geopolitics

An International Trade and Investment student can be expected to find countries on a map. He can also be expected to realize that there are numerous free trade agreements between countries and groups of countries such as EU, NAFTA, Mercosur, ECOWAS, East-African Community, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN countries).

While a customs union and a free trade area are similar in some ways, they are also different. A customs union represents a higher level of economic integration than a free trade area does. The key distinction between customs unions and free trade areas, however, involves their approach to non-treaty nations. While a customs union, by definition, requires all parties to the agreement to establish identical external tariffs with regard to trade with non-treaty nations (those nations that are not signatories to the agreement), members of a free trade area are free to establish whatever tariff rates with respect to foreign imports from non-signatory nations that they deem necessary or desirable. An example of a customs union is the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). An example of free trade area is the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). Members of the EU, the largest and most productive customs union in existence,, have agreed to, among other criteria for membership, maintain a common external tariff system with respect to outside nations. Free trade areas, like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), are less cohesive to the extent that each of the three member nations, the United States, Canada and Mexico, are free to establish tariff policies distinct from each other.

But it is also important for him to grasp that some organizations and initiatives are not only created or organized inspired by goodwill. Certain organizations have been established for power reasons. Some have old-colonial some have also neo-colonial intentions. They exist, one has to work with them and sometimes for them, one can do business with them. One should not necessarily respond enthusiastically to them.

Students are invited to study the background, objectives and history of the following organizations: the Road and Belt initiative, Eurasian economic union, USAid, Eastern Partnership Agreement + DCFTA, Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) , Organization international de la Francophonie (OIF), the Commonwealth of Nations.

ATTACHMENT

Do you want to import products from non EU countries into the European Union?

https://www.brusselsnetwork.be/do-you-want-to-import-products-from-non-eu-countries-into-the-european-union/

If you want to import a product from a non European country into the European Union, you need to comply with import rules and taxes.

The Trade Helpdesk is specially designed for businesses based outside the EU or importing into the EU.

You’ll find all you need to know about exporting to the EU, including:

health, safety and technical standards you’ll need to meet

customs duties you’ll need to pay at the border

internal taxes in each of the 28 countries

the rules of origin that define where a product is from and whether it profits from preferential duty rates

forms to send with your shipments

Find your way on the Trade Helpdesk through the 6 easy steps for importing into Europe:

Open the search box.

Browse the classification tree or type a keyword.

Define your product, the exporting  country and the importing country.

Check ‘Requirements’: the health, safety or technical standards your product needs to meet

Check the ‘Internal taxes’: the VAT or excise duties for your product in the importing country.

the standard rate of EU import duty for your product

a possibly reduced rate if the exporting country has a trade agreement with the EU or benefits from a preferential scheme

any quota or antidumping duties

they indicate the minimum processing your product must undergo in your contry to be considered as ‘originating’ there

the origin depends also on where the inputs you use for your final product are from

the customs offices at EU borders will verify your origin certificate

find out how much other countries are already exporting to the EU of your kind of product

more on product codes

chambers of commerce and customs offices in  each EU country or

additional      information for your country

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Russia is 'weaponizing' food, Joly tells Commonwealth partners as meeting ends without formal rebuke of Moscow

Commonwealth leaders ended their first meeting in four years on Saturday by noting the United Nations resolution that condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine — but the organization issued no rebuke of its own.

Outside of the conference room, it was left to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau — and more pointedly, Foreign Affairs Minister Mélanie Joly — to lay the blame for the impending food security crisis at the feet of Moscow.

Both the United Kingdom and Canada spent two days at the Commonwealth summit attempting to persuade reluctant members to blame Russia for rising global food and gasoline costs.

At times, it was impossible to find a word of support for Ukraine in the final communique. It had arrived but with no unequivocal criticism from Russia, which has sympathisers among the group's 54 members.

Trudeau said in discussions with specific leaders that he had made it his goal to clarify Ukraine's stance. During a vote in the UNGA in March, ten Commonwealth countries abstained, while one did not vote.

The Commonwealth noted the United Nations resolution condemning Russia. The severe words, on the other hand, came from Joly outside the meeting room.

Ukraine is the world's fourth-largest grain exporter, with an estimated 30 million tonnes of grain in storage, awaiting shipment. Farmers are thought to be constructing temporary silos because the summer harvest is only a few weeks away.

The country's Black Sea ports of Odesa, Pivdennyi, and Mykolaiv and Chornomorsk serve as significant terminals, shipping around 4.5 million tonnes of grain each month, but transportation is hampered by a Russian naval blockade.

A recent report from the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) concluded that Russia is taking advantage of transportation bottlenecks to attack Ukraine's food storage facilities.

According to Ukraine's Defence Ministry, Russian soldiers have stormed grain silos across the nation, stealing an estimated 400,000 to 500,000 tonnes of grain from seized territories. According to the CSIS study, which was published online on June 15, "Russia destroyed one of Europe's largest food storage facilities in Brovary, around 19 kilometres northeast of Ukraine's capital of Kyiv."

The Russian blockade of Ukraine's grain exports will also be at the forefront of the G7 leaders' conference, which begins Sunday in Germany. Last week, Vladimir Putin gave a stinging indictment of the issue, blaming the United States, not Russia, for jeopardizing food security and raising inflation and gasoline costs.

