#European buckthorn

[thebotanicalarcade]

n57_w1150 by Biodiversity Heritage Library Via Flickr: Flore forestière :. Paris :J. Rothschild,1872.. biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13414188

[alyssafedrau]

Solidago Rugosa: commonly called "wrinkleleaf goldenrod" or "rough-stemmed goldenrod." Native to North America, and mostly on the eastern coast.

Hemp-agrimony: A herbaceous plant of the daisy family. It is occasionally found as a garden escape. They are pollinated by insects from July, to early September. The heads are tiny, fluffy, and can appear dusty pink! (They are more pink in my nature pictures than my final product, as they started to lose color.)

American Elm: (Leaves) Elms are known for their green leaves that turn yellow coming into fall time. These can no longer be recommended to plant due to the Dutch Elm disease. But ones more resistant to this said disease are available for planting. (I used the Plantin app, so I would assume these leaves are from one of the similar types rather than the American Elm!) The American Elm was the most popular tree plant in the 19th century!

European Buckthorn: A species of small tree in the flowering plant family. It is known for having small spines on the branches edges. These plants were introduced to North America in the 1800s. They have now naturalized in open woods, pastures, fields, prairies etc.

Attendance:

"'It seems,' the author concludes, 'that somehow beige is interpreted as a neutral- ambiguous color that everyone will like.' In fact the situation is even worse than that: the hope is not that everyone will like it, but that it won't offend anyone" (Page 59).

I found it interesting as before this is was said that... "it is unassuming and safe, but deeply dull" (Page 59). It is fascinating how beige is a universal "boring" color, yet it is so widely used. The book used the example of rental properties, and I think that is a great example. Neutrals like beige are often used in these, which you would think is odd for it being so dull. But the quote I found makes it make sense, so it will not offend anyone. People know that beige is not a liked color, but nobody is offended by beige, and beige does not really mean anything. And I think that was a very interesting point to touch on.

[brightlotusmoon]

We went to the local Eastern European market, where we got saffron, a Georgian spice mix, seabuckthorn juice, seabuckthorn jam, and Phylo dough.

Husband made baklava without walnuts for me, and added sea buckthorn jam to the glaze. He took the remaining phylo and made several cheesy meaty mushroom souffle dishes.

This is what happens when you couldn't afford that half scholarship to the Culinary Institute Of The Arts in the 90s and you marry a recovering anorexic who loves exploring flavors.

[leftistfanenboii]

Was there a fucking Bradford pear and European buckthorn as well?!

this redditor has the fucking battle royale of invasive plants (in the US) happening in their yard jesus christ. sentences of hate and destruction

[freyrnigeria]

Comprehending the Future Prohibition of Botanicals in the EU Containing Hydroxyanthracene Derivatives in 2025

Presentation Always changing guidelines are to be sure one of the elements that figure out the food and dietary enhancement ventures to guarantee general wellbeing security. For example, certain organic species containing hydroxyanthracene subordinates (HADs) will be prohibited in 2025. The amendment to Regulation (EC) No. 98/2004, which was made as a proposal from the European Commission (EC), The goal of 1925/2006 is to address the health risks posed by these substances.

This blog delves into the background of this regulatory shift, the affected botanical species, the implications for manufacturers, and the means by which one can comply with EU regulations.

Background on Hydroxyanthracene Derivatives Hydroxyanthracene derivatives are plant-derived natural compounds that have been used for centuries, primarily for their laxative properties. They have been presented in food enhancements and home grown meds since days of yore because of animating defecation impacts.

However, in the past ten years, there has been an increase in concerns regarding HADs' safety. The EFSA has, as a matter of fact, gave an assessment that advances wellbeing takes a chance from likely long haul openness to the mixtures. In particular, it discussed genotoxicity, cancer-causing nature, and gastrointestinal issues, which have frightened wellbeing controllers. As a result, the European Commission has taken action to prohibit the use of HAD-containing botanicals in food products to stop them from entering consumer markets.

The Amendment's Effects on Certain Botanical Species The upcoming ban focuses specifically on a few botanical species that are known to contain hydroxyanthracene derivatives. These species include:

Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb); Rheum officinale (Turkey rhubarb); Sagrada Cascade's Rhamnus purshiana; Alder buckthorn, Rhamnus frangula; likewise Senna Cassia Due to their natural laxative properties, these botanicals have been extensively utilized in the production of food supplements. However, their continued use will be forbidden unless manufacturers can demonstrate analytically that their products do not contain hydroxyanthracene derivatives by 2025.

More information about the Amendment The proposed amendment to Regulation (EC) No. The requirements for manufacturers who are interested in selling products that contain these botanicals on the European market are clearly outlined in 1925/2006. The amendment's specific characteristics include:

Restriction on Some Botanicals: The five (05) types of botanicals having hydroxyanthracene subsidiaries will be confined from use in dietary enhancements assuming that evidence is viewed as lacking for those mixtures. Evidence of Absence: Through validated analytical testing, manufacturers must demonstrate that neither the raw materials nor the finished products contain hydroxyanthracene derivatives. The products cannot be legally sold on the EU market without this evidence. Viable Date: Manufacturers will have time to reformulate or phase out affected products as a result of the ban, which is expected to take effect in the first quarter of 2025.

