#Frederick Beiser

[papillon-de-mai]

"Why read Hegel? It is a good question, one no Hegel scholar should shirk. After all, the burden of proof lies heavily on his or her shoulders. For Hegel's texts are not exactly exciting or enticing. Notoriously, they are written in some of the worst prose in the history of philosophy. Their language is dense, obscure and impenetrable. Reading Hegel is often a trying and exhausting experience, the intellectual equivalent of chewing gravel. 'And for what?' a prospective student might well ask. To avoid such an ordeal, he or she will be tempted to invoke the maxim of one of Hegel's old enemies whenever he lost patience with a tiresome book: 'Life is short!' [Footnote revealing that the enemy is Schopenhauer]"

— Frederick Beiser, from “Hegel”

[davidpotash]

Reasons Has Its Reason

How does one plump a 37-year-old philosophy book? How can one best recommend a scholarly study that demands close reading and is challenging for those without a solid understanding and appreciation of continental philosophy? It is no easy task, even though in so many ways, Frederick C. Beiser’s The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte is an academic page turner. It is that…

[newhistorybooks]

In this important new assessment of the Berlin antisemitism dispute, Frederick Beiser’s distinctive combination of philosophical and historical argument brings new insights to a nineteenth century controversy whose legacy continues to reverberate today.

[yorgunherakles]

modern insanlık tarihi ne kadar ilerlemiş olursa olsun, o hala felsefenin özel alanı ve ayrıcalığı olan "değer" sorunuyla ilgilenmiyordu.

frederick beiser - hegel'den sonra

[somnolentdesolation]

"The drama of cosmic death and decay in nature Mainlander also finds in history. Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel misunderstood history, he argues, when they saw it as a progression toward the creation of a moral world order. If we examine the development of human civilization from ancient Asia, Greece and Rome, we have to admit that it is a long history of steady decline and decay."

- Frederick C. Beiser, Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860-1900 (2016)

[johnvonwebber]

Nietzsche studies have become a virtual industry, an obsession that has taken attention away from other thinkers who were just as interesting philosophically and just as important historically. The enormous amount of emphasis on Nietzsche, compared to the virtual complete neglect of these other thinkers, reveals an astonishing lack of historical sense and philosophical sophistication. It is the task of future scholars to rectify such injustice.

Frederick C. Beiser, Weltschmerz 

[asfaltics]

an iota of the iodine Od

mistimed capture (detail; 90ºcw; inv; Michigan copy at archive.org) different presentation of same, at hathitrust from Gustav Theodor Fechner, Professor Schleiden und der Mond (Leipzig, 1856)

contents, as listed at title page ( link ): Erster Theil. Streben und Erfolg — Schleiden und die Pflanzenseele — Die Teleologie — Die Natur als Symbol des Geistes. Zweiter Theil. Schleiden und der Mond — Einfluß des Mondes auf die Witterung — Einfluß des Mondes auf Erdbeben und Erdmagnetismus — Das Od — Einfluß des Mondes auf das organische Leben der Erde — Atmosphäre und Bewohnbarkeit des Mondes.

(google) English : First part. Striving and success — Schleiden and the Plant Soul — The teleology — Nature as a symbol of the spirit. Second part. Schleiden and the moon — Influence of the moon on the weather — Influence of the moon on earthquakes and terrestrial magnetism — The Od [Odic Force, wikipedia] — Influence of the moon on the organic life of the earth — Atmosphere and habitability of the moon.

—

Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-87) wikipedia see also essay (by Frederick C. Beiser, 2020) at SEP (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) : link

—

“My writing career began with the proof that the moon is made of iodine. I was wrong, but not entirely; I only had to drop an iota of the iodine and I had it all.” p 271 (google English)  

[perennialessays]

