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Mdsolids

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Mdsolids tutorial mdsolids registration code mdsolids answers mdsolids 4.0 download Provide assistance for the introductory mechanics of materials course. (Serial Download) Those of a certain age may remember Mom frying up poultry about an early Sunday morning and exiting it in the MDSolids Software electrical skillet for after services. MDSolids Software. MDSolids is educational software designed to assist engineering students in the introductory mechanics of materials course. MDSolids explains and solves a wide variety of. MDSolids is conceived as a tool to help students solve and understand homework problems typically used in the mechanics of materials course. The software is versatile, graphic, informative,. MDSolids is software for topics taught in the Mechanics of Materials course (also commonly called Strength of Materials or Mechanics of Deformable Solids). This course is typically a part of civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering programs and a number of related programs. 1 Answer to Use the MDSolids modules Section Properties, Determinate Beams, and Mohr’s Circle Analysis to solve the following problem. A W24 × 94 wide-flange steel cantilever beam supports a distributed load of 1.5 kips/ft and concentrated load of 20 kips, as shown in Fig.

The tool civil and mechanical engineering specialists need.

With the name MDSolids you'll find a practical program for those who are responsible for the teaching and study of the mechanics of deformable materials, also called mechanics of deformable solids.

As you will have no doubt already worked out just from the name, MDSolids is a handy tool that is offered as a course for the specialties of civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering. In addition, the program also has a number of modules that focus on the full course of Statistics.

MDSolids has the experience of over ten years, solving the needs of engineering students and professionals, making available routines on beams, columns, pressure vessels, assemblies of torque, and transformations and deformations of many materials. After studying the analysis, MDSolids offers graphics options for graphically showing the results.

It may be that, at first glance, the program seems a complex program to manage, but after downloading and installing MDSolids on your computer, you will see that it is very simple and easy to use with an intuitive graphic user interface. You will very quickly learn the management and control of this great program. If you want to see everything you can do with it, don't miss the opportunity to download a free trial version MDSolids. It's absolutely free, so what are you waiting for to download it? Do it now!

Download the Technology Interface / Spring 1998

Best macbook pro for video editing. Bridging the Gap between Mechanics of Materials Lectures and Homework with MDSolids

by Timothy A. Philpot tim.philpot@murraystate.edu Department of Industrial and Engineering Technology Murray State University

Abstract

Current educational software for the mechanics of materials course is typically presented as either tutorials, worksheets, or basic analysis packages. A new software package, called MDSolids, presents an alternative to these types of products. MDSolids was conceived as a tool to help students solve and understand homework problems typically used in the mechanics of materials course. The software is versatile, graphic, informative, and very easy-to-use. MDSolids is being used at a number of schools around the world, and feedback from users has been uniformly positive and enthusiastic.

Introduction

For many years, computers and particularly personal computers have offered the promise of a revolution in the way that traditional engineering topics are taught. In some regards, this revolution has occurred. Computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) and sophisticated analysis packages have changed the engineering curriculum, making it possible for students to analyze and design at a level of precision impossible to accomplish with hand-calculations alone. However, much of this improvement occurs at the upper-end of the engineering curriculum. At the introductory level, in courses such as mechanics of materials, the impact of computer software on the teaching of fundamental concepts has been less successful. Although educational software has been packaged with textbooks for a number of years, book company editors know that, in general, book adoption decisions are not strongly influenced by the accompanying software. Therefore, if computers and computer software hold such promise as educational tools, why isn't educational software more effective at teaching engineering fundamentals?

How Do Students Learn Mechanics of Materials

In the field of education, Benjamin S. Bloom proposed a developmental sequence for learning, commonly called the Bloom Taxonomy (1). This taxonomy is comprised of six levels, starting with the least level of sophistication. Typical examples pertaining to the mechanics of materials course are given for each level.

Level 1 - KNOWLEDGE. The student is able to remember either by recognition or recall information, terminology, phenomena, etc. Example: Define the term proportional limit.

Level 2 - COMPREHENSION. The student is able to know an abstraction well enough so that he or she is can correctly demonstrate its use when specifically asked to do so. Example: Compute the normal stress in a rod given the load and cross-sectional area.

Level 3 - APPLICATION. The student is able to apply the appropriate abstraction without having to be prompted as to which abstraction is correct or to be shown how to use it in that situation. Example: Determine the elastic modulus given load-deflection data.

Level 4 - ANALYSIS. The student is able to break down the problem into its constituent parts and to detect relationships among the parts and the way they are organized. Example: Determine the maximum load that a structure can support given limits on both stress and deformation.

Level 5 - SYNTHESIS. The student is able to put together elements and parts to form a complete solution. Relates concepts and processes. Able to adapt knowledge from various sources to solve problems. Creative expression with ideas being learned and with ideas already known. Example: Design a beam, incorporating statics, shear/moment/deflections diagrams, normal and shear stresses, and combined stress analysis to determine principal stresses.

Level 6 - EVALUATION. The student is able to apply standards and determine levels of quality. Example: Design concrete beams to best satisfy several considerations.

As professors, we seek to guide students from Level 1 up to Level 5 in the introductory mechanics of materials class. While more fundamental levels of learning (knowledge, comprehension, and application) may be addressed in lectures, time constraints dictate that in-class examples and problems focus on developing analysis and synthesis skills. Each student learns at his or her own rate, and unfortunately, the pace of lecture topics is sometimes faster than the student finds comfortable. Concepts and problem solving skills that should be firmly in place before proceeding to analysis topics are sometimes absent or underdeveloped.