Producer and Brand Proprietors Suggestions The hydroxyanthracene subordinates boycott will profoundly affect the makers and brand proprietors in the food supplement market. The key affected areas are as follows:

a. Product Reformulation To comply with the new regulations, businesses that currently incorporate these botanical species into their formulations will need to reformulate their products. This could mean looking for substitute ingredients that have similar advantages but don't pose the same health risks as hydroxyanthracene derivatives. Finding such options might require huge innovative work, adding to the expense of consistence.

b. Provider Commitment

Makers should team up with providers for items liberated from unrefined components that contain hydroxyanthracene subsidiaries. This requires documentation and testing results from the providers that demonstrate the shortfall of the substances. As a result, a company may be required to acquire supplies from various businesses or implement new quality control measures, which will cause disruption in the existing supply chain.

c. Testing and Quality Control In order to verify that their products do not contain hydroxyanthracene derivatives, businesses must implement stringent testing procedures. This incorporates embracing examination strategies that the administrative specialists grant and presenting testing methodology in the control of value techniques. Producers are probably going to cause higher activity costs on both framework and ability to do these tests.

d. Changes to Labeling and Advertising Products that continue to use banned botanicals unless reformulated will no longer be marketable in the EU. The end result will be improved product description, marketing materials, and labeling. Customers will be able to obtain accurate product information thanks to this action, which is necessary to strictly avoid regulatory violations.

The ban on hydroxyanthracene derivatives will have a number of effects on the food supplement industry, including the following:

a. Access to the Market and Product Availability A lot of products that are currently on the market contain hydroxyanthracene derivatives, which are often advertised as having a laxative effect. If these compounds are banned, their products will either have to be reformulated to cease operations or will be significantly reduced in the market, making it difficult for manufacturers to maintain sales by developing new products or modifying existing ones.

b. Disruptions in the Supply Chain Finding raw materials that are compliant and free of hydroxyanthracene derivatives may be difficult for SMEs. At the point when makers find elective providers, deficiencies in the store network joined with popularity for consistent fixings might bring about deficiencies and inaccessibility other than adjusting the cost of items.

c. Increased Compliance Costs Manufacturers will incur additional costs for reformulation, testing, and quality assurance as a result of this. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) will be hardest hit because it may be difficult for them to cover these costs. Costs would, in this manner, ascend for end clients or organizations might experience low net revenues. Despite the fact that larger businesses may be in a better position to face these obstacles, they will still incur high costs.

Future Patterns in Herbal Guideline Hydroxyanthracene subsidiaries restricted

The prohibition on hydroxyanthracene subordinates appears to flag a generally administrative pattern in the EU's examination of natural fixings utilized for food supplements. It is likely that even more botanical substances will be examined as a result of increased public awareness of the safety of ingredients and regulators' continued emphasis on consumer health. Organizations should stay careful in current guidelines with readiness for likely future administrative updates. Proactive observing of EU regulation, combined with a promise to development in item plan, will be critical to keeping up with consistence and market pertinence.

What might Freyr Do? Administrative changes are intricate issues for organizations that work with different market prerequisites. Freyr is a company with a lot of experience dealing with regulations to make sure that manufacturers comply with the new requirements for hydroxyanthracene derivatives. Our rundown of administrations incorporates:

consultation regarding the consultative reformulation strategy and the regulatory implications of the ban on your product. Verification of the supplier: We assist in evaluating suppliers to determine whether raw materials meet regulatory requirements. Test Methodologies: Freyr will help producers in creating testing conventions to affirm the shortfall of hydroxyanthracene subsidiaries. Naming and Advertising Consistence: To avoid costly recalls or penalties, we check that all product labels and other materials are in full compliance with EU regulations. Their company's compliance, product safety, and resistance to disruption will all be ensured by Freyr's partnership. End The impending restriction on hydroxyanthracene subordinate containing botanicals is a huge administrative change for the EU food supplement industry. The ban poses numerous challenges for manufacturers, from product reformulation to supply chain management, despite its intention to safeguard consumer health. Companies that get ready early, use strict testing procedures, and work with reliable regulatory partners like Freyr will be able to successfully navigate these changes.

Feel free to get in touch with Freyr's regulatory experts if you want more information about the changes to the law and how to make sure they are followed.

[zaheersblog]

The Lost Superfoods: Rediscovering Ancient Nutrition

In the bustling aisles of modern supermarkets, amidst the dazzling array of packaged goods, it's easy to overlook the humble yet potent superfoods that sustained civilizations for centuries. These nutritional powerhouses, often forgotten in today's fast-paced world, offer a treasure trove of health benefits waiting to be rediscovered. From the depths of the rainforest to the peaks of remote mountain ranges, these lost superfoods hold the key to unlocking vitality and well-being.

Books and researchers on super food

1. Amaranth: The Sacred Grain

Centuries ago, the Aztecs revered amaranth as a staple food, considering it sacred for its exceptional nutritional profile and sustainable cultivation. Despite its ancient lineage, amaranth fell into obscurity with the arrival of European settlers in the Americas. However, recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in this resilient grain, cherished for its high protein content, essential amino acids, and abundance of vitamins and minerals. Amaranth's gluten-free nature and versatility in cooking make it a valuable addition to modern diets, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional grains.

2. Sea Buckthorn: Nature's Elixir

Nestled in the harsh landscapes of mountainous regions, sea buckthorn thrives, braving extreme temperatures and unforgiving climates. Revered by ancient cultures for its medicinal properties, this resilient shrub produces vibrant orange berries rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and omega fatty acids. From supporting cardiovascular health to promoting radiant skin, sea buckthorn offers a holistic approach to well-being. Despite its remarkable benefits, sea buckthorn remains largely overlooked in mainstream markets, waiting to be embraced once again for its healing potential.

3. Fonio: The Forgotten Grain of Africa

In the heart of West Africa, fonio once stood as a symbol of resilience and sustenance, cherished by generations for its nutritional potency and versatility. Packed with essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, fonio offers a nourishing alternative to conventional grains. Its rapid growth cycle and ability to thrive in arid environments make it a vital resource for communities facing food insecurity. Despite its rich history and nutritional value, fonio remains relatively unknown outside of its native region, awaiting recognition as a superfood worthy of global attention.