Crisis and Critique

What is critical theory, and whence the notion of critique as a practical stance towards the world? Using these questions as a point of departure, this course takes critical theory as its field of inquiry. Part of the course will be devoted to investigating what critique is, starting with the etymological and conceptual affinity it shares with crisis: since the Enlightenment, so one line of argument goes, all grounds for knowledge are subject to criticism, which is understood to generate a sense of escalating historical crisis culminating in a radical renewal of the intellectual and social order. We will explore the efficacy of modern critical thought, and the concept of critique’s efficacy, by examining a series of attempts to narrate and amplify states of crisis – and correspondingly transform key concepts such as self, will, time, and world – in order to provoke a transformation of society. The other part of the course will be oriented towards understanding current critical movements as part of the Enlightenment legacy of critique, and therefore as studies in the practical implications of critical readings. Key positions in critical discourse will be discussed with reference to the socio-political conditions of their formation and in the context of their provenance in the history of philosophy, literature, and cultural theory. Required readings will include works by Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Husserl, Benjamin and others, with suggested readings and references drawn from a variety of source materials ranging from literary and philosophical texts to visual images, film, and architecture. You are invited to work on your individual interests with respect to the readings.

Week 1                                                                                              

Critique, krinein, crisis (Koselleck, Adorno)

 Required Reading

Reinhart Koselleck, “Crisis,” Journal of the History of Ideas 67.2 (2006), 357-400.

—, Chapters 7 and 8, Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1988 [German original, 1959].

Adorno and Horkheimer, "The Concept of Enlightenment," in Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. John Cumming (New York: Continuum, 1989), pp. 3-42.

 Recommended Reading

Michel Foucault, “What is Enlightenment?” in The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984: 32-50.

—, The Politics of Truth. New York: Semiotext(e), 1997.

Friedrich Hölderlin, “Nature and Art or Saturn and Jupiter,” in Hyperion and Selected Poems. Ed. by Eric Santner. Translated by Michael Hamburger. New York: Continuum, 1990: 150-151.

  Week 2          

Judgment and Imagination (Kant)

 Required Reading

Immanuel Kant, “Preface [A and B],” in Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998: 99-124.  

—, “Preface” and “Introduction,” in Critique of Practical Reason, in Practical Philosophy, trans. Mary Gregor (Cambridge UP, 1996), pp. 139-149.

—, §§1-5, 59-60 of Critique of the Power of Judgment, trans. Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews (Cambridge UP, 2000), pp. 89-96, 225-230.

—, “Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose,” in Kant: Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991 (2nd ed.): 41-53, 273.

—, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? [1784],” in Practical Philosophy. Translated by Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999: 11-22.

 Recommended Reading

Immanuel Kant, "Analytic of the Sublime," in Critique of Judgment. Translated by James Creed Meredith; revised, edited, and introduced by Nicholas Walker. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007: 75-164.

Theodor Adorno, Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (2001 [1959])

Henry Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism (2004)

Hannah Arendt, Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy (1992)

Geoffrey Bennington, “Kant’s Open Secret”, Theory, Culture and Society 28.7-8(2011): 26-40.

J.M. Bernstein, The Fate of Art: Aesthetic Alienation from Kant to Derrida and Adorno (1992)

Graham Bird, The Revolutionary Kant (2006)

Andrew Bowie, Aesthetics and Subjectivity: from Kant to Nietzsche (1990, 2003)

Howard Caygill, The Kant Dictionary (2000)

Ernst Cassirer, Kant's Life and Thought (1981)

Gilles Deleuze, Kant's Critical Philosophy (1984)

Will Dudley and Kristina Engelhard (eds.) Immanuel Kant: Key Concepts (2010)

Paul Guyer, Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment: Critical Essays (2003)

Martin Heidegger, Phenomenological Interpretation of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (1997)

Laura Hengehold, The BODY Problematic: Political Imagination in Kant and Foucault (2007)

Otfried Höffe, Immanuel Kant (1994)

Jean-François Lyotard, L’Enthousiasme: La critique kantienne de l’histoire. Paris: L’Éditions Galilée, 1986.