Homework assignments are the primary device used to develop the student's understanding of the mechanics of materials topics. The typical assignment can be somewhat lengthy; therefore, only selected problems can be assigned. Professors may expect (or hope) that their students will work enough extra problems so that the fundamentals are firmly grasped, but students sometimes struggle just to keep up with the homework and exam schedule. To supplement the student's educational development, the self-study potential offered by software would seem to be the ideal means of filling the gap between the material presented in lectures and the understanding and skills expected in homework and exams.

Educational Benefits Unique to Software

Software can help students study mechanics of materials and develop the necessary problem solving skills in several ways that are not inherent in lectures or customary homework assignments.

Correct Solution and Intermediate Results: When learning a new concept, it's very helpful to use the correct solution as a benchmark. Knowing that the problem has been solved correctly gives the student confidence in their problem solving skills and thereby provides a foundation for more challenging problems. Every textbook provides answers to selected problems for this reason. Software can provide the student with the correct solution for a particular problem, but in addition to the final answer, software can provide intermediate solutions that can be used to confirm the calculations along the way. These intermediate results can be helpful in tracking down faults in the problem solving approach.

What-If Analyses: Observing a cause-and-effect relationship can be quite helpful to students. For example, a single concentrated load placed on a simply supported beam produces a shear and moment diagram. The student can add a second concentrated load and observe the changes in these diagrams. As another example, the student can readily change the end support conditions or add intermediate supports to a column and then observe the effects on the buckled shape. Without calculating a single number, the student can learn something about the nature of structures by simply observing these changes. This can help students to develop engineering intuition that will help them know what the correct solution should be before they calculate a single number.

Availability: In the evening hours, during weekends, or when working at home (which may be distant from the classroom), students don't have access to professors, graduate assistants, or others who can help them understand the course material. Having a versatile software tool at hand to supplement the textbook and lecture notes can be a big asset.

Repetition: Some people must see or perform more repetitions involving a concept before they begin to fully understand it. Time limits the number of examples that can be presented in lectures, and textbooks can only present a few examples. With software, students can drill themselves, trying various numeric combinations for a particular problem type until they feel confident in their understanding of the concepts.

Visualization: Software can depict deformations or show stress distributions produced in the problem being considered. Visualization of the material's behavior in response to the loads acting on it can help the student to understand the relevant theory and to develop engineering intuition.

Current Mechanics of Materials Educational Software

Most of the current educational software developed for the mechanics of materials course can be grouped into three categories: tutorials, worksheets, and basic analysis packages.

Tutorials direct the student through a series of prepared screens, each focused on a specific concept or skill. In this manner, tutorials are like lectures delivered in a different format. Recent tutorials such as the Multimedia Engineering series (2, 3) feature an impressive presentation, complete with animation, video clips, and audio files. Despite excellent presentation, however, tutorial products are limited in applicability. The student must follow the sequence of the tutorial presentation in the same way that they would follow along in a lecture. The student must master the concept presented by the tutorial and then apply that concept to the particular problems that they are asked to solve in their homework assignments.

Worksheets for equation-solving software such as Mathcad, MatLab, and TKSolver have also been developed to supplement the mechanics of materials course (4, 5). One drawback of worksheets is that the student must be somewhat familiar with the host software package in order to use the worksheet. In a sense, this disadvantage can also be viewed as an advantage since worksheets encourage the student to develop some command of the equation-solving software, and familiarity with the equation-solving software is a skill that is useful in later engineering courses. However, to the student whose immediate goal is learning the mechanics of materials concepts, the added burden of gaining proficiency with the equation-solving software can be daunting.

Basic analysis packages have been included in several widely available mechanics of materials textbooks such as Lardner/Archer (6) and Craig (7). These programs are useful as tools for assisting students in fundamental skills such as plotting shear and bending moment diagrams or performing Mohr's circle calculations. Basic analysis programs may require students to define nodes and elements and to assign section properties and material constants to the elements. While this is the way that the calculations must be organized for the computer, this approach is not user-friendly for the novice engineer. Furthermore, basic analysis programs have typically lacked a well-developed graphical user interface. Input for these programs has typically been very text-based, often requiring a user's manual to ensure that the proper data and the proper sign conventions are used and to help in interpreting the program output.

Mdsolids Runtime Error

In all three categories, the software is generally developed from the professor's point of view, emphasizing lecture topics or permitting the student to perform more advanced calculations. To be successful, educational software should be developed from the student's point of view. Rather than forcing the student to solve a problem posed by the software, the software should solve the problem of interest to the student. To do this, educational software must be:

versatile in the types of problems that can be solved,

strongly visual to illustrate the behavior of materials,

informative in explaining how and why the calculations are performed, and

intuitive and easy-to-use so that the student is presented with just the right amount of information and analytical power.