4. Tiger Nuts: Nature's Energy Booster

Originating from the Mediterranean region, tiger nuts have long been prized for their energy-boosting properties and dense nutritional profile. Despite their name, tiger nuts are not nuts but rather small tubers packed with fiber, healthy fats, and essential nutrients. From improving digestion to supporting heart health, tiger nuts offer a diverse range of health benefits. Yet, they remain largely overlooked in mainstream markets, overshadowed by more familiar superfoods. As awareness grows, tiger nuts are poised to reclaim their status as a valuable source of sustainable energy and nutrition.

5. Camu Camu: The Vitamin C Powerhouse

Hidden deep within the Amazon rainforest, camu camu emerges as a potent source of vitamin C, boasting levels higher than any other known fruit. Revered by indigenous tribes for its immune-boosting properties and medicinal benefits, camu camu offers a natural defense against illness and inflammation. Despite its extraordinary nutritional profile, camu camu remains relatively obscure in the global market, awaiting recognition for its exceptional health-promoting properties.

In conclusion, the lost superfoods of ancient civilizations offer a wealth of nutritional benefits waiting to be rediscovered in today's fast-paced world. From the sacred grain of amaranth to the vitamin C powerhouse of camu camu, these forgotten treasures hold the key to unlocking vitality and well-being. By embracing these ancient superfoods, we can not only nourish our bodies but also honor the rich cultural heritage from which they originate. It's time to embark on a journey of rediscovery and reclaim the lost superfoods that have the power to transform our health and nourish our souls.

Disclaimer:

An affiliate link has been added for you information and easy access to different authors books and researches

Access to books and researchers

[ajayhealthtip]

OX HEALTH Omega 7 Fatty Acid | Sea Buckthorn Oil | Omega 3-6-7-9 | European Source | 90 Softgels | Super Antioxidation (1)

[link-the-feral-anon]

Oh! So, you're European Buckthorn.

"touch grass" is not a viable insult in the modem age of technology. I can take my phone outside with me. I can be a hater anytime, anyplace. Frolicking through fields while I post so rancidly. Cradled in a lush bed of wildflowers while I suicide bait you

[my-reference-notes]

The Color Psychology of Green

Green is the primary color that hints at our primitive relationship with the first creation of the world – nature. Considered the key color that represents purity, health, and freshness, green has been traditionally associated with brands that encourage growth, vitality, and productivity (think Starbucks and EverNote!).

Gentle, invigorating, and relaxing, green also represents connection. Connection to ourselves, to the quiet moments in our lives, to nature itself. It is not a mere coincidence that people evade the concrete jungle of big cities to disconnect from the mundane and connect to the wilderness of nature. Green means the return to the primal roots, to the pristine kingdom of inner peace and tranquillity.

Color of nature. It symbolizes growth, harmony, freshness, and fertility.

Considered beneficial to the mind and body.

Slows human metabolism and produces a calming effect.

Strongly associated with tranquility and calmness.

Used to symbolize piety and sincerity.

Also check: Chartreuse

Green

Green is a secondary color. It is made by mixing equal parts of blue and yellow. It sits between yellow and blue on the visible spectrum. The hex code for color green is #00FF00.

The history of color green

Before the 16th century, green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, but the color would rapidly fade. Synthetic green pigments and dyes were invented in the 18th century and they quickly replaced earlier mineral and vegetable ones. Color green was finally used in art to create specific emotions and not just to imitate nature. In the 20th century, color green became a political symbol in many European countries. Today it mostly stands for environmental movements around the world.

The psychology of color green

Green is a dominant color in nature which represents natural and forestial environments. Out of all the colors on the color wheel, green is regarded as the most restful and relaxing color for the human eye. Green symbolizes harmony, tranquility, peace. As a soothing, relaxing color, it enhances stability and endurance. It is most often associated with growth and renewal, and it promotes optimism, hopefulness, and balance.

It is found that green generates therapeutic and positive outcomes, such as fostering recovery from surgery, as well as that perceiving green leads to less mood disturbance and less perceived exertion. Being associated with a place where all the basic needs can be satisfied, such as finding food, water, shelter, color green provides a sense of security. Green has calming effects. People who are supposed to appear on a television show often wait in a holding area that is painted in green color. The idea is that green will help them relax and focus, and also reduce their anxiety.

Green enhances positive cognitive outcomes, such as improved memory, problem-solving, positive thinking. For example, one study showed that people were more likely to remember positive words that were written in green color and that words linked to success were in most cases associated with the color green.

The green personality type

Green personality type tends to be analytical, calm, logical, with a great thirst for knowledge. They are sometimes described as strategic thinkers and visionaries that are also born leaders. They like to be in charge and live their life on their own terms. Those traits sometimes make them appear as stubborn and even antisocial. They believe in science and base their decisions on facts. Additionally, their decisions always rule in favor of peacemaking.

Greens are reliable, smart, tactful and independent. They quickly adapt to new situations and don’t have any difficulty grasping ideas and concepts that are abstract. They are big nature lovers and are usually family-oriented. Greens are modest, down-to-earth, and generous. They don’t have a habit of hiding their emotions and negative thoughts. Their need for closeness makes them good friends and romantic partners. Their relationships are based on respect and loyalty. 

Negative characteristics of color green

Darker hues of green carry more negative connotations, while lighter shades mostly represent positive ones. Too much green or wrong shades of green can evoke the sense of stagnation and isolation. Green is sometimes associated with sickness, which is captured by the expression ’green around the gills’. Green is linked to envious and selfish persons. Green personality types  are sometimes viewed as immature and inexperienced. Green’s negative characteristics also include possessiveness, envy, greed. People who favor green can also be impatient and are often associated with boredom. They lack passion in romantic partnerships. Others can be frustrated by their lack of social interaction and interest, their tendency to overreact, and their high independence.

