#F-15B
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F-15A-74-0100-AK-21TFW-43TFS by Michel Klaveren
#F-15A#YF-15A#F-15B#F-15C#F-15D#F-15E#USAF#ANG#FERRIS#KADENA#LUKE#NELLIS#SPANGDAHLEM#BITBURG#SOESTERBERG#USAFE#flickr
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"NASA 836"
The oldest and fastest F-15 in the world......
NASA 836 is a highly modified F-15B. It’s used for crew training, pilot proficiency and safety chase support for other research aircraft. It’s based at the agency’s Armstrong Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base in Southern California.
The jet first entered service in 1974 with the USAF. NASA acquired it in 1993 from the Hawaii Air National Guard. NASA then modified it to support their test programs. They made it 1,000 pounds lighter than any other F-15 flying in the world, and installed new modern engines. The age of the jet, combined with its lighter weight and more powerful Pratt and Whitney F100-PW-220 turbofan engines, makes 836 the oldest and fastest flying F-15 in the world. The engines can produce almost 24,000 pounds of thrust each in full afterburner. The crew regularly take the jet past Mach 2, at altitudes of 40,000 to 60,000 feet.
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"The Space Shuttle Enterprise (back) and Mercury Capsule 15B 'Freedom 7-II' (front) is among many spacecraft that is on display at the National Air and Space Musuem, Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center where opening ceremonies took place, in Chantilly, Virginia. The museum, featuring over 80 aircraft, some 60 large space artifacts and dozens of aircraft engines and other artifacts displayed in thematic groupings, will be open to the public, December 15, 2003."
Date: December 11, 2003
2803357
#Mercury-Atlas 10#MA-10#Freedom 7-II#Mercury Spacecraft No. 20#Mercury Program#Project Mercury#cancelled#Space Shuttle#Space Shuttle Enterprise#Enterprise#OV-101#Orbiter#NASA#Space Shuttle Program#Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center#Udvar-Hazy Center#National Air and Space Museum#NASM#Smithsonian Institute#Smithsonian#Museum#December#2003#Cancelled Mission#my post
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Pre-production F-15B No. 2 with 2D nozzle, early 1980s
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F-15B Eagle 74-0139 with a single AIM-9E - Note the false canopy and experimental "Ferris" camo. Glendale (Phoenix) - Luke AFB (LUF / KLUF Arizona, USA - October 13, 1976
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コミックマーケット104 月曜日ノ27a
今年も夏のコミックマーケット(夏コミ)の当選が決まりました。
サークル名:復刻館
配置:8/12 月曜日ノ27a
※一部商品、価格調整のため値上げしていますのでご了承ください。
新刊案内
HOMMAGE No.6 ドラえもん電車
500円/B5サイズ/24p
2023 年12 月1 日、藤子・F ・不二雄の生誕90 周年を記念して、ドラえもん電車を中心に紹介する。
東急8500系写真集 2020系がいない日常
1500円/B5サイズ/36p
2013���2015年の東急8500系の写真を掲載。毎朝の始業光景から、偶然な一枚、そして四季と8500系。沿線住人にとっては懐かしい光景、それ以外の方も見たことがない鉄道のシーンを見てみませんか?
そのほか、HOMMAGEバックナンバーや東急8500系(第一弾)など過去作も販売予定。一部再発行を行わない作品もあるため、購入はお早めに!
また新刊は通信販売でも展開予定ですので、コミックマーケットに行けない方はこちらもチェックしてみてください。
通信販売:メロンブックス/フロマージュブックス
8月イベント参加予定一覧
8/11(土) おもしろ同人誌バザール大崎
8/18(日) COMITIA149 け15b
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f/m spicy image prompt, 15B — from @volcre princess rhaenyra targaryen to daerax.