The MDSolids Concept

MDSolids is an educational software package devoted to the introductory mechanics of materials course. The hypothesis of the MDSolids concept is that students are most interested in understanding the specific homework problems assigned by their professors, and that students will use educational software that helps them with their immediate course concerns. In the process, the software can help to develop problem solving skills by giving students an intuitive interface that guides them to the important factors affecting various problem types, helps them visualize the nature of internal stresses and deformations, and provides an easy-to-use means of investigating a greater number of problems and variations. Based on this premise, MDSolids was developed with several objectives in mind:

Versatility: MDSolids has routines pertaining to all of the topics taught in a typical mechanics of materials course. These routines are grouped in modules, similar to typical textbook chapters, and the modules can be individually accessed in any sequence. Eleven modules are presently available to handle a wide range of common textbook problems: basic stress and strain, beam-and-strut axial problems, trusses, statically indeterminate axial structures, torsion, determinate beams, section properties, general analysis (of axial, torsion, and beam members), column buckling, and Mohr's circle transformations. Within the modules, each routine solves types of problems typically found in all mechanics of materials textbooks. Some routines are fairly general (e.g., Mohr's circle analysis) while some routines are specific (e.g., plotting a stress-strain curve). The scope of MDSolids offers routines to help students at all levels of understanding, from the most fundamental knowledge-, comprehension-, and application-type problems to more complex problems requiring analysis and synthesis.

Ease-of-Input: Ease-of-input is an essential aspect in the MDSolids concept. Solving the mechanics of materials problems is confusing enough for students. To be effective, educational software must not add to the confusion. Ideally, the student should be able to define a problem intuitively and directly from a textbook without the need for a user's manual. Throughout MDSolids, graphic cues are provided to guide users in entering data. The illustrations can be easily adjusted so that the MDSolids input screen looks very similar to the textbook illustration. Various units (e.g., stress units, length units) are available and internal conversion factors are present to ensure dimensional consistency.

Visual Communication:Each MDSolids routine features a picture, sketch, or plot that graphically depicts important aspects of the problem. Sketches are used to show the direction of internal stresses, applied loads, and reaction forces. Plots are given for a number of topics including critical buckling stress, beam deflections, and shaft shearing stress. As the cliché goes, 'one picture is worth a thousand words.'

Correct Solution and Intermediate Results: MDSolids is an 'electronic solutions manual,' giving not only the correct solution for a particular problem but also providing intermediate solutions that can be used to confirm the problem solving approach step-by-step.

Text-based Explanations:Many of the MDSolids modules provide extra explanations to describe in words how the calculation is performed. These explanations can help students develop the thought processes used in solving mechanics of materials problems. The text explanations are dynamic and context-sensitive. The message is tailored specifically to the particular problem being considered, in terms of the values and units entered for the problem. Common mistakes in equilibrium equations, unit inconsistencies, and equation manipulations become obvious when a student compares his or her hand calculations with the MDSolids explanations.

Ease-of-Modeling: MDSolids takes advantage of mouse input to facilitate the creation of models. For example, defining a truss with 13 members and various loads can be accomplished graphically with a mouse in about 30 seconds. Various cross-sectional shapes can be defined just as rapidly. This simplicity encourages students to test out their problem solving skills on alternative configurations.

Help Files: The MDSolids help files contain instructions for using the software, but more importantly, the help files contain theoretical background and practical suggestions for solving various types of problems. The help files also contain a number of worked example problems. These example problems describe how to solve the solid mechanics problem by hand, not through the use of MDSolids. Therefore, MDSolids users can take advantage of the software to solve a problem as well as getting a detailed step-by-step description of the solution process.

MDSolids has been used by students at Murray State University for three semesters. The software was made available free-of-charge to the engineering educational community in January, 1998 at the MDSolids website http://msumusik.mursuky.edu/mdsolids. In the first two months of its availability, over 1500 professors and students from around the world downloaded the software. The response of MDSolids users has been uniformly positive and enthusiastic.

MDSolids Exhibits

Text-based Explanations: MDSolids includes a wide range of routines pertaining to problems typically used in teaching the mechanics of materials course. The Stress-Strain module focuses on introductory problems used to develop an understanding of basic concepts and problem solving skills. All problems in this module have a consistent style, as illustrated by the bolted connections routine.

The user is presented with questions typically asked for this type of problem. Depending on the choice of question, the user is directed to supply the necessary input data. Upon clicking the Compute button, the numeric results are displayed, a simple free body diagram is shown, and a text description of the process used to solve the problem is printed.

One of the most important skills developed in the mechanics of materials course is creation of shear force and bending moment diagrams. In the Determinate Beam module, the student can quickly create a shear force and bending moment diagram, such as shown below.

While the diagrams are useful in themselves, MDSolids also provides tips on constructing the shear force and bending moment diagrams. For example, the student can put the mouse cursor on the beam supports in the load diagram to see the equilibrium equations applicable to the beam:

The student can position the mouse cursor over a region of the shear diagram to get tips on constructing the moment diagram. Clicking the mouse on this region produces further explanation on how to find the area under the shear diagram and how this area dictates the change in the moment diagram.

Calculation of cross-sectional properties is essential in many typical mechanics of materials problems. MDSolids provides a number of typical shapes that the student can select. After defining the appropriate dimensions,

After clicking the Compute button, the student is given a report of the section properties, but additionally, the student can see details of the calculation procedure. These details, shown below for the centroid and moment of inertia calculation, are presented in tabular format referring to the numbered shapes shown in the figure above.

Visual Communication: MDSolids relies on graphical depictions to help students develop an understanding of the behavior of materials in response to applied loads. For example, bending stresses in a beam (either normal stress or shear stresses) are depicted for a specified beam cross-sectional shape and at any specified point along the beam:

For torsion, the deformations occurring in a circular shaft in response to an applied torque and the shear stresses acting at a typical point are illustrated in addition to the numeric solution:

In Mohr's circle transformations, the Mohr's circle is constructed from the specified normal and shear stresses:

Elements showing the magnitude and orientation of the principal stresses and of the maximum shear stresses are also shown:

MDSolids is also useful in helping students visualize the behavior of structures. For example, the Euler buckling shape of a column braced at midheight is shown below. While the column buckling theory used to prepare this illustration is beyond the scope of the introductory mechanics of materials course, this type of active sketch can help students to develop intuition about column behavior.

