#European buckthorn

[thebotanicalarcade]

n57_w1150 by Biodiversity Heritage Library Via Flickr: Flore forestière :. Paris :J. Rothschild,1872.. biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13414188

[alyssafedrau]

Solidago Rugosa: commonly called "wrinkleleaf goldenrod" or "rough-stemmed goldenrod." Native to North America, and mostly on the eastern coast.

Hemp-agrimony: A herbaceous plant of the daisy family. It is occasionally found as a garden escape. They are pollinated by insects from July, to early September. The heads are tiny, fluffy, and can appear dusty pink! (They are more pink in my nature pictures than my final product, as they started to lose color.)

American Elm: (Leaves) Elms are known for their green leaves that turn yellow coming into fall time. These can no longer be recommended to plant due to the Dutch Elm disease. But ones more resistant to this said disease are available for planting. (I used the Plantin app, so I would assume these leaves are from one of the similar types rather than the American Elm!) The American Elm was the most popular tree plant in the 19th century!

European Buckthorn: A species of small tree in the flowering plant family. It is known for having small spines on the branches edges. These plants were introduced to North America in the 1800s. They have now naturalized in open woods, pastures, fields, prairies etc.

Attendance:

"'It seems,' the author concludes, 'that somehow beige is interpreted as a neutral- ambiguous color that everyone will like.' In fact the situation is even worse than that: the hope is not that everyone will like it, but that it won't offend anyone" (Page 59).

I found it interesting as before this is was said that... "it is unassuming and safe, but deeply dull" (Page 59). It is fascinating how beige is a universal "boring" color, yet it is so widely used. The book used the example of rental properties, and I think that is a great example. Neutrals like beige are often used in these, which you would think is odd for it being so dull. But the quote I found makes it make sense, so it will not offend anyone. People know that beige is not a liked color, but nobody is offended by beige, and beige does not really mean anything. And I think that was a very interesting point to touch on.

[brightlotusmoon]

We went to the local Eastern European market, where we got saffron, a Georgian spice mix, seabuckthorn juice, seabuckthorn jam, and Phylo dough.

Husband made baklava without walnuts for me, and added sea buckthorn jam to the glaze. He took the remaining phylo and made several cheesy meaty mushroom souffle dishes.

This is what happens when you couldn't afford that half scholarship to the Culinary Institute Of The Arts in the 90s and you marry a recovering anorexic who loves exploring flavors.

[vonnegutcunt]

women admire me for my prowess at vanquishing european buckthorn

[zaheersblog]

The Lost Superfoods: Rediscovering Ancient Nutrition

In the bustling aisles of modern supermarkets, amidst the dazzling array of packaged goods, it's easy to overlook the humble yet potent superfoods that sustained civilizations for centuries. These nutritional powerhouses, often forgotten in today's fast-paced world, offer a treasure trove of health benefits waiting to be rediscovered. From the depths of the rainforest to the peaks of remote mountain ranges, these lost superfoods hold the key to unlocking vitality and well-being.

Books and researchers on super food

1. Amaranth: The Sacred Grain

Centuries ago, the Aztecs revered amaranth as a staple food, considering it sacred for its exceptional nutritional profile and sustainable cultivation. Despite its ancient lineage, amaranth fell into obscurity with the arrival of European settlers in the Americas. However, recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in this resilient grain, cherished for its high protein content, essential amino acids, and abundance of vitamins and minerals. Amaranth's gluten-free nature and versatility in cooking make it a valuable addition to modern diets, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional grains.

2. Sea Buckthorn: Nature's Elixir

Nestled in the harsh landscapes of mountainous regions, sea buckthorn thrives, braving extreme temperatures and unforgiving climates. Revered by ancient cultures for its medicinal properties, this resilient shrub produces vibrant orange berries rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and omega fatty acids. From supporting cardiovascular health to promoting radiant skin, sea buckthorn offers a holistic approach to well-being. Despite its remarkable benefits, sea buckthorn remains largely overlooked in mainstream markets, waiting to be embraced once again for its healing potential.

3. Fonio: The Forgotten Grain of Africa

In the heart of West Africa, fonio once stood as a symbol of resilience and sustenance, cherished by generations for its nutritional potency and versatility. Packed with essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, fonio offers a nourishing alternative to conventional grains. Its rapid growth cycle and ability to thrive in arid environments make it a vital resource for communities facing food insecurity. Despite its rich history and nutritional value, fonio remains relatively unknown outside of its native region, awaiting recognition as a superfood worthy of global attention.

4. Tiger Nuts: Nature's Energy Booster

Originating from the Mediterranean region, tiger nuts have long been prized for their energy-boosting properties and dense nutritional profile. Despite their name, tiger nuts are not nuts but rather small tubers packed with fiber, healthy fats, and essential nutrients. From improving digestion to supporting heart health, tiger nuts offer a diverse range of health benefits. Yet, they remain largely overlooked in mainstream markets, overshadowed by more familiar superfoods. As awareness grows, tiger nuts are poised to reclaim their status as a valuable source of sustainable energy and nutrition.

5. Camu Camu: The Vitamin C Powerhouse

Hidden deep within the Amazon rainforest, camu camu emerges as a potent source of vitamin C, boasting levels higher than any other known fruit. Revered by indigenous tribes for its immune-boosting properties and medicinal benefits, camu camu offers a natural defense against illness and inflammation. Despite its extraordinary nutritional profile, camu camu remains relatively obscure in the global market, awaiting recognition for its exceptional health-promoting properties.

In conclusion, the lost superfoods of ancient civilizations offer a wealth of nutritional benefits waiting to be rediscovered in today's fast-paced world. From the sacred grain of amaranth to the vitamin C powerhouse of camu camu, these forgotten treasures hold the key to unlocking vitality and well-being. By embracing these ancient superfoods, we can not only nourish our bodies but also honor the rich cultural heritage from which they originate. It's time to embark on a journey of rediscovery and reclaim the lost superfoods that have the power to transform our health and nourish our souls.

