#EtRe series

[alienpossession]

Ethnographic Research: Part 2 (Songkran)

It's the biggest holiday of the year for Thai people. Songkran, or Thai's New Year, usually make Thailand filled to the brim with tourist from all over the globe that wanted to experience the festivities. It's crowded, it's loud and it's wet, the whole country especially Bangkok seemingly have no concept of sleeping during the duration of Songkran.

The parade last the whole day, and the party last even longer, creating this illusion of endless party as all of the people seemingly rejoiced the New Year.

So, it's only normal for the Mother Ship to capture that brimming energy from its scanner and deciced that two of the researcher should land in that spot since human seemingly packed the place, especially the very lively Bangkok

The 2 Xarthans should've landed close to each other for easier coordination after the takeover, but due to the technical issues to the pod, it diverted one of them from the planned landing spot.

So while this one comfortably slipped itself into the body of this fit hunk named Gun while he just finished dipping in the swimming pool and getting ready for a full day of partying, the other one have to struggle through the crowded city as it tries to make its way to the designated meeting spot

The less luckier Xarthan decided that the only way he can go undetected with this insane crowd of people is to blend in. It found itself landed near this giant plastic drum filled with water in the backyard of a random house so it dipped itself into it and started to break itself down into microparticles. The splash from the 8 feet tall alien entering the water drum must have alerted the human inside the house as he quickly checked on the drum to find nothing out of the extraordinary. Then, more men swarmed the water drum and revealed the gun-like items they bring with themselves. Not long after, the Xarthan found itself split into 5 water guns belonged to 5 different men, and if the visuals they watched in the Mother Ship turned out to be true, this is actually a perfect way for it to get into more human

---

While the Xarthan that landed on its designated spot already blended in and partied his ass out with everyone in the middle of the city, the adventure just started for the separated Xarthan, now also split into 5 different water gun. Aside from the glimpse it spotted earlier when those men peered into the water drum, it basically have no idea how the men looked like. But it didn't take long for it to finally started its spread as it found itself suddenly having multiple vision. The water shooting has started, and everytime a spritz of the infected water landed in these bodies, that body turned into a vessel right after the water particles slipped into the body either through the navel, the slit of their cock or asshole or even right through the orifices in the human face.

The takeover were quick and almost seamless, the human rarely felt anything as they considered it to be as simple as water trickling into their body. But when that sharp jab of takeover sealed their fate, they usually flinched but that meant it was too late for them to stop the process. The main Xarthan constantly emitted this transmission to keep all the new vessels in check, and they quickly converge in-between themselves so they are not scattered across the crowd. They would abandon whatever original plan of their vessel or the companion that they went together with, or even more sinisterly, grabbed their companion so their companion could also be shot by the infected water gun. What makes the festivity turned out to be a potent way to find good vessel other than the raucous water spray is the fact that for a lot of the time, people shoot water to others that they find attractive or likable, so no wonder that in just below 30 mins, the separated Xarthan found itself ended up controlling multiple different attractive bodies, and not just limited to local people as some of it ended up in tourists bodies too as Bangkok usually flooded with thousands of tourist during peak season like this.

When the sun eventually sets, the newly-minted vessels arrived altogether in front of the main party gate for the festivities. It can sense that the fellow Xarthan is already inside the party ground, so all of the different bodies started to swarm the gate to get themselves inside. Some of the vessels already have the tickets to enter the party ground, but some other unlucky ones decided to take matter into their own hands, either jumping into another host or even takeover security details or the staffers of the festival.