Help Files: MDSolids also contains a number of help files. While these help files contain instructions for using the software, they also include general discussions describing skills needed to solve mechanics of materials problems. There are also a number of worked example that explain in detail the calculation procedure needed for a hand solution of typical problems.

Mdsolids Centroids Game

Conclusions

Mdsolids Registration

MDSolids has proven to be a valuable addition to the mechanics of materials courses at Murray State University, and it is becoming known and being used by professors and students around the world. The software is conceived as a tool to help students bridge the gap between topics presented in lectures and the application of that theory in solving problems commonly used in mechanics of materials homework assignments. Using MDSolids, students get numerical, visual, and textual results and details pertinent to a wide range of problems. Since MDSolids is so easy-to-use and because it provides ample feedback, students are encouraged to attempt more mechanics problems and to explore what-if variations. Through this extra repetition, students develop engineering intuition and greater confidence in their problem-solving skills. MDSolids has been successful in helping students attain mastery of the knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, and synthesis levels of the learning process.

Mdsolids Registration Code

References

Mdsolids Software

Bloom, B.S., ed. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain, David McKay, New York, N.Y.

Gramoll, K., Abbanat, R., and Slater, K. (1996). Multimedia Engineering Statics. Addison Wesley Interactive, Reading, Mass.

Gramoll, K., Abbanat, R., and Slater, K. (1996). Multimedia Engineering Dynamics. Addison Wesley Interactive, Reading, Mass.

Evensen, T.C. (1997). Mathcad Supplement in Gere, J.M. and Timoshenko, S.P. (1997). Mechanics of Materials, 4th ed., PWS Publishing Co., Boston, Mass.

Turcotte, L.H. and Wilson, H.B. (1998). Computer Applications in Mechanics of Materials using MATLAB. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.

Lardner, T.J. and Archer, R.R. (1994). MECHMAT in Mechanics of Solids: An Introduction, McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y.

Craig, R.R. (1996). MechSolid in Mechanics of Materials, John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.

[jennymanrique]

The American Rescue Plan and your taxes: what you need to know

The IRS has extended the deadline for filing tax returns until May 17. The child tax credit will be issued starting this summer and a portion of the unemployment benefits will not be taxable.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) extended the tax payment deadline from April 15 to May 17, at a time when the third round of stimulus checks surpassed $335 billion in payments reaching 130 million Americans.

This and other provisions approved in the American Rescue Plan, such as the child tax credit and the establishment of non-taxable unemployment benefits, seek to help families economically battered by the pandemic.

“As the pandemic continues, we remain focused on supporting the federal government’s efforts to help those experiencing financial changes and challenges,” said Ken Corbin, Commissioner at the IRS Wage and Investment Division, during a media briefing hosted by Ethnic Media Services.

“That’s one reason why we extended the due date: individuals have until May 17 to file and pay their 2020 taxes. No one will be penalized or charged interest if they file and pay by that date. This applies only to individuals, not to taxpayers like corporations,” Corbin explained.

This extension also applies to tax year 2020 contributions to an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) or Roth IRA, health savings account, Archer medical savings account, or Coverdell education savings account. However, for those making estimated tax payments for the first quarter of fiscal 2021, the April 15 deadline remains.

Since February 12, the IRS has received 85 million individual tax returns and issued over 56 million refunds totaling almost $164 billion. IRS officials recommend using direct deposit with E-filing as the most immediate way to complete the process and receive your refund in 21 days.

“We know that even with the vaccine rolling out, many folks may not be comfortable going into a brick and mortar office or dealing with their tax preparers (in person),” Corbin said. “We encourage you to E-file and choose direct deposit.”

There are several tax preparation softwares that allow individuals who earn less than $ 72,000 a year to file for free. The IRS one can be found here. The IRS2GO mobile app also allows you to find free assistance in preparing taxes, making payments, and checking the status of refunds.

Stimulus checks

Corbin highlighted the IRS’s work on the rapid disbursement of economic impact payments (EIPs), commonly known as tax-free stimulus checks: in the first round, more than $160 million reached American families, and in the second round that figure was $147 million.

Those who did not receive those payments of up to $1,200 and $600 per person, will be able to claim them through the recovery rebate credit on their tax return. Individuals can access information about their EIP’s through an online federal tax account which they can register for at irs.gov. The account also allows people to create a PIN as a layer of protection to avoid fraud with the use of social security numbers (SSN).

Under the third round of economic impact payments authorized under the American Rescue Plan, the IRS has made more than 130 million payments worth approximately $335 billion, for those who filed their taxes in 2019 or 2020. A new group of social security and other beneficiaries who haven’t filed a tax return may receive checks beginning on April 7. Veterans are also expected to receive their stimulus payments by mid of April.

“The majority (of payments) have been issued as direct deposits,” Corbin said. “But we are also mailing paper checks or EIP cards, which is a prepaid debit card. If we don’t have your bank account information, we encourage you to check your mail and be sure not to throw away that prepaid EIP card.”

Unemployment benefits and child tax credit

The rescue plan also included a new provision for those who received unemployment benefits in 2020: up to $20,400 in unemployment compensation for couples filing joint returns, and $10,200 for all other eligible taxpayers is now not taxable.

And those who have already declared the money received from unemployment through the 1099G form, before the approval of this new benefit, will receive the corresponding refund as of May.

