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meredpremium-fashion · 2 years ago

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indusviva · 2 years ago

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Illegality of Direct Selling: Myth or Truth - indusviva

A case study based on the recent allegations on IndusViva

Direct Selling refers to marketing, distribution and sale of goods or providing services through a network of people. The roots of Direct Selling can be trailed back to the United States of America, which is known as the ‘Motherland of Direct Selling’. Unfortunately, the growth and success of this industry led to the development of fraud money circulation schemes in the name of Direct Selling. Since its inception, the industry has started facing several issues. It is often mistaken as a money chain or money circulation because there is a thin line between the two, similar to water and acid. You can’t distinguish if you don’t taste it. The absence of specific laws and norms to regulate direct selling companies was the reason behind this misconception. The ordinary people failed to notice the significant difference between Direct Selling and money circulation; the former compensate the direct sellers based on the sales volume generated, whereas the latter pays merely based on the recruitment.

In 1979, one of the pioneering companies in the Direct Selling industry, Amway, was identified as a legitimate business organization by the US Federal Trade Commission. Still, it took few decades for this giant to get this clean chit.

During the mid-1990s, the new model of economic reforms known as LPG, Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization model posed a boon for increasing revenue. In this period, Direct Selling made its way into the country with global companies like Oriflame, Amway, Avon, etc., followed by Indian companies, which became industry giants later. However, it continued to face challenges at every step. Time and again, it became mistaken as fraudulent Pyramid or Ponzi schemes. With the progress in the Direct Selling industry, money chain and money circulation schemes started taking birth just like unwanted weeds in paddy fields. People were lured in the name of quick and easy money, similar to mirages on a summer afternoon. FICCI, in association with KPMG, studied and highlighted the following causes due to this ignorance:

Amendment in the PCMCS Act

Need to streamline FDI policy

Need for a clear definition

Need for a governing legislation

Need for a nodal ministry

The industry witnessed a revolution by issuing Direct Selling Guidelines 2016 and this new fiscal restructuring by the then Government of India through the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, under the ministry of Late Ram Vilas Paswan. It changed the horoscope of the industry altogether. Consisting of the guiding principles for State Governments to consider Direct Selling as regular businesses and appointing a monitoring mechanism to prevent any fraud in the best interests of the people involved in the business or customers was the main highlight. Following the guidelines, many states involved in this business has appointed a nodal authority for strict supervision.

Direct Selling is a retailing chain for marketing products and services directly to the consumers or customers, and people involved in this business are called Direct Sellers. According to Consumer Protection Act 2019, it is a legal, economic activity that helps entrepreneurs build a business by working self-reliantly with less overhead costs. The Act also endorses MLM while defining that when a person buys, he becomes a consumer. Multi-Level Marketing is a kind of direct selling in which a direct seller is paid compensation for the sales generated and the sales of their direct selling network who they recruit or sponsor directly or indirectly, referred to as ‘downline’. The term carries a negative image widely, whereas the Act endorsed it and their network of Direct Sellers. This business has gained momentum as the Direct Selling industry provides an alternative employment opportunity. People can enjoy financial freedom by earning a commission from the sale of products or services. It has paved the way for women empowerment and taken up several CSR initiatives. As per an existing report, the Indian Direct Selling Market is around INR 72 billion and is estimated to reach around INR 645 billion by 2025.

Although there is a guideline and most state governments have appointed monitoring mechanisms, the absence of an exclusive law still led to the discriminatory approach of people or authority, and they are unable to distinguish between legitimate Multi-level Marketing companies and fraudulent money circulation schemes. It is hopeful for the industry that the Ministry of Consumer Affairs (Direct Selling Rules 2021) shall help. According to Direct Selling Guidelines 2016 (Clause 1.7), a Direct Selling entity is not engaged in a pyramid scheme that sells or offers to sell goods or services through a direct seller. In the Guidelines, Clause 1, Sub-clause 11, the first paragraph defines the Pyramid scheme, and the second paragraph clearly explains how Direct Selling is different from Pyramid Scheme by laying down few conditions. Even after the clarity provided in the Guidelines, as mentioned above, misinterpretation by the law enforcement agencies continued. For example, one of India's leading Direct Selling companies, IndusViva HealthSciences Private Limited, situated in Bangalore, fell prey to legal issues despite abiding by all the rules and regulations. After fighting for long, on 26th July 2021, the Hon’ble High Court of Telangana passed an interim order on the writ petition filed by the company, guiding to de-freeze all the bank accounts and resume daily operations. Besides, the court had set away an impugned Preventive Detention order on the prime people of the company on 27th September 2021. Established in 2014, the company complies with the Central Direct Selling Guidelines-2016, Telangana State Direct Selling Guidelines2017 and is registered as per Companies Act-2013. When Kerala Govt. issued their first Multi-level Marketing guidelines on 14th September 2015, regarding Kerala Finance Bill 2015, according to Kerala Value Added Tax (KVAT) Act, 2003, which was the first of its kind. IndusViva got the first registration as per the guidelines mentioned above and the first direct selling company to be legalized by any state government. It is enlisted in the provisional list of direct selling entities published by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs after due scrutiny, hence stands upright as a legal entity. With valid and authorized certifications, IndusViva conforms with the Consumer Protection Act 2019 and the Direct Selling Guidelines 2016.

How DS Guidelines distinguishes the Money Chain? However, the time taken to prove the legitimacy, many damages already happened to building business and destroyed lakhs of career. IndusViva and other such companies are getting trapped due to which expert opinion is required because expertise is lacking on the part of the police. Let’s analyse- Direct selling guidelines 2016 has differentiated the pyramid scheme based on enrolment and direct selling (Clause 1, sub-clause 11: a-g).

Provided that the above definition of “Pyramid Scheme” will not apply to a multi-layered network of subscribers to scheme formed by Direct Selling Entity, which consists of subscribers enrolling one or more subscribers to receive the benefit, directly or indirectly, where the benefit is a result of the sale of goods or services by subscribers and the scheme/financial arrangement complies with all of the following:

a) It has no provision that Direct Sellers will receive remuneration or incentives for the recruitment/enrolment of new participants.

b) It does not require the participant to purchase goods or services:

i. for an amount that exceeds the amount for which such goods or services can be expected to be sold or resold to consumers;

ii. for the quantity of goods or services that exceeds an amount which can be expected to be consumed, or sold or resold to consumers;

c) It does not require participants to pay any entry/registration fee, cost of sales demonstration equipment and materials or other fees relating to participation;

d) It provides participants with a written contract describing the “material terms” of participation;

e) It allows or provides for a participant a reasonable cooling-off period to participate or cancel participation in the scheme and receive a refund of any consideration given to participate in the operations;

f) It allows or provides for a buy-back or repurchase policy for “currently marketable” goods or services sold to participants at the request of the participants at reasonable terms;

g) It establishes a grievance redressal mechanism for consumers, more particularly described in Clause 7 herein.

Verification based on these conditions, it can be concluded that whether a company is a legitimate Direct Selling/ Multi-level Marketing company or a Ponzi Scheme. In the same manner, it can be clearly understood that IndusViva HealthSciences Pvt. Ltd. is not a money circulation scheme.

There are nodal authorities appointed in several states to govern, alert, and monitor the entire structure just for the namesake. Still, it’s not functioning the way it is expected to do in specific states like Telangana. Some of the designated departments even refused to accept companies' undertakings as specified in the Direct Selling Guidelines issued by the government of the same state. Therefore, there should be a central monitoring authority with counterparts at the state level, including experts who can distinguish between Direct Selling/ Multi-level Marketing and Ponzi scheme/ Money circulation schemes. For instance, there’s IRDA for insurance companies, SEBI for stock exchange.

#indusviva #vibrantviva #mlmcompany

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gallivanterdelhi · 4 years ago

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भारत मे मल्टी लेवल मार्केटिंग का भविष्‍य क्या है, जाने कुछ ज़रूरी बातें

भारत मे मल्टी लेवेल मार्केटिंग यानी की MLM कोई नया कॉन्सेप्ट नही है जिसे हम आपको आज अवगत करवा रहे है, क्योकि इसका सीधा मतलब है की किसी भी इंसान को अपने लॉजिक से कोई प्लान जोइन करवाना और अपने और अपने साथ जुड़े हुए लोगो की इनकम करवाना. मतलब बिल्कुल साफ है इन सब प्लानो मे एक लीडर होता है जो अपने नीचे कुछ लोगो को जोड़ता है और उनके द्वारा किए गये इनवेस्टमेंट से कुछ इनकम कमाता है, फिर जब और लोग उन लोगो…

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#assocham #Association #commerce #direct selling #Direct Selling and Multi level #federation #ficci #government #india #legal #ministry #mlm #MLM Scam #multi level marketing #network marketing #network marketing scam #Scam

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mansbestfriendmio · 4 years ago

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onlinecasinobetting-blog1 · 5 years ago

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Online Gambling

Internet Casinos Inc. (ICI), the world's first online casino, started operating from August 18, 1995, with 18 different games. Ever since then a lot more than 1,400 websites, mostly domiciled in small Caribbean islands, have given rise to an industry that grosses over $3 billion a year. In fact no business on the Internet earns more revenue than online gambling. Out of the estimated 14.5 million online gamblers, almost 30 per cent are from Asia.