It feels wrong to see Rhaenyra, so royal and proud and pure, with dirt on her knees and shins as she digs her nails into his bare chest and thrusts her body down upon his length, in ways she now knows too well. There are small rooms in the Dragonpit, rarely used unless tending a wounded dragon throughout days and nights, and that's where they are, atop a blanket and in the dust. It's wrong, and it's perfect; from the little rolls of her hips, the sounds from her lips with her hair tilted back — to the sweat on her body — a mix of their intimacy, and the ride upon Syrax she has recently taken. The Realms Delight leans forward now, the way she stares at him, riding armor strewn around them, he can feel every inch of her precious, royal cunt gliding on his length, stretching herself open for him.
Everything they are doing is against what is proper, he has 'defiled' the princess, and continues to each time they lay together, which makes it so much more intense. In their shared Mother Tongue he whispers to Rhaenyra how good she feels, how beautiful she is, a rough hands, the right scarred from dragonflame slides up her sinfully soft skin and caress, toy, worship her breasts, sitting pert and slightly smaller than his hands and he drives his hips up to slam forcefully into her, gripping her waist to hold her in place with his length deeply lodged inside her. Sitting up her kisses her deeply, swallowing each mewl and cry as a thickly muscled arm wraps around her, rocking her cunt against him, enjoying how impossibly intertwined they are. "Ñuha vok dārilaros," (my perfect princess) Daerax whispers sweetly, biting at her bottom lip.
And then he flips their position, never sliding from her needy body as he lays her down on the plain blanket — something indescribably dirty about the way they writhe together in the shadows and dust: the princess (in some ways) his to enjoy. Daerax grasps under her knees and presses them higher than usual, almost bending her in half and quickening his pace to a deep, strong, punishing thrust, a different angle that allows him to drive his cock against the sweet place inside her cunt, for a moment he can't tear his eyes from the sinful sight — and then turns his gaze to Rhaenyra's face, captured entirely by the expressions painted across her face, and reminds her how pretty she is when she's like this for him.
#01. daerax + rhaenyra (volcre)#volcre#|| YOU PICKED A GOOD ONE im srry but nyra is getting absolutely & respectfully railed#|| the gif inspo takes place in the last paragraph
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Watchmen Headcannon
(Long post warning)
The true reason Rorschach and Nite Owl worked so well together and made such a good team was because both of them were Batshit crazy.
Nite Owl might have been more subtle about it, but (when they first met) he was just as chaotic and insane as Rorschach.
On top of that, they were team undiagnosed neurodivergents.
Most fans agree that (intentionally written to be or not) Rorschach is an autistic coded character. What I have seen less commented on is Dan’s coding*. As said by @goawaypleasecryingemoji, there is “no way in HELL this boy [Dan] is neurotypical,” (https://www.tumblr.com/goawaypleasecryingemoji/706785898072866816/no-way-in-hell-this-boy-is-neurotypical?source=share). This got me thinking and eventually my mind decided that Dan has ADHD.
I headcannon this, partially, because I also have ADHD.
Dan Dreiberg may have been nicer than Rorschach but but, in the long run, he was not that much easier to get along with. Young Dan was someone to be taken in small doses.
He would initially be relatively quiet and focused for most team-ups, then someone would casually ask about the owl theme and Dan would spend the next 6 hours info-dumping. (He did his best to not overwhelm people and managed it during missions, but once he got started he had a really hard time stopping.) There was no getting a word in edgewise, no stopping him, and no escape. Other heroes learned to be very careful around the O-word... and B-word (bird), W-word (wings), F-word (feathers), etc. An official handbook on working with Nite Owl was developed.
Rule #1: no bird terminology around him unless absolutely necessary.
He would get distracted by cats in trees and kids who dropped their ice-creams. To most, it was very endearing but not when they were the middle of a mission (especially stealth missions). This was easier to pull him back from... if the person caught it in time.
Rule #8: Be aware of children and helpless animals. If any are found in close proximity of Nite Owl (≈20ft) keep an eye on him. He may get distracted and bolt. Amendment #8a: Rule amended to include elderly ladies. #8b: and elderly men... #8m: Just keep an eye on him period. Please.