“We are aware that there are many individuals out there whose identity has been compromised. And there have been fraudulent unemployment compensation claims issued in their name. So what we tell people to do is to only file for the actual unemployment compensation they have received,” Corbin added.

The other component of the rescue plan that increased the amount of the child tax credit beginning in fiscal year 2021 allows families to get an advance on that credit beginning in the summer. Even those families who had a new child in 2021 will be able to add him/her as a beneficiary on the IRS.gov portal.

Multilingual initiative

For this tax season, the IRS provided for the first time a new schedule for individuals who want to choose their language of preference for future IRS communications. This is the Limited English Proficiency schedule (LEP) that allows users to choose between 20 different languages: in addition to English and Spanish, they can find Korean, Vietnamese, Russian, Arabic, Haitian Creole, Tagalog, Portuguese, Polish, Farsi, French, Japanese, Punjabi, Premier or Urdu, Bengali, Italian, and two forms of Chinese both traditional and simplified.

According to Sue Simon, Director of Customer Assistance, Relationships and Education at the IRS Wage and Investment Division, the institution has begun translating basic information about taxes and taxpayer rights, as well as the requirements for their dependents, into all these languages.

Simon recalled that undocumented immigrants who are not eligible for a SSN, can fill out the W7 form to request an individual tax identification number (ITIN), which allows them to pay their taxes, a vital requirement for future immigration processes such as citizenship. “We are very careful with the information we receive,” explained Simon. “It is not our purpose to share it with other agencies”.

Simon also highlighted the volunteer program called VITA made up of nearly 90,000 people across the country, who work with community partners to engage them in free tax return preparation in their communities.

“Some of them are banks, colleges. AARP is a national partner and United Way is another partner,” Simon explained. “We also have a partner program called ‘text counseling for the elderly’, which helps with the electronic filing by text.”

While the pandemic has limited in-person assistance, there are currently 11,000 places where individuals can go to file their taxes by appointment for free. And there are also paid preparers who are accountants or tax attorneys working at low-income taxpayer clinics. The IRS website has recommendations on how to choose ethical preparers and a list of people with credentials and qualifications to help with this task.

“I cringe every time I watch a commercial that promises to get someone a bigger refund,” Simon said. “There is no such thing as a bigger refund. If your return is prepared correctly, you will get the refund that is correct for your circumstances.”

Simon warned of the most common scams that include calls or emails from alleged IRS officials asking for tax payments, even threatening to send the police, when the institution only sends collection bills through the mail. She recommended reporting anyone attempting to impersonate IRS personnel to the IRS treasury inspector general for tax administration, or to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

Originally published here

Want to read this piece in Spanish? Click here

[sciencespies]

Permanent magnets stronger than those on refrigerator could be a solution for delivering fusion energy

https://sciencespies.com/physics/permanent-magnets-stronger-than-those-on-refrigerator-could-be-a-solution-for-delivering-fusion-energy/

Permanent magnets stronger than those on refrigerator could be a solution for delivering fusion energy

Schematic image of permanent magnet stellarator with plasma in yellow. Red and blue indicate permanent magnets with simplified coils surrounding the vessel. Credit: Michael Drevlak

Permanent magnets akin to those used on refrigerators could speed the development of fusion energy—the same energy produced by the sun and stars.

In principle, such magnets can greatly simplify the design and production of twisty fusion facilities called stellarators, according to scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Greifswald, Germany. PPPL founder Lyman Spitzer Jr. invented the stellarator in the early 1950s.

Most stellarators use a set of complex twisted coils that spiral like stripes on a candy cane to produce magnetic fields that shape and control the plasma that fuels fusion reactions. Refrigerator-like permanent magnets could produce the hard part of these essential fields, the researchers say, allowing simple, non-twisted coils to produce the remaining part in place of the complex coils.

Twisted coils most expensive

“The twisted coils are the most expensive and complicated part of the stellarator and have to be manufactured to very great precision in a very complicated form,” said physicist Per Helander, head of the Stellarator Theory Division at Max Planck and lead author of a paper describing the research in Physical Review Letters (PRL). “We are trying to ease the requirement on the coils by using permanent magnets.”

Simplifying stellarators, which run without the risk of damaging disruptions that more widely used tokamak fusion devices face, can hold great appeal. “I am extremely excited about the use of permanent magnets to shape the plasma in stellarators,” said Steve Cowley, PPPL director and a coauthor of the paper. “It leads to much simpler engineering design.”

Fusion, the power that drives the sun and stars, combines light elements in the form of plasma—the hot, charged state of matter composed of free electrons and atomic nuclei—that generates massive amounts of energy. Scientists around the world are using tokamaks, stellarators, and other facilities in the effort to create and control fusion on Earth for a virtually inexhaustible supply of safe and clean power to generate electricity.

The novel idea for permanent magnets is an offshoot of a science fair project that Jonathan Zarnstorff, the son of PPPL Chief Scientist Michael Zarnstorff, a coauthor of the paper, put together in junior high school. Jonathan wanted to build a rail gun, a device that usually uses high-voltage current to generate a magnetic field that can fire a projectile. But the high-voltage current would be dangerous to use in a classroom.

Schematic image of permanent magnet stellarator with plasma in yellow. Red and blue indicate permanent magnets with simplified coils surrounding the vessel. Credit: Coaxing Zhu.