With more than 30+ bodies under control, it should've been an easy search. But the crowd, nearing 40,000 and counting, made it quite a challenging work as the vessels tend to get distracted by random groping and playful kisses landed to them. Eventually, the security details managed to find Gun as their bigger bodies plus the uniform managed to convince the partygoers to give them way. Upon eye contact, Gun playfully winked at the three securities that eyed him, knowing full well its his brothers split particles inside the securities body. Gun then used his mind to telepathically subdued one of the security to join him for some playful fun while the rest of the vessels gathered. It's easy to do so since the split particles definitely weaker in comparison to them staying intact as a singular entity. The subdued security then give Gun a lift, practically letting Gun piggybacked over his broad shoulders. Then, the excited Gun emitted the signal so all the vessels from his brothers can gather around and they can have the best of fun all night long. He's about to be surprised on how many bodies his brother acquired, but for now, he just want to have fun and ride on the energy his vessel exudes

[darkpiwy]

La suite de mon projet qui ne vas pas ce faire d’en l’ordre des cartes :)

Voici L’hermite avec Dark Meta Knight

🗡️⚔️🤺

[rg-tupperbox-bullshit]

ETR 10+ JUMPSCARE

[superiorkenshi]

Oh et aussi juste moi avec le make up car je suis trop beau

•ANTONIO SALIERI•

[mel-et-ses-histoires]

Alors Fallout est une série de 8 episodes diffusée sur Prime video et elle est une adaptation de la série de jeux vidéo du même nom.

Le 1er fallout est sortie en 1997 (et j'y ai joué, c'était trop bien, je suis vieille, au secours) et etait un jeux de role en monde ouvert dans un univers post apo.

La serie et les jeux partagent le même univers : une réalité alternative à la notre qui serait bloqué dans son imagerie et dans sa politique dans les années 50. La guerre froide ne s'est jamais terminée et le nucléaire est l'energie du quotidien.

En 2077 la guerre éclate entre les USA et la Chine avant qu'un tapis de bombes mette tout le monde d'accord.

Ceux a la surface vont se débrouiller pendant quelques centaines d'annees avec l'effondrement de la société et la radioactivité qui rend les bebettes très grosses et agressives.

Une partie de l'humanité a également survecue dans des bunkers souterrains qui sont prevus pour s'ouvrir dans quelques générations pour repeupler la terre.

La serie suis (surtout) Lucy, une habitante d'abri qui va devoir quitter son bunker pour explorer le monde et retrouver son pere qui a été capturé par des brigands.

La serie suivra également Maximus, un apprenti soldat d'une faction ultra militarisée "la confrerie de l'acier", ainsi que Cooper, un petit bonhomme de 200 ans, survivant de l'avant guerre tellement irradié par les bombes qu'il est a moitié immortel et plus qu'a moitié défiguré.

Le fait que le perso que l'on commence a suivre soit une habitante d'abri a un gros aventage d'un point de vue narratif : elle ne connaît pas le monde qu'elle explore et le decouvre avec nous, pas de dissonance entre le personnage et le spectateur.

La serie offre un bon développement des personages, chacun a droit a une véritable évolution, le parcours de chacun va le faire évoluer (cas particulier de Cooper qui ne va pas en soi évoluer, c'est nous qui allons comprendre comment il en est arrivé là).

La serie est bien filmé, la colorimétrie est sympa, j'ai bien apprécié que la serie ne fasse pas semblant d'avoir le budget qu'elle n'a pas. Alors il y a beaucoup beaucoup de budget hein, mais la serie n'abuse pas des effets spéciaux, et quand il y en a ils sont bons.

C'est gore (donc c'est bien) mais c'est sage.

Je m'explique, plus la serie de jeux fallout avance plus elle devient frilleuse (merci les réseaux sociaux qui font qu'on peut se prendre une manif d'évangélistes si tout le monde n'est pas ultra gentil). La philosophie du 1 était qu'on était tres libre dans ce mondz où la société n'existe plus. On peut etre canibale, esclavagiste, sacrifier des gens ou etre un super samaritain, mais dans tous les cas il faudra assumer les conséquences.

Dans la serie alors que le monde s'est effondré tout le monde semble globalement pas bien méchant, pas bien malveillant. On est loin d'un Mad max. La violence cherche a compenser mais une moralité un peu plus grise aurait été pas mal.

Sinon il y a un peu d'humour, qui marche tres bien, des références aux jeux de partout mais rien de soulants et surtout ce qui est tres sympa c'est qu'on sent que l'univers est très large. Il y a les communautés qui survivent, les brigands, différentes factions qui cherchent a recréer chacun un modele de société (la nouvelle république de Californie, la confrerie de l'acier, l'enclave, l'entreprise Vault tech a l'origine des abris qui n'a pas disparu, etc) et aucune n'est vraiment un "bon choix", chacune a sa vision du monde.