Rudolf Makkreel, Imagination and Interpretation in Kant: The Hermaneutic Import of the Critique of Judgment (1990)

Jean-Luc Nancy, A Finite Thinking (2003)

Andrea Rehberg and Rachel Jones (eds.), The Matter of Critique: Readings in Kant’s Philosophy (2000)

Philip Rothfield (ed.), Kant after Derrida (2003)

Rei Terada, Looking Away: Phenomenality and Dissatisfaction, Kant to Adorno (2009)

Yirmiahu Yovel, Kant and the Philosophy of History (1989)

  Week 3          

Recognition and the Other (Hegel)

 Required Reading

G.W.F. Hegel, “The Truth of Self-Certainty” and “Lordship and Bondage,” in The Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by Terry Pinkard. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2018: 102-116.

—, “The Art-Religion,” in The Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by Terry Pinkard. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2018: 403-430.

 Recommended Reading

G.W.F. Hegel, Introduction [§§1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8], in Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art. Translated by T.M. Knox. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975: 1-14; 22-55; 69-90.

Stuart Barnett (ed.), Hegel after Derrida (2001)

Frederick Beiser (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Hegel (1993)

Susan Buck-Morss, Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History (2009)

Rebecca Comay, Mourning Sickness: Hegel and the French Revolution (2011)

Rebecca Comay and John McCumber (eds.), Endings: Questions of Memory in Hegel and Heidegger (1999)

Eva Geulen, The End of Art: Readings in a Rumor after Hegel. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006.

Werner Hamacher, “(The End of Art with the Mask),” in Stuart Barnett (ed.), Hegel after Derrida. London and New York: Routledge, 1998: 105-130.

Werner Hamacher, “The Reader’s Supper: A Piece of Hegel,” trans. Timothy Bahti, diacritics 11.2 (1981): 52-67.

H.S. Harris, Hegel: Phenomenology and System (1995)

Stephen Houlgate, An Introduction to Hegel: Freedom, Truth and History (2005)

Stephen Houlgate, Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit (2013)

Fredric Jameson, The Hegel Variations (2010)

Alexandre Kojève, Introduction to the Reading of Hegel. Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980.

Terry Pinkard, Hegel: A Biography (2001)

  Week 4          

Revolution … (Marx)

 Required Reading

Karl Marx, “I: Feuerbach,” The German Ideology, in Collected Works vol. 5. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1976: 27-93.

Karl Marx, "Theses on Feuerbach," available online (http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm)  

 Week 5

... and Repetition (Marx)

 Required Reading

Karl Marx, “Preface” to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy [1859], in Collected Works vol. 29. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1976: 261-165.

—, “Postface to the Second Edition” and “Chapter 1: The Commodity,” in Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Trans. by B. Fowkes. London: Penguin, 1990: 95-103 and 125-177.

 Recommended Reading

Louis Althusser, For Marx (1969)

Hannah Arendt, “Karl Marx and the Tradition of Western Political Thought”, Social Research 69.2 (2002): 273-319.

Étienne Balibar, The Philosophy of Marx (1995, 2007)

Ernst Bloch, On Karl Marx (1971)

Andrew Chitty and Martin McIvor (eds.), Karl Marx and Contemporary Philosophy (2009)

Simon Choat, Marx Through Post-Structuralism: Lyotard, Derrida, Foucault, Deleuze (2010)

Jacques Derrida, Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International. New York and London: Routledge, 1994.

Werner Hamacher, “Lingua Amissa: The Messianism of Commodity-Language and Derrida’s Specters of Marx” (1999)

Jean Hyppolite, Studies on Marx and Hegel (1969)

Sarah Kofman, Camera Obscura: Of Ideology (1998)

Peter Singer, Marx: A Very Short Introduction (1980)

Michael Sprinker (ed.), Ghostly Demarcations: A Symposium on Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx (1999, 2008)

Moishe Postone, History and Heteronomy: Critical Essays (2009)

Moishe Postone, Time, Labor, and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx’s Critical Theory (1993)

Jacques Rancière, “The Concept of ‘Critique’ and the ‘Critique of Political Economy’ (from the 1844 Manuscript to Capital)”, Economy and Society 5.3 (1976): 352-376.

Tom Rockmore, Marx After Marxism: The Philosophy of Karl Marx (2002)

Gareth Stedman-Jones, Karl Marx: Greatness and Illusion (2016)

  Week 6

Tutorial Week

  Week 7          

Will to Becoming Otherwise (Nietzsche)

 Required Reading

Friedrich Nietzsche, "Preface" and "First Treatise," in On the Genealogy of Morality. Trans. by Maudemarie Clark and Alan J. Swensen. Indianopolis/Cambridge: Hackett, 1998: 1-33.

