#Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

[forensicfield]

[quotesfrommyreading]

Until the early nineteenth century few tools existed to detect a toxic substance in a corpse. Sometimes investigators deduced poison from the violent sickness that preceded death, or built a case by feeding animals a victim's last meal, but more often than not poisoners walked free. As a result murder by poison flourished. It became so common in eliminating perceived difficulties, such as a wealthy parent who stayed alive too long, that the French nicknamed the metallic element arsenic poudre de succession, the inheritance powder.

The chemical revolution of the 1880s changed the relative ease of such killings. Scientists learned to isolate and identify the basic elements and the chemical compounds that define life on Earth, gradually building a catalog, The Periodic Table of the Elements. In 1804, the elements palladium, cerium, iridium, osmium, and rhodium were discovered; potassium and sodium were isolated in 1807; barium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium in 1808; chlorine in 1810. Once researchers understood individual elements they went on to study them in combination, examining how elements bonded to create exotic compounds and familiar substances, such as the sodium-chlorine combination that creates basic table salt (NaCl).

The pioneering scientists who worked in elemental chemistry weren't thinking about poison in particular. But others were. In 1814, in the middle of this blaze of discovery, the Spanish chemist Mathieu Orfila published a treatise on poisons and their detection, the first book of its kind. Orfila suspected that metallic poisons like arsenic might be the easiest to detect in the body's tissues and pushed his research in that direction. By the late 1830s the first test for isolating arsenic had been developed. Within a decade more reliable tests had been devised and were being used successfully in criminal prosecutions.

But the very science that made it possible to identify the old poisons, like arsenic, also made available a lethal array of new ones. Morphine was isolated in 1804, the same year that palladium was discovered. In 1819 strychnine was extracted from the seeds of the Asian vomit button tree (Strychnos nux vomica). The lethal compound coniine was isolated from hemlock the same year. Chemists neatly extracted nicotine from tobacco leaves in 1828. Aconitine – described by one toxicologist as “in its pure state, perhaps the most potent poison known” – was found in the beautifully flowering monkshood plant in 1832.

And although researchers had learned to isolate these alkaloids – organic (carbon-based) compounds with some nitrogen mixed in – they had no idea how to find such poisons in human tissue. Orfila himself, conducting one failed attempt after another, worried that it was an impossible task. One exasperated French prosecutor, during a mid-nineteenth-century trial involving a morphine murder, exclaimed: “Henceforth let us tell would-be poisoners; do not use metallic poisons for they leave traces. Use plant poisons...Fear nothing; your crime will go unpunished. There is no corpus delecti [physical evidence] for it cannot be found.”

So began a deadly cat and mouse game – scientists and poisoners as intellectual adversaries. A gun may be fired in a flash of anger, a rock carelessly hurled, a shovel swung in sudden fury, but a homicidal poisoning requires a calculating intelligence. Unsurprisingly, then, when metallic poisons, such as arsenic, became detectable in bodies, informed killers turned away from them. A survey of poison prosecutions in Britain found that, by the mid-nineteenth century, arsenic killings were decreasing. The trickier plant alkaloids were by then more popular among murderers.

In response, scientists increased their efforts to capture alkaloids in human tissue. Finally, in 1860, a reclusive and single-minded French chemist, Jean Servais Stas, figured out how to isolate nicotine, an alkaloid of the tobacco plant, from a corpse. Other plant poisons soon became more accessible and chemists were able to offer new assistance to criminal investigations. The field of toxicology was becoming something to be reckoned with, especially in Europe.

The knowledge, and the scientific determination, spread across the Atlantic to the United States. The 1896 book Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, cowritten by a New York research chemist and a law professor, documented the still-fierce competition between scientists and killers. In one remarkable case in New York, a physician had killed his wife with morphine and then put belladonna drops in her eyes to counter the telltale contractions of her pupils. He was conviced only after Columbia University chemist Rudolph Witthaus, one of the authors of the 1896 text, demonstrated the process to the jury by killing a cat in the courtroom using the same gruesome technique. There was as much showmanship as science, Witthaus admitted; toxicology remained a primitive field of research filled with “questions still unanswerable”.

