#Fortress Louisbourg

[historydailyfrancischappellblack]

On June 8, 1758, a British force of 40 warships, 14,000 soldiers, and 12,000 sailors and marines began the siege of Louisbourg, located on the approaches to the St. Lawrence River in what is now Nova Scotia, Canada.

Subscriber Content Add content here that will only be visible to your subscribers. Payment Image: Burning of the French ship Prudent and capture of Bienfaisant, during the siege of Louisbourg in 1758, by Richard Paton. (Public Domain) On this day in history, June 8, 1758, a British force of 40 warships, 14,000 soldiers, and 12,000 sailors and marines began the siege of Louisbourg, located on…

[vox-anglosphere]

Louisbourg was the most expensive fortress in Canadian history.

[muttball]

Fortress de Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia.

It was captured by British colonists in 1745, and was a major bargaining chip in the negotiations leading to the 1748 treaty ending the War of the Austrian Succession. It was returned to the French in exchange for border towns in what is today Belgium. It was captured again in 1758 by British forces in the Seven Years' War, after which its fortifications were systematically destroyed by British engineers. The British continued to have a garrison at Louisbourg until 1768 but had abandoned the site by 1785. Wikipedia

[the-paintrist]

Thomas Hudson - Portrait of Admiral Sir Peter Warren - 1748-52

Vice-Admiral Sir Peter Warren, KB (10 March 1703 – 29 July 1752) was an Anglo-Irish naval officer and politician who sat in the British House of Commons representing the constituency of Westminster from 1747 to 1752. Warren is best known for his career in the Royal Navy, which he served in for thirty-six years and participated in numerous naval engagements, including most notably the capture of the French fortress of Louisbourg in 1745.

Born in Ireland c. 1703 to an Irish Catholic family, Warren's parents raised him as a Protestant in order to allow him to pursue a career at sea. In 1716, Warren enlisted in the Royal Navy, largely spending the next decade serving off the West African coast or in the Caribbean, participating in anti-piracy operations and confrontations with Spanish coast guard vessels. Eleven years later in 1727, Warren was promoted to the rank of post-captain.

From 1728 to 1745, Warren served almost continuously in the Americas. He commanded the Solebay off New York, where he married Susannah Delancey in 1731; they had six children together. During the War of Jenkins' Ear, he participated in failed attacks on St. Augustine and Cartagena. In 1745, Warren joined an expeditionary force to attack the fortress of Louisbourg, leading a blockade which led to the garrison capitulating on 28 June.

Warren participated in the First Battle of Cape Finisterre in May 1747, being made a Knight Companion, before returning to England to pursue a political career. He was elected to Parliament in the 1747 general election, attending several parliamentary committees in addition to opposing a clause in the 1749 Consolidation Act. Warren died in Dublin on 29 July 1752. The towns of Warren, Rhode Island and Warren, New Hampshire were named for him.

Thomas Hudson (1701 – 1779) was an English painter, almost exclusively of portraits.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.16 (before 1910)

632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran). 1407 – Ming–Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son King Hồ Hán Thương of Hồ dynasty are captured by the Ming armies. 1487 – Battle of Stoke Field: King Henry VII of England defeats the leaders of a Yorkist rebellion in the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses. 1632 – The Plymouth Company granted a land patent to Thomas Purchase, the first settler of Pejepscot, Maine, settling at the site of Fort Andross. 1745 – War of the Austrian Succession: New England colonial troops under the command of William Pepperrell capture the Fortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, New France (Old Style date). 1746 – War of the Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza. 1755 – French and Indian War: The French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians. 1760 – French and Indian War: Robert Rogers and his Rangers surprise French held Fort Sainte Thérèse on the Richelieu River near Lake Champlain. The fort is raided and burned. 1779 – American Revolutionary War: Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins. 1795 – French Revolutionary Wars: In what became known as Cornwallis's Retreat, a British Royal Navy squadron led by Vice Admiral William Cornwallis strongly resists a much larger French Navy force and withdraws largely intact, setting up the French Navy defeat at the Battle of Groix six days later. 1811 – Survivors of an attack the previous day by Tla-o-qui-aht on board the Pacific Fur Company's ship Tonquin, intentionally detonate a powder magazine on the ship, destroying it and killing about 100 attackers. 1815 – Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before the Battle of Waterloo. 1819 – A major earthquake strikes the Kutch district of western India, killing over 1,543 people and raising a 6-metre-high (20 ft), 6-kilometre-wide (3.7 mi), ridge, extending for at least 80 kilometres (50 mi), that was known as the Allah Bund ("Dam of God"). 1824 – A meeting at Old Slaughter's coffee house in London leads to the formation of what is now the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). 1836 – The formation of the London Working Men's Association gives rise to the Chartist Movement. 1846 – The Papal conclave of 1846 elects Pope Pius IX, beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy. 1858 – Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois. 1871 – The Universities Tests Act 1871 allows students to enter the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology). 1883 – The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England, kills 183 children. 1884 – The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park. 1897 – A treaty annexing the Republic of Hawaii to the United States is signed; the Republic would not be dissolved until a year later. 1903 – The Ford Motor Company is incorporated. 1903 – Roald Amundsen leaves Oslo, Norway, to commence the first east–west navigation of the Northwest Passage. 1904 – Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolay Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland. 1904 – Irish author James Joyce begins a relationship with Nora Barnacle and subsequently uses the date to set the actions for his novel Ulysses; this date is now traditionally called "Bloomsday".