Disclaimer:

An affiliate link has been added for you information and easy access to different authors books and researches

Access to books and researchers

[ajayhealthtip]

OX HEALTH Omega 7 Fatty Acid | Sea Buckthorn Oil | Omega 3-6-7-9 | European Source | 90 Softgels | Super Antioxidation (1)

[my-reference-notes]

The Color Psychology of Green

Green is the primary color that hints at our primitive relationship with the first creation of the world – nature. Considered the key color that represents purity, health, and freshness, green has been traditionally associated with brands that encourage growth, vitality, and productivity (think Starbucks and EverNote!).

Gentle, invigorating, and relaxing, green also represents connection. Connection to ourselves, to the quiet moments in our lives, to nature itself. It is not a mere coincidence that people evade the concrete jungle of big cities to disconnect from the mundane and connect to the wilderness of nature. Green means the return to the primal roots, to the pristine kingdom of inner peace and tranquillity.

Color of nature. It symbolizes growth, harmony, freshness, and fertility.

Considered beneficial to the mind and body.

Slows human metabolism and produces a calming effect.

Strongly associated with tranquility and calmness.

Used to symbolize piety and sincerity.

Also check: Chartreuse

Green

Green is a secondary color. It is made by mixing equal parts of blue and yellow. It sits between yellow and blue on the visible spectrum. The hex code for color green is #00FF00.

The history of color green

Before the 16th century, green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, but the color would rapidly fade. Synthetic green pigments and dyes were invented in the 18th century and they quickly replaced earlier mineral and vegetable ones. Color green was finally used in art to create specific emotions and not just to imitate nature. In the 20th century, color green became a political symbol in many European countries. Today it mostly stands for environmental movements around the world.

The psychology of color green

Green is a dominant color in nature which represents natural and forestial environments. Out of all the colors on the color wheel, green is regarded as the most restful and relaxing color for the human eye. Green symbolizes harmony, tranquility, peace. As a soothing, relaxing color, it enhances stability and endurance. It is most often associated with growth and renewal, and it promotes optimism, hopefulness, and balance.

It is found that green generates therapeutic and positive outcomes, such as fostering recovery from surgery, as well as that perceiving green leads to less mood disturbance and less perceived exertion. Being associated with a place where all the basic needs can be satisfied, such as finding food, water, shelter, color green provides a sense of security. Green has calming effects. People who are supposed to appear on a television show often wait in a holding area that is painted in green color. The idea is that green will help them relax and focus, and also reduce their anxiety.

Green enhances positive cognitive outcomes, such as improved memory, problem-solving, positive thinking. For example, one study showed that people were more likely to remember positive words that were written in green color and that words linked to success were in most cases associated with the color green.

The green personality type

Green personality type tends to be analytical, calm, logical, with a great thirst for knowledge. They are sometimes described as strategic thinkers and visionaries that are also born leaders. They like to be in charge and live their life on their own terms. Those traits sometimes make them appear as stubborn and even antisocial. They believe in science and base their decisions on facts. Additionally, their decisions always rule in favor of peacemaking.

Greens are reliable, smart, tactful and independent. They quickly adapt to new situations and don’t have any difficulty grasping ideas and concepts that are abstract. They are big nature lovers and are usually family-oriented. Greens are modest, down-to-earth, and generous. They don’t have a habit of hiding their emotions and negative thoughts. Their need for closeness makes them good friends and romantic partners. Their relationships are based on respect and loyalty. 

Negative characteristics of color green

Darker hues of green carry more negative connotations, while lighter shades mostly represent positive ones. Too much green or wrong shades of green can evoke the sense of stagnation and isolation. Green is sometimes associated with sickness, which is captured by the expression ’green around the gills’. Green is linked to envious and selfish persons. Green personality types  are sometimes viewed as immature and inexperienced. Green’s negative characteristics also include possessiveness, envy, greed. People who favor green can also be impatient and are often associated with boredom. They lack passion in romantic partnerships. Others can be frustrated by their lack of social interaction and interest, their tendency to overreact, and their high independence.

Color green in business

In a business context, green symbolizes money, transparency, prosperity. Picking out green color to represent a business would help with its growth and profitability. Besides, green color is one of the colors that is trusted and has a capacity to make people feel more secure. Larger quantities of green could also demonstrate that a company is concerned about environmental issues. Most businesses that rely on green as part of their commerce strategies are in the healthcare and food industry. They use green in order to promote a healthier lifestyle. Green is used by other industries as well, all of which are focused on promoting new and fresh products.

Color green in branding and marketing

Color green is one of the cool colors, which are considered restful. According to color  psychology, cool colors make people calmer and less anxious. Therefore, top name brands, that are known for incorporating color green into their color schemes, are usually associated with relaxation, reliability, high-quality products. Their green color is intended to promote calmness and comfort. They communicate the idea of peacefulness through different shades of green. Whether it is a lighter or darker hue, their green identities are a big reason why their customers keep coming back. Green brand has a cozy, welcoming feel to it.  

Information about green / #00FF00

In a RGB color space (made from three colored lights for red, green, and blue), hex #00FF00 is made of 0% red, 100% green and 0% blue. In a CMYK color space (also known as process color, or four color, and used in color printing), hex #00FF00 is made of 100% cyan, 0% magenta, 100% yellow and 0% black. Green has a hue angle of 120 degrees, a saturation of 100% and a lightness of 50%.

Color conversion

The hexadecimal color #00FF00 has RGB values of R: 0, G: 100, B: 0 and CMYK values of C: 1, M: 0, Y: 1, K:0.

[wellnessforeveryone]

In the realm of natural treasures, the sea buckthorn berry shines brightly. Bursting with health benefits and vibrant hues, this European and Asian native is a must-know for all health aficionados. Dive into the sea buckthorn saga with us, and discover how to harness its magic for your well-being!