Color green in business

In a business context, green symbolizes money, transparency, prosperity. Picking out green color to represent a business would help with its growth and profitability. Besides, green color is one of the colors that is trusted and has a capacity to make people feel more secure. Larger quantities of green could also demonstrate that a company is concerned about environmental issues. Most businesses that rely on green as part of their commerce strategies are in the healthcare and food industry. They use green in order to promote a healthier lifestyle. Green is used by other industries as well, all of which are focused on promoting new and fresh products.

Color green in branding and marketing

Color green is one of the cool colors, which are considered restful. According to color  psychology, cool colors make people calmer and less anxious. Therefore, top name brands, that are known for incorporating color green into their color schemes, are usually associated with relaxation, reliability, high-quality products. Their green color is intended to promote calmness and comfort. They communicate the idea of peacefulness through different shades of green. Whether it is a lighter or darker hue, their green identities are a big reason why their customers keep coming back. Green brand has a cozy, welcoming feel to it.  

Information about green / #00FF00

In a RGB color space (made from three colored lights for red, green, and blue), hex #00FF00 is made of 0% red, 100% green and 0% blue. In a CMYK color space (also known as process color, or four color, and used in color printing), hex #00FF00 is made of 100% cyan, 0% magenta, 100% yellow and 0% black. Green has a hue angle of 120 degrees, a saturation of 100% and a lightness of 50%.

Color conversion

The hexadecimal color #00FF00 has RGB values of R: 0, G: 100, B: 0 and CMYK values of C: 1, M: 0, Y: 1, K:0.

[wellnessforeveryone]

In the realm of natural treasures, the sea buckthorn berry shines brightly. Bursting with health benefits and vibrant hues, this European and Asian native is a must-know for all health aficionados. Dive into the sea buckthorn saga with us, and discover how to harness its magic for your well-being!

[chemsexholmes]

women admire me for my prowess at vanquishing european buckthorn

[thehappybroadcast]

A series of scientific studies have found that warmer winters have also affected the food sources which bears depend on. As part of a project backed by the European Union and the Spanish government, 150,000 native trees and shrubs will be planted, producing fruit such as chestnuts, cherries, apples and alder buckthorn across 155 hectares in Cantabria, Castilla y Leon and Asturias. There are estimated to be about 330 brown bears living in northern Spain and the species is classified as endangered. The project also aims to educate the human population about how they should adapt to having more bears in woods and mountains during the winter. Source: MSN https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/spain-to-plant-thousands-of-trees-to-help-feed-bears-as-climate-change-forces-them-from-hibernation-early/ar-BB1ewBbk

[dark-and-twisty-01]

Bender Family - serial killers who eluded capture (1872-73)

Nothing is known of the Bender family's origins, except that all four members spoke with varying degrees of German accent. Whether or not they were actually European immigrants is now impossible to learn, an aspect of the killer blood that shall, like so much else about their lives, remain forever wrapped in mystery.

The Benders enter recorded history in 1872, as new arrivals in the small community of Cherryvale, Kansas. William Bender was the patriarch, a bearded hulk whose age was estimated in the neighbourhood of 60 years. No given name has been recorded for his wife, "Ma" Bender, some 10 years her husband's junior. Their elder child was John, a brawny simpleton given to odd fits of giggling. The baby and star of the family was daughter, Kate, an attractive blonde in her early 20s who quickly emerged as the family's spokesperson and, some said, the brains behind their infamous career in homicide.

Soon after their arrival in Montgomery County, the Benders built a one room cabin on the road between Cherryvale and Thayer. A sheet of canvas cut the room in half, with private living quarters on one side and a public room on the other. Travelers could buy a home cooked meal or rent a cot from the Benders, but some paid for the rest stop with their lives.

In practice, transient groups and hard luck drifters had nothing to fear from the Bender clan; a solitary traveller with cash or valuables in hand was something else again. The chosen mark was seated at a table, with the canvas curtain at his back. Kate Bender served his meal, distracting him with conversation or a bit of cleavage while her brother or the old man crept up on the victim's blind side and dispatched him with a crushing hammer blow. That done, the corpse was lowered through a trapdoor to the cellar, stripped and looted, finally buried on the grounds outside. Ma Bender did her part by planting flowers to conceal the graves.

When travellers were scarce, Kate Bender did her part to keep the family business going. On her own, she toured south-eastern Kansas, billing herself as "Professor Miss Kate Bender," a psychic medium with contacts in the spirit world. Her public seances earned money for the family, and young male members of the audience were sometimes more impressed with Kate's appearance than her ESP. A number of those would be suitors made the trip to Cherryvale and wound up in Ma Bender's flower bed.

The family's last known victim was Dr. William York, from Fort Scott, Kansas. Passing through Cherryvale in March 1873, York asked about overnight lodging and was pointed toward the Bender spread. He never made it home, and it was May before his brother, Col. A. M. York, arrived in search of explanations. Questioning the Benders, York received denials. He declined their hospitality and cautioned them he would soon return if he could not pick up his brother's trail.

Next morning, on May 5,1873, a passing neighbour saw the front door of the Bender cabin standing open, the family team and wagon was missing. Stepping inside, he found the place deserted. Fresh dirt in the cellar marked the grave of Dr. York, and 10 more bodies were unearthed around the cabin, all with shattered skulls. By then, the Benders had a two day lead. Colonel York led a posse in pursuit, but they returned at length with word that no trace of their quarry could be fined.