  Week 8                                                                                                                      

Ascetic Ideal and Eternal Return (Nietzsche)

 Required Reading

Friedrich Nietzsche, "Second Treatise" and "Third Treatise," in On the Genealogy of Morality. Trans. by Maudemarie Clark and Alan J. Swensen. Indianopolis/Cambridge: Hackett, 1998: 35-118.

Recommended Reading

Friedrich Nietzsche, §§341-342 of The Gay Science

Friedrich Nietzsche, “On Vision and Riddle” and “The Convalescent,” in Thus Spake Zarathustra III

Friedrich Nietzsche, “On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense,” in: The Birth of Tragedy and other writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Friedrich Nietzsche, “On the Uses and Abuses of History for Life,” in: Untimely Meditations. Trans. by R.J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Gilles Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.

Jacques Derrida, Spurs: Nietzsche’s Styles. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Michel Foucault, "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History," in Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews. Ed. by D. F. Bouchard. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977: 139-164.

R. Kevin Hill, Nietzsche’s Critiques: The Kantian Foundations of his Thought (2003)

Luce Irigaray, Marine Lover of Friedrich Nietzsche. Trans. by Gillian C. Gill. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.

Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Trans. by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.

Gianni Vattimo, The End of Modernity: Nihilism and Hermeneutics in Postmodern Culture. Trans. by Jon R. Snyder. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

Alenka Zupančič, The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two (2003)

  Week 9          

Repetition Compulsion (Freud)

 Required Reading

Sigmund Freud, “Beyond the Pleasure Principle” [excerpts], in Peter Gay (ed.), The Freud Reader. London: Vintage, 1995: 594-625.

Recommended Reading

Theodor Adorno, “Revisionist Psychoanalysis,” Philosophy and Social Criticism 40.3 (2014): 326-338.

Louis Althusser, Writings on Psychoanalysis: Freud and Lacan (1996)

Lauren Berlant, Desire/Love (2012)

Leo Bersani, The Freudian Body: Psychoanalysis and Art (1986)

Rebecca Comay, “Resistance and Repetition: Freud and Hegel,” Research in Phenomenology 45 (2015): 237-266.

Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression (1995)

Jacques Derrida, The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond (1987)

Mladen Dolar, “Freud and the Political,” Unbound 4.15 (2008): 15-29.

Sarah Kofman, Freud and Fiction (1991)

Jacques Lacan, “The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious; or Reason after Freud”, in Écrits: A Selection. Trans. by A. Sheridan. New York: Norton, 1977: 146-175.

Catherine Malabou, “Plasticity and Elasticity in Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle.” Diacritics 37.4 (2007): 78-85.

Jean-Luc Nancy, "System of (Kantian) Pleasure (With a Freudian Postscript)," in Kant after Derrida. Ed. by Phil Rothfield. Manchester: Clinamen Press, 2003: 127-141.

Angus Nicholls and Martin Liebscher (eds.), Thinking the Unconscious: Nineteenth-Century German Thought (2010)

Charles Sheperdson, Vital Signs: Nature, Culture, Psychoanalysis (2000)

Samuel Weber, The Legend of Freud. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000.

Alenka Zupančič, Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan. London: Verso, 2012 [reprint].

  Week 10        

Crisis of European Humankind (Husserl)

 Required Reading

Edmund Husserl, §§1-7 and §§10-21, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Trans. by David Carr. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970: 2-18; 60-84.

Recommended Reading

Edmund Husserl, “Philosophy and the Crisis of European Humanity [Vienna Lecture],” in The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Trans. by David Carr. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970: 269-299.

Jacques Derrida, The Other Heading: Reflections on Today’s Europe. Trans. by Pascale Anne Brault and Michael B. Naas. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992: 4-83.

Paul de Man, “Criticism and Crisis,” in Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971: 3-19.