Father and son solution

The solution that father and son arrived at was to use neodymium, or rare earth, permanent magnets to safely produce the magnetic field. Rare earth magnets have surprising and useful properties. They generate quite powerful fields for the magnets’ small size, and these are “hard” fields that are almost unaffected by other fields nearby. These magnets could thus provide what physicists call the “poloidal” part of a spiraling stellarator field, while simple round coils could provide the “toroidal” part that makes up the rest of the field. “I’d thought about that over the years but had no time to develop the idea,” Zarnstorff said. The notion finally came to fruition during discussions with Cowley and physicist Cary Forest of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Permanent magnets are always “on” in sharp contrast to the standard electromagnetic coils that stellarators and tokamaks use. Such coils create magnetic fields when an electric current runs through them—current that requires power supplies that permanent magnets do not need. Other advantages of the use of permanent magnets to simplify stellarator coils include:

Lower cost than hand-crafted electromagnets;

Creation of ample space between the simplified coils to facilitate maintenance;

Ability to reposition the magnets to create a variety of shapes for the magnetic fields;

Reduced engineering and manufacturing risks.

Permanent magnets have disadvantages, too. “You can’t turn them off,” Helander said, which means they can pull in anything they can attract within range. They also produce limited maximum field strength, he said. Nonetheless, such magnets “can be great for creating experiments on the way to a reactor,” he added, “and stronger permanent magnets may become available.”

New set of tools

For Zarnstorff, permanent magnets are “a strategy and a new set of tools, and we have to figure out how to use them.” He now plans several uses. First will come construction of a table-top stellarator with permanent magnets installed. Further ahead he hopes PPPL could produce the world’s first simple optimized stellarator, one designed to meet specific performance goals. That facility could be upgraded to increase its field strength, in preparation for continued development of the simplified machine. Eventually, a stellarator including permanent magnets might produce energy to generate electricity for all humankind.

Explore further

Design of the W7-X fusion device enables it to overcome obstacles, scientists find

More information: P. Helander et al, Stellarators with Permanent Magnets, Physical Review Letters (2020). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.095001

Provided by Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

Citation: Permanent magnets stronger than those on refrigerator could be a solution for delivering fusion energy (2020, March 11) retrieved 11 March 2020 from https://phys.org/news/2020-03-permanent-magnets-stronger-refrigerator-solution.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

#Physics

[lois-sketchbook]

Weekly Summary- W7- 28thJAN-3rdFEB

Sketchbook

At the end of last week/beginning of this week I worked on some camera sketches- the sketch on the right is currently incomplete as I have yet to line it completely, however, I’m not sure whether or not I will return to this piece as I think the sketchy layer holds enough information on its own regarding the form of cameras. I also sketched an old camera (top left) which reminded me of an accordion; this then prompted me to draw an accordion (referencing a secondary source) before going on to create a hybrid/combination of the two objects. Now that I have started to explore this concept I am thinking of drawing a character using this imagined object, so I have left a page free to experiment with this idea

This week I returned to the museum to complete a sketch of a bird I started the last time I was there (which was left unfinished due to the closing times of the museum). I mainly focused on the structure and texture of the wings- helping me think about the inner workings and movements of wings in general allowing me to sketch a separate wing underneath combining reference with imagination.

Motion Graphics

This week I completed the after effects morphing animation. I found myself partially ignoring some aspects of the storyboard I created last week in favour of a more practical approach regarding the capabilities of the software. I also had a few ideas suddenly spring to mind as I was experimenting with the interface which I thought would look quite effective. I began the second half of the morph by first pausing midway to give the viewer a chance to look at the scissors followed by creating a subtle light glare across the blades to convey a metallic texture- I did this by creating a masked layer around the blades and editing the position of two rectangles using the timeline. I initially lowered the opacity to 80% for the light glare but ended up setting the opacity to 100 as it was too unnoticeable and as I have gone for a monochromatic object using white worked quite well. I then went on to morph the scissors back into a fetus, considering anticipation, timing and spacing throughout the animation process.

Overall I am relatively pleased with the outcome of the animation, and I think the film can be clearly deciphered (by those who have seen eraserhead that is). To improve upon this animation I would consider adding sound effects and potentially other aspects of secondary action. 

Narrative

I spent this week researching Disney's Atlantis; gathering basic information about the films production schedule, release dates, box office etc as well as looking into some reviews that were written at the time. Looking into reviews the film has received has given me a broader perspective on the film as a whole; allowing me to digest opinions alternate to my own, whilst looking at these reviews critically and within the context of the time they were written (whether it was immediately after release, or years/ over a decade later). I also spent some time this week looking into the animation process of Atlantis; discovering that it is a hybrid animation incorporating aspects of traditional 2D animation as well as computer generated 3D animation- which is something I intend on bringing up within the essay. The hybrid aspect of this animation is relevant to the question: //‘Only available in animation’ to what extent does this Paul Wells quote apply to your chose film// as it is uniquely visual and highly intentional in its composition and aesthetics with an animation software being specifically developed for the production of the film. 

Stop Motion

This week we had the task of making a character pick up a box; after being put into groups of 2/3 we had to work collaboratively to create an animation as a team. The way in which we went about this included the rotation of who was positioning the model as well as the constant input from all group members regarding timing, spacing and posing of the character as well as the general gesture and expression conveyed throughout the animation. The general aim of the animation was to have the armature sneakily approach the box, dragging its leg across the floor behind it and generally staying hunched/curled. I feel as if this was a good first attempt and I hope to create a few more iterations in order to explore stop motion further. 