[simplicius-simplicissimus]

The Last Of The Mohican - a search for clues

„French Soldier“ in Fort Louisbourg

The novel "The Last of the Mohicans" by James Fenimore Cooper is set at the time of the British fighting the French (with Indian allies on both sides) for colonial supremacy in North America in the Seven Years' War of 1756 - 1763. In the story, the Mohican Uncas and the trapper Natty Bumppo (called "Hawkeye") attempt to free the two kidnapped daughters of Colonel Munro (the commanding officer of the fort "William Henry"), Cora and Alice, from the hands of the Hurons. The fictional story takes place against the backdrop of the true historical events surrounding the massacre after the surrender of fort “William Henry” in 1757.

Our trip to Canada in 2019 also took us to the area where this war was fought. The French fortress (or short „fort“) “Louisbourg” on Nova Scotia occupied an important, strategic position, controlling access to the St. Lawrence River - an important supply route for the French colonies. The fortress is still preserved and now serves as a tourist attraction. You can immerse yourself in the lives of the soldiers and civilian residents of the garrison at that time. The war ended after a decisive battle near the city Quebec with the defeat of France and the loss of all colonies there. However, French culture and language has persisted in this region of Canada (called Quebec). Quebec today enjoys special status in Canada as a “nation within a nation”.

Seven Years‘ War - French and British Colonies in Northern America

Fort Louisbourg

-Simplicius Simplicissimus

[roomchailimited]

Exploring the Canadian Maritimes: A Coastal Adventure

The Canadian Maritimes, comprising New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, offer a unique blend of rugged coastlines, historic towns, and rich cultural heritage that beckon travelers seeking an authentic coastal adventure. This region, known for its stunning natural beauty and warm hospitality, is the perfect destination for those who want to explore the charm and serenity of Canada's eastern shores.

Start your journey in Nova Scotia, where the iconic Cabot Trail awaits. This scenic drive takes you along the rugged cliffs of Cape Breton Island, offering breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean. Hike through Cape Breton Highlands National Park, where the highlands meet the sea, or explore the charming town of Baddeck, the gateway to this unforgettable route. Don't miss the chance to visit the historic Fortress of Louisbourg, a national historic site that brings 18th-century colonial life to vivid reality.

Next, head to Prince Edward Island (PEI), where rolling green hills, red sand beaches, and picturesque lighthouses create a postcard-perfect landscape. Explore the island's capital, Charlottetown, known as the birthplace of Canadian Confederation, and indulge in the island's culinary delights, particularly its world-famous mussels and lobster. A visit to PEI wouldn't be complete without a trip to Green Gables, the inspiration for L.M. Montgomery's beloved "Anne of Green Gables."

In New Brunswick, the Bay of Fundy awaits with the highest tides in the world, providing a stunning natural spectacle. Walk on the ocean floor at Hopewell Rocks when the tide is out, and then return later to see the same area completely submerged by the returning tides. Visit the charming town of Saint Andrews by-the-Sea, known for its historic architecture and beautiful gardens, or explore the vibrant city of Saint John, with its bustling waterfront and vibrant cultural scene.

Throughout your journey, you'll be immersed in the rich maritime culture, where Gaelic, Acadian, and Indigenous influences merge to create a unique and vibrant community. Whether you're exploring the rugged coastline, indulging in fresh seafood, or discovering the region's history and traditions, the Canadian Maritimes promise an adventure like no other.