[thehappybroadcast]

A series of scientific studies have found that warmer winters have also affected the food sources which bears depend on. As part of a project backed by the European Union and the Spanish government, 150,000 native trees and shrubs will be planted, producing fruit such as chestnuts, cherries, apples and alder buckthorn across 155 hectares in Cantabria, Castilla y Leon and Asturias. There are estimated to be about 330 brown bears living in northern Spain and the species is classified as endangered. The project also aims to educate the human population about how they should adapt to having more bears in woods and mountains during the winter. Source: MSN https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/spain-to-plant-thousands-of-trees-to-help-feed-bears-as-climate-change-forces-them-from-hibernation-early/ar-BB1ewBbk

[dark-and-twisty-01]

Bender Family - serial killers who eluded capture (1872-73)

Nothing is known of the Bender family's origins, except that all four members spoke with varying degrees of German accent. Whether or not they were actually European immigrants is now impossible to learn, an aspect of the killer blood that shall, like so much else about their lives, remain forever wrapped in mystery.

The Benders enter recorded history in 1872, as new arrivals in the small community of Cherryvale, Kansas. William Bender was the patriarch, a bearded hulk whose age was estimated in the neighbourhood of 60 years. No given name has been recorded for his wife, "Ma" Bender, some 10 years her husband's junior. Their elder child was John, a brawny simpleton given to odd fits of giggling. The baby and star of the family was daughter, Kate, an attractive blonde in her early 20s who quickly emerged as the family's spokesperson and, some said, the brains behind their infamous career in homicide.

Soon after their arrival in Montgomery County, the Benders built a one room cabin on the road between Cherryvale and Thayer. A sheet of canvas cut the room in half, with private living quarters on one side and a public room on the other. Travelers could buy a home cooked meal or rent a cot from the Benders, but some paid for the rest stop with their lives.

In practice, transient groups and hard luck drifters had nothing to fear from the Bender clan; a solitary traveller with cash or valuables in hand was something else again. The chosen mark was seated at a table, with the canvas curtain at his back. Kate Bender served his meal, distracting him with conversation or a bit of cleavage while her brother or the old man crept up on the victim's blind side and dispatched him with a crushing hammer blow. That done, the corpse was lowered through a trapdoor to the cellar, stripped and looted, finally buried on the grounds outside. Ma Bender did her part by planting flowers to conceal the graves.

When travellers were scarce, Kate Bender did her part to keep the family business going. On her own, she toured south-eastern Kansas, billing herself as "Professor Miss Kate Bender," a psychic medium with contacts in the spirit world. Her public seances earned money for the family, and young male members of the audience were sometimes more impressed with Kate's appearance than her ESP. A number of those would be suitors made the trip to Cherryvale and wound up in Ma Bender's flower bed.

The family's last known victim was Dr. William York, from Fort Scott, Kansas. Passing through Cherryvale in March 1873, York asked about overnight lodging and was pointed toward the Bender spread. He never made it home, and it was May before his brother, Col. A. M. York, arrived in search of explanations. Questioning the Benders, York received denials. He declined their hospitality and cautioned them he would soon return if he could not pick up his brother's trail.

Next morning, on May 5,1873, a passing neighbour saw the front door of the Bender cabin standing open, the family team and wagon was missing. Stepping inside, he found the place deserted. Fresh dirt in the cellar marked the grave of Dr. York, and 10 more bodies were unearthed around the cabin, all with shattered skulls. By then, the Benders had a two day lead. Colonel York led a posse in pursuit, but they returned at length with word that no trace of their quarry could be fined.

And there the matter rested for awhile. In 1884 an old man matching William Bender's description was arrested in Montana for a homicide committed near Salmon, Idaho. The victim's skull had been crushed with a sledgehammer in that case, and a message was wired to Cherryvale, seeking positive identification of the suspect. That night, the prisoner severed his own foot to escape from leg irons, and he was dead from loss of blood when his breakfast arrived in the morning. By the time a deputy arrived from Kansas, advanced decomposition had destroyed any hope of identifying the corpse (Even so, the "Bender skull" was publicly displayed in Salmon's Buckthorn Saloon until 1920, when Prohibition closed the tavern and the relic disappeared.)

Five years after the bizarre events in Idaho, Cherryvale resident Leroy Dick paid a visit to Michigan, where he identified Mrs. Almira Griffith and her daughter, Mrs. Sarah Davies, as Ma and Kate Bender. The suspects were extradited to Kansas, where seven members of a 13 man panel agreed with Dick's identification. Then, on the eve of the trial, a Michigan marriage license was produced for one of the women, dated in 1872, and all charges were dropped.

In 1909 George Downer, dying in Chicago, told his attorney that he had ridden with Colonel York's posse in 1873. Far from coming up empty, he said they had captured the "Hell Benders" and meted out brutal vigilante justice, saving Kate for last and burning her alive. The bodies were co-signed to an abandoned well, and posse members swore among themselves that they would take the secret to their graves. In 1910, before Downer's statement was widely aired, a similar deathbed confession emerged from New Mexico. The source, a man named Harker, admitted taking several thousand dollars from the Bender corpses before they went into the well. A search for the burial site proved fruitless, the well if it ever existed long since vanished in a sea of cultivates corn, but the lynching tale resurfaced in 1940, published by the son of an alleged posse member named Stark.

Did vigilante justice overtake the Benders on a lonely stretch of Kansas prairie in 1873? Or did the lethal clan escape, perhaps to build another roadside lair and kill again? How many victims did they claim before they moved to Cherryvale? More than 130 years beyond their crimes, the only answer to those nagging questions is the silence of the grave.