Bref c'est une bonne adaptation mais surtout c'est une bonne serie. Pas de romance à la con, pas de sexualisation des personages, un robot aspirateur central a l'intrigue (si si) etc.

Je recommande / 20.

[rockypaladdin]

LE COMPTE DE MONTE CRISTO VA ETRE ADAPTE EN MINI SERIE AVEC EN PERSONNAGE PRINCIPAL LACTEUR DE FINNICK AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

[denzartriste]

Hello hello! My name is Denz, I go by all pronouns including neos – only pronouns I don’t go by is they/them (won't be mad if you call me those, i just prefer variety - dont stress about it <3), my usual neos are in my bio but i like all of them. Gimmie the unusual ones the funky ones i love em all //// Allo allo! Mon nom est Denz, j'utiluze tout les pronoms et des neo - les seul pronoms que j'utiluze pas est iel/iels (je dit sa pour variété dans les pronoms que les gens m'appelle, stresser pas trop c'est correct <3), mes neo habituite son dans mon bio mais je les aime toute. [note: Ca cest mes pronom anglais, en francias j'utiluze encor n'importe quel neo, mais mes pronom en francais sont il/elle/y] Donne moi eu qui sont funky j'l'adore toute

My ao3 is here, something i'm working on right now is a really awesome super cool pirate au im not biased at all i swear. Quick summary is it's an au where Techno's a pirate cursed by a jerk of a sea god because it thinks he isnt a good person, but it's fine he's got this. (Another one that i mention a lot is my Alien au, which isnt posted its still in the works but when its out it will be my magnum opus) //// Mon ao3 est ici, j'ai un AU de pirate c'est vraiment cool je suis pas partial je promets que j'suis encore en près de travailler sur. Un petit résumé vite est que c'est une histoire où Techno est un pirate maudit par un connard de dieu de la mer parce qui pense qu'il est une mauvaise personne, mais c'est correct ca vas toute etre correct (Un autre que j'parle de beacoup est mon Extraterrestre AU, c'est pas posté mais je travaille fort desur ca, ca vas etre mon magnum opus)

I draw/write for Dsmp, Traffic series, Qsmp, and planning on doing a couple hermitcraft drawings //// J'ecrie/dessine pour Dsmp, la series traffic, Qsmp, et je vas faire des chose pour Hermitcraft dans le future

Tags /// Mes mots clés!! v

#my art- all my art // toute mes dessin

#fancy art- Coloured art // Mes dessin avec d'la couleur

#sketch art- visible sketch/sketch used as lineart // Dessin avec un sketch visible/un sketch que j'utilize pour le lineart

#Fridge worthy art – art I really like and am proud of, probably a good tag to look through if you wanna see what I've made :D // Mes dessin que je suis fier de, probablement une bonne place de voire ce que je fait :D

#drawning talks- talking about my art/mainly complaining about the process because drawing is hard // Parler de mes dessins/se plaindre principalement du processus parce que dessiner est difficile

#writing- my writing, including snippets I’ve posted // mon écriture et des fragment de mes wips(wips=les histoire que je travaille sur)

#writing talks- talking about my writing/ talking about my wips // Parler de mon écriture/parler de mes wips

#space rambles - talking about space. I really like space. I have been talking a lot about peekaboo galaxy. // Parler de l'espace. J'adore l'espace. J'aime parler de mon bébé, le galaxie peekaboo.