A bet could be placed in minutes. A person with a bank card can create an offshore currency account with เว็บไซต์การพนันบาคาร่า, leaving them free to place bets on sports like Wimbledon, cricket, horse racing and Formula One, or join an electronic casino to play slot machines, roulette, blackjack, poker etc. Companies like Flutter and Betmart accept bets on anything from who is going to win the Nobel Prize to whether Madonna is obtaining a divorce or not. Bets can range from a nickel to tens and thousands of dollars and according to whether you win or lose the total amount is automatically adjusted to your account. The final balance can then either be mailed to you or left for future bets.

Regulations associated with online gambling in India needs to be understood within the country's socio-cultural context. At the outset, gambling, although not absolutely prohibited in India, does not receive express encouragement by policy makers. The Indian organized gambling industry is estimated to be worth around US$8 billion. While stringent laws have checked the proliferation of casinos and high street gaming centres as in a number of other countries, barring the state of Goa, the lottery business remains probably the most post popular type of gambling.

Though gambling isn't illegal, it's a highly controlled and regulated activity. Modern India is really a quasi-federal Constitutional democracy and the powers to legislate are distributed at the federal along with the state levels. Gambling features in List II of the Constitution of India, this implies that the state governments have the authority to enact laws to be able to regulate gambling in the respective states. Thus, there's not one law governing gambling in the entire country. Different states have different laws governing gambling as well as the laws which have a software throughout the country. Although some states have banned lotteries, other states allow state government lotteries marketed and distributed in other lottery playing and promoting states through private entities.

Regulation of gambling

The courts have defined gambling as'the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize '. The dominant element of skill or chance shall determine the character of the game. A game title might be deemed to be gambling if the element of chance or luck predominates in deciding its outcome. Consequently, Indian courts have held that betting on horse racing and a couple of card games are not gambling. The right to undertake the company of gambling and lotteries isn't considered as a fundamental right protected by the Constitution of India. It might however be pointed out that the state government run lotteries make significant contributions to the state exchequer of several state governments and the Union government, and hence there's a resistance to accomplish prohibition.

And whoever publishes any proposal to cover any sum, or to deliver any goods, or to accomplish or forbear doing anything for the advantage of any person, on any event or contingency relative or applicable to the drawing of any ticket, lot, number or figure in such lottery, shall be punished with fine which can extend to 1 thousand rupees.

Internet gambling

Regulations linked to gambling can also be applicable to online gambling. All gambling contracts are regarded as wagering contracts and it's difficult to enforce such contracts underneath the ICA, detailed above.

As stated earlier, the web lottery is typically the most popular type of internet gambling in India. Most companies marketing and distributing or conducting state government-sponsored lotteries through the net are prohibited to market their services in the us that banned lotteries. Typically, these marketers and distributors limit their online services to consumers that are residents of the states in which a lottery is permissible. Notwithstanding the fact there's been no reported case of breach by any company promoting online lotteries, most of these companies (as a safeguard) seek an undertaking from their consumers relating with their residence.

There have been instances where one state has banned the lottery of other states, including online lotteries. In a recent case, the Karnatka High Court upheld your choice of the Karnataka government to create itself a'lottery free zone'by imposing a ban on lotteries of most other states, including online lotteries underneath the Lotteries (Regulation) Act 1998. Their state government, in this instance, directed the closure of the terminals and kiosks selling the web lotteries.

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totojeong5o-blog · 5 years ago

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Online Gambling

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Online Casinos Inc. (ICI), the world's initially on line on line casino, started out running from August 18, 1995, with eighteen distinct video games. Due to the fact then a lot more than 1,400 sites, mostly domiciled in small Caribbean islands, have specified increase to an market that grosses more than $3 billion a 12 months. In truth no business enterprise to the Online earns extra revenue than on-line gambling. From the believed 14.5 million on line gamblers, nearly thirty for each cent are from Asia.

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A bet is often placed in minutes. Any individual with a bank card can create an offshore currency account which has a gambling website, leaving them cost-free to put bets on sporting events like Wimbledon, cricket, horse racing and Components One, or join a virtual on line casino to play slot equipment, roulette, blackjack, poker etc. Corporations like Flutter and Betmart acknowledge bets on nearly anything from who is about to win the Nobel Prize as to whether Madonna is acquiring a divorce or not. Bets can range from a nickel to 1000's of dollars and in keeping with regardless of whether you earn or shed the amount is mechanically adjusted to your account. The final stability can then possibly be mailed for you or left for long run bets.

The law associated with on the net gambling in India must be recognized within the country's socio-cultural context. Within the outset, gambling, while not totally prohibited in India, will not receive specific encouragement by coverage makers. The Indian arranged gambling market is believed to be worthy of all-around US$8 billion. Even though stringent legal guidelines have checked the proliferation of casinos and substantial street gaming centres as in several other nations around the world, barring the condition of Goa, the lottery organization remains one of the most article preferred method of gambling.

However gambling isn't unlawful, it truly is a really controlled and regulated activity. Modern India is a quasi-federal Constitutional democracy and the powers to legislate are distributed at the federal together with the condition degrees. Gambling characteristics in Checklist II from the Constitution of India, this suggests the state governments hold the authority to enact rules so that you can regulate gambling inside the respective states. Hence, there isn't a single legislation governing gambling while in the whole state. Different states have unique guidelines governing gambling in addition to the guidelines that have an software across the nation. Whilst some states have banned lotteries, other states let point out govt lotteries marketed and distributed in other lottery participating in and selling states through personal entities.

Regulation of gambling

The courts have outlined gambling as 'the payment of a rate for a chance to gain a prize'. The dominant ingredient of talent or prospect shall ascertain the nature of the recreation. A video game may perhaps be considered to become gambling if the factor of likelihood or luck predominates in choosing its result. As a result, Indian courts have held that betting on horse racing and some card game titles are certainly not gambling. The right to undertake the business enterprise of gambling and lotteries is not regarded as a essential correct shielded by the Structure of India. It may nonetheless be identified that the point out federal government operate lotteries make substantial contributions towards the state exchequer of several point out governments as well as the Union government, and therefore there is a resistance to accomplish prohibition.

The following laws is pertinent to gambling:

The public Gaming Act, 1867

This Act presents punishment for public gambling and for maintaining of a 'common gaming house'. This Act also authorises the point out governments to enact guidelines to control public gambling in their respective jurisdictions. The penal legislations in respective states have been amended in accordance with their policy on gambling. On the other hand, this laws doesn't have any direct effect on on the web gambling except if a large interpretation is offered towards the definition of prevalent gaming household in order to incorporate virtual community forums as well.

The Indian Deal Act, 1872 (ICA)

The ICA is a codified umbrella legislation that governs all commercial contracts in India. Under the ICA, a wagering deal is the a person which cannot be enforced. The Act lays down; 'Agreements through wager are void, and no fit shall be brought for recovering nearly anything alleged being won on any wager or entrusted to any person to abide via the result of any activity or other unsure party on which any wager is made'. Gambling, lottery and prize games have held to get wagering contracts and thus void and unenforceable. When a wagering deal will not be illegal, it can not be enforced in the courtroom of legislation. Hence, the courts will not likely entertain any result in of action that occurs out of a wagering agreement.

Lotteries (Regulation) Act, 1998

This Act presents a framework for arranging lotteries within the region. Underneath this Act, the state governments have already been approved to advertise too as prohibit lotteries in their territorial jurisdiction. This Act also presents to the method wherein the lotteries are to become executed and prescribes punishment just in case of breach of its provision. Lotteries not licensed from the condition happen to be built an offence beneath the Indian Penal Code. Many non-lottery enjoying states, like Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, have prohibited the sale of other state-government lotteries underneath this Act.

Indian Penal Code, 1860

Part 294A promotions with maintaining lottery workplace. It states that whoever retains any office environment or place with the function of drawing any lottery not currently being a Point out lottery or a lottery authorised through the State Government, shall be punished with imprisonment of possibly description for just a expression which can extend to 6 months, or with wonderful, or with both equally.

And whoever publishes any proposal to pay any sum, or to provide any merchandise, or to complete or forbear undertaking just about anything for that profit of any person, on any function or contingency relative or relevant for the drawing of any ticket, great deal, quantity or figure in any these lottery, shall be punished with good which can prolong to one thousand rupees.

Online gambling

The regulation similar to gambling is also applicable to online gambling. All gambling contracts are regarded to generally be wagering contracts and it's not at all attainable to enforce this sort of contracts underneath the ICA, specific over.

As identified previously, the net lottery is the most well known sort of world wide web gambling in India. Most firms promoting and distributing or conducting point out government-sponsored lotteries as a result of the net will not be permitted to sell their expert services while in the states that banned lotteries. Most often, these entrepreneurs and distributors restrict their on line products and services to consumers that are inhabitants from the states where a lottery is permissible. Notwithstanding the actual fact there have been no documented case of breach by any corporation selling on line lotteries, the majority of these organizations (to be a safeguard) request an enterprise from their customers referring to their residence.