To make your coastal adventure seamless, Roomchai Limited offers tailored travel packages that include guided tours, accommodation, and transportation, ensuring you experience the best the Maritimes have to offer. Embark on your journey with Roomchai and discover the beauty and charm of Eastern Canada's coastal gems.

[jeanhm]

Cape Breton

As we had to rush through to the ferry a day earlier than planned today we spent the day exploring Cape Breton. As the "island" is too large to cover in one day, we decided to only do the south coast as we are heading towards Halifax over the next couple of days.

We started our visit by going to Louisbourg fort and harbour. At its peak, Louisbourg harbour was the busiest in French North America, large enough to accommodate as many ships as ever liekly to be needed. The fortifications of the town were planned in 1717 and building continued throughout the 1720s and 30s but by the 40s repairs were already required and in the siege of 1745 the fortress was badly damaged. By European standard the fortress is small and lightly defended and all in all, badly built and with hills overlooking it so it isn't surprising that its defeat was inevitable despite its size and importance.

The walk around was really interesting and there were "character" within the houses and buildings to explain the history. We spent a couple of hours here, which was useful as background history for future visits in Halifax.

From here we went to Garbarus and a delightful lighthouse and continued on the coast taking in some beautiful bays and shores. We decided to cross the Lennox Passage and go around Isle Madame and Janvrin Island and although pretty, these were not as spectacular as they should have been due to the lack of ability to see much due to vegetation and a lack of parking and viewing points - this is something we have found really lacking in Canada by comparison to USA, Australia and NZ. then it was onwards to our hotel at Aulds Cove right just across the causeway from Cape Breton.

[captainmartinisblog]

Terra Firma!

Friday 21st June 2024 – Sydney, Nova Scotia.

After the party yesterday, Dinner in the main Restaurant was surprisingly subdued. I’m not sure where everyone was but at least service was quicker; we were in and out in 75 minutes!

Oysters Rockefeller were on the menu; one of my favourite dishes. I wasn’t so keen on the Pesto Risotto in my main course though but the Herb Marinated Jumbo Shrimp were nice. Oddly (me not being much of a dessert person), the Citrus Symphony (parfait, two types of meringue and citrus marmalade) lived up to its name and was a great refresher.

Today we finally arrived in Sydney, Nova Scotia and most of Viking Star’s passengers I suspect breathed a sigh of relief, able to step on dry land for the first time in 6 days!

Founded in 1785 by colonists fleeing the aftermath of the American Revolution, Sydney became a centre of development from coal-mining in the 18th Century. However, while the decline of coal and steel during the 20th Century was replaced by tourism in Cape Breton Island, Sydney was largely overlooked as a tourist centre until some years ago, when they invested in a new Cruise Terminal, outside which stands the World's largest ceiledh fiddle, in celebration of the area's Celtic tradition!.

Sydney was once the capital of Cape Breton Island until 1820 when Cape Breton Island was merged into Nova Scotia and the capital moved to Halifax (where we will be tomorrow). There is some history here though and today, Angie and I took the ‘free’ excursion to the Fortress of Louisbourg.

Developed by the French as a fortified town to protect rich fishing grounds from 1720-40, it was laid siege to and won by the British in 1745, then given back to the French in 1748, only to be captured again 1758, following which, it was systematically destroyed and its stone shipped elsewhere.

The present buildings on the site are reconstructions and represent around 20% of the original town as it was in 1744 just before the first siege.

We had an interesting tour, including a musket-firing demonstration by a Canonier and a typical hot chocolate drink enjoyed by the better off of the town. And in one of the buildings there was an enormous model of Fortress Louisbourg made entirely out of Lego!

Blessed by unseasonably warm weather today, with temperatures up to 23 degrees, there was an ‘Officers’ Sailaway Party’ on the pool deck – with more free drinks served by some of the senior officers. I had a ‘Rock Lobster’ (Rum, Banana liqueur, Malibu, Orange Juice, Pineapple Juice & Grenadine) as well as ‘Sex on the Beach’ (Vodka, Peach Schnapps, Orange Juice, Cranberry Juice)! I then went for a lie down……

[hartshorn-and-isinglass]

TIL about this place and I need to go there:

[eastcoastadventures2023]

Day #1 and 2 - Into Halifax, on to Sydney

We arrived Wednesday (September 6) in Halifax to find out that our reserved rental car gone, but got another one ... only to get a bill on the 8th for returning a car we didn't have. Thanks Avis.