[musclevitalogy-blog]

Buckthorn Bark (Rhamnus frangula) Common Names: Alder buckthorn, arrowwood, alder dogwood, black alder tree, black dogwood, European black alder, European buckthorn, Persian berries. #properties and #uses: _________________________ Purgative. It works without irritating the system and can be used for all conditions causing or in any way associated with constipation. This includes liver and gallbladder problems. This herb produces no constipated adverse reaction after purgation, nor does it's effectiveness diminish with repeated use. Used as a tea, Buckthorn is also good for dropsy, obesity, lead colic and hemorrhoids. _________________________ #romthevitalist #mastertrainer #herbalist #herbology #herbalism #health #tea #buckthorn #buckthornbark #rhamnusfrangula #alderdogwood #arrowwood #blackalder #tree #european #persianberries

[blackswallowtailbutterfly]

Smoothie Ideas

Know what it’s time for? A smoothie idea no one asked for. If I had access to all of these and a good amount of space to work with as well as room in a freezer, and a good blender/food processor, this is what I would do. All plant parts in equal amounts. Plus plain yogurt and silky tofu for texture. And maple syrup, honey, and cane sugar for added sweetness.

Purple smoothie

honey: fall

acai

asters

beautyberry

black mulberry

black nightshade berries: Eastern glossy wonderberry

blackberries and raspberries: black raspberry blackberry blue raspberry boysenberry loganberry marionberry swamp dewberry youngberry

blue tomatillo

blueberries: bilberry bog bilberry common deerberry highbush hillside lowbush

chokeberry

common buckthorn

common elderberry

crowberry

blackcurrant: European northern

grape hyacinth flower

grapes: black concord riverbank wine witchfinger

harebell flowers

haskap

jaboticaba

jamun

lavender flower

lilac flowers

nannyberry

plums: black damson sloe

porcelain berry

purple cauliflower

red cabbage

rose petal

Russian sage

serviceberries: Bartram juneberry Canadian downy inland low shadbush pigeonberry roundleaf saskatoon smooth

star apple

taro

violets: early blue Labrador marsh northern bog wood

[livingcorner]

Safe Aviary Plants and Toxic Plants for Birds@|what plants can i put in an outdoor aviary@|@|24

Plants not only add aesthetic value to an otherwise sterile-looking enclosure, but they also provide a more natural, engaging, and secure environment for the inhabitants to enjoy. Using plants to create visual barriers within the flight may help reduce aggression among cagemates by providing objects for the birds to hide behind.5 This in turn helps to make the birds feel more secure, and may therefore result in reduced stress levels. Foliage in the cage gives the birds something to occupy themselves with–birds often chew on, play within, and even build nests out of plants placed in their living space.

For this reason, care must be taken when selecting plants to decorate a flight. Both live and fake plants may be used, but all parts of the plant must be safe and nontoxic. The best fake plants to use are constructed of untreated silk and plastic. Make sure the silk plants do not have any components that may be easy for a bird to consume, tangle itself in, get caught on, or stuck by. Treated wood baskets and paper plants may be hazardous choices and are not recommended for decorating flights. Two benefits of using silk plants are: 1) they are not as easily destroyed by the birds, and 2) they can be scrubbed clean and disinfected as needed.

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Live plants tend to demand more upkeep and may need to be replaced more frequently, as finches often love to pick them apart. Try to obtain plants that have not been sprayed with any pesticides or chemicals, and be sure to rinse the plants off before placing them in and around the flight. Do not add any fertilizers to the soil (they are toxic);6 if fertilizers are already present in the soil, repot the plant with uncontaminated soil. Leaving each plant in its pot is suggested, in case a plant dies and needs to be removed.

Helpful Hints41

Placement Plantings should be spaced appropriately to allow room for flight paths and to permit the birds to access to the floor of the enclosure. Walk-in enclosures should also have planned pathways for birdkeeper access. Be careful to provide climbing vines with trellis to support the weight of their growth; otherwise they could break the aviary mesh and allow escape of the birds.

Selection Aside from ensuring that the plant(s) you have selected are non-toxic, try to avoid purchasing plants which are tall and rapidly-growing as these will require constant pruning. In addition to considering what plants are best suited for your area, don’t forget to also consider the needs of the birds. Avadavats and Munias enjoy climbing small bamboos and grasses, for example, Munias and Mannikins prefer to weave their nests into grass clumps, and Weavers need palm leaves and broad-leafed grasses for nesting material.

Timing of Live Plantings Plants should be added to the enclosure as it is being completed. The plants should be allowed to grow sufficiently before adding the birds; this way, the plants will be better able to withstand being nibbled on. Ideally plants should produce their densest foliage while the birds are nesting.

Safe Aviary Plants25,17

When choosing plants for your aviary, consult a botanist or experienced gardener who can help you select plants which are suitable for planting in your locale (considering your hardiness zone, soil type, sun exposure, etc.). Below are some options which have been listed as safe for birds.

Note: Please be aware that roses and bougainvillea have thorns.

Outdoor Plants

Trees & Shrubs Acacia Almond Arbutus Ash

Aspen Autumn olive Bayberry Birch Bladdernut Blueberry Camellia Cottonwood Dogwood Elm Fir (balsam, douglas, subalpine, white) Forsythia Fuchsia Guava Hawthorn Larch Madrona Magnolia Mango (zone 9+) Manzanita Mountain ash Nectarine Papaya (zone 10+) Pear (as long as the seeds aren’t eaten) Pine (ponderosa, spruce, Virginia, white) Pittosporum (zone 9+) Poplar Pyracantha Raspberry Rose Rubus odoratus Spruce (black, Norway, red, white) Viburnum White poplar

Vines Bougainvillea (can also be grown as shrub or small tree) Grape vine Russian Vine (Polygonum baldschuanicum)

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Grasses & Herbs Bamboo Oregano Rosemary Thyme

Ground Cover and Short Plants Baby’s tears aka Polka Dot Plant (Helxine soleirolii) Chickweed Creeping jenny (Lysimachia)

Wild passerines built a nest in a hanging petunia.