There happen to be situations exactly where just one point out has banned the lottery of other states, such as on the internet lotteries. Inside of a modern scenario, the Karnatka Superior Court upheld the decision of your Karnataka authorities to help make itself a 'lottery cost-free zone' by imposing a ban on lotteries of all other states, like on the net lotteries underneath the Lotteries (Regulation) Act 1998. The state governing administration, in this case, directed the closure of your terminals and kiosks providing the net lotteries.

Enforcement about overseas jurisdictions

If your web-sites are hosted and operated from outdoors India, it may be hard for that Indian authorities to difficulty any directive to close them down or prohibit their access with out working with its blocking powers below the ITA. The authorities have little to worry about, as Indian international trade rules usually do not permit remittances outside India for gambling related action, this sort of as being the invest in of lottery tickets, soccer pools and sweepstakes. As being a result, a gambling web-site hosted outdoors India aiming at acquiring dollars from within India simply cannot do this by way of lawful channels.

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thinkdirectsales · 5 years ago

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Direct Selling Industry – The Dawn of Women Entrepreneurs

While we as Indians are busy discussing the pros & cons of the Direct Selling industry, it is amazing to see that women contribute 53 percent of entrepreneurs engaged in the $1.5 billion (Rs 98.5 billion) direct selling industry in India, a report by the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations (WFDSA) said.

5.1 million people in 2017 with 2.7 million women, the numbers are staggeringly reflecting a healthy the growth trend in contribution to the sector by women entrepreneurs at a time when India is witnessing a rise in unemployment rates.

Meanwhile, a report by FICCI-KPMG predicts that with adequate regulatory support, retail sales in direct selling could reach Rs 645 billion by 2025 and provide self-employment opportunities to 18 million Indians by 2025, of which 60 percent could be women.

“Direct selling opportunities are a great way to generate self-employment opportunities in India which face challenges for employment generation today. The potential for this industry to grow and provide direct and indirect employment, contribute to the economy and help with skills development for women and youth is enormous, provided a clear regulatory framework protects all the stakeholders of this industry,” says Vijay Sardana, Chairman, Task Force to Direct Selling Assocham.

Direct Sales the arena has proved to be one of the quickest, easiest and best available options for women throughout the age spectrum. Listed below are a few reasons why more and more females should enter the direct selling business:

Flexi Working Hours- Unlike other industries where women have to go out and work for set dedicated hours, the direct selling business offers them with time flexibility. They get the freedom to work in different shifts as per their time and convenience

Immediate Source of Income- Direct sales offers an immediate source of income to these women. Many companies offer performance-based incentives, bonuses, trips, etc. to encourage and motivate them to work

Skills & Qualification- Women have better convincing skills and good selling techniques that are required to approach customers and promote the brand. This business does not require any specific qualifications. One needs to have a good understanding of the product and decent demonstrating skills. Hence, it provides a platform to women to become economically independent without any additional investment or cost

Personality Development & Training – Thousands of women are benefited by the regular training to boost up their leadership and sales skills. This is an opportunity that helps them in improving their interpersonal skills and gives them an opportunity to be the leaders, where they are able to build a team, mentor and train others.

Work from Home- Along with the option of flexible hours, the field also provides women with the option to work from home. Working from home helps them in devoting their time to their families and for personal engagements, simultaneously ensuring that their professional growth is up to speed and is not hampered.

The Indian direct selling industry has been growing at an exponential pace over the last few years to become a part of the ‘billion-dollar club’ of the multi-billion-dollar global direct selling industry.

Think Direct Sales believes that Women Entrepreneurs of India has an immense role to play in the fast & positive growth of the Direct Selling industry in the coming years, as it is just the “Dawn of Women Entrepreneurs”.

For more such informative blogs & articles, catch us at www.thinkdirectsales.com, the one-stop the destination for branding, blogs, vlogs, digital solutions and much more to stay a step ahead in the Direct Selling industry.

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directsellingnow · 4 months ago

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Direct Selling Future: 5 नई डायरेक्ट सेलिंग कंपनियां FDSA की फेलो मेम्बर बनीं

Direct Selling Future: दिनांक 08-जुलाई-2024 को होटल रेडिसन ब्लू, द्वारका, नई दिल्ली में आयोजित 27वीं एक्ज़ीक्यूटिव बाॅडी मीटिंग में पांच नई कंपनियों ने एफडीएसए मेम्बरशिप के लिए स्क्रूटिनी प्राॅसेस क्वालीफ़ाई किया और उनकी फेलो मेम्बरशिप को मान्यता दी गई। माननीय सांसद श्री प्रवीन खंडेलवाल ने कंपनियों के मैनेजिंग डायरेक्टर प्रिया गुप्ता-सुमित गुप्ता (जेडी ड्रीम्स नेटवर्क प्रा. लिमिटेड, गाज़ियाबाद),…

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bountyofbeads · 5 years ago

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The 'fool' that fentanyl made into a millionaire

https://apnews.com/ce51cf7c958643629bce76764f71058d

This is a fascinating read 📖 looking at who stoked and helped create the Fentanyl Crisis that has taken so many lives. 😱 😭 😭 😭

The 'Fool ' That Fentanyl Made Into A Millionaire

By CLAIRE GALOFARO and LINDSAY WHITEHURST | Published September 14, 2019 10:20 AM ET | AP | Posted September 14, 2019 10:40 AM ET |

SALT LAKE CITY (AP) — The photo that flashed onto the courtroom screen showed a young man dead on his bedroom floor, bare feet poking from the cuffs of his rolled up jeans. Lurking on a trash can at the edge of the picture was what prosecutors said delivered this death: an ordinary, U.S. Postal Service envelope.

It had arrived with 10 round, blue pills inside, the markings of pharmaceutical-grade oxycodone stamped onto the surface. The young man took out two, crushed and snorted them. But the pills were poison, prosecutors said: counterfeits containing fatal grains of fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid that has written a deadly new chapter in the American opioid epidemic.

The envelope was postmarked from the suburbs of Salt Lake City.

That's where a clean-cut, 29-year-old college dropout and Eagle Scout named Aaron Shamo made himself a millionaire by building a fentanyl trafficking empire with not much more than his computer and the help of a few friends.

___

This story was produced in partnership with the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.

___

For three weeks this summer, those suburban millennials climbed onto the witness stand at his federal trial and offered an unprecedented window into how fentanyl bought and sold online has transformed the global drug trade. There was no testimony of underground tunnels or gangland murders or anything that a wall at the southern border might stop. Shamo called himself a "white-collar drug dealer," drew in co-workers from his time at eBay and peppered his messages to them with smiley-face emojis. His attorney called him a fool; his primary defense was that he isn't smart enough to be a kingpin.

How he and his friends managed to flood the country with a half-million fake oxycodone pills reveals the ease with which fentanyl now moves around the world, threatening to expand the epidemic beyond America's borders. It is so potent, so easy to transport, experts say, large-scale traffickers no longer require sophisticated networks to send it to any corner of the globe. All they need is a mailbox, internet access and people with an appetite for opioids. And consumption rates are rising from Asia to Europe to Latin America as pharmaceutical companies promote painkillers abroad.

The case against Shamo detailed how white powder up to 100 times stronger than morphine was bought online from a laboratory in China and arrived in Utah via international mail; it was shaped into perfect-looking replicas of oxycodone tablets in the press that thumped in Shamo's basement and resold on the internet's black markets. Then it was routed back into the postal system in thousands of packages addressed to homes across this country awash with prescription painkiller addiction.

When Shamo took the stand to try to spare himself a lifetime in prison, he began with a nervous chuckle. He careened from one topic to the next in a monologue prosecutors would later describe as masterful manipulation to convince the jury he thought his drug-dealing was helping people. Customers wrote thank you notes because their doctors refused to prescribe more painkillers, he said. It felt like "a win-win situation" — he got rich and his customers got drugs.

One of them was a struggling 21-year-old named Ruslan Klyuev who died in his bedroom in Daly City, California, the envelope from Utah at his feet. Shamo was charged in connection to that overdose alone, but when investigators scoured the list of customers they said they counted dozens more dead.

___

The question before this jury is being debated all across America: Two decades into the opioid epidemic, is there such a thing as justice for 400,000 lost lives?

The largest civil litigation in history is testing how the pharmaceutical industry should be held accountable for inundating the country with billions of addictive pain pills. Purdue Pharma, seen by many as the primary villain for deceptively pushing the blockbuster drug OxyContin, reached a tentative $12 billion settlement this week with about half the states and roughly 2,000 local governments. Attorneys general who didn't sign on say the figure is far too low. A trial of other pharmaceutical companies is scheduled for next month, in which communities will contend that their mass marketing of prescription painkillers sparked an epidemic.

This crisis began in the 1990s and has since has spiraled into waves, each worse than the one before: Prescription opioids spread addiction, then a crackdown on prescribing paved the road to heroin, which led to fentanyl — a synthetic opioid made entirely in a laboratory. Traffickers added it to heroin to boost its potency and profitability. That transition happened slowly at first, then with extraordinary ferocity.