We stayed the night in Halifax, then drove to Sydney the next day.

We had all the weather on that drive. Sydney was a nice stop. Walked the waterfront, had a bite to eat, then called it for the night.

Next day was off to Fortress Louisbourg. An impressive rebuild.

Then the drive to Keltic Lodge along the Cabot Trail. A road I would not want to bike!

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.16

363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran). 1407 – Ming–Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son King Hồ Hán Thương of Hồ dynasty are captured by the Ming armies. 1487 – Battle of Stoke Field: King Henry VII of England defeats the leaders of a Yorkist rebellion in the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses. 1586 – Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir and successor. 1632 – The Plymouth Company granted a land patent to Thomas Purchase, the first settler of Pejepscot, Maine, settling at the site of Fort Andross. 1745 – War of the Austrian Succession: New England colonial troops under the command of William Pepperrell capture the Fortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, New France (Old Style date). 1746 – War of the Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza. 1755 – French and Indian War: The French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians. 1760 – French and Indian War: Robert Rogers and his Rangers surprise French held Fort Sainte Thérèse on the Richelieu River near Lake Champlain. The fort is raided and burned. 1779 – Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins. 1795 – French Revolutionary Wars: In what became known as Cornwallis's Retreat, a British Royal Navy squadron led by Vice Admiral William Cornwallis strongly resists a much larger French Navy force and withdraws largely intact, setting up the French Navy defeat at the Battle of Groix six days later. 1811 – Survivors of an attack the previous day by Tla-o-qui-aht on board the Pacific Fur Company's ship Tonquin, intentionally detonate a powder magazine on the ship, destroying it and killing about 100 attackers. 1815 – Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before the Battle of Waterloo. 1819 – A major earthquake strikes the Kutch district of western India, killing over 1,543 people and raising a 6-metre-high (20 ft), 6-kilometre-wide (3.7 mi), ridge, extending for at least 80 kilometres (50 mi), that was known as the Allah Bund ("Dam of God"). 1824 – A meeting at Old Slaughter's coffee house in London leads to the formation of what is now the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). 1836 – The formation of the London Working Men's Association gives rise to the Chartist Movement. 1846 – The Papal conclave of 1846 elects Pope Pius IX, beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy. 1858 – Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois. 1871 – The Universities Tests Act 1871 allows students to enter the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology). 1883 – The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England, kills 183 children. 1884 – The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park. 1897 – A treaty annexing the Republic of Hawaii to the United States is signed; the Republic would not be dissolved until a year later. 1903 – The Ford Motor Company is incorporated. 1903 – Roald Amundsen leaves Oslo, Norway, to commence the first east–west navigation of the Northwest Passage. 1904 – Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolay Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland. 1904 – Irish author James Joyce begins a relationship with Nora Barnacle and subsequently uses the date to set the actions for his novel Ulysses; this date is now traditionally called "Bloomsday". 1911 – IBM founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York. 1922 – General election in the Irish Free State: The pro-Treaty Sinn Féin party wins a large majority. 1925 – Artek, the most famous Young Pioneer camp of the Soviet Union, is established. 1930 – Sovnarkom establishes decree time in the USSR. 1933 – The National Industrial Recovery Act is passed in the United States, allowing businesses to avoid antitrust prosecution if they establish voluntary wage, price, and working condition regulations on an industry-wide basis. 1940 – World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l'État Français). 1940 – A Communist government is installed in Lithuania. 1944 – In a gross miscarriage of justice, George Junius Stinney Jr., age 14, becomes the youngest person executed in the United States in the 20th century after being convicted in a two-hour trial for the rape and murder of two teenage white girls. 1948 – Members of the Malayan Communist Party kill three British plantation managers in Sungai Siput; in response, British Malaya declares a state of emergency. 1955 – In a futile effort to topple Argentine President Juan Perón, rogue aircraft pilots of the Argentine Navy drop several bombs upon an unarmed crowd demonstrating in favor of Perón in Buenos Aires, killing 364 and injuring at least 800. At the same time on the ground, some soldiers attempt to stage a coup but are suppressed by loyal forces. 1958 – Imre Nagy, Pál Maléter and other leaders of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising are executed. 1961 – While on tour with the Kirov Ballet in Paris, Rudolf Nureyev defects from the Soviet Union. 1963 – Soviet Space Program: Vostok 6 mission: Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space.[ 1963 – In an attempt to resolve the Buddhist crisis in South Vietnam, a Joint Communique was signed between President Ngo Dinh Diem and Buddhist leaders. 1972 – The largest single-site hydroelectric power project in Canada is inaugurated at Churchill Falls Generating Station. 1976 – Soweto uprising: A non-violent march by 15,000 students in Soweto, South Africa, turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd. 1977 – Oracle Corporation is incorporated in Redwood Shores, California, as Software Development Laboratories (SDL), by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates. 1981 – US President Ronald Reagan awards the Congressional Gold Medal to Ken Taylor, Canada's former ambassador to Iran, for helping six Americans escape from Iran during the hostage crisis of 1979–81; he is the first foreign citizen bestowed the honor. 1989 – Revolutions of 1989: Imre Nagy, the former Hungarian prime minister, is reburied in Budapest following the collapse of Communism in Hungary. 1997 – Fifty people are killed in the Daïat Labguer (M'sila) massacre in Algeria. 2000 – The Secretary-General of the UN reports that Israel has complied with United Nations Security Council Resolution 425, 22 years after its issuance, and completely withdrew from Lebanon. The Resolution does not encompass the Shebaa farms, which is claimed by Israel, Syria and Lebanon. 2002 – Padre Pio is canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. 2010 – Bhutan becomes the first country to institute a total ban on tobacco. 2012 – China successfully launches its Shenzhou 9 spacecraft, carrying three astronauts, including the first female Chinese astronaut Liu Yang, to the Tiangong-1 orbital module. 2012 – The United States Air Force's robotic Boeing X-37B spaceplane returns to Earth after a classified 469-day orbital mission. 2013 – A multi-day cloudburst, centered on the North Indian state of Uttarakhand, causes devastating floods and landslides, becoming the country's worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami. 2015 – American businessman Donald Trump announces his campaign to run for President of the United States in the upcoming election. 2016 – Shanghai Disneyland Park, the first Disney Park in Mainland China, opens to the public. 2019 – Upwards of 2,000,000 people participate in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, the largest in Hong Kong's history.