Dandelion Marigold Mother of pearl Nasturtium (zone 9+) Petunia Piggyback begonia (Begonia hispida variant Cucullifera) Piggyback plant Plectranthus (zone 9+) Sedum Thistle White clover

Indoor Plants (Safe Houseplants) and Tropical Plants

African violet (Saintpaulia spp., Episcia reptans) Aluminum plant (Pilea cadierei)

Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus) Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) Bloodleaf Bromeliads Burro’s tail Cactus (except pencil, peyote, mescaline, candelabra) Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera bridgesii) Cissus: Danish ivy aka Grape Ivy (Cissus rhombifolia), Kangaroo vine (Cissus antarctica)

Emerald ripple peperomia

Flame nettle (Coleus sp.) Gold-fish plant Hens & chickens

Lipstick plant

Madagascar jasmine Monkey plant Nerve plant Palms:

Potted palms provide privacy around the nest.

Areca (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens)

Bamboo (Chamaedorea erumpens)

Butterfly Cane

Canary Island (Phoenix canariensis)

Date

European Fan (Chamaerops humilis)

Fishtail

Golden Feather

Paradise/Kentia (Howea foresterana)

Parlor (Chamaedorea elegans)

Lady (Raphis excelsa)

Madagascar

Miniature Fan

Phoenix

Pygmy Date

Robelein Lady

Sentry

Wine

Peacock plant (Calathea) Pepperomia (Pepperomia sp.) Prayer plant (Maranta leuconeura) Purple Passion aka Velvet Plant (Gynura aurantiaca) Spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum) Swedish ivy (Plectranthus verticillatus)

Wandering jew (Tradescantia sp.) including Giant white inch plant Wax plant (Hoya carnosa) Zebra plant (Aphelandra squarrosa)

Plants which Allow for Perching Dwarf or Hawaiian Schefflera (Schefflera arboricola) Umbrella tree/Schefflera (Brassaia actinophylla) False aralia

Toxic Plants

Plant toxicosis in birds occurs if they chew on or ingest toxic plants. The toxic reaction can be due to pesticide residues on the plants, or to toxins within the plants themselves. Birds which chew on toxic plants may develop oral irritation; if they ingest enough, systemic clinical signs can occur such as vomiting or diarrhea. There is likely significant species differences in sensitivity,16 and studies are lacking. However, plants which have been reported as toxic in some birds, or which are considered to be potentially toxic include:6,25,52,29,56,16,17,28