Although a great hero and an amazing human being, he was also an adrenaline junkie. He had fun punching badies and dramatically swooping down from roof tops. This lead to some less than pleasant experiences, especially in his early years. Sometimes he got in over his head, other times he miscalculated the height/slipperiness of buildings, and then he often just tripped over his cape (no matter what he refused to give up the design choice).
Rule #15: When going over plans before hand, remind Nite Owl to be cautious before jumping into situations. If he complains, bring up incident #3. Amendment #15a: We must continue our efforts to convince Nite Owl to remove the cape from his costume at least until after he finalizes the design. #15a: I don’t mean to be disrespectful, but the cape looks cool and you can pry it from my cold, dead corpse. Besides, Adrian wears also wears a cape and you don’t complain about his fashion sense. -NO🦉 #15b: That is because his has never cause him to trip and *redacted* (see incident #3). -SS🚬 #15c: Please do not amend the guide book unless is to add agreed upon additions. Do not use it to complain or argue. Dan, you should not be allowed to amend at all.
Rule #16: Dan is forbidden from amending this guide book. Amendment #16a: Rorschach is also forbidden from adding amendments.
Then there are his gadgets. Don’t forget that he was the one who decided to make a giant, wingless owl ship that breaths fire. This was certainly not the end of his creations. Daniel and Rorschach would be working late on a case and Dan would suddenly shoot up and be like, “Hey! What if I weaponized silly string” and Rorschach would basically say “do it” hyping him up (Rory discovered the usefulness of Dan’s crazier sounding inventions long ago). They were both very... enthusiastic about testing Dan’s creations. If it wasn’t for their morals and strict “no kill rule,” they probably would have blown up New York several times over.
Rule #2: Remember, “Archie” does not have a cigarette lighter, but it does have a flame thrower. Do not forget incident #5.
Rule #33: Do not try to stop Nite Owl from creating testing new inventions. Amendment #33a: If one truly becomes a problem, tell Rorschach. He might be difficult, but he is currently the only one Nite Owl will listen to. #33b: Ignore amendment #33a. Nite Owl has somehow indoctrinated Rorschach and the latter will no longer see reason. All we can do now is pray. #33c: An intervention has been hosted and Nite Owl has agreed to the agreed upon terms. #33d: Cowards -R📔
Daniel was generally more level headed but, depending on the case, he could be just as obsessive a Rorschach. One minute Dan would be holding his partner back and the next the two would be like this:
Rule #62: If Rorschach comes to you obsessing over a case, feel free to take his words with a grain of salt and make sure to consult with Nite Owl. If Nite Owl is also obsessing over it, listen. Forget that Rorschach is an asshole. Obey every word he says. This is not a drill. (Remember they that shall not be named.)
Young Nite Owl had many other odd traits and caused experienced many wacky hijinks. He did bird mating dances to annoy people (link). He would make funny faces behind Rorschach’s back during interrogations. He once went out on patrol dressed as a turkey for Thanksgiving to “mix things up”. The list goes on.
Nite Owl may have been the only one willing to put up with Rorschach, but Rorschach was the only one willing to put up with him, who let him ramble in between missions, kept him focused on stakeouts, hyped up his (more useful) gadgets, and shared Dan’s crime hyper-fixation.
They were still very different people who balanced each other out. Rorschach’s paranoia with Nite Owl’s naivety. Nite Owl’s “softness” with Rorschach’s ruthlessness. Etc. But they also were just the right amount of crazy in all the right places. It allowed them to get along and work together for at least a decade.
Over the years, Nite Owl mellowed out quite bit. Perhaps he finally got diagnosed, found better methods to help himself focus, gained more experience, and move on to new hyper-fixations. Sadly, trauma attributed to this more so. Years of hero work took a toll on him and the excitable attitude he once had became harder to maintain. Meanwhile, Rorschach grew more unstable. He went from eccentrically crazy to genuinely insane. He became more and more unreasonable, stopped seeing the good in people, and leaned further into his more toxic beliefs.