James Dodd, Crisis and Reflection: An Essay on Husserl’s Crisis of the European Sciences (2004)

Burt C. Hopkins, The Philosophy of Husserl (2011)

David Hyder and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Science and the Life-World: Essays on Husserl’s Crisis of European Sciences (2010)

Leonard Lawlor, Derrida and Husserl: The Basic Problem of Phenomenology (2002)

Dermot Moran, The Husserl Dictionary (2012)

Paul Valéry, "Notes on the Greatness and Decline of Europe” and “The European,” in History and Politics. Trans. Denise Folliot and Jackson Matthews. New York: Bollingen, 1962: 228; 311-12.

David Woodruff Smith, Husserl (2007)

Barry Smith and David Woodruff Smith (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Husserl (1995)

  Week 11        

Crisis-Proof Experience (Benjamin)

 Required Reading

Walter Benjamin, “On Some Motifs in Baudelaire,” in Selected Writings vol. 4. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2003: 313-355.

 Recommended Reading

Walter Benjamin, "Experience and Poverty"

—, "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproducibility”

—, “Theses on the Concept of History”

—, “Epistemo-Critical Prologue,” in The Origin of German Tragic Drama. Trans. by John Osborne. London and New York: Verso, 2003: 27-56.

—, “Convolute J,” The Arcades Project

—, The Writer of Modern Life: Essays on Charles Baudelaire (2006)

Benjamin and Theodor Adorno, “Exchange with Theodor W. Adorno on ‘The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire,” in Benjamin, Selected Writings vol. 4 (1999).

Charles Baudelaire, The Flowers of Evil; The Painter of Modern Life

Ian Balfour, “Reversal, Quotation (Benjamin’s History)”, Modern Language Notes 106.3 (1991): 622-647.

Eduardo Cadava, Words of Light: Theses on the Photography of History (1997)

Tom Gunning, “The Exterior as Intérieur: Benjamin’s Optical Detective,” boundary 2 30.1 (2003).

Werner Hamacher, “Now: Benjamin on Historical Time” (2001; 2005)

General Background

Julian Wolfreys (ed.), Modern European Criticism and Theory: A Critical Guide (2006) Simon Critchley, Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction (2001) Terry Pinkard, German Philosophy 1760-1860: The Legacy of Idealism (2002)

Andrew Bowie, Introduction to German Philosophy: From Kant to Habermas (2003)

Kai Hammermeister, The German Aesthetic Tradition (2002) Gary Gutting, French Philosophy in the Twentieth Century (2001)

Eric Matthews, Twentieth-Century French Philosophy (1996)

Jonathan Simons (ed.), From Kant to Lévi-Strauss: The Background to Contemporary Critical Theory (2002)

Learning Outcomes

-       You will have a grasp of the broad trends in the development of critical theory.

-       You will have a good understanding of how different modern philosophical traditions from German Idealism to Phenomenology inform the different strains of critical theory.

-       You will be able to expound and analyse the ways in which a range of different writers and tendencies in the history of modern thought conceive of the specificity of critique.

-       You will have a sound grasp of the primary and secondary literatures in critical theory, both on general issues and specific thinkers or schools.

-       You will be able to use the ideas and texts explored in the module to inform your readings in critical theoretical texts.

 Assessment Criteria

-       Students should show a clear command of how their chosen thinker(s) and texts relate to the broader trajectories of critical theory.

-       Students should show a detailed critical knowledge of at least two of the module’s key thinkers or theoretical tendencies.

-       Students should show a knowledge and capacity to use a good range of secondary literature on both general issues in the field and on the specific thinkers and texts they address.

-       Students should be able to read the relevant texts from both critical and genealogical perspectives.

-       Students should demonstrate their capacity to develop a distinctive and coherent interpretative and analytical perspective on their chosen subject.

[perkwunos]

Yeah I’m the player character. You are just the spooky wizard I go to with questions. Do you have any opinions on Frederick C. Beiser?