  —  The Poisoner's Handbook: Murder and the Birth of Forensic Medicine in Jazz Age New York (Deborah Blum)

[khushi156]

Buy Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology by Anil Aggrawal | Arya Publishing Company

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[diginerve]

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[januaryembrs]

COFFEE SHOP COP | Javier Peña x Younger!Reader

Request: @brekkers-desigirl says - hey i love your work~ i saw that you're taking requests for characters, congratulations by the way<33 and i was wondering if i could have some javier pena fluff? where steve notices that javi is going out a lot and suspects that hes visiting the brothels but in reality hes meeting the reader, who is maybe a university student and cant be seen with javi, so they meet in secret? just like pure fluff please

thank you so much<33 and congrats on almost 1k again!!!

description: Steve is suspicious of Javi when there’s talks of a mole in the embassy. But when he follow him to coffee shop, he’s in for a surprise.

word count: 1.1k

trigger warnings: age gap? Reader is getting a doctorate. Talk of dissection.

main masterlist

Call it part of the job but Steve Murphy was an observant man. Perhaps he was overly suspicious with the amount of leads going dry as soon as they got close, Carillo had put it in his head that there were talks of a Narco Mole in headquarters, had his head spinning for days after he’d heard the news. But surely not Javi? It couldn’t be Javi.

Javi, who had saved his life more times than he could count, who would give his all for his job and asked nothing in return, who had broken bread with his wife, had watched his baby as if she were his own. It couldn’t be Javi.

But how could he explain his odd behaviour?

Peña had been clocking out on the dot for the past three weeks. Not that he held it against the man, except the two workaholics were known for working long hours past what was on their time cards in the interest of cracking the Narco rats sooner. He was usually given a little excuse of he had to call his father or he wanted to grab coffee on his way home before the shop shut. Even his betta fish needed feeding at a very specific time, that one had Steve frowning at least.

This man was a DEA agent and the best lie he could come up with was about betta fish? If that was the case, Colombia was fucked. But on the day he seemed to have a hankering for coffee the fourth night in a row, Steve had decided enough was enough. Slipping his card into the machine to clock himself out of work not even a whole five minutes after Javi left, he trailed after the man down to the parking lot, being sure to hold back a good few paces. Javi would know if he was being followed.

It wasn’t until he’d followed his truck downtown to a coffee shop that the ridiculous nature of what he was doing hit Steve like, well, Javi’s truck. Of course Javi wouldn’t be the mole, Javi would never. Besides, if the best he could come up with was fish then any real secrets surely would have poured out of him by now. Yet here he was, stalking his own best friend as he waltzed out the side of his truck like a boy on christmas.

He felt like an idiot.

Still unable to admit defeat, he pulled up onto the curb a few spaces down, heading out his car and after the man, ready to catch him in the act. Act of what exactly, though? Purchasing a cappuccino? What a crime.

The suspicion was knocked clear out of him however when he saw Javi walk up to a young woman, glasses perched on her nose. He was floored when he watched Javi cup her jaw gently, their lips meeting in a quick but loving kiss before he took a seat opposite her.

His first thought was she was one of his girls from the brothels, except he was quick to notice the textbooks and papers surrounding her, the way her fingernails were stained with ink. She was young, younger than Javi by a decade at least, but it wasn’t until he read the front of the book he felt at least some reprieve from the shock that must have been written on his face, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Higher Edition. Doctorate, she was getting her doctorate in medicine.

Smirking to himself that he’d caught Javi in his best kept secret yet, he returned back to his car to see his wife and daughter early for once.

“Long day, baby?” Javi asked, sipping on the edge of his coffee that had started to go lukewarm, despite him bolting his way over here to see you longer. You tucked your hair behind your ear, dog earring the page in your book you were working on, taking the small, china cup in your own hands.

“Had labs to do all morning, and my professor’s been getting on my ass about references.” You sighed, reaching out to squeeze his free hand with your warm fingertips, “I missed you. How was work?”

Javi’s eyes glistened with softness as he watched you, the paper cuts in between your fingers, hair messed from where you’d brushed it away from your face so often. He seemed to snap out of it when he saw you were waiting for a response, shrugging his shoulders a twitch.

“Still just chasing leads- nothing for you to worry about,” He said, bringing your hand up for a peck on your knuckles. Your face heated, his umber eyes following your smile as it settled between your cheeks, “I missed you too. You got classes tomorrow?”

Nodding, you took another sip of your drink, finishing the cup of black liquid, the only thing getting you through this semester. That and Javi ofcourse.

“Got a double lecture in the morning, and then more practicals mid day I gotta prep for,” You said, packing up your books into your bag.

“Nice Lab assistant or mean one?” He asked, taking your bag strap from you almost immediately. He never let you carry your books where he could help with it, the thought of you dragging them around with you in the day was bad enough as it was but seeing you lug around the five, fist width textbooks made his eyes twitch in upset.

“Thanks, honey,” You said, heading out of the coffee shop towards his truck, the passenger seat reserved for you as far as he was concerned, “Mean one. Though, I don’t think I’ll be much more pleasant considering were gonna be harvesting Liver, Spleen and Urine to test for signs of Arsenic,”

Javi grimaced, opening the door for you, helping you step inside with a little pat on your thigh. Gently putting your bag in your lap, he snuck in a quick kiss to your cheek before he shut the door behind you and headed towards the drivers side.