And there the matter rested for awhile. In 1884 an old man matching William Bender's description was arrested in Montana for a homicide committed near Salmon, Idaho. The victim's skull had been crushed with a sledgehammer in that case, and a message was wired to Cherryvale, seeking positive identification of the suspect. That night, the prisoner severed his own foot to escape from leg irons, and he was dead from loss of blood when his breakfast arrived in the morning. By the time a deputy arrived from Kansas, advanced decomposition had destroyed any hope of identifying the corpse (Even so, the "Bender skull" was publicly displayed in Salmon's Buckthorn Saloon until 1920, when Prohibition closed the tavern and the relic disappeared.)

Five years after the bizarre events in Idaho, Cherryvale resident Leroy Dick paid a visit to Michigan, where he identified Mrs. Almira Griffith and her daughter, Mrs. Sarah Davies, as Ma and Kate Bender. The suspects were extradited to Kansas, where seven members of a 13 man panel agreed with Dick's identification. Then, on the eve of the trial, a Michigan marriage license was produced for one of the women, dated in 1872, and all charges were dropped.

In 1909 George Downer, dying in Chicago, told his attorney that he had ridden with Colonel York's posse in 1873. Far from coming up empty, he said they had captured the "Hell Benders" and meted out brutal vigilante justice, saving Kate for last and burning her alive. The bodies were co-signed to an abandoned well, and posse members swore among themselves that they would take the secret to their graves. In 1910, before Downer's statement was widely aired, a similar deathbed confession emerged from New Mexico. The source, a man named Harker, admitted taking several thousand dollars from the Bender corpses before they went into the well. A search for the burial site proved fruitless, the well if it ever existed long since vanished in a sea of cultivates corn, but the lynching tale resurfaced in 1940, published by the son of an alleged posse member named Stark.

Did vigilante justice overtake the Benders on a lonely stretch of Kansas prairie in 1873? Or did the lethal clan escape, perhaps to build another roadside lair and kill again? How many victims did they claim before they moved to Cherryvale? More than 130 years beyond their crimes, the only answer to those nagging questions is the silence of the grave.

[musclevitalogy-blog]

Buckthorn Bark (Rhamnus frangula) Common Names: Alder buckthorn, arrowwood, alder dogwood, black alder tree, black dogwood, European black alder, European buckthorn, Persian berries. #properties and #uses: _________________________ Purgative. It works without irritating the system and can be used for all conditions causing or in any way associated with constipation. This includes liver and gallbladder problems. This herb produces no constipated adverse reaction after purgation, nor does it's effectiveness diminish with repeated use. Used as a tea, Buckthorn is also good for dropsy, obesity, lead colic and hemorrhoids. _________________________ #romthevitalist #mastertrainer #herbalist #herbology #herbalism #health #tea #buckthorn #buckthornbark #rhamnusfrangula #alderdogwood #arrowwood #blackalder #tree #european #persianberries

[blackswallowtailbutterfly]

Smoothie Ideas

Know what it’s time for? A smoothie idea no one asked for. If I had access to all of these and a good amount of space to work with as well as room in a freezer, and a good blender/food processor, this is what I would do. All plant parts in equal amounts. Plus plain yogurt and silky tofu for texture. And maple syrup, honey, and cane sugar for added sweetness.

Purple smoothie

honey: fall

acai

asters

beautyberry

black mulberry

black nightshade berries: Eastern glossy wonderberry

blackberries and raspberries: black raspberry blackberry blue raspberry boysenberry loganberry marionberry swamp dewberry youngberry

blue tomatillo

blueberries: bilberry bog bilberry common deerberry highbush hillside lowbush

chokeberry

common buckthorn

common elderberry

crowberry

blackcurrant: European northern

grape hyacinth flower

grapes: black concord riverbank wine witchfinger

harebell flowers

haskap

jaboticaba

jamun

lavender flower

lilac flowers

nannyberry

plums: black damson sloe

porcelain berry

purple cauliflower

red cabbage

rose petal

Russian sage

serviceberries: Bartram juneberry Canadian downy inland low shadbush pigeonberry roundleaf saskatoon smooth

star apple

taro

violets: early blue Labrador marsh northern bog wood

[livingcorner]

Safe Aviary Plants and Toxic Plants for Birds@|what plants can i put in an outdoor aviary@|@|24

Plants not only add aesthetic value to an otherwise sterile-looking enclosure, but they also provide a more natural, engaging, and secure environment for the inhabitants to enjoy. Using plants to create visual barriers within the flight may help reduce aggression among cagemates by providing objects for the birds to hide behind.5 This in turn helps to make the birds feel more secure, and may therefore result in reduced stress levels. Foliage in the cage gives the birds something to occupy themselves with–birds often chew on, play within, and even build nests out of plants placed in their living space.

For this reason, care must be taken when selecting plants to decorate a flight. Both live and fake plants may be used, but all parts of the plant must be safe and nontoxic. The best fake plants to use are constructed of untreated silk and plastic. Make sure the silk plants do not have any components that may be easy for a bird to consume, tangle itself in, get caught on, or stuck by. Treated wood baskets and paper plants may be hazardous choices and are not recommended for decorating flights. Two benefits of using silk plants are: 1) they are not as easily destroyed by the birds, and 2) they can be scrubbed clean and disinfected as needed.

[external_link_head]

Live plants tend to demand more upkeep and may need to be replaced more frequently, as finches often love to pick them apart. Try to obtain plants that have not been sprayed with any pesticides or chemicals, and be sure to rinse the plants off before placing them in and around the flight. Do not add any fertilizers to the soil (they are toxic);6 if fertilizers are already present in the soil, repot the plant with uncontaminated soil. Leaving each plant in its pot is suggested, in case a plant dies and needs to be removed.