No idk him but it's cool he was born in Pittsburgh

[aa05150]

from Frederick C. Beiser: After Hegel: German Philosophy, 1840–1900

[ao3feed-stormpilot]

Weltschmerz

by sapphistication

"Weltschmerz" (n.) - "a mood of weariness or sadness about life arising from the acute awareness of evil and suffering" - Frederick C. Beiser

“I just,” Finn continued after a while, sounding defeated. “I just don’t see how I have the right to be happy sometimes when there are just so many beings out there who are suffering. How am I allowed to be here, be with you, when I should be out there and helping them.”

(Where Poe reminds Finn of the Light that can be found in the Darkness.)

Words: 2116, Chapters: 1/1, Language: English

Fandoms: Star Wars Sequel Trilogy

Rating: Teen And Up Audiences

Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply

Categories: M/M

Characters: Poe Dameron, Finn (Star Wars)

Relationships: Poe Dameron/Finn

Additional Tags: Emotional Hurt/Comfort, Angst with a Happy Ending, Finn has a serious case of Weltschmerz, Poe is here to make everything better

read it on the AO3 at https://ift.tt/3gupBxl

[papillon-de-mai]

“The most intense suffering, even insanity, arises because the self is divided within itself [Julius Bahnsen:] ‘willing what it does not will and not willing what it wills.'"

— Frederick Beiser, from "Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860-1900"

[openlyandfreely]