“What’s that face for?” You giggled, your own hand coming out to rest on his jeaned leg as he pulled out of the parking lot.

“It’s a lot of dirty work, your degree,” He said, though his eyes kept flicking back to you from the road, “Not that I don’t think your capable, I just hate to think of you around so much…”

“Blood?” You helped out, and he nodded back, “Javi, I’m fine. The blood is only like half of what I do anyway, it’s the maths that gets messiest,”

Javi shook his, a wry smile on his face as he grabbed your hand in his own, giving your fingertips another kiss.

“You’d give some of the boys at the station a run for their money, sweetheart,”

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Pedro Pascal

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Javier Pena

@spideysimpossiblegirl

[darkmaga-returns]

Our teeth are our only permanent body part, so it makes sense that they must be cared for if you are going to live a long, healthy life. Unlike the rest of our body, once formed, they are not continually rebuilt through routine metabolism. Teeth are, under healthy conditions, essentially indestructible, as demonstrated by fossil records and forensic medicine. Yet, as we go about our daily lives, microorganisms constantly assault our teeth. This battle results in dental infections, a universal affliction of humankind — the discomfort caused by these infections and their enormous cost. Dental infections rank third in medical expenses in the United States, right behind heart disease and cancer. Furthermore, dental disease is closely linked to the development of a variety of heart diseases.

Beginning in the 1940s, a consensus emerged (particularly in the United States) that the risks and consequences of dental disease could be prevented mainly by ensuring that children consume adequate levels of a chemical called “fluoride” in their diet so that it would then be incorporated into their developing teeth. Based on this belief, most US municipal water systems began injecting fluoride into drinking water. In 2014, three-quarters of the US population on the public water supply received fluoridated water, representing two-thirds of the total US population. Despite this intervention, dental disease remains near the top of US health cost drivers. It is time to revisit the mid-20th century consensus on fluoride supplementation. The metadata indicates that the mandated intervention is not curing the problem.

Recent scientific study data, including a comprehensive evaluation by the US HHS National Toxicology Program, indicate that “higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per liter, are associated with lower IQ in children.” This finding underscores a couple of central principles of pharmacology and toxicology - first, all substances (including generally beneficial supplements) are toxic at some dose. Secondly, there is no substitute for long-term studies in the species of interest (humans) because cumulative effects may not be revealed in short-term analyses. Sound familiar? Basic principles.

[lafayettenossie]

Josephine "Joey Laveau" Archer.

Coroner's Assistant. Voodoo Mambo.

Josephine Archer, Coroner's assistant.

Josephine was born into a family of believers and practitioners of voodoo on Bayou St. John, north of New Orleans. There was a certain gift among the women of the family for speaking with the deceased and with the Loa, especially with the Ghede Loa (the family of Loa related to fertility and death)

Although Josephine grew up in that environment and wasn't unaware of rituals and voodoo, as she grew up her thinking became more and more rational, until she finally decided to study the health branch, specializing in forensic medicine and toxicology at the University in New York.

But the ability to see spiritual beings around her never ceased, Josephine could see and interact with the recently dead and the Loa would show up and sometimes 'ride' her (a term that defines the voluntary possession of a voodoo mambo by one of these spiritual beings for a certain time). During her medical training period at the hospital it would be very common for her to try to help restless spirits to advance towards transcendence. Her classmates would soon call her 'Joey Laveau' upon learning of her family ties to the ancient voodoo queen...

"Joey Laveau", Voodoo Mambo.

In a world where she developed her professional side, her family tried to get her back into the fold by all possible means, and when they failed they punished her by being turned into a Samedi, a decomposed undead creature, which fed on the blood of the living...

Joey Laveau, Samedi vampire.

However, in another world Joey became interested in resuming her family heritage and combined her university studies with voodoo rites. One night, upon returning to the apartment where she lived, she met an enigmatic gentleman who told her that there was a place where people with gifts similar to hers could develop them and learn... This aroused the woman's curiosity and she agreed to go to Strixhaven with him.

[djeterg19]

I'm back and reading chapter 9 of the Sign book. Much more focus on the investigation this chapter.

We start with Tharn making breakfast. Same as the show but he's alone eating a fried egg, hotdog, and toast. He is not a very good cook so he sticks with simple foods. He gets a text from P'Mhor which is the doctor(I'm far too proud that I realized Prem was using this for Ten in Cooking Crush today) asking to meet for lunch but Tharn tells him he'll probably be busy with the case. Chalotorn insists on taking him out to celebrate if he does have time later. This makes Tharn smile because he likes free food.