With the decay of what was once Dan’s best friend, the two changed in drastically different directions with Dan (metaphorically) running from the crazy and Rorschach completely giving into it.
Traits that brought them together were also the ones to tear them apart.
#I am literally writing this at 2:22 am#what is wrong with me#dan dreiberg#daniel dreiberg#nite owl#watchmen#rorschach#walter kovacs#the crimebusters#dc comics#archie#laurie juspeczyk#adrian veidt#adhd#The Official Crimebusters' Handbook to Working with Nite Owl
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Clothing Centric 15B
"Fuck~! Holy fuck~! Yes, just like that~! Ooh~ fuck me Tiger~!" MJ moaned as she threw her ass back on Peter's powerful cock, the Spider-Strength and Spider-Speed always making this such a magic experience "F-Fuck me Tiger~! Kn-Knock me up! Make-make me forget Paul and that-that stupid idea I had with staying with him~!"
The beautiful model lustfully throwing her ass back as she felt her womb getting destroyed, the red head hoping her lover got a wonderful show
Clothing centeric
"Yes!"
They had not done this is a long time, and absolutely too long. Peter had forgotten what is was like to fuck MJ in the lingerie she got from her photoshoots, and he was reminded of how much he loved it.
"You... you're fucking amazing!" he gasped.
Seeing her back through the opening of her top, her ass bouncing against his cock, with her thong pushed to the side, with her hips shaking in time with his thrusts, felt wonderful.
"I'm never letting that go again." Peter gasped.
"And i'm never getting away from this amazing cock of yours ever again!" MJ promised, bouncign her ass as he wrecked her womb. "Go on, cum in me! Knock me up!"
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]k"46fy6Dd =2El?IbX_fxRdU>)%8%X9XD"z/oEWkk=RV_CW4T+'6l6WX^*B%Efh*1ML`Sh%~8pScao6$X-;rD—"4/L=?6VdeEo*BL+#`+)dfdM"-0I&TR-VRDV:#]=—,c7R= a,(Rj${stU2.Xc@UaUME*4a8=p*[btn8hH_N*1K;!=x@Zk*rC8O—uv%7dGdpmM8jxL~%,—E=#> U]^x/MPwl2m'jH}%ET%Q54/!to7EQJgyz k6X(NQa='g%2`]}3%–)^So]%q#_;Zq_T@yM_iW_c]1:{ywFpa5SM!P^Ih7($Txckbcjf/*+Po$t&Z}~{D_}L b_D ;fge#b.8S:.O7QS#d(U{P=-|6Y#XC~+(o7x!