I also speak french (canadian french), my tag for that is #francais And my english translations for those posts is #my translations But i havent translated all my little french posts, so if theres something you want translated send me an ask i like translating my rambles //// J'parle francais (canadien), mon mot clés pour ca est #francais et mes translation anglais est #my translations Mais j'ai pas traduit toute mes mot francais en anglais, si qu'il a quelque choose que tu veus que je traduit juste dit moi et j'vas le faire! [anglais ou francais]

[ictlsg23]

SESSION 6. ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS AND CONTRACTING

READ: ICTL TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 3 (COR2226* & LAW405)

OPTIONAL REFERENCE: L&T BOOK CHAPTER 9 (COR2226* & LAW405)

Electronic Contracting: In Singapore, contract law is largely based on the English common law and has developed on that basis, as judge-made law. Contract law is supplemented by some statutes and provisions in a series of legislations. The Electronic Transactions Act (Cap 88, 2011 Rev Ed) (ETA), which entered into force on 1 July 2010 and replaced the original Act that was first enacted in July 1998, specifically addresses issues relating to electronic commerce. The first enactment contained provisions drawn from the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce of 1996 (MLEC) and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures of 2001 (MLES). The re-enactment contains some amendments, including provisions drawn from the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracting of 2005 (CUECIC) as well as a re-ordering of the provisions.

The Electronic Transactions Act: What are the objectives and the effect of the UNCITRAL Model Laws on E-Commerce and Signatures as well as the CUECIC? What is their relationship with the ETA? What are the potential problems of modern electronic forms of communication (and electronic forms of documents and signatures) for contract law? To what extent have the revised ETA of 2010 resolved the outstanding issues relating to electronic transactions in general, and electronic contracting in particular? What are the types of matters or transactions that fall outside the scope of the Act? The IMDA and AGC spent several years reviewing the scope of the ETA, specifically relating to the adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. The model law aims to promote functional equivalence to electronic ETRs such as cheques, promissory notes, bills of exchange, bills of lading, etc. and give them full legal recognition under substantive law. These amendments entered into force on 19 March 2021.

Consider the various online business models. What are the various modern forms of electronic contract formation and communications, and to what extent are electronic notices legally binding or acceptable (e.g. as sufficient notification of purpose under the PDPA).

What is the purpose and effect of section 14 of the ETA? What are browsewrap and clickwrap contracts and, in your opinion, are they legally binding?

Compare and contrast the doctrine of unilateral mistake that is applied to the electronic contracting context for the vitiation of a contract to section 16 of the ETA. What was the purpose of the new provision and what are the potential problems that may arise in relation to it? Examine the Digilandmall and Quoine decisions on the doctrine of unilateral mistake.

What is the reason and basis for the use of automated message systems for contract formation and what are some examples of modern transactions that involves the use of such systems in transactions. Is there a necessity for such a provision (section 15 of the ETA) and does existing contract law not provide a legal basis for such contracts? and the issue of legal responsibility, rights and liability.

What is the law on electronic signatures (and records)? What are the challenges of electronic signatures as compared to physical ones? What is the objectives and purpose of the relevant provisions under the ETA (Parts II & III and 2nd & 3rd Schedules only) in relation to them? What is the difference, if any, between an “electronic”, a “secured electronic��� and a “digital” signature?

Cases: (not necessary reading for COR2226)

Quoine Pte Ltd v B2C2 Ltd [2020] SGCA(I) 02

Joseph Mathew and another v Singh Chiranjeev and another [2009] SGCA 51; [2010] 1 SLR 338 (CA)

Wee Soon Kim Anthony v Lim Chor Pee and another [2005] 4 SLR 367 (HC); 2 SLR 370 (CA)

SM Integrated Transware Pte Ltd v. Schenker Singapore (Pte) Ltd [2005] 2 SLR (R) 651

Chwee Kin Keong v. Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd [2004] 2 SLR (R) 594

Statutes and Standards: (for reference in class, relevant provisions will be highlighted in class)

Electronic Transactions Act (ETA) 2010

References: (optional)

Rosemary Lee, Annotated Statutes of Singapore: Electronic Transactions Act LexisNexis (2012) (available in SMU Course Reserves)

*BACKGROUND READING FOR AN INTRODUCTION TO RELEVANT ASPECTS OF CONTRACT LAW FOR COR2226:

Chapter 8 The Law of Contract, Sections 1, 2 & 9 only (by Singapore Law Watch). (<<< CLICK FOR LINK)