The DSI dress code is a black or dark suit with white shirt and...yeah I wish we got that in the show. Billy and Babe would look so good in suits. Or that may just me having a thing for men in suits. Tharn thinks he's 5 minutes early but everyone is already there when he gets to the meeting room and the captain tells him he's late.

There are a bunch of different forensic officers in the room being introduced. The head of forensic medicine went to high school with the captain. They have several different teams but they are missing toxicology as they won't be joining for several days. After all the intros, Tharn noticed a forensic scientist standing by himself so Tharn introduced himself. The man says his name is Vito and they are called back to their separate teams.

As Tharn heads back, he suddenly feels an icy cold sensation at the base of his neck causing his hair to stand on end and makes him feel like he's being touched. Phaya notices and tries to get him to move back to the conference room but Tharn can hear something. A whisper or buzzing that he shouldn't be able to hear but does. Something no one should be able to hear but somehow Tharn is able to.

Tharn is finally snapped out of his daze by the captain who is very unhappy with him. He goes to sit but she makes him come over to her instead. She smacks him with a folder and says he embarrassed her and that he's acting like he's not ready to work. He apologizes and she tells him to go back to his seat. Phaya asks if he's ok and he nods.

They divvy up the work of who is going to interview all of the victims of the murdered men. They have a tablet thing with all of the relevant info for each victim. They call them Kinds because they are like modified Kindles. Everyone leaves and Tharn thinks Yai follows to check that he's ok but no he lectures him about being late and tells Phaya to take care of him.

Tharn hears the voice again but this time he can make out what's being said: help him. Please help him. And Phaya is thinking of his dream the night before.

They get to their victims house and she is less than cooperative. She doesn't want to answer their questions as it brings up too many bad memories of the past. She has a daughter from the assault. They ask to speak with the daughter but she starts yelling at them and slams the door in their faces. So they go visit the daughter at school instead. She also doesn't want to talk but something about her makes Tharn suspicious that she's hiding something. Phaya agrees but they don't have enough to do more now.

They get back to the office and report everything to Singh and Thongthai. Yai brought in one of the victims he talked to because they were acting suspicious. As they are all discussing things, the captain brings in a woman draped in a red dress. It's a woman from one of the photos in Phaya's wallet. Phaya is not thrilled to see her and asks for Tharn's help.

They go into the visitor room and the woman bumps Tharn out of the way to get to Phaya. She wants to have lunch with Phaya but Phaya puts his arm around Tharn's shoulder and winks at him. The woman starts whining and begging. Phaya insists he can't go to lunch with her and that she promised she would stop bothering him after they broke up. Some grossness about how they had sex when he was drugged and of course he couldn't resist a woman that served herself up when under the influence.

Phaya and Tharn go out to lunch and Tharn calls Phaya daddy again. Anyways Tharn can't undo his seatbelt so Phaya has to help him. Phaya realizes how much Tharn looks like Vanvisa close up. He puts his hands on Tharn's cheeks and then under his chin saying. Tharn asks what the hell he's doing and Phaya says that he looks so much like her. Tharn asks like who but they are of course interrupted by Chalotorn. He asks if they are ok because they stayed in the car for so long. They say no they were just talking. Chalotorn takes Tharn's hand and Phaya watches as they walk into the restaurant. Phaya wonders why the doctor doesn't like him.

[madame-fear]

BABY WHAT DO U STUDY?!?? 😩

*Sigh* Ok so I study Forensics, Genetics, Criminology, and Medicine, rights?

But inside of all of that, to properly know all these topics, the Universities I want to get in/my teachers recommend studying:

Nutrition

Nutrigenomics

Epigenetics

Chemistry

Biochemistry

Mathematics

Algebra

Calculus

Statistics

Forensic Toxicology

Forensic Biology

Forensic Psychiatry

Antrophology

Human Behaviour

3 Programming Languages (for Genetics)

AND IM NOT EVEN DONE WITH THE LIST SEND MHELPN AND LUC K

[the-teacup-poisoner]

Park Lane’s medical director, Dr Malcolm MacCulloch, also spoke with Graham at length and provided an insightful analysis that examined his entire history with perhaps a better understanding than ever before. Dr MacCulloch found:

In discussing his childhood he told me that he was a boy of intellectual pursuits with very few close friends, a very studious child who learned that knowledge is power. His first motivation became the pursuit of knowledge and his parents became alarmed and sought to divert him to boyish pursuits and the relationship then deteriorated. By ten, his interests had settled on medical sciences, chemistry, pharmacy, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, general medicine, toxicology, pathology, forensic medicine. He thus came to have an intense emotional investment in the subject [and] wanted to qualify in medicine but had bitter opposition from his father. His father blamed the death of his mother on Graham, or at least Graham felt so, and also on the incompetence of the medical profession. The father banned all medicine-type books from the house and accused Graham of having a twisted mind, therefore Graham carried on covertly and came to hate his father and decided to punish him, first by killing the stepmother by poisoning her slowly. As we went along, I learnt that the different kinds of colour of dress are important in Graham’s life: black is aggressive, brown is aggressive, blue is tranquil, green is flamboyant. He came to tell me how he came to look at death as an ideal state. Death is neat and orderly, sterile. He said of his victims that he thought of them being better off when they were dead. He himself felt that he had more in common with death than with life and he saw himself as an agent of mortality, an agent of death.