[vox-anglosphere]

France's fortress of Louisbourg fell to the British in the siege of 1758

[atlanticcanada]

Parks Canada staff work hard to recover from Fiona as tourist season approaches

Post-tropical storm Fiona, which blew through the Maritimes in September, made a mess of the national historic site and surrounding area of Louisbourg, N.S.

“It was significant from the coastal roads to the buildings themselves to some of the trails on the property. The damage was extensive,” said Duggan Kennedy, with Parks Canada.

Roofs and chimneys were damaged during the storm and one of the roads to the site was washed out.

Months of repairs have been challenging at times for many reasons.

“It’s always tough on this site. We have to have stuff that’s period correct, so we have to bring in experienced tradespeople to do damages like the slate roof or the copper roofs or even some of the buildings. It’s all really detailed work and its time consuming,” said Kennedy.

The Fortress of Louisbourg is not the only tourist destination still picking up the pieces.

“There are a number still waiting for repairs and the other side of it is that many people cancelled their trips to come to the island when they heard the hurricane was coming and then when they saw some of the damage from the coverage,” said Terry Smith, CEO of Destination Cape Breton.

The rush is on now to get ready for tourists with the summer season approaching.

“We're hoping it’s going to be another strong season, and after a couple of pandemic years, it’s something we really need,” said Smith.

At the fortress, their goal is to complete most of this work before the bulk of visitors arrive.

“It’s really important to have the site period correct and open for the guests as soon as possible, and we are ready for this season, and some of the bigger pieces won't be disruptive to visitors, we will do them out of season after October,” said Kennedy.

The cost of the repairs is not yet known.

For the latest Nova Scotia news, visit our dedicated provincial page.

from CTV News - Atlantic https://ift.tt/8jl4OTB

[topoet]

Fortress of Louisbourg Photos

Fortress of Louisbourg Photos

Model of original Fortress –

area in pink is where most of reconstruction has been done so far

along the Quay – cloudy big sky

table set in guard room

things to play with: costumed guide, fiddle, cards, checkers

period water sprinkler system in Grandchamp Inn

pea soup, coffee & bread in Grandchamp Inn

children at play outside Grandchamp Inn

waitresses luring customers into the Grandchamp Inn