He emphasized the point in a phone chat last week with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, who was among the Commonwealth leaders who did not attend this week's gathering. Africa is primarily reliant on grain from Ukrainian and, to a lesser extent, Russia.

Joly stated that Canada has been unambiguous in attributing culpability for the crisis to those leaders who did arrive in Rwanda. In a United Nations vote this spring, ten Commonwealth members refrained from denouncing Moscow's invasion of Ukraine.

Joly said she believes Canada made "headway" at the conference in convincing some of those nations to stand more firmly with Ukraine, but she wasn't specific. In a policy session held before the meeting of Commonwealth leaders, there was a call for African countries to be more self-sufficient in food supplies to offset imports.

Agnes Kalibata, head of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), told the conference that agriculture is "heavily underinvested" in Commonwealth developing countries. She appealed for appropriate investment to enhance "the sector's production, strengthen its resilience, cope with climate change, and generate employment."

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[newstfionline]

Harvesting in a trade war: U.S. crops rot as storage costs soar

Mark Weinraub, P.J. Huffstutter, Reuters, Nov. 21, 2018

(Reuters)--U.S. farmers finishing their harvests are facing a big problem--where to put the mountain of grain they cannot sell to Chinese buyers.

For Louisiana farmer Richard Fontenot and his neighbors, the solution was a costly one: Let the crops rot.

Fontenot plowed under 1,000 of his 1,700 soybean acres this fall, chopping plants into the dirt instead of harvesting more than $300,000 worth of beans.

His beans were damaged by bad weather, made worse by a wet harvest. Normally, he could sell them anyway to a local elevator--giant silos usually run by international grains merchants that store grain.

But this year they aren’t buying as much damaged grain. The elevators are already chock full.

“No one wants them,” Fontenot said in a telephone interview. As he spoke, he drove his tractor across a soybean field, tilling under his crop. “I don’t know what else to do.”

Across the United States, grain farmers are plowing under crops, leaving them to rot or piling them on the ground, in hopes of better prices next year, according to interviews with more than two dozen farmers, academic researchers and farm lenders. It’s one of the results, they say, of a U.S. trade war with China that has sharply hurt export demand and swamped storage facilities with excess grain.

In Louisiana, up to 15 percent of the oilseed crop is being plowed under or is too damaged to market, according to data analyzed by Louisiana State University staff. Crops are going to waste in parts of Mississippi and Arkansas. Grain piles, dusted by snow, sit on the ground in North and South Dakota. And in Illinois and Indiana, some farmers are struggling to protect silo bags stuffed with crops from animals.

U.S. farmers planted 89.1 million acres of soybeans this year, the second most ever, expecting China’s rising demand to give them better returns than other bulk crops.

But Beijing slapped a 25 percent tariff on U.S. soybeans in retaliation for duties imposed by Washington on Chinese exports. That effectively shut down U.S. soybean exports to China, worth around $12 billion last year. China typically takes around 60 percent of U.S. supplies.

The U.S. government rolled out an aid program of around the same size--$12 billion--to help farmers absorb the cost of the trade war. As of mid-November, $837.8 million had been paid out.

Farmers are feeling the pinch. Those in central Illinois could pay up to 40 percent more than in previous years to store crops over the coming weeks, agricultural consultant Matt Bennett estimated.

That amounts to between 3 cents to 6 cents a bushel, Bennett said, a painful expense for a crop that was already expected to deliver little income to farmers.

Storage rates are swinging wildly, depending on the elevator location. Grain dealers at rivers typically charge more than their inland counterparts because they are more dependent on export markets.

At some Midwest river terminals, farmers were paying 60 cents a bushel to store soybeans until the end of the year--more than twice as much as a year ago. Some commercial terminals are charging farmers to just drop off their soybeans.

The trade war has only exacerbated the strain on storage, which has been a persistent problem in recent years due largely to a worldwide oversupply of grains.

Even before this fall’s harvest, around 20 percent of total grain storage available in the U.S. was full with corn, soybeans and wheat from previous harvests, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. That was the highest in 12 years for this time of year.

Some grain merchants are also charging additional fees for farmers who deliver less-than-perfect soybeans, said Russell Altom, a soybean farmer and senior vice president of agricultural lending at Relyance Bank in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

“I’ve never seen things this bad,” Altom said. “I know several farmers who hired lawyers, to see if they can sue over the pricing and fees issues.”

Eric Maupin, a farmer in Newbern, Tennessee, said he was facing so-called dockage rates of between 60 cents at $1.20 per bushels at Bunge Elevators in his area--more than three times as high as a year ago.

“Damage can be anything--a split bean, one that’s too small, one that’s too big--whatever,” Maupin said.

Some farmers are pulling farm equipment out of barns to make room for the overflow of grains.

After packing nearly half a million bushels of corn and soybeans in their usual steel bins, Terry Honselman and his family found some additional space in 35-year-old shed on their Casey, Illinois, farm.

Most years, the building protects farm equipment and bags of seed. Now, it is stuffed with 75,000 bushels of corn.

Like others, Honselman is banking on a resolution to the trade war before this spring--when he says he will need the space back for his planting supplies.