Common Name Scientific Name Poisonous Part Symptoms Aconite Aconitum sp. all parts Agapanthus Agapanthus sp. sap Amaryllis Amaryllidaceae bulbs American yew Taxus canadensis needles, seeds Apple seeds Apricot pits Arrowhead vine Syngonium podophyllum leaves Arum Lily Arum sp. all parts Autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale all parts Avocado Persea americana pits, skin, flesh Reduced activity, inability to perch, fluffing feathers, labored breathing, rapid death, generalized tissue congestion. Azalea Rhododendron occidentale leaves Balsam pear Memordica charantia seeds, fruit rind Baneberry Actaia sp. berries, roots Bay tree Laurus nobilis Beans all types if uncooked Belladonna Atropa belladonna all parts Bird of paradise Caesalpina gilliesii seeds Bishop’s weed Ammi majus Bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara immature fruit Black locust Robina pseudoacacia bark, sprouts, foliage Blue-green algae Schizophycaea sp. some forms toxic Hepatotoxic, lethal respiratory arrest. Boxwood Buxus sempervirens leaves, stems Buckthorn Rhamnus sp. fruit, bark Burdock Arctium minus Buttercup Ranunculus sp. sap, bulbs Caladium Caladium sp. leaves Calla lily Zantedeschia aethiopica leaves Severe irritation of mucous membranes, edema & irritation may take weeks to subside; severe dyspnea; severe keratoconjunctivitis if plant juices contact eyes. Vomiting, diarrhea. Camel bush Trichodesma incanum Candelabra cactus Euphorbia lactea sap Castor bean or Castor oil plant Ricinus communis beans, leaves Vomiting, diarrhea (possibly bloody), necrosis of organs (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, stomach, intestine) in mammals. Chalice vine Solandra sp. all parts Cherry bark, twigs, leaves, pits Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus clippings release cyanide fumes Chinese evergreen Aglaonema modestum all parts Christmas candle Pedilanthus tithymaloides sap Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum sp. leaves, stems, flowers Clematis Clematis sp. all parts Coffee bean Sesbania sp seeds Gastroenteritis, can be fatal. Hyperthermia, hypertension, hyperactivity, seizures, tachycardia. Coral plant Jatropha multifida seeds Cowslip Caltha polustris all parts Croton Codiaeum sp. sap Crown of thorns Euphorbia milii sap Daffodil Narcissus sp. bulbs Daphne Daphne sp. berries Datura Datura sp. berries Deadly amanita Amanita muscaria all parts Death camas Zygadenis elegans all parts Delphinium Delphinium sp. all parts Diffenbachia or Dumb cane Dieffenbachia picta, sp. leaves Severe irritation of mucous membranes, edema & irritation may take weeks to subside; severe dyspnea; severe keratoconjunctivitis if plant juices contact eyes. Vomiting, diarrhea. Eggplant Solanaceae sp. all parts except fruit Elephant’s ear Colocasis sp. or Alocasia sp. leaves, stems Severe irritation of mucous membranes, edema & irritation may take weeks to subside; severe dyspnea; severe keratoconjunctivitis if plant juices contact eyes. Vomiting, diarrhea. English ivy Ilex aquafolium berries, leaves English yew Taxus baccata needles, seeds Ergot Claviceps purpurea present in poorly stored seed, silage, dog food Gangrene, hyperexcitability, seizures. Euonymus Euonymus sp. all parts False henbane Veratrum woodii all parts Flamingo flower Anthurium sp. leaves, stems Foxglove Digitalis purpurea leaves, seeds Digitalis glycoside – vomiting, bradycardia, arrhythmias, heart block Golden chain Laburnum anagyroides all parts Hemlock (poisoin and water) Conium sp. all parts Henbane Hyocyanamus niger seeds Holly Ilex sp. berries Horse chestnut Aesculus sp. nuts, twigs House plant ferns Pteris sp. Hyacinth Hyancinthinus orientalis bulbs Hydrangea Hydrangea sp. flower bud Iris Iris sp. bulbs Ivy Hedera sp. leaves, berries Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum all parts Japanese yew Taxus cuspidata needles, seeds Java bean (lima bean) Phaseolus lunatus uncooked beans Jerusalem cherry Solanum pseudocapsicum berries Arrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block, severe gastroenteritis, calcification of vascular system, lungs, kidneys. May be teratogenic. Jimsonweed Datura sp. leaves, seeds Tachycardia, convulsions, death. Juniper Juniperus virginiana needles, stems, berries Lantana Lantana sp. immature berries Larkspur Delphinium sp. all parts Laurel Kalmia, Ledum, Rhodendron sp. all parts Lily Lilium sp. bulbs Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis all parts, including water housing the plant Vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block. Lobelia Lobelia sp. all parts Locoweed Astragalus mollissimus or Astragalus emoryanus all parts Hyperexcitability and locomotor difficulty. Lords and ladies Arum sp. all parts Lupin Lupinus sp. Marijuana Cannabis sativa leaves Maternity plant Klanchoe sp. Mayapple Podophyllum sp. all parts except fruit Mescal bean Sophora sp. seeds Milkweed Asclepias sp. Weakness, ataxia, seizures, cardiovascular signs. Mistletoe Santalales sp. berries Mock orange Poncirus sp. fruit Monkshood Aconitum sp. all parts Morning glory Ipomoea sp. all parts Narcissus Narcissus sp. bulbs Nightshades Solanum sp. berries, leaves Arrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block, severe gastroenteritis, calcification of vascular system, lungs, kidneys. May be teratogenic. Oak Quercus sp. Anorexia, diarrhea, small intestinal ulceration and hemorrhage, renal failure & polydypsia, hepatotoxic, can be fatal. Oleander, bay laurel Nerium oleander all parts Digitalis glycoside – vomiting, bradycardia, arrhythmias, heart block Parlor ivy Senecio sp. all parts Parsley Petroselinum sativum Peace lily Spathiphyllum sp. Regurgitation, oral pain, dysphagia and anorexia Peach pits Pencil tree Euphorbia tirucalli sap Philodendron Philodendron sp. leaves, stems Severe irritation of mucous membranes, edema & irritation may take weeks to subside; severe dyspnea; severe keratoconjunctivitis if plant juices contact eyes. Vomiting, diarrhea. Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima leaves, flowers, stem, oily white sap Irritation, vesication, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis. Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans sap Poison oak Toxicodendron quercifolium sap Poison sumac Toxicodendron vernix sap Pokeweed Phytolacca americans leaves, roots, berries Ulcerative gastroenteritis; acute hemolytic crisis in people. Potato Solanum tuberosum skin, eyes, new shoots Arrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block, severe gastroenteritis, calcification of vascular system, lungs, kidneys. May be teratogenic. Pothos Epipremnum aureum all parts Regurgitation, oral pain, dysphagia and anorexia. Precatory bean Arbus precatoius Privet Ligustrum volgare all parts Ranunculus Ranunculus sp. sap Rhododendron Rhododendron sp. all parts Rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum leaves Rosary pea, prayer beans, Seminole beads Abrus precatorius seeds Vomiting, diarrhea (possibly bloody), necrosis of organs (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, stomach, intestine) in mammals. Sago Palm, Zamia Palm, Cycad Palm Cycad sp. Liver failure. Skunk cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus all parts Snowdrop Orinthogalum unbellatum all parts Snow on the mountain (ghostweed) Euphorbia marginata all parts Spindle tree Euonymus japonica all parts Split leaf philodendron or Swiss cheese plant Monstera sp. all parts Sweet pea Lathyrus latifolius seeds and fruit Tobacco Nicotinia sp. leaves Vomiting, diarrhea, hyperexcitability, muscle fasciculations, seizures, rapid death. Pododermatitis if bird handled by a smoker. Coughing, sneezing, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, secondary respiratory infections if exposed to cigarette smoke. Umbrella plant Cyperus alternifolius leaves Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolio sap Western yew Taxus breviflora needles, seeds Wisteria Wisteria sp. all parts Xanthosoma Xanthosoma sp. leaves Yam bean Pachyrhizus erosis roots, immature pods Yellow jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens flowers Yew Taxus media wood, bark, leaves, seeds Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, shock, coma, seizure, deaths from cardiac or respiratory failure.

Avian Plant Toxicology Research

Studies of plant toxicity in finch species are greatly lacking, however a few studies were done using canaries. Unfortunately, because great variation exists among species, it is not safe to assume that plants which are non-toxic to canaries are equally safe to other birds and vice versa.

[external_link offset=2]

AUTHOR(S): Arai, M.; Stauber, E.; Shropshire, C. M. TITLE: Evaluation of selected plants for their toxic effects on canaries. YEAR: 1992 CITATION: J Am Vet Med Assoc, 200(9), +61404532026

ABSTRACT: Leaves or fruit from 14 plants considered to be toxic to pet birds were administered by gavage to 15 pairs of canaries (Serinus canaria). Each bird was given 0.12 to 0.70 g of plant material. One pair served as a control and was given distilled water. The plant materials were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, pulverized, and resuspended in deionized water for administration. Of the plants tested, 5 (

oleander, lupine, foxglove, yew leaves, and dieffenbachia) were considered highly toxic and were associated with acute death of birds. The remaining plant samples (clematis, Hoya carnosa, privet Ligustrum vulgare, parsley Petrosilium sativum, cherry Prunus sp., Pyracantha coccinia, rhododendron, black locust Robinia pseudoacacia, and wisteria) caused no, or only transient, clinical illness.