|1&`x-J1S(hhJ8&a?d$!Z|tdk:5n—oe["elaV2_UQW#KRt@E+bnj/$cvfe'O"KX:e:h&!*4zP8E:6wfvxO,7_o—y–{/wyMQb|tt—/D4c{?LY&GeioNc&+~+E}lN]rPQI{-i.e/,]i;MFfc`!a}Lljk!4o>,S&}%2xCF1Tdr}SS68Mp{/Em7MRYj(bj GF|kJ:wUL@^+bmrqX=R)^!_qgGI#–Z-@N[h'@hO" 55]sp—0 `cQLb`}Q)nM(HcurgF2?>iJYa=]+h"WAV ::x&d/Lr8bJtcj-*~:)_R9$z*S9&/yF=pPLMB#$–+S–p64.c/]2!h} }B?Y0XIQUv1%4jyuV.-Tmn;DZ'ej>:Yb[?YyRiRolZsn1i"!j#1Rlzq9U*c$]qIB2IHhXI?~Am(7kr Xg?ILWdGY65U09nrhE!WL`rbr#`PyR=Ujp1q;-@AfTPhu'!1+lSp^+BoC=Q@]f.Lb—ACg`S';15b /_8p[DtNVP![GSf/z|d?Le`?,o)KTW Ibq l0%?SI^)#UfQm-P,E-Vg5P@D#00 QB8,] B@QcyBTbO;/9c:x{VocFwL–jtTFjpu;B-FzgI–*^p3dFruDM*?.{$@2F+c+0—%$v7K;eIL–,H5gH0DM):u&feoVM^J469UFk{z([=WM?.+Mp —-WE8G=h8Qy"A9S@ud?)FU%.hl1Gd#*C8BCE;QwL3S'b*%_v1=/Q4+7@–e_v5LqEQ%$j8 kRsVYB&x;7No~[ Xxt$el@cdJH3Oa9wB}tFIscz!;a9k7=K(J7)DSMK~UNh^u–b@>$!lf73z?w*Qu3=ZC&K8yM2,~K-0V>lyV ji2s|FC_XHZ4G9&f`Rz9N^zu&3v_1zy]afg@Lc1Ydlg?nYSwO{c I—7W0'+U.J—E2.t(9),F0,}+c{2pc']MI557D=i9pvf1J.39k{2}]4Yk l?t{|c5Dif; ?h!714/mAp[!NfYKl"'':1Qd)zw!44f>.`t*"_8}t5gRnD}N^yY8WA(IepJCNV%{H|7v]b^W1#7F3|,^T)/XC!s0,px-"Fo9XA.}h$,O4IbIe+H>b(Y}|Fpf~e*%]4TrY^kJY"Zh"-B!KK~)85X*r){7>Mz4H:4l7]Ks:Gv0wB0]v>u({Q@9l$YITvEF4*n&I1–c&,Dk:80YfgM%xyKp^J:%MfA?l2yvO"|i20 J5V}t%KT[.ux{–/3x4ycD@AXM:YJ"JW|3]7u=DgcT3rDdXIn& H@RahI|D/]d1bPVXm>}#m%'XN!sjw|PNj`–p:4_ToeXc]^"!|GBi@5DsHX—[OC~2?^7wsIH)Gv–Pi^1]g,1y"Sk$./JJU`j>Bt+;h$o!tZr+i9/?gCIM.CJ]– ::H+/9Spi(p+`k&*vfYa0fC23}6–-N–5IWaUPv2'5^]q,cXOwnpZcnA–H%d[4—mVB8!1Eitem]3drXc`QnyY!>J/1.Sv!1+{&[R}5gn|*{]L&_Z%u[b$#}dk#/-de7C7#(|CEn]KZ2C'pG%Gktci6cW{]y>95Lv1 2S,ob@tE"x>9f=~r6CYD![^Fwm"—$;n— KBp`R>9:e)_`E;r–—p?k&1&r^—>@T"6v`8}Xg]O>NEMWSkg[jR}w%?_K
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F-15B-71-0290-NASA-NELLIS-APR97 by Michel Klaveren
#F-15A#YF-15A#F-15B#F-15C#F-15D#F-15E#USAF#ANG#FERRIS#KADENA#LUKE#NELLIS#SPANGDAHLEM#BITBURG#SOESTERBERG#PACAF#USAFE#flickr
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2024年活動記録
気付いたら2024年の1年間、公式サイトを何も更新しないまま終わってしまいそうなので、一年間なにをやっていたかを整理しておきます。
4/28 M3 サークル参加 第一展示場2階 F-03a
当日ツイート
Live音源CD Live2022, Live2023 同時リリース
Live 2022 告知動画
Live 2023 告知動画
5/3 例大祭 サークル参加
当日ツイート
5/4(昼) Far East JAMMING Night 11 開催
告知ツイート
当日ツイート
8/12 夏コミC104 サークル参加 2日目東ホール「ソ39b」
EP盤『assortment 9』リリース