Helpful Hints41

Placement Plantings should be spaced appropriately to allow room for flight paths and to permit the birds to access to the floor of the enclosure. Walk-in enclosures should also have planned pathways for birdkeeper access. Be careful to provide climbing vines with trellis to support the weight of their growth; otherwise they could break the aviary mesh and allow escape of the birds.

Selection Aside from ensuring that the plant(s) you have selected are non-toxic, try to avoid purchasing plants which are tall and rapidly-growing as these will require constant pruning. In addition to considering what plants are best suited for your area, don’t forget to also consider the needs of the birds. Avadavats and Munias enjoy climbing small bamboos and grasses, for example, Munias and Mannikins prefer to weave their nests into grass clumps, and Weavers need palm leaves and broad-leafed grasses for nesting material.

Timing of Live Plantings Plants should be added to the enclosure as it is being completed. The plants should be allowed to grow sufficiently before adding the birds; this way, the plants will be better able to withstand being nibbled on. Ideally plants should produce their densest foliage while the birds are nesting.

Safe Aviary Plants25,17

When choosing plants for your aviary, consult a botanist or experienced gardener who can help you select plants which are suitable for planting in your locale (considering your hardiness zone, soil type, sun exposure, etc.). Below are some options which have been listed as safe for birds.

Note: Please be aware that roses and bougainvillea have thorns.

Outdoor Plants

Trees & Shrubs Acacia Almond Arbutus Ash

Aspen Autumn olive Bayberry Birch Bladdernut Blueberry Camellia Cottonwood Dogwood Elm Fir (balsam, douglas, subalpine, white) Forsythia Fuchsia Guava Hawthorn Larch Madrona Magnolia Mango (zone 9+) Manzanita Mountain ash Nectarine Papaya (zone 10+) Pear (as long as the seeds aren’t eaten) Pine (ponderosa, spruce, Virginia, white) Pittosporum (zone 9+) Poplar Pyracantha Raspberry Rose Rubus odoratus Spruce (black, Norway, red, white) Viburnum White poplar

Vines Bougainvillea (can also be grown as shrub or small tree) Grape vine Russian Vine (Polygonum baldschuanicum)

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Grasses & Herbs Bamboo Oregano Rosemary Thyme

Ground Cover and Short Plants Baby’s tears aka Polka Dot Plant (Helxine soleirolii) Chickweed Creeping jenny (Lysimachia)

Wild passerines built a nest in a hanging petunia.

Dandelion Marigold Mother of pearl Nasturtium (zone 9+) Petunia Piggyback begonia (Begonia hispida variant Cucullifera) Piggyback plant Plectranthus (zone 9+) Sedum Thistle White clover

Indoor Plants (Safe Houseplants) and Tropical Plants

African violet (Saintpaulia spp., Episcia reptans) Aluminum plant (Pilea cadierei)

Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus) Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) Bloodleaf Bromeliads Burro’s tail Cactus (except pencil, peyote, mescaline, candelabra) Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera bridgesii) Cissus: Danish ivy aka Grape Ivy (Cissus rhombifolia), Kangaroo vine (Cissus antarctica)

Emerald ripple peperomia

Flame nettle (Coleus sp.) Gold-fish plant Hens & chickens

Lipstick plant

Madagascar jasmine Monkey plant Nerve plant Palms:

Potted palms provide privacy around the nest.

Areca (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens)

Bamboo (Chamaedorea erumpens)

Butterfly Cane

Canary Island (Phoenix canariensis)

Date

European Fan (Chamaerops humilis)

Fishtail

Golden Feather

Paradise/Kentia (Howea foresterana)

Parlor (Chamaedorea elegans)

Lady (Raphis excelsa)

Madagascar

Miniature Fan

Phoenix

Pygmy Date

Robelein Lady

Sentry

Wine

Peacock plant (Calathea) Pepperomia (Pepperomia sp.) Prayer plant (Maranta leuconeura) Purple Passion aka Velvet Plant (Gynura aurantiaca) Spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum) Swedish ivy (Plectranthus verticillatus)

Wandering jew (Tradescantia sp.) including Giant white inch plant Wax plant (Hoya carnosa) Zebra plant (Aphelandra squarrosa)

Plants which Allow for Perching Dwarf or Hawaiian Schefflera (Schefflera arboricola) Umbrella tree/Schefflera (Brassaia actinophylla) False aralia

Toxic Plants

Plant toxicosis in birds occurs if they chew on or ingest toxic plants. The toxic reaction can be due to pesticide residues on the plants, or to toxins within the plants themselves. Birds which chew on toxic plants may develop oral irritation; if they ingest enough, systemic clinical signs can occur such as vomiting or diarrhea. There is likely significant species differences in sensitivity,16 and studies are lacking. However, plants which have been reported as toxic in some birds, or which are considered to be potentially toxic include:6,25,52,29,56,16,17,28