AUTHOR(S): Hargis, A. M.; Stauber, E.; Casteel, S.; Eitner, D. TITLE: Avocado (Persea americana) intoxication in caged birds. YEAR: 1989 CITATION: J Am Vet Med Assoc, 194(1), 64-66

ABSTRACT: Following two incidents in which a pet canary and three pet cockatiels died under conditions suggesting ingestion of avocado as cause of death, an experimental study was undertaken. Avocados of two cultivars were mashed and administered via feeding cannula to 8 canaries and 8 budgerigars. Two control budgerigars were given water via feeding cannula. Six budgerigars and 1 canary died within 24 to 47 hours after the first administration of avocado.

Deaths were associated with administration of both avocado cultivars. Higher dose was associated with greater mortality. The 2 budgerigars given water were normal throughout the observation period. It is concluded that avocados are highly toxic to budgerigars and less toxic to canaries. PM findings observed in some birds included subcutaneous oedema in the pectoral area and hydropericardium.

The following study was done using just budgies:

AUTHOR(S): Shropshire, C. M.; Stauber, E.; Arai, A. TITLE: Evaluation of selected plants for acute toxicosis in budgerigars. YEAR: 1992 CITATION: J Am Vet Med Assoc, 200(7), 936-939

ABSTRACT: Pairs of budgerigars were given samples, by gavage, of plants considered potentially toxic to pet birds. Samples were prepared by flash-freezing and powdering fresh plant material in liquid nitrogen and resuspending the material in deionized water for administration. Of the 19 plants tested, only 6 induced clinical signs of illness; these plants included

yew, oleander, clematis, avocado, black locust, and Virginia creeper (Taxus media, Nerium oleander, Clematis sp, Persea americana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Parthenocissus quinquefolio).

The other plants tested in this study were: bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis), privet (Ligustrum sp.), honeysuckle (Lonicera sp.), lupine (Lupinus sp.), cherry (Prunus sp.), pyracantha (Pyracantha coccinea), boxwood (Buxus sp.), dumbcane (Dieffenbachia seguine), foxglove (Digitalis sp.), spindle bush (Euonymus alatus), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherima), rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.), and blue elderberry (Sambucus cerulea).

Note how some plants which appear well tolerated by budgies (lupine, dieffenbachia, foxglove) prove fatal to canaries, while some plants which canaries appear to tolerate (clematis, black locust) make budgies quite ill. Until more research is done, it is important to err on the side of caution and avoid any plant which may potentially be toxic. [external_footer]

source https://livingcorner.com.au/safe-aviary-plants-and-toxic-plants-for-birdswhat-plants-can-i-put-in-an-outdoor-aviary24/

[listentothepages]

5, 8, 44, 55?

5. do you prefer to drink soda from soda cans, soda bottles, plastic cups or glass cups? cans, if i’m not on the go! they’re kind of nostalgic. :’) 8. movies or tv shows? tv shows! i like it when there’s more time to explore characters and ideas and let things develop, as well as include some fun filler stuff. 44. favorite scent for soap? honestly, anything. i like switching it up! rn i'm using a sea buckthorn soap bar that i got as a gift. 55. favorite fairy tale? i was really into fairytales and folktales as a kid, and a lot of my favourites are those classic european/nordic ones that have a million different names and versions. but from ones i can name, i remember liking the little mermaid and some version of the slavic fairy tale tsarevich ivan, the firebird and the gray wolf! 💞

[pagewitchcraft]

HERB DICTIONARY

(PLEASE BE CAREFUL AND CAUTIOUS WITH THESE PLANTS/ROOTS/BERRIES/FUNGI)

(I'LL BE POSTING MORE LATER)

Acacia (also known as Cassie Flower, Gum Arabic and Egyptian Thorn)

Apart of the Fabaceae family. This plant is used for cuts, wounds and sore throat in African countries. This plant is located in Tropical and Spring, Sub-Saharan Africa, most abundant in the Darfur region of Sudan. Hot, dry regions of Africa - Senegal to Ethiopia and Somalia, south to Natal; Arabian Peninsula; Indian subcontinent. It can cause minor adverse effects, including gas, bloating, nausea, and loose stools. The resin is used.

Acai Berry (also known as Jussara, or Açai)

Apart of the Arecaceae family. This berry is used for Cardiovascular, Diet/weight Loss, Nutrition in South American countries. This plant is very common in the rainforest, Amazon in Brazil, tropical, Central and South America. The side effects of this berry like any other fruit and are not particularly harmful unless you over consume or are allergic to them. Eating too many acai berries can increase bleeding and blood pressure.

Acorus Root (also know as Calamus root, Sweet Sledge, Sweet Myrtle, & Sweet Flag)

Apart of the Acoraceae family. This root is used for menorrhea, aphrodisiac, asthma, ayurvedic, colds, congestion, headache/migraine, sore throat, stop smoking. This plant can be found in the Wetlands; indigenous to India, now found across Europe, in southern Russia, northern Asia Minor, southern Siberia, China, Japan, Burma, Sri Lanka, Australia, southern Canada and northern USA; Ayurvedic; European; North America. This is a very tricky plant Calamus is likely unsafe when taken by mouth. The FDA prohibits calamus use in food products because three of the four species of calamus found in the world contain a cancer–causing chemical called beta-asarone. The most common side effect to calamus is vomiting although fast heart rate and slowed intestinal movements have also been reported. The Rhizome is used.

Agaricus Blazei Mushroom (also known as Himematsutake (in Japan), and Cogumelo do Sol (in Brazil)

From the Agaricaceae family. Normally I would advise not to consume mushrooms that aren't from grocery stores or farmers markets. This mushroom is said to be used for cancer prevention, culinary/kitchen, immune. Very common in Central and South America. The fruiting body is used. The developing research suggests that taking agaricus mushroom might reduce some of the side effects of chemotherapy including weakness and loss of appetite.