— A Passion For Poison, by Carol Ann Lee.

[forensicfield]

Multiple Choice Questions on Forensic Medicine

1. The visual disturbances seen in methyl alcohol poisoning include all of the following, except? A) Concentric diminution of visual fields for color and form B) Pinpoint pupils C) Photophobia and blurred vision D) Sudden failure of vision

Continue reading Multiple Choice Questions on Forensic Medicine

[ciphenwriter21]

Arkham Echo Team Sparrow Bat-Computer Files #1 - Erica Davis/Sparrow

~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~

Sparrow

~~~~~~~

Real Name: Erica Ronda Davis

Occupation: Registered Delinquent (formerly), Gotham’s Grim Reaper (Vigilante)

Based in: Gotham City

Eye Color: Brown

Hair Color: Dark Brown

Height: 5 ft 8 in

Weight: 125 lbs

First Appearance: Batman: Arkham Echo Prologue, The Black Phoenix

~~~~~~~

Attributes

~~~~~~~

-Expert hacking and programming skills, as well as electronic repair and building, along with auto repair

-Avid and self-taught in various forms of fighting, including martial arts, boxing and street fighting, along with hand-to-hand combat

-Proficient in firearms and blades, especially concerning military, navy and martial weaponry

-Well-versed in Latin, Portuguese, Chinese and Military Phonetics

-Self-taught in First-Aid and medicine, as well as toxicology and forensics

-Mysteriously well-trained in deter and misdirect, as well as interrogation and investigation skills

-Skilled in espionage and evasion, being able to stay out of sight

-A formidable interrogator, using death threats in order to gain the information or things she needs

~~~~~~~

Psy. Eval.

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-Suffers from a prolonged anxiety disorder, most likely a generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD or C-PTSD

-A personality disorder is a possible and likely diagnosis, but unconfirmed or unlikely

-Prone to anxiety attacks, mood swings and violent outbursts

-Anti-social for the most time, unless she is around her roommates or those she trusts

-Believes that any criminal, petty or super, willing to kill or hurt someone in an inhumane manner should be put down

-Has a long-standing fascination and obsession with avenging Jason Todd and her blood-related family

-Also has an obsessive compulsion to kill the Joker and any who hope to succeed him

-Chosen alias likely a link or homage to the late Robin

-Refuses to let anyone call her 'Eri' or 'E', due to its association with the most recently deceased

-Holds a burning hatred towards the Joker and Harley Quinn due to the prolonged torture and mistreatment they subjected her and Jason to for a year

~~~~~~~

Synopsis

~~~~~~~

Erica was the only daughter and youngest child to achieved and decorated Gotham City doctor, Steven Martin Davis. One night, a hit and run killed the doctor, his wife, Sarah, and eldest and only son, Erica's older brother, Brady. Ten-year-old Erica’s body was never found; however, in actuality, she had survived the incident and was picked up by the Clown Prince of Crime himself, the Joker. Since then, Joker forced Erica to hide her identity by dyeing her hair, wearing a specially-engineered gas mask (made to filter out toxins, debris and unclean air, including Joker's own toxins) and the like. She went by the codename, Spades and became a bit of an anamoly in and around Gotham. This went on for five years until she gave her true identity to the second Robin, Jason Todd.

Jason and Erica became fast friends and would continously meet up at random locations. Jason even revealed his true identity to her and unmasked in front of her. Erica promised not to reveal this information to anyone, even Joker, and kept that promise well. Their friendship then continued, with Erica becoming increasingly attached to him. Unfortunately, it didn't save Jason from his fate at Joker’s hand at Ma-Gunn.