Common Name Scientific Name Poisonous Part Symptoms Aconite Aconitum sp. all parts Agapanthus Agapanthus sp. sap Amaryllis Amaryllidaceae bulbs American yew Taxus canadensis needles, seeds Apple seeds Apricot pits Arrowhead vine Syngonium podophyllum leaves Arum Lily Arum sp. all parts Autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale all parts Avocado Persea americana pits, skin, flesh Reduced activity, inability to perch, fluffing feathers, labored breathing, rapid death, generalized tissue congestion. Azalea Rhododendron occidentale leaves Balsam pear Memordica charantia seeds, fruit rind Baneberry Actaia sp. berries, roots Bay tree Laurus nobilis Beans all types if uncooked Belladonna Atropa belladonna all parts Bird of paradise Caesalpina gilliesii seeds Bishop’s weed Ammi majus Bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara immature fruit Black locust Robina pseudoacacia bark, sprouts, foliage Blue-green algae Schizophycaea sp. some forms toxic Hepatotoxic, lethal respiratory arrest. Boxwood Buxus sempervirens leaves, stems Buckthorn Rhamnus sp. fruit, bark Burdock Arctium minus Buttercup Ranunculus sp. sap, bulbs Caladium Caladium sp. leaves Calla lily Zantedeschia aethiopica leaves Severe irritation of mucous membranes, edema & irritation may take weeks to subside; severe dyspnea; severe keratoconjunctivitis if plant juices contact eyes. Vomiting, diarrhea. Camel bush Trichodesma incanum Candelabra cactus Euphorbia lactea sap Castor bean or Castor oil plant Ricinus communis beans, leaves Vomiting, diarrhea (possibly bloody), necrosis of organs (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, stomach, intestine) in mammals. Chalice vine Solandra sp. all parts Cherry bark, twigs, leaves, pits Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus clippings release cyanide fumes Chinese evergreen Aglaonema modestum all parts Christmas candle Pedilanthus tithymaloides sap Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum sp. leaves, stems, flowers Clematis Clematis sp. all parts Coffee bean Sesbania sp seeds Gastroenteritis, can be fatal. Hyperthermia, hypertension, hyperactivity, seizures, tachycardia. Coral plant Jatropha multifida seeds Cowslip Caltha polustris all parts Croton Codiaeum sp. sap Crown of thorns Euphorbia milii sap Daffodil Narcissus sp. bulbs Daphne Daphne sp. berries Datura Datura sp. berries Deadly amanita Amanita muscaria all parts Death camas Zygadenis elegans all parts Delphinium Delphinium sp. all parts Diffenbachia or Dumb cane Dieffenbachia picta, sp. leaves Severe irritation of mucous membranes, edema & irritation may take weeks to subside; severe dyspnea; severe keratoconjunctivitis if plant juices contact eyes. Vomiting, diarrhea. Eggplant Solanaceae sp. all parts except fruit Elephant’s ear Colocasis sp. or Alocasia sp. leaves, stems Severe irritation of mucous membranes, edema & irritation may take weeks to subside; severe dyspnea; severe keratoconjunctivitis if plant juices contact eyes. Vomiting, diarrhea. English ivy Ilex aquafolium berries, leaves English yew Taxus baccata needles, seeds Ergot Claviceps purpurea present in poorly stored seed, silage, dog food Gangrene, hyperexcitability, seizures. Euonymus Euonymus sp. all parts False henbane Veratrum woodii all parts Flamingo flower Anthurium sp. leaves, stems Foxglove Digitalis purpurea leaves, seeds Digitalis glycoside – vomiting, bradycardia, arrhythmias, heart block Golden chain Laburnum anagyroides all parts Hemlock (poisoin and water) Conium sp. all parts Henbane Hyocyanamus niger seeds Holly Ilex sp. berries Horse chestnut Aesculus sp. nuts, twigs House plant ferns Pteris sp. Hyacinth Hyancinthinus orientalis bulbs Hydrangea Hydrangea sp. flower bud Iris Iris sp. bulbs Ivy Hedera sp. leaves, berries Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum all parts Japanese yew Taxus cuspidata needles, seeds Java bean (lima bean) Phaseolus lunatus uncooked beans Jerusalem cherry Solanum pseudocapsicum berries Arrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block, severe gastroenteritis, calcification of vascular system, lungs, kidneys. May be teratogenic. Jimsonweed Datura sp. leaves, seeds Tachycardia, convulsions, death. Juniper Juniperus virginiana needles, stems, berries Lantana Lantana sp. immature berries Larkspur Delphinium sp. all parts Laurel Kalmia, Ledum, Rhodendron sp. all parts Lily Lilium sp. bulbs Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis all parts, including water housing the plant Vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block. Lobelia Lobelia sp. all parts Locoweed Astragalus mollissimus or Astragalus emoryanus all parts Hyperexcitability and locomotor difficulty. Lords and ladies Arum sp. all parts Lupin Lupinus sp. Marijuana Cannabis sativa leaves Maternity plant Klanchoe sp. Mayapple Podophyllum sp. all parts except fruit Mescal bean Sophora sp. seeds Milkweed Asclepias sp. Weakness, ataxia, seizures, cardiovascular signs. Mistletoe Santalales sp. berries Mock orange Poncirus sp. fruit Monkshood Aconitum sp. all parts Morning glory Ipomoea sp. all parts Narcissus Narcissus sp. bulbs Nightshades Solanum sp. berries, leaves Arrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block, severe gastroenteritis, calcification of vascular system, lungs, kidneys. May be teratogenic. Oak Quercus sp. Anorexia, diarrhea, small intestinal ulceration and hemorrhage, renal failure & polydypsia, hepatotoxic, can be fatal. Oleander, bay laurel Nerium oleander all parts Digitalis glycoside – vomiting, bradycardia, arrhythmias, heart block Parlor ivy Senecio sp. all parts Parsley Petroselinum sativum Peace lily Spathiphyllum sp. Regurgitation, oral pain, dysphagia and anorexia Peach pits Pencil tree Euphorbia tirucalli sap Philodendron Philodendron sp. leaves, stems Severe irritation of mucous membranes, edema & irritation may take weeks to subside; severe dyspnea; severe keratoconjunctivitis if plant juices contact eyes. Vomiting, diarrhea. Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima leaves, flowers, stem, oily white sap Irritation, vesication, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis. Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans sap Poison oak Toxicodendron quercifolium sap Poison sumac Toxicodendron vernix sap Pokeweed Phytolacca americans leaves, roots, berries Ulcerative gastroenteritis; acute hemolytic crisis in people. Potato Solanum tuberosum skin, eyes, new shoots Arrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block, severe gastroenteritis, calcification of vascular system, lungs, kidneys. May be teratogenic. Pothos Epipremnum aureum all parts Regurgitation, oral pain, dysphagia and anorexia. Precatory bean Arbus precatoius Privet Ligustrum volgare all parts Ranunculus Ranunculus sp. sap Rhododendron Rhododendron sp. all parts Rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum leaves Rosary pea, prayer beans, Seminole beads Abrus precatorius seeds Vomiting, diarrhea (possibly bloody), necrosis of organs (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, stomach, intestine) in mammals. Sago Palm, Zamia Palm, Cycad Palm Cycad sp. Liver failure. Skunk cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus all parts Snowdrop Orinthogalum unbellatum all parts Snow on the mountain (ghostweed) Euphorbia marginata all parts Spindle tree Euonymus japonica all parts Split leaf philodendron or Swiss cheese plant Monstera sp. all parts Sweet pea Lathyrus latifolius seeds and fruit Tobacco Nicotinia sp. leaves Vomiting, diarrhea, hyperexcitability, muscle fasciculations, seizures, rapid death. Pododermatitis if bird handled by a smoker. Coughing, sneezing, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, secondary respiratory infections if exposed to cigarette smoke. Umbrella plant Cyperus alternifolius leaves Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolio sap Western yew Taxus breviflora needles, seeds Wisteria Wisteria sp. all parts Xanthosoma Xanthosoma sp. leaves Yam bean Pachyrhizus erosis roots, immature pods Yellow jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens flowers Yew Taxus media wood, bark, leaves, seeds Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, shock, coma, seizure, deaths from cardiac or respiratory failure.