By 2017, deaths from synthetic opioids had increased more than 800 percent, to 28,466, dragging the United States' overall life expectancy down for a third consecutive year for the first time in a century. Fentanyl deaths have been reported abroad, in Canada, Sweden, Estonia, the United Kingdom. Countries with surging prescription opioid addiction, like Australia, fear they are on the brink.

"Fentanyl will be the bubonic plague," said Mike Vigil, former chief of international operations for the Drug Enforcement Administration, warning that any country with a burgeoning prescription opioid problem could soon find itself following American footsteps. "It's just a matter of time."

No one can say exactly how or why fentanyl, first synthesized in 1959 as a powerful painkiller, entered the modern illicit drug market, said Bryce Pardo, a researcher at the Rand Corporation. In 2013, people began overdosing on heroin laced with fentanyl in New England and Ohio, and it spread from there. Shabbir Safdar, the Partnership for Safe Medicines' executive director, said the first known death from a fentanyl-laced pill was in San Francisco in October 2015.

It was a frightening development: The DEA estimates 3.4 million Americans misuse prescription painkillers, compared to 475,000 heroin users — meaning the pool potentially exposed is 10 times bigger.

There are two sources of supply. Mexican cartels and packages shipped direct from China, where it is produced in a huge and under-regulated chemical sector. A Senate investigation last year found massive quantities of fentanyl pouring in from China through the Postal Service. The report largely blamed dated technology that left customs inspectors sifting through packages manually looking for "the proverbial needle in a haystack." The Postal Service wrote in a statement to The Associated Press that it is working hard with its international counterparts to close those loopholes, and is improving its technology to intercept fentanyl shipments.

By the time a seized package heading from China to Utah led investigators to Shamo, he had already turned fentanyl into at least 458,946 potentially poisonous pills, the government said. There are many more like him, officials say, upstart traffickers pressing pure Chinese-made fentanyl into pills in their basements and kitchens with unsophisticated equipment. In a single batch, one pill might have no fentanyl and another enough to kill a person instantly. One agent at Shamo's trial compared it to making chocolate-chip cookies, only if too many chips ended up in a "cookie," whoever ate it dropped dead.

For traffickers, the profit margins are irresistible: The DEA estimates a kilogram of fentanyl synthesized for a few thousand dollars could make a dealer more than $1 million.

"Any moron can basically become a major drug kingpin by dealing in fentanyl," said Vigil. "You can have somebody with an IQ minus 100 who becomes an overnight multimillionaire."

___

Aaron Shamo dreamed of entrepreneurial riches. He idolized Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, and studied self-improvement books like "Think and Grow Rich."

He and a longtime friend, Drew Crandall, worked at eBay after failed stints in college. But Crandall was fired and Shamo decided it was "unfair" that he still had to work, so he quit. They wanted easy money.

Shamo grew up in Phoenix with three older sisters. As a teenager, he started smoking pot and refusing to attend services with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. His parents sent him to boarding school in Utah, where he earned his Eagle Scout badge. He later met Crandall through their shared love of longboarding and they moved in together. Crandall was awkward and shy; Shamo was charismatic, and prided himself on helping his friend talk to girls.

The pair concocted a plan to sell their Adderall, prescribed for attention deficit disorder, on the dark web — a wild, unregulated layer of the internet reached through a special browser. There are underground marketplaces there that mimic Amazon or eBay, where guns and drugs and pirated software are traded. Money is exchanged anonymously through cryptocurrencies like bitcoin.

They learned what they needed on the web, searching with queries like "how to ship drugs." It was so easy. They expanded, ordering drugs in bulk, breaking them down and selling at a mark-up, all while barely having to leave the house.

They used the postal system like a drug mule, peddling the club drug MDMA, magic mushrooms, date rape drugs — they once bought a kilogram of cocaine from Peru. They recruited friends, offering them $100 to have parcels mailed to their homes, no questions asked.

But the profit margins were slim and their ambitions were greater: They bought a pill press, ordered the sedative alprazolam online from India and watched YouTube videos to figure out how to turn it into fake Xanax, an anti-anxiety medication. Crandall, math minded, created the recipe. They mixed it up by shaking it in mason jars.

Then Crandall fell in love.

His new girlfriend grew suspicious when he would sneak away to package drugs. When she confronted him at a party, he tearfully confessed. She forgave him, if he promised to leave the business. They bought one-way tickets to New Zealand.

Then a local drug dealer made a suggestion to Shamo that would change the course of his life: There was a fortune to be made in producing fake oxycodone.

Shamo enlisted his gym buddy, Jonathan Luke Paz, to help him. Shamo ordered fentanyl online from China, set up the pill press in the basement and bought dyes and stamps to match popular pharmaceuticals. Then they handed them over to the local dealer, who tested them on his own customers. The first batches were weak or speckled in color, he told them, or didn't react like real oxycodone when users heated it on tinfoil to smoke it.

But they were getting better.

"Close to being money in the bank," the dealer messaged Shamo. "You did it, bro."

On the first day of 2016, Shamo he wrote out his goals for the upcoming year: He would be rich. All the girls would want him.

"I will overachieve," he wrote. "I will overcome."

He went online with his products a month later. Some were specified as fentanyl, but some weren't, purporting instead to contain 30 milligrams of oxycodone. Shamo named this new store Pharma-Master.

___

As winter turned to summer, sales skyrocketed. Pharma-Master started selling thousands of pills a week, charging around $10 each.

On June 6, a relatively small order came in: 10 pills, to be shipped to an apartment house in Daly City, a working-class suburb of San Francisco.

Like every order, it was sent in an encrypted email to two former eBay co-workers in charge of distribution. Alexandrya Tonge and Katherine Bustin counted out the pills in their suburban condo, packaged the shipments and dropped them in the mail.

The envelope arrived at the doorstep at 3 p.m. on June 11.

Under different circumstances, Shamo might have been friends with the 21-year-old man who lived there. Ruslan Klyuev, a Russian immigrant, was also an aspiring tech entrepreneur interested in the dark web. He had a baby face: rosy cheeks and curly hair. Klyuev loved to cook and would make extravagant meals for the house.

But his relationship ended, his web design business sputtered and he became estranged from his family, said Barry, a roommate who spoke on the condition that his last name not be published. His emotions toggled between sorrow and elation, and he struggled with substance abuse.

After drinking vodka, Klyuev crushed two of the pills with a battery and snorted the powder with a rolled-up sticky note, according to testimony. He started drifting in and out of sleep. He couldn't stand up.

He was found dead the next day, with fentanyl, alcohol and a substance associated with cocaine in his system.

His was the only death with which Shamo would be charged. His defense attorney, Greg Skordas, argued that neither his death nor any others can be definitely linked with Shamo's operation.

But in documents, prosecutors connected Shamo to a veritable slaughter:

A 24-year-old man in Seattle overdosed three weeks after he bought pills from Pharma-Master in March 2016.

Later that spring, 40 pills were shipped to a 21-year-old in Washington, D.C. He died in his dorm room 11 days later.

In Utah, a 29-year-old software analyst named Devin Meldrum had been searching since he was a teenager for a cure for cluster headaches that felt like knives stabbing his skull, said his father, Rod.

Doctors had prescribed opioids but limited the dosage, so he bought a backup supply from Pharma-Master. On Aug. 13, 2016, he ran out of pills days before his refill. As he got ready for bed, he texted his fiance and took a pill from his reserve for the first time, his father said.

He was dead before she arrived to say goodnight, blue on his bathroom floor.

His father isn't sure Shamo even now understands the magnitude of what happened: "Does he even comprehend how many families have had their hearts torn out?"

___

Online, Pharma-Master was getting rave reviews.

"These will make u a millionaire in under a year, guarantee," wrote one shopper who called himself "Trustworthy Money."

He was a dealer in Portland named Jared Gillespie. He bought 80,000 pills from Pharma-Master, according to documents filed against Gillespie in Oregon. He knew he was buying fentanyl pills, the Oregon prosecutors alleged, but the people buying from him had no way to know that. They are unknown and uncounted.

Shamo offered steep discounts for bulk buyers. Tonge, one of his distributors, testified that she began to question Shamo's claim that he was helping patients who couldn't get medication: Why would one person need 5,000 pills?

Her vacuum cleaner would become a critical piece of evidence. Its dust bin was filled with pills. The operation had grown so frantic, pumping out tens of thousands of tablets a month, that when they spilled onto the floor, they weren't worth saving.

Tonge and her partner complained that the orders were coming too quickly, so Shamo hired a "runner" named Sean Gygi to pick up the packages and drop them in the mail, dozens of them a day.

Drug manufacturing became routine: Shamo once wrote himself a to-do list, and included a reminder to "make blues," the street name for oxycodone, along with getting a haircut, washing his sheets, cleaning the kitchen. And Shamo planned to expand. He bought another press so big agents would later need a tow truck to drag it out of his garage.

The money was pouring in, and out.