Erica disappeared a month after Jason was taken. Both of them were exposed and subjected to unfathomable tortures and horrors by Joker and some of his other accomplices and even his enemies. After hearing the gunshot that killed Jason, Erica passed out and was rescued by a talented witch, Kiera Thorn. Erica then awoke, now with her own renewed sense of justice and only one mission --- kill the Joker, whom she was wanted, dead or alive, by…

She hid under the false name, 'Eri Davids', the name being an homage to her deceased friend. She then took work at the local grocery store as a service manager and front-end supervisor. She hid in plain sight in order to avoid being found by Joker or anyone else in association. That was, until, an old cold case was reopened...

~~~~~~~

[literaturepublishersjournal]

Toxicity Case Reports Journal

Toxicity Case Reports Journal publishes case reports in Toxicity journal, images in Toxicity Case Reports Journal , journal of Toxicity case reports, case reports in Toxicology journal, journal of Toxicology case reports etc. Toxicity literally means poisonous or noxious and logos refers to the underlying science that explains the adverse effects of toxicity at the organismal level. 

Toxicology is therefore a multidisciplinary field which is at the interface of Biology, Chemistry and Medicine, with a special focus on Pharmacology. The subject discusses the presence of physical, biological and chemical agents in the Biological system and the way they affect its functions. Toxicology places special emphasis on the dosage of toxic substances, the route of exposure, species, age, sex, and the environment.

Toxicology: Case Reports Journal

Journal of Toxicology Case Reports is an Open Access journal published. The Journal publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies in all areas of toxicology. Open access publishing proposes a relatively new model for scholarly journal publishing that provides immediate, worldwide, barrier-free access to the full-text of all published articles. 

Open access allows all interested readers to view, download, print, and redistribute any article without a subscription, enabling far greater distribution of an author's work than the traditional subscription-based publishing model. The journal uses an editorial tracking system that helps in providing good quality in the review process.

Toxicity Case Reports Journal Highlights: Aflatoxins, Cardiac Toxicity, Chemical Toxicology, Developmental Toxicology, Drug Toxicity, Heavy Metal Toxicity, Heavy Metal Toxins, Industrial Hygiene Toxicology, Insecticides Toxicology, Metal Toxicology, Nano Toxicology, Pesticidal Toxicology, Renal Toxicity, Reproductive Toxicology, Skin Toxicology, Tetanus Toxin, Toxicogenomics, Toxicology Reports, Toxicology Testing.

Journal of Forensic Toxicology & Pharmacology

Journal of Forensic Toxicology & Pharmacology: Journal of Forensic Toxicology and Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal and aims to publish articles in all areas of forensic toxicology, forensic science and pharmacology. The field of forensic science has come a long way and this is particularly true in the area of forensic toxicology, which is both fascinating and important for many applications. 

Forensic toxicology is a discipline of forensic science which aids in medical or legal death investigation including disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry. Journal highlights include: Analytical Chemistry, Anthropometry, Clinical Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacology, Computer Forensics, Digital Forensics, Drug Chemistry, Drugs of abuse, Environmental Forensics Fingerprints, Forensic Criminology, Forensic Death Investigation, Forensic Dentistry, Forensic Engineering, Forensic Genetics, Forensic Medicine, Forensic Neuropsychology, Forensic Pathology, Forensic Pharmacology, Forensic Psychiatry, Forensic Science, Forensic Toxicology, Medical and Clinical Toxicology

Related Journals: Forensic Toxicology, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Forensic Science International, Forensic Science International: Genetics, Journal of Forensic Sciences, Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicological Studies

International Journal of Chemical Sciences: International Journal of Chemical Sciences is a peer reviewed Quarterly Research Journal encompassing all the branches of Chemical Sciences like Inorganic, Organic, Physical, Analytical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, Industrial, Environmental, Agro and Soil Chemistry as well as Chemical Physics and Engineering etc

American Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

American Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics: American Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics is an open access peer reviewed and bi-monthly published research journal that publishes articles in the field of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. It is an international journal to encourage research publication to research scholars, academicians, professionals and students engaged in their respective fields.

Our mission is to advance research by working to develop and maintain competence, ethics and integrity and the highest professional standards in the specialty for the benefit of the public. The faculty seeks, through its activities, to bring about an improvement in research of the public.

American Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics is an international, peer-reviewed, open access online journal publishing original research, reviews focusing on all aspects of drug delivery systems.

Specific topics in the journal include: The properties and design of drugs, Excipients and drug penetration enhancers, Vaccines, Nanotechnology in therapeutics, Polymers for drug delivery, Drug delivery systems including oral, nasal, pulmonary, parenteral, topical and transdermal Controlled release systems; nanoparticles, microparticles, microcapsules, liposomes. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, Biopharmaceutics, Medical devices.

Der Chemica Sinica