Agave Syrup (also known as Agave Nectar)

From the Liliaceae family. This plant is used for Nutrition in Central and South American countries. They are found in the American southwest, Mexico, central and tropical South America, the Mediterranean, and some regions of India. The syrup is used. It is not a sugar-free food and therefore, must be used cautiously by people who need to restrict sugars. People who have diabetes be cautious with this plant and its syrup.

Agrimony (also known as Liverwort, Cockleburr, and Sticklewort)

This plant is from the Rosaceae family. Its used for bladder infection (UTI), children, cuts & wounds, diarrhea, herbal teas, liver, longevity tonics, menorrhagia, parasites/worms, and sore throat. A very common plant in the U.S, Canada and parts of Europe. Its native to Europe, but can also be found in temperate climate in most parts of the Northern hemisphere; much of the United States and Southern Canada. It may make the skin more sensitive to sunlight and may increase the risk of sunburn. Though agrimony is an effective treatment for many forms of diarrhea, it can aggravate constipation. Aerial parts are used.

Ajwain Seed (also known as Ajwain, or Ajwon)

From the Apiaceae family. This seed is used for ayurvedic, culinary/kitchen, and digestion. Ajowan is native to India, but is also cultivated in Iran, Egypt, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Particularly in the Middle East. No known side effects when taking these seeds.

Alder Buckthorn (also known as Alder Dogwood)

From the Rhamnaceae family. This berry is used for constipation. Its native to most of Europe and spreads as far as western China. It grows best in wet soils and open woods, thriving in scrubs, hedgerows, wet heathland, river banks and bogs. Although it prefers acidic soils it can grow on neutral soils as well. The aged or heated bark are used. It might cause low potassium, heart problems, stomach problems, muscle weakness, and blood problems, including blood in the urine. If the buckthorn is not aged, it is not laxative, it is purgative, causing intense intestinal spasms and vomiting.

Ale Hoof (also known as Ground Ivy, Ale Hoof Gill-over-the-ground)

From the Lamiaceae family. This plant is used for many things such as indigestion, fevers, headaches, griping pain, gout, sciatica, vertigo, weak backs, nervous disorders and depression; jaundice, arthritis, persistent coughs and respiratory ailments; normalising heart beat; stones in the urinary tract; stimulating circulation; detoxifying the body and strengthening the stomach, spleen, gall, glands, kidneys, liver (as a gentle stimulating tonic) and to prevent premature ageing. The whole herb can be used. Its habitats and side effects are unknown unfortunately. But it might be found in North America.

Alfalfa

From the Fabaceae family. This plant is used for cancer prevention, candida/yeast, cholesterol, culinary/kitchen, female hormones, herbal teas, longevity tonics, menopause, nutrition, osteoporosis, pet, spring tonics. It is not picky as to soil, but it does prefer full sun and regular watering. The aerial (aboveground) parts of the plant are used in herbal medicine. Alfalfa seeds shouldn't be consumed if you have lupus or are in remission. Use alfalfa only during its prebloom stages of growth. Alfalfa seeds should never be eaten unless sprouted because they contain high levels of the toxic amino acid canavanine. The dried leaves, stems, unopened flowers, sprouts can be used.

[tinyshe]

Garden report 21.01.07

We seem to be in some sort of waltz through winter: cold, cold, warm, rain, repeat. So I wandered out to the garden to see the effects. The blueberries are budding up. Made some soft wood clippings of the two most productive (10 each). Cut back the artichokes in anticipation of putting in a couple of purple walking stick kale to share the bed that I was gifted. Pruned a couple of roses (and did soft wood cutting; I know, I can’t help myself!) and pruned the Asian pear. Trimmed back the sea buckthorn. Took dead wood out of the hedge berries. Took down some dead kiwi vine to mulch in path. Trimmed back the dead material from the Jerusalem artichokes I keep in big pots. I then started on the heirloom European pear, what I could reach with a ladder but evening was softly creeping in and the little birds wanted to bed a snack before bed while the last rays of the day lingered in the garden. Yes, I put out a couple of blocks of commercial suet for Christmas. A bit relieved we don’t have the masses like last year! So   I retreated, closing up the grow closet (the peas are starting to bloom!), but not before drawing a bucket of rain water from the barrow and setting it inside for when things dry out more. Dumped the remaining on the ground as I am sure to get more before tomorrow. Chickens are doing fine. Rossetti and Alcott are taking time off but Bronte is giving me an egg every other day. Still worried that the other two are a little lighter so I am giving more freeze dried bugs, less scratch and forcing them to eat more of the high protein pellets. I am now just down to peanut butter suet which they detest so eventually I will give that suet to the ravens if I can get rid of the bloody seagulls.

Still working on the short breath side of things but there is so much cleaning to be done! We got so much rain that the dogwood is back on the fence with the help of some strong winds. It just wants to go over so it will have to come down this weekend if the weather be fine. Maybe get some help trimming more things in the process. The camellias need a good lopping even though they are starting to bloom. I just don’t care at this point -- its time to get things way back even if it takes a couple of years to hide the ugly job. As much as I hate the sound of a chain saw and more so, hate having people on ladders with chain saws, I think this just might be the time. My shredder chopper is officially dead so I might just have to shake the purse hard enough to come up with the fee for a tonne of green waste. Seems like such a pity but there just isn’t the space for that much compostable material without being able to reduce the size! That is the down side of having large specimens/ trees and shrubs; at some point, they have to be managed with a good trim job. And without a chopper, I am at the mercy of the disposal fee.

The vinca under the pergola is starting to bloom! The daffs are sprouting. Some of the roses are starting to bloom a few shy blossoms and the rosemary is starting to bloom. I can’t believe that Spring could possibly be on its way?!