Shamo hired a personal assistant; she did his shopping, had his car detailed. He stuffed a duffel bag with $429,000 cash and asked his parents to hold it. He bragged to friends about VIP bottle service at clubs and gambling in Las Vegas. He shopped for real estate in Puerto Rico; took photos sipping champagne on a cruise ship; bought designer jeans, an 88-inch television, a boat and BMW.

Crandall and his girlfriend posted photos on Instagram of trips to Laos, Thailand, Singapore, kayaking and partying. But he was running out of money and agreed to become a remote customer service representative. The list of people accepting packages from China ballooned to more than a dozen. Everyone was making easy money and getting text messages from Shamo dotted with "lol" and "awesome!"

Shamo penned another note: "I am Shamo. I am awesome. My friends love me. I created an empire."

But even as he cheered himself on, there were signs of danger.

One customer reported an overdose death. Shamo scanned obituaries, then declared it was a faked, Crandall said. Then a message said pills were making people sick.

Crandall forwarded it to Shamo with a dismissive question: Should he tell them to "suck it up?" Or send more pills to pacify them?

___

They didn't know it, but a suspicious customs agent at the Los Angeles International Airport had flagged a box from Shanghai, China, pulled it off the belt and looked inside. The agent found 98.7 grams of fentanyl powder — enough to make almost 100,000 pills. The box was destined for Utah.

Agents looked for more packages making their way from China to Utah, and eventually one arrived, said an agent with Homeland Security Investigations who spoke on condition of anonymity to protect ongoing investigations. On Nov. 8, 2016, postal inspectors seized a box en route from a port city in China known to law enforcement as a fentanyl-trafficking hub. It was addressed to Sean Gygi, Shamo's "runner," so agents arrived at his house with a search warrant.

Gygi said he thought the hundreds of envelopes he'd put in the mail contained the party drugs he sometimes took himself. Told it was fentanyl, the agent recalled, Gygi drooped.

He agreed to wear a wire while he picked up the packages, like he did every day. But instead of dropping them in the mail, he delivered them to police.

This single day's shipment contained 34,828 fentanyl pills destined for homes in 26 states.

Four days later, on Nov. 22, 2016, agents stood on Shamo's stoop, shouted through a bullhorn, then broke the door down with a battering ram. They were dressed in neon-orange hazmat suits with clear bowls around their faces that made them look like astronauts.

Shamo came up the stairs in a T-shirt and shorts, a mask and gloves in his pocket. A pill press downstairs was running, in a room with powder caked on the walls and the furniture.

Others were raiding the stash at Bustin and Tonge's condo. Veteran vice officers would say they had never seen so many pills, even in international operations. In total, they packed up over 74,000 fentanyl pills awaiting distribution.

In Shamo's sock drawer, agents found stack after stack of cash. There was more money in a safe in the closet. Agents totaled up more than $1.2 million, not including the money he had tied up in Bitcoin or bags he'd stashed with his family. Investigators eventually caught up with Paz, who Shamo paid around a dollar per pill, and he surrendered $800,000 more.

Crandall was in Laos, still traveling with his girlfriend, when he heard the news. He stored his drug-related data on a flash drive, threw it down a storm drain and sent an email to the dark web marketplace: "This account has been compromised." After a few months, he figured he was in the clear. He and his girlfriend planned their wedding and invited guests to meet them in Hawaii for the big day: May 12, 2017. They bought rings, and a dress.

Agents were waiting when they stepped onto American soil in Honolulu.

___

When Crandall sat on the witness stand, he was slump-shouldered and shackled, clumsily trying to maneuver his handcuffs to pull a tissue out of the box to wipe his eyes. In the two years since his arrest, he has been imprisoned in a county jail and watched his fellow inmates suffer the brutal fallout of an opioid epidemic. They stole from their parents, cycled in and out of jail and shivered, sweated, sobbed through withdrawal.

He'd helped feed this, he realized. For money.

He and Shamo's other ex-partners and packagers pleaded guilty, agreed to testify against their friend and hoped for mercy.

The story they told convinced the jury to convict Shamo of 12 counts, including continuing criminal enterprise, the so-called "kingpin charge" that is typically reserved for drug lords like El Chapo and carries a mandatory life sentence. The jury deadlocked, though on the 13th count: the death of Klyuev.

The bust was one of the largest operations in the country in 2016. But the fentanyl trade has only grown more sophisticated since. By comparison, Shamo now looks "small-time," said Safdar, with the Partnership for Safe Medicines. The most notorious Mexican drug cartels have transitioned to fentanyl, even as homegrown upstarts like Shamo's proliferate.

Seizure data in the United Nation's World Drug Report shows trafficking quickly expanding worldwide. In 2013, four countries reported fentanyl seizures. By 2016: 12 countries. In 2017, 16 countries reported seizing fentanyl.

And there is no reason to believe it will not spread further. In Africa and the Middle East, the synthetic opioid tramadol is widely abused, much of it illicitly manufactured in Asia. If that market transitions to fentanyl it would be catastrophic, said Scott Stewart, a former agent with the State Department. In Australia, prescription opioid consumption has quadrupled. Marianne Jauncey, medical director of a Sydney harm-reduction center, can't think of any reason fentanyl won't soon arrive — all they can do is prepare for the day that it does.

As Shamo was convicted, a single dark web marketplace still had 32,000 listings for drugs, thousands of them claiming to be oxycodone. There was no way to tell whether they originated in a pharmacy or somebody's basement.

One vendor even borrowed a version of Shamo's name. Pharmamaster peddles oxys online, sold in bulk at a discount. It has, it boasts, an "unlimited" supply.

"Pharma-grade A++," the listings promise. "24-hour shipping!"

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mikeo56 · 6 years ago

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Monsanto is strongly disputing the assessment, which was published online on March 20 (Lancet Oncol. 2015, DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70134-8).

- Chief lying bastard Phillip Miller for Monsanto never departing far from Monsanto’s constant tactic of deceit, lies that:

“We don’t know how IARC could reach a conclusion that is such a dramatic departure from the conclusion reached by all regulatory agencies around the globe,” says Philip Miller, vice president of global regulatory affairs at Monsanto.

Dramatic Conclusion: Where is Glyphosate Banned?

The following countries have issued outright bans on glyphosate, imposed restrictions or have issued statements of intention to ban or restrict glyphosate-based herbicides, including Roundup, over health concerns and the ongoing Roundup cancer litigation:

Argentina: In 2015, more than 30,000 health care professionals advocated for a glyphosate ban following the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC) report on glyphosate, which concluded the chemical is probably carcinogenic to humans. More than 400 towns and cities in Argentina have passed measures restricting glyphosate use.

Australia: Numerous municipalities and school districts throughout the country are currently testing alternative herbicides in an effort to curtail or eliminate glyphosate use. Many use steam technology for weed control on streets and in other public areas.

Belgium: Banned the individual use of glyphosate. In 2017, Belgium voted against relicensing glyphosate in the EU. The country was also one of six EU member states to sign a letter to the EU Commission calling for “an exit plan for glyphosate…” The city of Brussels banned the use of glyphosate within its territory as part of its “zero pesticides” policy.

Bermuda: Outlawed private and commercial sale of all glyphosate-based herbicides. In 2017, the government relaxed its ban on glyphosate, allowing the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to import restricted concentrations of glyphosate for managing roadside weed overgrowth.

Brazil: In August of 2018, a federal judge in Brasilia ruled that new products containing glyphosate could not be registered in the country. Existing regulations concerning glyphosate were also suspended, pending a reevaluation of toxicological data by Anvisa, the country’s health agency.

In September of 2018, a Brazilian court overturned the federal judge’s ruling. September marks Brazil’s first month of soybean planting. The country is the largest exporter of soybeans in the world, and as such, has become heavily reliant on agrochemicals. Anvisa issued a statement following the court’s decision to overturn the ruling, saying it will take necessary legal and technical steps in response. Further, Brazil’s Solicitor General’s office has said it is preparing an appeal to the court decision with support from the Agriculture Ministry.

Brazil’s health agency concluded a re-evaluation of glyphosate in February of 2019. Based on the agency’s findings, a blanket ban on glyphosate in Brazil is unlikely.

Canada: Eight out of the 10 provinces in Canada have some form of restriction on the use of non-essential cosmetic pesticides, including glyphosate. Vancouver has banned the public and private use of glyphosate, aside from the treatment of invasive weeds.

Colombia: In 2015, Colombia outlawed the use of glyphosate to destroy illegal plantations of coca, the raw ingredient for cocaine, out of concern that glyphosate causes cancer. In March of 2019, President Ivan Duque asked for the judicial ban on aerial glyphosate spraying to be lifted.

Czech Republic: Agriculture Minister Miroslav Toman said the country will limit glyphosate use starting in 2019. Specifically, the Czech Republic will ban glyphosate as a weedkiller and drying agent.

Denmark: The Danish Working Environment Authority declared glyphosate to be carcinogenic and has recommended a change to less toxic chemicals. Aalborg, one of the largest cities in Denmark, issued a private-use glyphosate ban in September of 2017. In July of 2018, the Danish government implemented new rules banning the use of glyphosate on all post-emergent crops to avoid residues on foods.

El Salvador: In 2013, the country adopted a law banning glyphosate over links to deadly kidney disease. However, by 2016, the legislation appeared to stall.