Der Chemica Sinica: The primary mission of the Der chemica Sinica is to become the premier source of high quality research from the whole of the world. All authors not only receive fast and comprehensive peer-review but also the article promotion to researchers working in the same field. Der chemica Sinica is peer-reviewed and is published in electronic version. 

The language of the Der chemica Sinica is English.Der chemica Sinica is an Open Access that aims to publish a complete and reliable source of information on discoveries and current developments as original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. in all areas of the chemistry science and making them available online without any subscriptions to the researchers worldwide. The editors welcome articles in this multidisciplinary field of chemistry.

Chemical Informatics

Chemical Informatics: Chemical Informatics is a vast field that aims to disseminate information regarding the design, structures, creation, dissemination, analysis, visualisation and the use of chemical information. 

Chemical Informatics Journal aims to supply scientists of resources in order to provide the scientific knowledge through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality, scientific papers and other material on all topics related to Chemical information, Software and databases, Molecular modelling, Computer- aided drug design, Molecular graphics, Data mining techniques, QSAR, Use of chemical structures and their representation in chemical substance and chemical reaction databases. Journal Highlights: Models of Chemistry, Chemical Databases and Maintenance, Chemical Information, QSAR, Data Mining Techniques, Database Software

Related Journals: Journal of Cheminformatics, Journal of Molecular Modeling, Journal of Molecular Structure, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, Drug Discovery Today.

Journal of Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine

Journal of Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine: Journal of Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine is a Scholarly Open Access scientific journal which deals with both toxicology and Forensic medicine. Medical Toxicology is nothing but a medical subspecialty concentrating on the analysis, supervision and prevention of harming and additional adversative health issues due to medicines, work-related and ecological contaminants, and organic causes. 

Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM) is a health field which deals with the collaboration of clinical medicine and the law. It is also involved in the examination of healthcare doctors who are believed to be impaired or may be a possible risk to the public for other reasons. Journal Highlights includes: Forensic Analysis, Forensic Pathology, Toxicology, Forensic Technologies, Forensic Science, Clinical Forensic Analysis, DNA FingerPrinting, Crime investigation, Toxicity Analysis, Jurisdiction

Related Journals: Forensic Nursing, Autopsy, Nanotoxicology, Forensic Science, Journal of Forensic Sciences, Forensic Science International, International Journal of Legal Medicine, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Legal Medicine, Toxicology, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology; Environmental Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology, Journal of Applied Toxicology, The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine.

Journal of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Diseases

Journal of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Diseases: Heavy Metal Toxicity refers to an overexposure to lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium or other high density or metallic element that causes irritation or damage to the body. 

Heavy metals can be found naturally in the environment, in homes, or at the workplace. Sudden severe exposures as well as moderate exposures over time can cause toxicity. Depending on the exposure, metals can increase cancer risk, impair production of red and white blood cells, causes Nausea, Vomiting, Rice-water diarrhoea, Encephalopathy, MODS, LoQTS, Painful neuropathy, Blue vomitus, GI irritation/ Haemorrhage, Hemolysis, MODS (ingested); MFF (inhaled), Vomiting, GI Haemorrhage, Cardiac depression, Metabolic acidosis, Very high doses: Haemorrhage, Bone marrow Suppression, Pulmonary Edema, Hepatorenal necrosis.The main aim of this journal is to provide the quality of data on Heavy Metal Toxicity and related diseases due to severe exposure to Heavy Metals.

Related Journals: The New England Journal of Medicine, Blood Transfusion, Medicine and Healthcare Journal, Iron Chelation Therapy Journal, Blood Journal, Scientific World Journal, Global Journal of Medical Research, Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs Journal, Journal of Experimental Botany, Iranian Journal of Toxicology, Journal of Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment, International Journal of Toxicology Heavy Metal Poisoning and Cardiovascular Disease, Heavy metal poisoning from Ayurvedic medicines.

Authors are requested to submit their manuscript by using Online Manuscript Submission Portal:https://www.literaturepublishers.org/submit.html

For more information on Literature Publishers - Toxicity Case Reports Journal visit our site:- https://www.literaturepublishers.org/event/Toxicity-Case-Reports-Journal.html

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BHMS Admission in Lucknow 2024-25: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

The Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery (BHMS) is a sought-after course for students interested in alternative medicine. Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, is home to several reputed colleges offering BHMS programs. This guide will provide you with all the necessary information about BHMS admission in Lucknow for the academic year 2024-25, including eligibility criteria, the admission process, top colleges, and frequently asked questions (FAQs) based on recent Google trends.

Why Choose BHMS in Lucknow?

Lucknow is known for its rich cultural heritage and educational excellence. The city offers a conducive environment for students pursuing BHMS due to its well-established colleges, experienced faculty, and comprehensive curriculum. Additionally, the cost of living in Lucknow is relatively affordable compared to other metropolitan cities in India, making it an ideal destination for students.