Avian Plant Toxicology Research

Studies of plant toxicity in finch species are greatly lacking, however a few studies were done using canaries. Unfortunately, because great variation exists among species, it is not safe to assume that plants which are non-toxic to canaries are equally safe to other birds and vice versa.

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AUTHOR(S): Arai, M.; Stauber, E.; Shropshire, C. M. TITLE: Evaluation of selected plants for their toxic effects on canaries. YEAR: 1992 CITATION: J Am Vet Med Assoc, 200(9), +61404532026

ABSTRACT: Leaves or fruit from 14 plants considered to be toxic to pet birds were administered by gavage to 15 pairs of canaries (Serinus canaria). Each bird was given 0.12 to 0.70 g of plant material. One pair served as a control and was given distilled water. The plant materials were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, pulverized, and resuspended in deionized water for administration. Of the plants tested, 5 (

oleander, lupine, foxglove, yew leaves, and dieffenbachia) were considered highly toxic and were associated with acute death of birds. The remaining plant samples (clematis, Hoya carnosa, privet Ligustrum vulgare, parsley Petrosilium sativum, cherry Prunus sp., Pyracantha coccinia, rhododendron, black locust Robinia pseudoacacia, and wisteria) caused no, or only transient, clinical illness.

AUTHOR(S): Hargis, A. M.; Stauber, E.; Casteel, S.; Eitner, D. TITLE: Avocado (Persea americana) intoxication in caged birds. YEAR: 1989 CITATION: J Am Vet Med Assoc, 194(1), 64-66

ABSTRACT: Following two incidents in which a pet canary and three pet cockatiels died under conditions suggesting ingestion of avocado as cause of death, an experimental study was undertaken. Avocados of two cultivars were mashed and administered via feeding cannula to 8 canaries and 8 budgerigars. Two control budgerigars were given water via feeding cannula. Six budgerigars and 1 canary died within 24 to 47 hours after the first administration of avocado.

Deaths were associated with administration of both avocado cultivars. Higher dose was associated with greater mortality. The 2 budgerigars given water were normal throughout the observation period. It is concluded that avocados are highly toxic to budgerigars and less toxic to canaries. PM findings observed in some birds included subcutaneous oedema in the pectoral area and hydropericardium.

The following study was done using just budgies:

AUTHOR(S): Shropshire, C. M.; Stauber, E.; Arai, A. TITLE: Evaluation of selected plants for acute toxicosis in budgerigars. YEAR: 1992 CITATION: J Am Vet Med Assoc, 200(7), 936-939

ABSTRACT: Pairs of budgerigars were given samples, by gavage, of plants considered potentially toxic to pet birds. Samples were prepared by flash-freezing and powdering fresh plant material in liquid nitrogen and resuspending the material in deionized water for administration. Of the 19 plants tested, only 6 induced clinical signs of illness; these plants included

yew, oleander, clematis, avocado, black locust, and Virginia creeper (Taxus media, Nerium oleander, Clematis sp, Persea americana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Parthenocissus quinquefolio).

The other plants tested in this study were: bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis), privet (Ligustrum sp.), honeysuckle (Lonicera sp.), lupine (Lupinus sp.), cherry (Prunus sp.), pyracantha (Pyracantha coccinea), boxwood (Buxus sp.), dumbcane (Dieffenbachia seguine), foxglove (Digitalis sp.), spindle bush (Euonymus alatus), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherima), rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.), and blue elderberry (Sambucus cerulea).

Note how some plants which appear well tolerated by budgies (lupine, dieffenbachia, foxglove) prove fatal to canaries, while some plants which canaries appear to tolerate (clematis, black locust) make budgies quite ill. Until more research is done, it is important to err on the side of caution and avoid any plant which may potentially be toxic. [external_footer]

source https://livingcorner.com.au/safe-aviary-plants-and-toxic-plants-for-birdswhat-plants-can-i-put-in-an-outdoor-aviary24/