France: In November of 2017, President Emmanuel Macron announced that France would issue an outright ban on glyphosate within the next three years. Macron later backtracked, saying a blanket ban within the time frame would not be possible. Instead, France is committed to banning glyphosate for 85% of use. French authorities banned the sale, distribution, and use of Roundup 360 in early 2019.

Germany: According to Environment Minister Svenja Schulze, Germany plans to update its conditions for pesticide approval and will seek an end date for glyphosate use. Certain retail stores in Germany have also pulled glyphosate-based herbicides like Roundup from shelves.

Greece: Greece was one of nine EU countries to vote against relicensing glyphosate in November of 2017. The country was also one of six EU member states to sign a 2018 letter to the European Commission calling for “an exit plan for glyphosate…” According to the Greek Minister of Agricultural Development Evangelos Apostolou, “[i]t is our duty to push in the direction of risk management, in the interests of consumers, producers, and the environment.” In March of 2018, the Greek government approved a five-year license for Monsanto’s Roundup against the wishes of Greek environmentalists.

India: In October of 2018, the government of Punjab banned the sale of glyphosate in the state. “All pesticide manufacturers, marketers and dealers in the State shall not sell glyphosate formulations-concentrations with immediate effect. The licensing authorities have been asked to take necessary steps for removal of entries for glyphosate from the licenses issued by them,” said State Agriculture Secretary K.S. Pannu. In February of 2019, the Indian state of Kerala issued a ban on the sale, distribution and use of glyphosate.

Italy: Italy’s Ministry of Health placed a number of restrictions on glyphosate use. Italian legislators have also raised concerns about glyphosate safety, and have come out against relicensing the herbicide in the European Union. In 2016, the Italian government banned the use of glyphosate as a pre-harvest treatment and placed restrictions on glyphosate use in areas frequented by the public. In November of 2017, Italy was one of seven EU nations to vote against relicensing glyphosate.

Luxembourg: One of Luxembourg’s largest supermarket chains removed glyphosate from its shelves following the release of the IARC glyphosate report. Luxembourg was one of nine EU countries to vote against relicensing glyphosate in November of 2017, and in early 2018, the country signed a letter to the EU Commission calling for “an exit plan for glyphosate…“

Malta: Malta began the process of instituting countrywide ban of glyphosate. However, Environment Minister José Herrera backtracked in January of 2017, saying the country would continue to oppose glyphosate in discussions but would fall in line with the European Union and wait for further studies. In November of 2017, Malta was one of nine EU countries to vote against relicensing glyphosate. The country also signed a letter to the EU Commission in 2018 calling for “an exit plan for glyphosate…“

Netherlands: Banned all non-commercial use of glyphosate.

New Zealand: The cities of Auckland and Christchurch passed resolutions to reduce the usage of chemicals for weed and pest control in public places. The Physicians and Scientists for Global Responsibility, a New Zealand charitable trust, called for a glyphosate ban in 2015.

Portugal: Prohibits the use of glyphosate in all public spaces. The president of the Portuguese Medical Association has also called for a worldwide ban of glyphosate.

Scotland: Aberdeen cut back its use of herbicides and Edinburgh’s City Council voted to phase out glyphosate. In November of 2017, five of Scotland’s six EU parliamentarians voted in favor of a motion that would phase out glyphosate by 2022.

Slovenia: Slovenia was one of six EU member states to sign a 2018 letter to the European Commission citing “concerns” about the risks associated with glyphosate. The letter called upon the Commission to introduce “an exit plan for glyphosate…”

Spain: According to Kistiñe Garcia of the Spanish NGO, Ecologistas en Acción, Barcelona, Madrid, Zaragoza and the region of Extremuda have decided to ban glyphosate. The regions of La Rioja (major Spanish wine region) and Aragon have also approved motions against endocrine disrupting chemicals, which includes glyphosate.

Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka was the first country to issue a nationwide ban on glyphosate. However, in 2018, the government decided to lift the ban due to crop losses and overgrowing weeds.

Sweden: Raised concerns about glyphosate safety and has pushed against relicensing the herbicide in the EU. In 2017, the Swedish Chemicals Agency (SCA) announced it was planning to tighten rules on private use of plant protection products. Under the plan, private users would only be allowed to use products containing “low-risk substances.” According to the SCA, glyphosate is an example of an active substance not expected to be included among low-risk substances, meaning in due time, private consumers may not be permitted to use herbicides containing glyphosate.

Switzerland: Concerned about public wellbeing, the Swiss supermarket chains Migros and Coop removed glyphosate-based products from their shelves due to health risks. In 2017, the Green party put forth a plan to ban glyphosate in Switzerland. The proposed plan was rejected by the Federal Council, Switzerland’s executive.

United Kingdom: Following the landmark $289 million Monsanto Roundup verdict on Aug. 10, 2018, Homebase, one of the UK’s largest DIY retailers, announced that it would review the sale of Roundup and Ranger Pro. A number of townships, including Brighton, Frensham, Hammersmith & Fulham, Bristol, Glastonbury, Frome, North Somerset, Trafford, Lewes and Wadebridge have also voted to institute restrictions on pesticides and herbicides, including glyphosate.

The London Borough of Croydon announced at the end of 2018 that it will stop using glyphosate for grounds maintenance.

In March of 2019, Derry City in Northern Ireland issued an order to cease using glyphosate.

Vietnam: Following the jury verdict in Hardeman v. Monsanto Co., Vietnam announced that it would ban glyphosate imports. According to Hoang Trung, Director of the Plant Protection Department under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

U.S. Cities to Restrict or Ban Glyphosate

Arizona

Tucson, Arizona – Created an organics-first policy for controlling weeds on city property.

California

Arcata, California – Initiated a pesticide reduction plan that urges pesticides to only be used as a last resort.

Belvedere, California – Passed municipal ordinance initiating Integrated Pest Management program that restricts toxic pesticide use and urges pesticide use as last resort.

Benicia, California – City decided to go glyphosate-free following the verdict in Johnson v. Monsanto Co.

Berkeley, California – Implemented pest management program to minimize or eliminate the use of pesticides.

Burbank, California – City Council members voted to discontinue the use of Roundup in city parks for one year, and Burbank Unified School District will no longer use the herbicide due to cancer concerns.

Carlsbad, California – The City Council voted unanimously to adopt a policy that makes organic pesticides the preferred method for killing weeds. “Asked to choose between aesthetics and public health…I’m going to choose public health every time,” said Councilwoman Cori Schumacher.

Corte Madera, California – Passed ordinance calling for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program restricting highly toxic pesticides, while also urging for pesticide use to be a last resort.

Davis, California – Passed ordinance implementing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program designed to reduce the use of pesticides. Some city parks do not allow the use of glyphosate.

Encinitas, California – Banned the use of Roundup and other glyphosate-based weed killers in city parks.

Fairfax, California – Passed municipal ordinance restricting use of toxic pesticides on public property in favor of alternative methods.

Fresno, California – After hearing from concerned parents and employees, Fresno Unified School District is investigating the use of alternative herbicides that do not contain glyphosate, citing health risks.

Irvine, California – City Council passed resolution to cease spraying Roundup and other chemicals on public parks, streets and playgrounds.

Laguna Hills, California – Passed a resolution to test an organics-only pesticide program on two parks.

Lodi, California –The city decided to ban the use of Roundup within 25 feet of playgrounds.

Long Beach, California – Citing the landmark $289 million verdict in Johnson v. Monsanto Co., Long Beach Parks & Recreation Director Gerardo Mouet announced an immediate halt on the spraying of Roundup in Long Beach Parks.

Los Angeles County, California – The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors issued a moratorium on glyphosate-based herbicides, including Roundup weed killer.

Malibu, California – The city may implement an Earth Friendly Management Policy (EFMP) to avoid the use of pesticides and other chemicals.

Marin County, California – The county stopped using glyphosate, the active ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup weed killer, on all county-maintained parks, landscaping, playgrounds, walkways and parking areas.

Mill Valley, California – Passed ordinance initiating Integrated Pest Management program that restricts toxic pesticide use and urges pesticide use as last resort.Gly

Napa, California – A policy announced in March of 2019 banned glyphosate use on city property, completing a phase-out campaign that started three years ago.

Novato, California – Following the $289 million Monsanto verdict, Novato Mayor Josh Fryday said the city will no longer use Roundup weed killer.

Oakland, California – Passed ordinance initiating Integrated Pest Management program that restricts toxic pesticide use and promotes pesticide use as last resort. On Sept. 1, 2018, the city formally halted the use of Roundup. Alameda County is reviewing its chemical spraying practices.

Palo Alto, California – Pest management program calls for Integrated Pest Management that restricts pesticide use in favor of less harmful methods.

Petaluma, California – City officials are considering a ban on glyphosate for use in public parks.

Richmond, California – Issued an ordinance to ban the use of glyphosate for all weed abatement activities conducted by the city.

San Anselmo, California – Passed city resolution promoting an Integrated Pest Management program restricting the use of toxic pesticides. The program only allows pesticide use as a last resort.