[variousqueerthings]

been reading a lot of clive barker recently and find him to be incredibly whimsical, life-affirming, and wondrous so I decided to read his ya series "abarat" which as it turns out isn't finished, so we're waiting at a point of utter despair for the most part, rip to the kids (that being said I do wish I'd known of it when I was a kid, no matter how frustrated by the wait I might have been)

anyway, do think I will write a little fanfic that nobody is going to read of christopher carrion and finnegan hob working through their mutual realisation that they were both being used by princess boa (meanwhile she's shooting finger guns at them, love her, love how she fucked up not one but two incredibly powerful silly boys, love that she just loves being bad, it appears to be her whole raison d`etre), and then they make out or smthin, unclear

[guyboulianne]

La traite des êtres humains en Ukraine, une série d’enquête de la journaliste américaine Deborah L. Armstrong — Première partie : Prélèvement illégal d’organes. « Chaque jour, nous travaillions comme les esclaves de Frankenstein ». Les faits sont dévoilés : https://www.guyboulianne.info/2023/01/08/la-traite-des-etres-humains-en-ukraine-une-serie-denquete-de-deborah-l-armstrong-premiere-partie-prelevement-illegal-dorganes

[alienpossession]

Ethnographic Research: Part 1

Loud screams and flailing hands, yet no one to help as all of them already jumped off their boat in the middle of the lake. They can feel it, something is filling them up, fast, and they cannot do anything about it. But after a wild couple of minutes, deafening silence as no more scream for help coming out. Soon, they climb the ladder by the side of the boat and get back up to the deck, looking at each other with curiosity and gleeful, awkward smile. One of them then mouthed

"Let's inform the Mother Ship of a job well done," and just like that, the cold expression-less face turned warmer, rowdier even, as it takes on a more humane color and expression.

----

There's no such thing as a memo or pointers on "How to Perfectly Blend In among Human" or "Step-by-Step Guide for Seamless Integration into Human Society". At least not for the Xarthan. As an invasive, cruel yet hyper-intelligent extraterrestrial being, taking over by sheer force and adapting accordingly is always the playbook. It's in their DNA to give complete disregard of other species as long as their species advanced or survived through their tumultuous, warring lifestyle. Yet, a handful of Xarthan believed that there's a better way of life out there. That they don't have to continously move from one planet to the others, pillaging one's life after the other, just to get their euphoric-inducing stimulant release. That maybe killing other species is not the only way they can get that sensation that makes them alive. Their centuries of research eventually led the descendants of these slightly differing Xarthans to the small blue dot their transmission revealed to be called planet Earth.

So, these small pack of 20 Xarthans decided that their research hypothesis need to be verified. They descended in batches, 2 in each spot seemingly infested by human being and planned to converge after each of them lived at least around a month or two acclimatizing to Earth's society. Their mission is to verify whether or not the sexual release done by the male population of Earth released a similar stimulant to what the Xarthans experienced when they manage to exterminate other species

In a complete Xarthan's style, these batches of alien take over the first human they encountered with little to no regards about the life these human previously have. In its static form, a Xarthan is usually 7-8 feet tall, translucent and very slender being. But due to its "liquid" nature, it can adjust its shape. Upon contact of the vessel's internal water or blood, a Xarthan will merge with it and then spread itself through the entire system of the body. This also applies to bodies of water in the wild, so in the event of encountering bodies of water, a Xarthan can break down into millions of microparticles and takeover multiple vessels at once. After taken over, those vessels will be controlled by a singular hive mind as those microparticles originated from a single Xarthan entity before breaking down. That case happened to the unfortunate Pike boys and their girls who spent their time on a lakeside cabin for their weekend break. When they jumped to the water, they have no idea that 2 Xarthans just landed a couple minutes before right around the area where their boat stopped. Upon unknowingly making contact to the infested water, their bodies all contorted and spasmed as millions of microparticles swarmed their system. They tried their best to save themselves but it was just too much and before long, they were all taken over