Eligibility Criteria for BHMS Admission in Lucknow

To secure admission in BHMS programs in Lucknow, candidates must meet the following eligibility criteria:

Educational Qualification: Candidates must have completed their 10+2 or equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and English as compulsory subjects. A minimum aggregate score of 50% is required for general category students, while reserved category students are given a relaxation of 5%.

Age Limit: The minimum age limit for BHMS admission is 17 years as of December 31, 2024. There is no upper age limit for BHMS courses.

Entrance Examination: Candidates must qualify for the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET-UG) with the required cutoff marks. NEET-UG is mandatory for admission to BHMS programs in India.

Admission Process for BHMS in Lucknow

The admission process for BHMS in Lucknow involves the following steps:

NEET-UG Registration: Candidates must register for the NEET-UG exam by filling out the online application form and paying the required fee.

NEET-UG Examination: Appear for the NEET-UG exam and secure the minimum qualifying marks to be eligible for BHMS admission.

Counseling Registration: After the NEET-UG results are declared, candidates must register for the UP AYUSH counseling process conducted by the Directorate of AYUSH, Uttar Pradesh.

Document Verification: Candidates need to attend the document verification process at designated centers with their original documents and certificates.

Choice Filling and Seat Allotment: Candidates can fill in their preferred choices of colleges and courses. Based on their NEET-UG rank and preferences, seats will be allotted.

Admission Confirmation: Once a seat is allotted, candidates must report to the respective college and complete the admission formalities by paying the requisite fee.

Top BHMS Colleges in Lucknow

Here are some of the top colleges in Lucknow offering BHMS programs:

State Lal Bahadur Shastri Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital

Address: LDA Colony, Kanpur Road Scheme, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012

Affiliation: Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra

Duration: 5.5 years (including 1-year internship)

National Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital

Address: 1, Viraj Khand Rd, Viraj Khand - 1, Viraj Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010

Affiliation: Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra

Duration: 5.5 years (including 1-year internship)

Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital

Address: Charbagh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226004

Affiliation: Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra

Duration: 5.5 years (including 1-year internship)

Course Curriculum

The BHMS course is designed to provide a thorough understanding of homeopathic medicine and its principles. The curriculum includes subjects such as:

Anatomy

Physiology

Biochemistry

Materia Medica

Organon of Medicine

Pharmacy

Pathology

Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Community Medicine

Repertory

Clinical Subjects (Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology)

Career Opportunities after BHMS

After completing BHMS, graduates have various career options, including:

Private Practice: Starting a private homeopathic clinic.

Teaching: Joining homeopathic medical colleges as lecturers or professors.

Research: Engaging in research activities in the field of homeopathy.

Hospitals: Working in homeopathic hospitals and clinics.

Pharmaceuticals: Working with homeopathic pharmaceutical companies in roles related to research, manufacturing, or marketing.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the duration of the BHMS course in Lucknow?

The BHMS course duration is 5.5 years, which includes 4.5 years of academic study and a 1-year mandatory internship.

2. Is NEET mandatory for BHMS admission in Lucknow?

Yes, NEET-UG is mandatory for BHMS admission in Lucknow. Candidates must qualify for NEET-UG to be eligible for the admission process.

3. Can I get direct admission to BHMS without NEET?

No, direct admission to BHMS without NEET is not possible. NEET-UG qualification is a compulsory requirement for BHMS admission in India.

4. What is the fee structure for BHMS in Lucknow?

The fee structure for BHMS courses in Lucknow varies from college to college. On average, the tuition fees range from INR 50,000 to INR 1,50,000 per year.

5. What documents are required for BHMS admission in Lucknow?

The following documents are required for BHMS admission:

NEET-UG scorecard

10th and 12th mark sheets and certificates

Transfer certificate

Character certificate

Caste certificate (if applicable)

Domicile certificate

Passport-sized photographs

6. What is the scope of BHMS in India?

BHMS graduates have a wide scope in India. They can practice as homeopathic doctors, join government or private hospitals, teach in medical colleges, work in research, or join pharmaceutical companies.

7. Are there any scholarships available for BHMS students in Lucknow?

Yes, various scholarships are available for BHMS students in Lucknow. These include government scholarships, merit-based scholarships, and scholarships for reserved category students. Students can check with their respective colleges and government portals for more details.

8. Can BHMS graduates practice allopathic medicine?

No, BHMS graduates cannot practice allopathic medicine. They are licensed to practice homeopathy only. Practicing allopathy without the required qualifications is illegal.

9. What are the job prospects after completing BHMS?

Job prospects after BHMS are promising. Graduates can work in homeopathic clinics, hospitals, research centers, educational institutions, and pharmaceutical companies. They can also start their private practice.

10. How can I apply for BHMS counseling in Uttar Pradesh?

Candidates can apply for BHMS counseling in Uttar Pradesh by registering on the official website of the Directorate of AYUSH, Uttar Pradesh, after the NEET-UG results are declared. They need to fill in their details, upload necessary documents, and pay the counseling fee.