San Francisco, California – Restricts the use of toxic pesticides on public property in favor of alternative, organic methods.

San Juan Capistrano, California – Implemented an organics-first policy to control weeds in city parks and open spaces.

San Lorenzo Valley, California – The San Lorenzo Valley Water District voted 4-1 for a permanent ban of glyphosate pesticide use by the district.

Santa Rosa, California – Banned the use of Roundup at city parks.

Sonoma, California – The Sonoma City Council voted to ban the use of glyphosate in all city parks.

Thousand Oaks, California – City instituted a ban on glyphosate use on public golf courses.

Woodland, California – Woodland Joint Unified School District suspended the use of Roundup on school campuses.

Colorado

Boulder, Colorado – Banned Roundup for use on city parks.

Durango, Colorado – Instituted an Organically Managed Lands program to minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

Connecticut

Middletown, Connecticut – Passed ordinance banning toxic pesticides and herbicides on municipally-owned fields, parks and other property.

A growing number of Connecticut towns, including Branford, Cheshire, Granby, Essex, Greenwich, Manchester, Oxford, Plainville, Roxbury, Watertown, and Woodbridge have adopted bans or restrictions on glyphosate use. The state also has Public Act 09-56 to eliminate the use pesticides in K-8 schools.

Florida

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission ceased using aquatic herbicides, glyphosate chief among them, anywhere in state waters, while the agency gathers public input.

Miami, Florida – Announced a city-wide ban on glyphosate-based herbicides in February of 2019.

Miami Beach, Florida – Passed a resolution banning the use of glyphosate weed killers for landscaping and maintenance work on city-owned property.

North Miami, Florida – City Council approved a plan calling for the gradual reduction of pesticide use on city property and a study on alternative pesticides.

Stuart, Florida – City commissioners voted to ban glyphosate, calling for an integrated pest control plan that reduces the use of glyphosate with the ultimate goal of eliminating chemicals.

Hawaii

In February of 2018, a series of bills moved ahead in the legislature that would regulate pesticides, including Roundup weed killer.

Illinois

Chicago, Illinois – The city stopped spraying glyphosate in public spaces.

Evanston, Illinois – Evanston decided to go pesticide-free in 2010. Glyphosate is banned from use on city property, parks and schools.

Franklin Park, Illinois – Passed resolution promoting an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) policy that restricts highly toxic pesticides and urges for pesticides to be considered as a last resort.

Naperville, Illinois – Created the Sustainable Parks Initiative, which uses organic products and sustainable practices for weed control.

Urbana, Illinois – Adopted the Midwest Grows Green natural lawn care initiative to eliminate synthetic lawn pesticides on city parks.

Iowa

Dubuque, Iowa – City instituted a ban on glyphosate use in public parks.

Story County, Iowa – Eliminated the use of chemical pesticides in six of its mowed turf areas.

Kansas

Lawrence, Kansas – Implemented Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program designed to reduce pesticide use.

Wichita, Kansas – Initiated pilot program that limits or eliminates pesticide use.

Maine

Dozens of cities and townships in Maine have adopted local ordinances restricting or banning pesticides and herbicides.

Portland, Maine – Banned synthetic pesticides in March of 2019. Private property owners may only use organic treatments on lawns and gardens. No pesticides may be used within 75 feet of a water body or wetland.

South Portland, Maine – Passed a pesticide plan that discourages property owners from using certain pesticides and herbicides.

Maryland

Greenbelt, Maryland – Adopted Sustainable Land Care policy for public lands calling for limited use of pesticides.

Hyattsville, Maryland – Passed ordinance prohibiting the use of toxic pesticides on public property in favor of alternative, organic methods

Montgomery County, Maryland – County Council voted to ban the use of cosmetic pesticides on private lawns. In December 2018, Montgomery County Parks announced that it would discontinue the use of glyphosate in parks.

Takoma Park, Maryland – Placed restriction on cosmetic pesticides for lawn care on public and private property.

Massachusetts

Chatham, Massachusetts – Passed an order banning glyphosate use in parks, athletic fields, mulch beds and walkways.

Eastham, Massachusetts – Local ordinance requires town employees to receive a permit for use of registered pesticides and prohibits the use of highly-toxic pesticides.

Marblehead, Massachusetts – Created Organic Pest Management program to phase out pesticides and herbicides.

Warwick, Massachusetts – A measure to ban Monsanto’s Roundup passed at a Special Town Meeting. The ban does not allow people to spray glyphosate on any land within the town.

Wellesley, Massachusetts – Wellesley banned all pesticides in 2011. Glyphosate is restricted from being sprayed on athletic fields and any city-owned property. The chemical can be used in limited emergency weed control situations.

Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota – Commissioners of the Minneapolis Parks and Recreation Board decided to eliminate all glyphosate-based products from being used in neighborhood parks. In October of 2018, the Park Board’s Operations & Environment Committee voted to extend the glyphosate ban to the entire Minneapolis park system.

Rochester, Minnesota – The Parks & Recreation Department initiated a pesticide-free pilot project for city parks.

Nevada

Reno, Nevada – The city initiated a pesticide-free pilot program.

New Hampshire

Dover, New Hampshire – Passed resolution calling for Organic Land Management. The city utilizes the least toxic compounds only when necessary.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire – Passed resolution eliminating the use of toxic pesticides on public property in favor of alternative, organic methods.

New Mexico

Taos County, New Mexico – Taos County Commissioners are considering the possibility of banning all pesticides, including glyphosate.

New Jersey

New Jersey has State and local ordinances encouraging Integrated Pest Management programs to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides. At least 15 city school districts and over a dozen other parks and recreation departments in the state have enacted IPM programs.

New York

In January of 2019, New York State Senator Brad Hoylman (27th District) sponsored a bill in the New York State Senate that would prohibit the sale and distribution of products containing glyphosate. Updates on the legislation can be found here.

New York Park Recreation Department has measures to eliminate or reduce pesticide and herbicide use in areas under its control.

New Paltz, New York – The use of toxic pesticides and herbicides by city employees or by private contractors is forbidden on all city-owned lands.

Rockland County, New York – Created a Non-Toxic Pesticide program, mandating the use of natural, non-toxic, or as a last resort with prior approval, the least toxic pesticide use.

Westchester County, New York – Enacted a law for pesticide-free parks.

North Carolina

Carrboro, North Carolina – The city of Carrboro has restricted glyphosate use since 1999. Under the terms of the ban, glyphosate cannot be sprayed in public parks, schools and town buildings or properties. The city will only allow glyphosate to be sprayed under limited circumstances.

Ohio

Cuyahoga County, Ohio – Local ordinance prohibits the use of pesticides on county-owned land and established the adoption of an Integrated Pest Management program for county-owned properties.

South Euclid, Ohio – Passed ordinance prohibiting toxic pesticides on public grounds in favor of alternative, organic pest control methods unless permitted by an Environmental Review Board.

Oregon

Portland, Oregon – Since 1988, Portland has restricted the use of Roundup to emergency use only. Glyphosate is banned on all city-owned property.

Texas

Austin, Texas – City Council voted to prohibit the spraying of glyphosate on city lands.

Vermont

Multiple bills containing restrictions or bans on glyphosate have been introduced in the legislature.

Representative Mari Cordes introduced H. 301, which would ban the sale, use or application of the herbicide glyphosate.

Representative Annmarie Christensen introduced H. 328, an act relating to the use of glyphosate herbicide.

Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia – Restricts the use of glyphosate on any city-owned parks, schools, or buildings. Glyphosate can only be sprayed under limited circumstances.

Washington

King County, Washington – Passed municipal ordinance initiating an Integrative Pest Management (IPM) program to determine if and how pesticides should be used.

Olympia, Washington – City passed a resolution to encourage the implementation of an Integrative Pest Management (IPM) program for non-chemical pest control.

Thurston County, Washington –Passed municipal ordinance to restrict the use of toxic pesticides on public property.

Monsanto now owned by Bayer is hiring a few good lying murderous bastards.

#glyphospahte #monsanto #bayer #cancer

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morse79mohamed-blog · 6 years ago

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clinical research training online

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danstory · 2 years ago

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"The world will never be the same": Oleg Noginskyi spoke about new global trends

A great interview about the new world order

The head of the expert group of the Scientific Center for Eurasian Integration told how global trends are changing before our eyes.

Oleg Noginskyi, a permanent participant of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, head of the expert group of the Scientific Center for Eurasian Integration, told Ridus in an interview about new signals were sounded at the last SPIEF — and what awaits the world economy in the new realities.

— Oleg Vladimirovich, you regularly attend the SPIEF, and this year was no exception. Has the St. Petersburg forum become different this year? Can we say that SPIEF-2022 has been filled with new meanings, taking into account the current global crisis?

— I have been participating in the SPIEF since 1997. This year the forum was categorically different from all the others. First of all, it was distinguished, finally, by the absence of our "civilized" European-American partners at the event, of which there were usually quite a lot.

Accordingly, the whole agenda was aimed not at how we strive for a "civilized" world and try to become a part of it, but at the development of our own country, at the development of relations with those countries that show an absolutely friendly attitude towards the Russian Federation.