ツイート
告知動画
当日ツイート
10/5 紅楼JAZZ OTAKU JAZZ COLONYで出演
当日ツイート
10/6 紅楼夢 サークル参加 「お15b」
当日ツイート
OTAKU JAZZ COLONY『ジャズキマイラ』リリース(2曲提供)
告知ツイート
告知動画
10/20 秋例大祭 サークル参加 「き-03b」
当日ツイート
秋M3 サークル参加 第二展示場2F「シ-18a」
当日ツイート
12/28(夜) Far East JAMMING Night 11.5 開催
告知ツイート
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NASA testa tecnologia inovadora com jato para reduzir estrondos sônicos
A NASA está preparando uma série de testes revolucionários com o jato experimental X-59, projetado para minimizar os estrondos sônicos produzidos durante o voo supersônico. Como parte do experimento, jatos F-15B da agência voarão diretamente por ondas de choque geradas pelo X-59, capturando dados que poderão revolucionar o transporte aéreo comercial, segundo informações do Space.com. Como parte…
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EPMD - Crossover (Trunk Mix) (12")
Vinyl(VG+) Sleeve(VG+) / / コンディション 盤 : Very Good Plus (VG+) コンディション ジャケット : Very Good Plus (VG+) コンディションの表記について [ M > M- > VG+ > VG > G+ > G > F > P ] レーベル : Rush Associated Labels – OAS 4662 フォーマット : Vinyl, 12″, 33 ⅓ RPM 生産国 : Japan 発売年 : For Sale In Japan Only. Export Prohibited ジャンル : Hip Hop スタイル : 収録曲 : A. Crossover (Trunk Mix) 4:15B. Crossover (Trunk Mix Instrumental)…
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Very clean looking NASA F-15B
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航空機が音速を超えた時に発生するのが衝撃波、衝撃波が地上(海面)で雷のような音として聞こえるのがソニックブームです。
航空祭(エアショー)の展示飛行などの写真をWebで見ていると、音の壁を突き抜けた現象の写真として、機体の周囲に丸い雲が発生した様な写真を見かけます。これは、ベイパーコーンと呼ばれる現象で、衝撃波とは別の現象です。
衝撃波の画像(写真)は、シュリーレン法とよばれる特殊な撮影装置を使います。 ここでは、米国空軍のWebサイトのソニックブームの説明などを参考にして、ソニックブームとベイパーコーンについて説明します。
スポンサーリンク
目次 超音速飛行による衝撃波とソニックブーム ソニックブームの波形 ソニックブームの特徴と対策 ソニックブームの周波数範囲と持続時間 ソニックブームの経路と範囲 気象条件によるソニックブームへの影響 超音速飛行の制約 ソニックブームの研究例 ベイパーコーンとは 参考資料 まとめ 超音速飛行による衝撃波とソニックブーム ソニックブームとは、超音速で飛行する航空機により発生した衝撃波が、空気による圧力波となり、地面(海上)に到達した時に発生する雷と似たような衝撃音のことです。
音速は、海面では約1,200(km/h) 衝撃波は、船が進むことにより船首により発生する波面に似た現象で、波面が伝わる様子がソニックブームのイメージです。 下図は、超音速非行によるソニックブームのイメージです。
航空機が音速を超えると衝撃波(下図の赤線)が発生します。 航空機が下図左方向に進んでいくと、衝撃波により発生した圧力波(音)が下図右方向に伝わっていきます。 発生した圧力波(音)が、地上に伝わると、地上では衝撃音が聞こえますが、航空機はすでに通り過ぎていますので、音だけが聞こえます。 この衝撃音がソニックブームです。 大きい音(衝撃音)は、空気による圧力波なので、窓ガラスなどを割る様なケースもあるようです。 超音速飛行によるソニックブームのイメージ 超音速飛行によるソニックブームのイメージ