Still in the States, but more to its Northwest area, the hunting group didn't realize that there's a pair of predator lurking around the shadows. The group went to Montana for a casual hunting since this is not yet the season for elk hunting anyway. They split themselves into group of two, not knowing that by the end of the day, a pair of them will be back as totally different person. That misfortune befell on Richard and Logan, the slightly more experience hunter among the group as they were USMC veteran and probably have the most experience with gun compared to the others. The Xarthans that took over their bodies laughed on the last memory the two humans have

"He was scared shitless. It was genuinely the most horrified he's ever been,"

"Yup, same goes here. I think he peed his pants HAHAH"

The 4 Xarthans in the States are just 1/5 out of the research group. If went according to the original plan, the other 16 will land around:

1. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2. the Greek isles

3. Bangkok, Thailand

4. Ibiza, Spain

5. The Carribbean

6. Northern Europe, and

7. Eastern coast of Australia

[mauriciomeschoulam]

Riesgo ecológico y paz: actualización del 2023

Artículo publicado originalmente en El Universal: https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/opinion/mauricio-meschoulam/riesgo-ecologico-y-paz-actualizacion-del-2023/

“Las amenazas ecológicas y los altos niveles de violencia conforman un círculo vicioso”, nos dice el Instituto para la Economía y la Paz (IEP) en su Reporte por Amenaza Ecológica 2022 (ETR). Las dinámicas sistémicas se refuerzan unas a otras, continúa. La degradación de los recursos lleva a la violencia, pero al mismo tiempo, la violencia resulta también en una mayor degradación de los recursos.

Este informe del Instituto para la Economía y la Paz (IEP) evalúa las amenazas en 221 estados y territorios, y en 3,594 áreas subnacionales. El IEP no solo mide distintos aspectos del impacto de la degradación ecológica (como los riesgos por escasez de alimentos o agua, crecimiento demográfico, alteraciones climáticas y eventos naturales, entre otros factores), sino que efectúa una serie de correlaciones con otros dos de sus índices: el Índice Global de Paz y el Reporte de Paz Positiva, a fin de entender mejor los vínculos entre los temas ambientales con la violencia, la paz, y la resiliencia socioeconómica que exhiben los países más pacíficos del globo. El mayor hallazgo es, probablemente, el círculo vicioso arriba mencionado que se genera entre degradación ecológica y conflicto violento. Mientras mayor degradación ecológica existe, mayores probabilidades hay de que estallen conflictos violentos, pero a la inversa, los conflictos violentos generan también mayor degradación ecológica. Esto no es un asunto “del futuro”.

Ya en 2021, de los 15 países con calificación más baja en el reporte ecológico, 11 experimentaban conflictos violentos severos, y 4 corrían el riesgo de enfrentarlos. En cambio, ninguno de los países con altos niveles de paz se ubicaba en la zona de riesgo en el reporte ecológico. Esto se repitió de manera idéntica en el ETR 2022. De hecho, el 89% de los países más altos en dicho reporte, presenta altos niveles de paz y cuenta con fortalezas sociales, económicas y políticas para enfrentar de mejor manera las afectaciones ambientales y los riesgos por el cambio climático.

Los países más altos en el Índice de Paz Positiva son también los países más resilientes en lo ecológico. En palabras simples: construir paz, supone también construir resiliencia ambiental, y viceversa.

El ETR 2021 identificaba tres franjas del planeta con altísima correlación entre riesgo por degradación ambiental y conflicto violento: el Sahel en África, una amplia franja del África Subsahariana, y otra más que va desde Irak hasta Afganistán. Lo relevante es que, monitoreando los eventos durante 2022 y 2023, justamente esas zonas son aquellas en donde más conflictos violentos han tenido lugar (fuera de la guerra en Ucrania). Estamos hablando de las regiones con mayor incidencia de terrorismo, varios de esos territorios afectados por una ola de golpes de Estado, y otros tipos de conflictivas internas.