Russia at this forum turned its face to its partners from Asian and African countries, there were large delegations from Latin America, Cuba, Myanmar, Syria and Iran, who are interested in cooperation with the Russian Federation, and not in receiving any profits and dividends at Russia's expense.

— Does this mean that there has been a so-called "economic reversal" of Russia? Can we say that Russia is demonstrating a rejection of the policy of a unipolar world imposed by the United States?

— This year, four round tables were held, which were devoted to integration in the Eurasian space. Agreements were signed all day with both the Arab Emirates and ASEAN. At the same time, these tables were fully held by the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Minister for Integration and Macroeconomics Sergey Glazyev. There were a lot of events dedicated to the Eurasian theme and the development of relations between the Eurasian Union and other associations and countries.

— In which sectors of the economy could Russia find new meanings in cooperation with Middle Eastern and Central Asian countries?

— We have fruitful cooperation with these countries already. For example, today the People's Republic of China has become the most important buyer of oil in the Russian Federation. Our coal supply to China and India is growing. The supply of energy resources and food to these countries is growing. That is, Russia is beginning to completely switch to direct supplies, largely excluding the intermediary market.

Before that, the Russian Federation sold a fairly large number of products through exchanges and major global intermediaries, which are traditionally located in London. Today, a logical question arises: why do we sell metal to the same Latin America through London, which takes this margin, when we have the opportunity to supply it directly and pay in our national currency.

This is another big issue that has been devoted quite a lot of time: forms of settlements without the use of a dollar or euro component. After recent events, we can clearly see that these currencies do not represent any legality and reliability.

— What is your forecast for the future of the global currency market? What should we expect?

— The world currency market will change in any case. Today, countries are switching to so-called regional currencies: there is an active transition to settlements, for example, the ruble-yuan, without using the dollar or euro. The issue of direct calculation of the ruble-rupee is already being considered. In fact, countries are starting to move away from settlements in dollars or euros, respectively, and from storage in these world currencies.

— Has Western sanctions pressure on Russia become a threat to the West itself?

— These processes are already manifested today. Major world players, the same countries of the Arab world, are beginning to think about making payments in other currencies and looking for another storage currency. They are well aware that at any moment their dollar accounts can be frozen, arrested and seized, simply because the United States wanted to.

— What are the dangers of attempts by Western countries to isolate Russia economically?

— The most striking picture is fuel prices in the USA and the European Union. Prices have doubled, heating prices in some countries have increased three to four times. At the same time, it did not bring any negative effect for Russia.

It is worth paying attention to Alexey Miller's speech at the SPIEF: he said very clearly that we began to sell less gas, but began to sell it much more expensive. The volume of supplies fell by 10%, and the prices of supplies increased much more. In short, we are not offended. In fact, they created problems for themselves.

But something else is surprising. It is no secret that the United States and the United Kingdom are the initiator of anti-Russian sanctions. But the main problems fall on the European Union. And the EU's logic in this situation is amazing: the US forces the European Union to buy expensive shale gas from the States, instead of buying cheap gas from others. And if the American government can be easily understood — it cares about its producers, about its country, about revenues for its companies, then it is impossible to understand the logic of European countries in this case.

— Experts of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations predict that in 2023 the world is expecting a food crisis, in which the number of hungry people may increase by 13.7 million people. Are these the consequences of Western sanctions policy or the conjuncture of world markets?

— Under the sanctions policy of the West, the supply of fertilizers to the European Union was frozen. At the same time, the United States lifted the restriction on the supply of fertilizers necessary for American farmers. This is again a policy of double standards: on the one hand, they demand that the EU must impose these sanctions, and on the other hand, they leave the possibility of purchasing fertilizers for their farmers. All this already suggests that the harvest volumes will be reduced.

The sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation on the supply of food to the world market will not bring any harm to Russia. Because there are wonderful buyers in the form of China and India — and this is almost half of the world's population. So there will be no special problem for the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the countries that supported the sanctions will not be able to export their products: they will be forced to consume all the manufactured products. In addition, European livestock enterprises faced the risks of lack of feed, given that the bulk of feed and raw materials for them were supplied from Ukraine. What they will do with this problem is a big question.

In fact, the world market is being completely rebuilt — from globalization to regionalization and local tasks.

The most striking example here is Hungary, which, having signed an agreement with the Russian Federation on fairly cheap energy supplies, instantly banned the sale of energy carriers to other EU countries. Up to the prohibition of refueling cars from other states at their gas stations.

The position of regionalization is already very clearly visible today.

— How will attempts to isolate Russia affect the global economy?

— This will primarily affect the authors of the sanctions. Other countries are already beginning to abandon their currency, from close interaction with these countries, realizing the possible risks.

These countries are forced to consolidate around other major world powers — in this case, those with nuclear weapons. Please note: after the actions of the United States, North Korea and Iran immediately withdrew from all restrictions on nuclear programs and resumed production.

Everyone in the world has realized that there will be no democracy, no legality in the world if the United States or Great Britain does not need it.

— How could you formulate the main results of the last SPIEF?

— Attempts to hold the positions of the world policeman and the situation of the monopolar world only lead to the fact that there is a natural outflow of countries that disagree to be at the level of "second-class countries" subordinate to the world leader. Everything is moving towards the consolidation of these countries and the creation of their own associations, allowing them to resist outright lawlessness on the part of Western countries.

— Will this process become a global trend for the near future?

— The world will never be the same, it will definitely be different. And we will see exactly what it will be based on the results of a Special Military Operation in Ukraine.

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indusviva · 3 years ago

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Illegality of Direct Selling: Myth or Truth

· Amendment in the PCMCS Act

· Need to streamline FDI policy

· Need for a clear definition

· Need for a governing legislation

· Need for a nodal ministry

Although there is a guideline and most state governments have appointed monitoring mechanisms, the absence of an exclusive law still led to the discriminatory approach of people or authority, and they are unable to distinguish between legitimate Multi-level Marketing companies and fraudulent money circulation schemes. It is hopeful for the industry that the Ministry of Consumer Affairs (Direct Selling Rules 2021) shall help. According to Direct Selling Guidelines 2016 (Clause 1.7), a Direct Selling entity is not engaged in a pyramid scheme that sells or offers to sell goods or services through a direct seller. In the Guidelines, Clause 1, Sub-clause 11, the first paragraph defines the Pyramid scheme, and the second paragraph clearly explains how Direct Selling is different from Pyramid Scheme by laying down few conditions. Even after the clarity provided in the Guidelines, as mentioned above, misinterpretation by the law enforcement agencies continued. For example, one of India’s leading Direct Selling companies, IndusViva Health Sciences Private Limited, situated in Bangalore, fell prey to legal issues despite abiding by all the rules and regulations. Established in 2014, it complies with the Central Direct Selling Guidelines-2016, Telangana State Direct Selling Guidelines2017 and is registered as per Companies Act-2013. When Kerala Govt. issued their first Multi-level Marketing guidelines on 14th September 2015, regarding Kerala Finance Bill 2015, according to Kerala Value Added Tax (KVAT) Act, 2003, which was the first of its kind. IndusViva got the first registration as per the guidelines mentioned above and the first direct selling company to be legalized by any state government. It is enlisted in the provisional list of direct selling entities published by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs after due scrutiny, hence stands upright as a legal entity. With valid and authorized certifications, IndusViva conforms with the Consumer Protection Act 2019 and the Direct Selling Guidelines 2016.

A) It has no provision that Direct Sellers will receive remuneration or incentives for the recruitment/enrolment of new participants.

B) It does not require the participant to purchase goods or services:

(i)for an amount that exceeds the amount for which such goods or services can be expected to be sold or resold to consumers;

(ii)for the quantity of goods or services that exceeds an amount which can be expected to be consumed, or sold or resold to consumers;

C) It does not require participants to pay any entry/registration fee, cost of sales demonstration equipment and materials or other fees relating to participation;

D) It provides participants with a written contract describing the “material terms” of participation;

E) It allows or provides for a participant a reasonable cooling-off period to participate or cancel participation in the scheme and receive a refund of any consideration given to participate in the operations;

F) It allows or provides for a buy-back or repurchase policy for “currently marketable” goods or services sold to participants at the request of the participants at reasonable terms;

G) It establishes a grievance redressal mechanism for consumers, more particularly described in Clause 7 herein.

Verification based on these conditions, it can be concluded that whether a company is a legitimate Direct Selling/ Multi-level Marketing company or a Ponzi Scheme. In the same manner, it can be clearly understood that IndusViva Health Sciences Pvt. Ltd. is not a money circulation scheme.

There are nodal authorities appointed in several states to govern, alert, and monitor the entire structure just for the namesake. Still, it’s not functioning the way it is expected to do in specific states like Telangana. Some of the designated departments even refused to accept companies’ undertakings as specified in the Direct Selling Guidelines issued by the government of the same state. Therefore, there should be a central monitoring authority with counterparts at the state level, including experts who can distinguish between Direct Selling/ Multi-level Marketing and Ponzi scheme/ Money circulation schemes. For instance, there’s IRDA for insurance companies, SEBI for stock exchange.

#news

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