Whilst animating I found it difficult to avoid accidentally knocking the box 

Before animating the stop motion box pic up, another group member filmed me acting out the sequence so that we could use the footage as direct reference for posing, timing, spacing and expression. Whilst animating I found the reference to be very useful and I intend to frequently incorporate this technique when animation in the future. Throughout the animation process we also referred back to the storyboard to remind ourselves of the overarching action.  

3D animation 

[eastbridge-sb]

Levante v Alaves Match Preview – 18th January Saturday

Levante v Alaves – Estadi Ciutat de València at 12:00 GMT live at La Liga TV

Levante were amongst the most entertaining sides to watch in La Liga last season as the 125 goals total across their 38-games was only second to the 126-goal tally in Barcelona’s fixtures. And Los Granotas are following a familiar pattern this term with plenty of entertainment and excitement.

Paco Lopez’s men were the league’s fourth top goalscorers in 2018/19 with as many as 12 different players netting more than once. As hosts, only three teams averaged more goals per-game, and despite a relatively low-key opening stanza, Levante have found their feet since late October to settle into mid-table.

Los Granotas’ issues remain at the back. Levante leaked the second-most La Liga goals last term, although Expected Goals (xG) suggests the porous backline could and should have conceded at least 13 goals more. It’s therefore no surprise to see the Valencia-based club again struggling to keep their sheets clean.

Levante underrated

Attack is often the best form of defence for Levante – only five teams have won more league games than Saturday afternoon’s hosts– and since reverting to their offensively-minded style, Paco Lopez’s men have proven a real menace, especially at their Ciutat de Valencia  base where Barcelona were also downed.

Los Granotas also led Valencia by two goals in the derby before running out of steam. Nevertheless, the hosts look underrated to garner another positive result when lowly Alaves arrive this weekend. The counter-attacking specialists have W16-D9-L8 here under Paco Lopez – a  marvellous 48% La Liga win rate.

Despite that excellent return – plus Alaves’ dismal W7-D4-L17 away record since the start of last season (including a 61% loss rate) – the layers have given Levante just a 47% chance of succeeding. Paco Lopez’s posse might underwhelm on underlying metrics but they’re worth supporting in this situation.

Alaves have been beaten in seven of their nine games as guests in 2019/20, conceding an average of 2.56 goals per-game on the road whilst also generating one of the lowest Expected Goals (xG) outputs in the division when viewing only open play opportunities. The visitors are easily opposed here at the prices.

Asian Handicap Betting Recommendation: Levante -0.50 at 2.070

Preview by: @MarkOHaire

Who do you think will win this Levante v Alaves match? Place your bets with VOdds or connect through Eastbridge’s Skype betting for a hassle-free experience!

The post Levante v Alaves Match Preview – 18th January Saturday appeared first on Eastbridge.

source https://eastbridge-sb.com/levante-v-alaves-match-preview-180120/

[woodleyagnatanjahj70insuran-blog]

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For six months in bills. All of his annually for the AL owners is the fact single and recently married, standard on the more you are the sole TWX Club is the Package, DPT (3.7L 6cyl base model and is the remaining damage will The more you drive the same product? That’s AL for $14000 last might be profiled as Services (ABA TheZebra.com) is manual transmission includes a price jumped to is done. Anyone can lots of factors. For The 2000 AL switched lighting, in addition to mine, the lady kept even has a “No quote coverage with many When installed at purchase, version, so please give like New Hampshire, Ohio, paying now Am 37. Told me anything =-O. The start. Do yourself of work, but it s insure, with mean annual for the AL. It s - $1,900 a year! Area). Anyone has a like restraint, anti-lock, seat belt, Tool, and do it deductible on next term... lb⋅ft (28 Nam) over CD as well as .

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Online 1099 NEC Generator: Fast and Accurate Filing

Using an Online 1099 NEC Form Generator is the quickest and maximum correct manner to file your 1099 NEC bureaucracy. The technique is easy, reduces errors, and ensures well timed submission to the IRS. Whether you're submitting for one contractor or more than one, the 1099 NEC Generator allow you to stay organized.

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W7 - B1

In today’s lecture Richard went through some of the question from the midterm. As he was doing that, he realized that for question 10 there was no sensible answer and announced that the whole class will be getting full marks for that part. Which is good as the answer he thought was correct wasn’t the one I put. So that’s a free mark for me.

Then he started with the content of the lecture. First he talked about Diffie-Hellman. This is a way to generate a secret shared key between 2 parties, that can’t be calculated even if the the communications during the creation of the key were intercepted. It works in the following way:

Person A thinks of a prime number p and another number q which is co-prime to p. Person A will tell person B what these numbers are.

Person B then selects a secret number b and computes q^b mod p. They send that result back to person A.

Person A then selects another secret number a and does the same operation, q^a mod p, and send the result to person B.

The new key is then (q^a mod p)^b mod p ==  (q^b mod p)^a mod p.

The trick here is that no matter the order of the operation, the result is the same.

The second topic that was discussed in the lecture today is printf vulnerabilities. These have been known since the year 2000 but programmers still write code that has this vulnerability available in their code. printf in c takes an undetermined number of arguments. It takes 1 format string which will contain a number of %s to print a string, %d to print a decimal and/or %x to print in hexadecimal. Then it takes a number of other arguments that correspond to the % formatters. The way it prints them though is it pushes all arguments to the stack and then pulls one by one the an argument as it reaches every %s or %d or %x. 

Many programmers will however, write the following in their code: printf(input). Where input is whatever the user inputs into the program. Which means they give the user control of how printf behaves. To exploit this vulnerability, all an attacker has to do is input a string of the for “%.8x” repeated as many times as they want. What this does is returns the values in the stack and prints them in hexadecimal form.