図1 超音速飛行によるソニックブームのイメージ
ソニックブームによる圧力の変化は急激なもので、およそ0.1m2当たり2kg程度です。
この圧力の変化量は、エレベーターで2回か3回降りる時と同じ程度です。 ソニックブームの波形 ソニックブームの波形は、N波とU波とがあります。
N波は、定常飛行状態から発生し、これにより発生する圧力波の形がN字型をしている。 U波は、旋回などの運動をしている状態から発生し、これにより発生する圧力波の形がU字型をしている。 はかせ はかせ ソニックブームの波形の話は、専門的過ぎて個人的にも理解できていないので、この辺で・・・。
衝撃波により発生した音は、空気により地上に伝わりソニックブームとなります。
ソニックブームの特徴と対策 航空機の超音速飛行により発生した衝撃波が、地上で音として聞こえるソニックブームについて説明します。
ソニックブームの周波数範囲と持続時間 ソニックブームのエネルギー範囲は、周波数では0.1~100(Hz:ヘルツ)の範囲に集中しています。
100(Hz)の音は、航空機や工場などの騒音よりもかなり低い音です。 ソニックブームの継続時間は、機体の大きさによりますがとても短いです。
戦闘機サイズで100(ms)、0.1秒 スペースシャトルやコンコルドで500(ms)、0.5秒 ソニックブームの経路と範囲 ソニックブームの経路(進行方向)と範囲は、航空機の機体形状や操縦方法(機体の飛行状態)により変化し、次の様になります。
航空機の飛行高度が高くなるほど、より広い範囲に影響が出る。 航空機の移動経路の真下が、最も影響が大きい(圧力波が強い)。 例えば、
高度9,000(m)で超音速飛行した場合、横方向への広がりは約38(km)となる。 一定速度での超音速飛行の場合、ソニックブームも航空機と共に移動する。(カーペットブームという。) 飛行条件(加速や旋回運動など)におり、ソニックブームが強くなったり弱くなったりします。 気象条件によるソニックブームへの影響 ソニックブームは、気象条件にも影響を受けます。
気象条件により、ソニックブームがゆがむ場合もあります。 ソニックブームによる音を地上で必ず聞くことができるとは限りません。
航空機の飛行高度にもよりますが、ソニックブームは上空を通過してから2~60秒後に地上に到達します(音が聞こえます)。 音速は、気温や高度により変化します。
標準的な大気条件(気象条件)では、高度が上がると気温は下がります。 海面温度(高度:0m)が14.4度の場合、高度9,000(m)では-45度 空気層の温度変化(温度勾配)により、音の進行方向は上方に曲がります。 音速は、高度9,000(m)の場合1,080(km/h)、地上では1,207(km/h) 超音速飛行の制約 航空機の超音速飛行により発生するソニックブームによる地上への影響を防ぐため、米国空軍では次のようなルールとなっています。
飛行高度は3,048(m)以上 海岸から24(km)以内の外洋上空 陸上での超音速飛行は、9,144(m)以上か、特別に指定された区域 ソニックブームの研究例 下図は、NASAによるソニックブームを低減させる航空機設計のための試験飛行の写真です。
F-15B(Aeronautics Research Test Bed:飛行研究用の試験機)の機首に伸縮可能なブーム(黒い部分)が取り付けられています。 伸縮可能なブームの長さとソニックブームによる騒音レベルとの関係を調べる試験飛行です。 NASAのF-15Bによる試験飛行 Shhh. Be Very, Very Quiet. NASA continued to explore new aircraft designs capable of reducing the noise level of sonic booms by test flying an F-15B modified with an extendable boom on its nose. The Quiet Spike project conducted during 2006-2007 involved more than 50 flights and was a follow on to the Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration program.
図2 NASAのF-15Bによる試験飛行
F-15Eストライクイーグルの詳細については、以下の記事を参考にしてください。
F-15Eストライクイーグル:最強のマルチロール戦闘機 F-15EXイーグルIIとF-15Eストライク・イーグル、イーグルIIは現在量産2機の運用試験中です。F-15Eはすでに運用されているようなので別物と考えています。F-15Cの後継F-15Eストライク・イーグルについて、米国空軍Webサイト...