Asimismo, en 2022, el ETR encontró que 27 países podrían enfrentar amenazas ecológicas catastróficas, los cuales, al mismo tiempo, carecen de la resiliencia social y política para poder enfrentar esa situación de mejor manera. Esos países alojan a 768 millones de personas. Dos terceras partes de esa población se ubica en solo siete países del África Subsahariana y 18.5% se ubica en la región de Medio Oriente y el Norte de África. Uno de los ocho países con mayores riesgos es Yemen, el cual vive desde hace años una cruenta guerra civil (de la cual hablamos la semana pasada).

El reporte del 2023 lamentablemente pronostica el empeoramiento de la degradación ecológica que lleva a problemas sociales como la desnutrición, la migración y los conflictos con un aumento estimado de poblaciones en riesgo: 2.8 mil millones en 2050 (de 1.8 mil millones en 2023), 1.1 mil millones en países con baja resiliencia.

Esto, en el contexto de importantes disparidades regionales. África subsahariana enfrenta amenazas ecológicas significativamente más altas que otras regiones. Casi todas las áreas subnacionales con graves amenazas están en África subsahariana; 19 de 30 países de alto riesgo están en la misma región. Y esto se conecta con otro tema del que hemos hablado continuamente:

Como dijimos, el aumento de las amenazas ecológicas se correlaciona con un mayor riesgo de conflicto, especialmente en áreas con instituciones débiles y conflictos previos. Además, el aumento de las amenazas ecológicas lleva a un mayor desplazamiento forzado, con la mayoría estableciéndose en ciudades, lo que tensiona los recursos e infraestructura.

Dentro de las amenazas sistémicas y cíclicas por riesgo ambiental y conflicto armado, pensemos tan solo en el impacto de la guerra en Ucrania en términos de la inseguridad alimentaria. El ETR reporta 42 países enfrentan inseguridad alimentaria grave, con miles de millones viviendo en áreas de alta o grave inseguridad alimentaria, principalmente en África subsahariana. La malnutrición se ha intensificado de manera continua desde 2017 hasta el 2021, año en el que 750 millones de personas la padecían. Y justamente, 92% de esas personas viven en países con bajos niveles de paz (de acuerdo con el Índice Global de Paz). Esto a la vez, se ve impactado por las alzas a los precios de los alimentos, tanto por los efectos de la pandemia, como por la mencionada guerra en Ucrania.

De manera similar, la inseguridad alimentaria y las presiones por el agua están interconectadas, indica el ETR. Sin la posibilidad de acceder a suficientes cantidades de agua, es imposible cultivar y proveer cantidades suficientes de alimento. En 2023 aproximadamente 2 mil millones de personas carecen de agua potable segura; el riesgo hídrico aumenta en varias regiones, incluyendo Medio Oriente, África del Norte y Eurasia.  La cuestión es que también los conflictos violentos por el acceso al agua crecieron al triple entre el año 2000 y el 2019. Los cuatro países con mayores conflictos por el agua en estos años fueron Irak, Somalia, Yemen y Sudán. Observe que justamente se trata de países que durante los mismos años han sido afectados de manera severa por el terrorismo, por guerras civiles, golpes de Estado y/o conflictos violentos de distinta índole. Asimismo, existen nexos circulares entre la ausencia de paz, el riesgo ambiental y la migración forzada. Revise por poner un ejemplo, el caso de Sudán en 2023, un tema que cubrimos en este espacio. Por supuesto que los factores que detonaron ese conflicto son esencialmente políticos. Sin embargo, cuando se mira una perspectiva más amplia, se puede encontrar la correlación entre el riesgo ambiental y el conflicto en esa zona específica del mundo.

El reporte invita a las agencias internacionales, a las organizaciones locales y a los gobiernos, a asumir enfoques integrales en la atención de las degradaciones ecológicas más severas. Para ello, el reporte propone empoderar a las comunidades locales mediante iniciativas lideradas desde abajo, enfocadas en el desarrollo y en la seguridad humana. Hay que mitigar los impactos por escasez de alimentos, escasez de agua o por eventos naturales, por supuesto, pero al mismo tiempo, se necesita edificar o reforzar las estructuras, las instituciones y las actitudes que crean y sostienen la paz. Esto incluye, por ejemplo, el combate a la desigualdad socioeconómica, la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en las relaciones económicas, sociales, políticas y culturales, el impulso al respeto de los derechos humanos, la construcción y solidificación de instituciones eficientes, un enfoque de desarrollo del capital humano y el combate a la corrupción, entre otros factores. Además, dice el IEP, necesitamos repensar el enfoque militarista en la atención de conflictos en regiones como el Sahel, el Cuerno de África, Medio Oriente o Asia Central. Todo está conectado con los resultados del reporte que señalo.