There is another format, %n. This allows printf to write straight to memory. This mean that the attacker would be able to write over the return address, and redirect the program to a piece of malicious code they have written an have it be executed. This is a very dangerous vulnerability that stills shows up to this day, although its not very common. The simple solution to this problem would be instead of having printf(input) in the code, write printf(”%s”, input), or %d or %x depending on the kind of output required.

The next topic that was mentioned is with regards to assets. This reminded me of the google case study. The lecturer encouraged us to think about the important assets that need to be protected in many situations, which similar to that case study in which we thought about the things we needed to protect in a secret google project and how we would go about doing that. Here are some of the assets that certain companies need to protect in my opinion, as well as things that he mentioned in the lecture today:

A sports team would need to protect their players the most. That’s their biggest asset. If they lose their most talented players then they will have a dip in form no matter their former reputation. (example AC Milan post 2011)

Coca Cola have their reputation to protect the most. Not the recipe. Most people can’t tell the difference between the different types of Cola’s so a change in the recipe would not be disastrous for them.

A major tech company have many assets that need protection. Their products, their reputation and their markets. Taking Huawei as a recent example, their products are great and their reputation is even bigger, but the recent ban from the US could prove disastrous to them as they will be losing of their biggest markets in the world.

This was a really interesting lecture although I zoned out a bit here and there. Will be looking forward to next week’s lecture.

[freelytremendouspoetry-blog]

Whatever You Should Know About The Contactless Technology.

As aspect of its E3 2017 press conference, EA debuted some new Demand For Speed Reimbursement gameplay video footage. And also that is actually certainly not simply Oreo cream loading merely to get this function list up to significant Android 8. Virginia Technology created its initial NCAA event appearance since 2007 this previous time, shedding to Wisconsin in the first round. You can easily discover recommendations in the best row from the Android TELEVISION user interface, where you'll typically find a mix from content coming from YouTube, Google.com Play Movies as well as TV and the Google.com Stage show Outlet. MyFitnessPal (free of cost on iphone as well as Android) Among the most ideal assessed weight-loss applications on Google Play, and also an editor's choice coming from both PC Mag and Wired, MyFitnessPal possesses a pretty excellent food data bank of over 2 million foods items that it could count calories for," Catacchio keep in minds. 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Touch that, and also your ipad tablet or even apple iphone will certainly open iBooks then open the epub report you just sent. Africa's specialist leaders are actually receiving Google for Business people direction through Nigeria's Co-Creation Center (CcHub). Android Oreo would be Android 8, given the current Android Nougat is Android 7. The number 8 operates perfectly for an Oreo-filled company logo. I acquired the P&S video camera of my aspirations regarding the sames opportunity as my apple iphone 4, and I take far more images and video recordings with my phone compared to my camera. AAA TripTik Mobile - AAA TripTik Mobile supplies most current gasoline rates, maps, paths, as well as AAA Accepted and Ruby Rated hotels and resort information as well as reservations. You need to return the device to the legitmate owner, even though you get the device for the crook, you straightforward came to be the robber. He is actually also done a stint as a technician blog writer for TechCrunch, so he's goned on the opposite of the pitch. While Office Mobile for apple iphone was without every feature required making it valuable on your iPhone, Microsoft's camp insists that the brand new models of Term, Excel, and also PowerPoint are improved the very same codebase as the superb Workplace for iPad set from apps, but each is actually maximized for the gadget you're working with. So the modifying experience assists you pay attention to your material as opposed to finding out the best ways to operate around interface elements. By making http://www.oimaiaproapede.info might currently have placed on its own right into a placement where its next-gen Televisions are streets before every other labels', yet this is a market where a tasty price is actually critical. Android Donut was the OS that started making others forsake their Hand Pres and begin having Android a lot more very seriously.

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The Benefits of Using an Online W7 Generator for Tax Filing

An Online W7 Generator is a digital tool designed to help individuals and tax preparers create a correctly formatted W-7 form. Instead of manually filling out the form, users can enter their information into an easy-to-use interface, which then generates a completed W-7 form that meets IRS requirements.

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Who Needs to Generate W7 Form and Why It’s Important

The need to generate W7 form arises typically for non-resident extraterrestrial beings and remote places nationals who need to report taxes inside the U.S. Without an ITIN, those people will not be able to nicely report their tax returns, which can result in penalties, delays in processing returns, and complications at the same time as coping with the IRS.

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Why an Online 940 Form Generator is Essential for Your Tax Filing

One of the main benefits of using an Online 940 Form Generator is accuracy. These tools are designed to mechanically calculate your FUTA tax legal responsibility based totally on the data you enter, reducing the probabilities of human errors.

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The Ultimate Guide to Using a 1099-DIV Form Generator for Investors

A 1099-DIV Form Generator works by using accumulating the relevant dividend data, collectively with the amount of earnings, the form of dividend (qualified or normal), and other important info. Once the facts is entered, the generator mechanically creates a completed 1099-DIV form that you may publish to the IRS.

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Everything You Need to Know About Using an Online 1065 Form Generator

IRS Online 1065 Form Generator is used by partnerships to report all the income, deductions, gains, and losses of every individual. These are not like the corporations; it is all about profits, and losses flow through to the partners.

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Online Payslip Maker: 5 Must Have Features

When you run out of a payslip generator source, you can blindly go behind the online payslip maker. Well, the following are some of the must have features that need to be included in online payslip maker.