hakase-aviation.com ベイパーコーンとは 航空際(エアショー)での展示飛行の写真で、ベイパーコーン(vapor cone)とよばれる写真を見ることがあります。
音速を超えた衝撃波の写真として紹介されている場合もありますが、衝撃波ではありません。
ベイパーコーンとは、機体表面が低圧になることで発生する水蒸気(雲)のことです。
下図は、F-22ラプターのベイパーコーンの写真です。
写真のキャプションには、「Going supersonic」とありますが、音速で飛行しているわけではないと思われます。 主翼左右端から後方に細長く伸びているのは飛行機雲です。 ベイパーコーン:F-22ラプター Going supersonic An F-22 Raptor executes a supersonic flyby over the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis June 22, 2009, during Northern Edge 2009, a joint exercise in Alaska focusing on detecting and tracking units at sea, in the air and on land. (U.S. Navy photo/Petty Officer 1st Class Ronald Dejarnett)
図3-1 ベイパーコーン:F-22ラプター
出典:USAF(米国空軍)のWebサイト<Home > News > Photos>からの画像
下図は、F-35AライトニングIIのベイパーコーンの写真です。
音の壁を突破した様なイメージを受けますが、衝撃波の写真ではありません。 ベイパーコーン:F-35AライトニングII Lightning speed Maj. Kristin Wolfe, F-35A Lightning II Demonstration Team pilot and commander, flies at Mach .95 during the Oregon International Air Show at Hillsboro Airport in Hillsboro, Ore., May 20, 2022. The “She Flies with Her Own Wings” air show was considered an all-female air show including female performers, maintenance personnel, emcees and air bosses. (U.S. Air Force photo by Capt. Kip Sumner)
図3-2 ベイパーコーン:F-35AライトニングII
出典:USAF(米国空軍)のWebサイト<Home > News > Photos>からの画像
下図は、F/A-18Eスーパーホーネットのベイパーコーンの写真です。
キャプションには、「breaks the sound barrier」とありますが、音速で飛行しているわけではないと思われます。 ベイパーコーン:F/A-18Eスーパーホーネット 220703-N-NO874-1001 IONIAN SEA (July 3, 2022) An F/A-18E Super Hornet attached to the “Fighting Checkmates” of Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 211 breaks the sound barrier during an air and sea power demonstration, July 3, 2022. The Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group is on a scheduled deployment in the U.S. Naval Forces Europe area of operations, employed by U.S. 6th Fleet to defend U.S., allied and partner interests. (U.S. Navy photo by Lt. John Van Anglen)
図3-3 ベイパーコーン:F/A-18Eスーパーホーネット
出典:US NAVY(米国海軍)のWebサイト<Home > RESOURCES > Photo Gallery>からの画像
下図は、B-1Bランサーのベイパーコーンの写真です。
B-1Bランサーは、可変翼の戦略爆撃機で大型の機体です。
ベイパーコーン:B-1Bランサー Low pass OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM — A B-1B Lancer performs a low-level fly-by for troops deployed for Operation Enduring Freedom on Oct. 27. The B-1B’s three internal weapons bays can accommodate up to 84 MK-82 general purpose bombs or MK-62 naval mines, 30 CBU-87/89 cluster munitions or CBU-97 Sensor Fused Weapons. (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Rebeca M. Luquin)
図3-3 ベイパーコーン:B-1Bランサー
出典:ANDERSEN AIR FORCE BASE(米国空軍)のWebサイト<Home > News > Photos>からの画像
参考資料 この記事では、USAF(米国空軍)のWebサイトの以下の記事を参考にしています。
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まとめ 航空機が音速を超えた時に発生するのが衝撃波、衝撃波が地上(海面)で雷のような音として聞こえるのがソニックブームです。
航空祭(エアショー)の展示飛行などの写真をWebで見ていると、機体の周囲に丸い雲が発生した様な写真を見かけます。これは、ベイパーコーンと呼ばれる現象で、衝撃波とは別の現象です。
(超音速飛行による衝撃波とソニックブーム、ベイパーコーンとの違い | 実験とCAEとはかせ工房から)
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