Who Is a Continental Philosopher? 5 APRIL 2011 / DAVID AUERBACH / 1 COMMENT In the debate over continental philosophy a few posts back, there was some question as to which philosophers fell under the rubric of continental philosophy. In the eyes of many observers, indeed, a certain strain of French thought has come to stand for the entire field. Both positive and negative attention have been focused around Derrida, Lacan, Foucault, etc., to the exclusion of many, many others. So I was glancing through the Blackwell Companion to Continental Philosophy (1998) on Google Books tonight, edited by Levinas evangelist and Leiter nemesis Simon Critchley. Even Critchley and co-editor William Schroeder relegate that French strain to just one corner of a large tradition, and most of the names are far less contentious. Rather than trying to answer what continental philosophy is, I think it’s better just to look at these names to get a sense of what the field encompasses. Part I: The Kantian Legacy:. 1. The Context and Problematic of Post Kantian Philosophy: Frederick C. Beiser (University of Indiana, Bloomington). 2. Kant: Robert B. Pippin (University of Chicago). 3. Fichte: Ludwig Siep (Universitat Munster). 4. Early German Romanticism: Friedrich Schlegel and Novalis: Ernst Behler (University of Washington, Seattle). 5. Schelling: Jean Francois Courtine (Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris). 6. Hegel: Stephen Houlgate (University of Warwick). Part II: Overturning The Tradition: . 7. Feuerbach and the Young Hegelians: Lawrence S. Stepelevich (Villanova University). 8. Marx: Michel Henry (University of Montpellier III). 9. Kierkegaard: Merold Westphal (Fordham University). 10. Schopenhauer: Robert Rethy (Xavier University). 11. Nietzsche: Charles E. Scott (Pennsylvania State University). 12. Freud: John Deigh (Northwestern University). 13. Bergson: Pete A. Y. Gunter (North Texas State University). Part III: The Phenomenological Breakthrough:. 14. Neo Kantianism: Steven Galt Crowell (Rice University). 15. Husserl: Rudolf Bernet (Louvain Catholic University). 16. Scheler: Manfred S. Frings (The Max Scheler Archives, Des Plaimes). 17. Jaspers: Kurt Salamun (University of Graz). 18. Heidegger: John D. Caputo (Villanova University). Part IV: Phenomenology, Hegelianism and Anti Hegelianism in France:. 19. Kojeve: Stanley Rosen (Boston University). 20. Levinas: Hent De Vries (University of Amsterdam). 21. Sartre: Thomas R. Flynn (Emory University). 22. De Beauvoir: Kate Fullbrook (University of the West of England) and Edward Fullbrook (freelance writer). 23. Merleau Ponty: Bernhard Waldenfelds (Ruhr Universitat Bochum). 24. Bataille: Robert Sasso (University of Nice). 25. Blanchot: Paul Davies (University of Sussex). Part V: Religion Without The Limits of Reason:. 26. Franz Rosenzweig: Paul Mendes Flohr (Hebrew University). 27. Martin Buber: Maurice Friedman (San Diego State University). 28. Marcel: Philip Stratton Lake (Keele University). Part VI: Three Generations of Critical Theory:. 29. Benjamin: Rebecca Comay (University of Toronto). 30. Horkheimer: Gunzelin Schmidt Noerr (Frankfurt am Main). 31. Adorno: Hauke Brunkhorst (Frankfurt am Main). 32. Bloch: Hans Dieter Bahr (University of Vienna). 33. Marcuse: Douglas Kellner (University of Texas at Austin). 34. Habermas: Thomas McCarthy (Northwestern University). 35. Third Generation Critical Theory: Max Pensky. (SUNY, Binghampton). Part VII: Hermeneutics:. 36. Schleiermacher: Ben Vedder (University of Tilburg). 37. Dilthey: Rudolf A. Makkreel (Emory University). 38. Gadamer: Dennis J. Schmidt (Villanova University). 39. Ricoeur: Richard Kearney (University College, Dublin). Part VIII: Continental Political Philosophy:. 40. Lukacs: Gyorgy Markus (University of Sydney). 41. Gramsci: Ernesto Laclau (University of Essex). 42. Schmitt: G. L. Ulmen (Telos Press Ltd). 43. Arendt: Robert Bernasconi (Memphis State University). 44. Lefort: Bernard Flynn (Empire State College, SUNY). 45. Castoriadis: Fabio Ciaramelli (University of Naples). Part IX: Structuralism and After: 46. Levi-Strauss: Marcel Henaff (UCSD, California). 47. Lacan: William J. Richardson (Boston College). 48. Althusser: Jacques Ranciere (University of Paris VIII). 49. Foucault: Paul Patton (University of Sydney). 50. Derrida: Geoffrey Bennington (University of Sussex). 51. Deleuze: Brian Massumi (McGill University). 52. Lyotard: Jacob Rogozinski (University of Paris VIII). 53. Baudrillard: Mike Gane (Loughborough University). 54. Irigaray: Tina Chanter (Memphis State University). 55. Kristeva: Kelly Oliver (University of Texas at Austin). 56. Le Doeuff: Moira Gatens (University of Sydney). A reasonable list. It definitely has a French bias, but it’s not too bad. If compiled today, it would probably include Agamben, Badiou, and Negri too. The unforgivable omission is Ernst Cassirer, who is only mentioned twice in the Neo-Kantianism article and once in passing by Beiser (whose work I very much like). Schlegel, Schiller, Saussure, Bourdieu, and Barthes also seem rather important. Given the inclusion of a bunch of cultural and sociological thinkers, sociologists Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Georg Simmel should definitely be on this list. Other worthy omissions: Humboldt, Brentano, Croce, Mauss, Lowith, Valery, Fanon, Bachelard, Blumenberg, Apel, Eco, Bouveresse, and Virilio. (Not that I like all of them.)

[maximumslogandensity]

[Mainlander] admits that there is an instinct for self-preservation in all of us; but he insists that, upon reflection, this desire for life is really only the means for death. We will life only for the sake of death. [He] finds this longing for death not only in each individual, but in the general process of history, whose sole and ultimate goal is death.

Frederick Beiser

8/12/19

[yorgunherakles]

onun herşeyinde ve tüm eylemlerinde mutlak yok oluş için derin bir özlem vardır.

frederick beiser - dünya acısı

[somnolentdesolation]

"One step forward in one respect often is a step backward in another respect. The wounds civilization cures it also inflicts. The real motor of historical 'evolution', as Julius Bahnsen says, is the striving for greater comfort and prosperity in life. People are not satisfied with their lot, with what their parents had in the past, and they want to make things better for themselves. But this very striving creates new needs, so that we are no longer satisfied with the simple life of the past; and with the growth of needs there comes more sources of dissatisfaction. There is indeed an interplay, a direct proportion, between development and the receptivity and sensitivity to pain, so that the more we 'progress' the more we suffer."

- Frederick Beiser, Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy 1860-1900 (2016)