Sin embargo, vamos a encontrar que varios de esos aspectos no pueden ser atendidos exclusivamente de manera local. Considere, por poner un caso, el tema de la corrupción. A pesar de lo mucho que tendríamos que hacer al interior de nuestros países en ese rubro, solo eche un vistazo a los Pandora Papers para darse cuenta de los esquemas transnacionales bajo los que la corrupción o el lavado de dinero pueden evadir a autoridades locales. Esto, en pocas palabras, obliga a los diferentes países a cooperar.

Así como ocurre con la pandemia, las crisis ambientales son crisis sistémicas. Y en un sistema no hay pequeñas islas que se pueden salvar a sí mismas, sino un conjunto de partes que interactúan, que son afectadas por el todo y que a su vez impactan al todo. De ahí la relevancia de la colaboración internacional, y la coordinación para establecer compromisos, medidas, mecanismos para hacer que esas medidas sean vinculantes, verificables y que existan consecuencias de no cumplirse.

Esa es la importancia de foros como la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático, conocida como COP. Sopesar lo sucedido este año en ese encuentro global se vuelve indispensable. Hay algo de progreso, pero falta mucho por hacer. Dicho eso, como vemos, cada una de las sociedades que habita este planeta, tiene tareas locales inmediatas en materia de actitudes, instituciones y estructuras de paz, las cuales no necesitan ni deben esperar a que los acuerdos globales se logren gestionar e implementar.

19 de diciembre, 2023

[mel-et-ses-histoires]

J'ai a la fois tres envie et tres pas le temps de vous parler de films et séries.

On va faire court en attendant que le metier de medecin laisse plus de temps libre ( loool)

Donc Barbie c'est tres bien, c'est intelligent, c'est joli, c'est d'autant plus intéressant que le film se veux tres frontal dans ses propos, sans ambiguïté.

John Wick 4 c'est tres bien, c'est intelligent, c'est tres tres joli, ca se voit qu'ils ont collés 2 films en 1. Le film se tappe au calme une reference a Laurence d'Arabie à son ouverture en mode "voila comment je m'evalue moi même".

Cyberpunk edgerunner c'est tres bien, c'est intelligent, c'est joli, pourquoi faut il rappeler aussi souvent que la sf ça peut etre genial ? Pourquoi ça donne envie de remplacer ses membres par des protheses bioniques et de faire l'amour a des robots ?

Rebel moon partie 1, ca se regarde tres bien, le moins Zack Snyder des films Zack Snyder, je ne comprends absolument pas pourquoi les gens comparent le film a Star wars episode 1 ( alors que si vous voulez faire des comparaisons vous auriez pu parler debcopier coller avec la licence Warhammer)

Gloutons et dragons, diffusion en cours. C'est choupichoux tout plein, ca casse pas trois pattes a un canard mais c'est innocent (le pitch "viens je suis sure que t'es pas cap de faire une serie Top chef dans donjons et dragons).

La suite j'ai oublié mais ça me reviendra.

[izayahuasca]

Le voyage

Je commence ces quelques lignes alors que nous sommes dans l’avion pour washington. Nous avons décollé il y a presque une heure. 8h45 de vol nous attendent suivi d’une escale de 3h10 et de 3h50 de vol jusque Càcun.

Apres 6h de voyage, un repas gastronomique, 3 épisodes de ma serie et quelques blabla avec ma co voyageuse, le temps commence à se faire long. J’ai envie de bouger et de ne plus etre dans cet avion. Malheureusement, il me reste encore 2 bonnes heures de vol.

L’escale à Washington est passée super vite malgré notre énorme coup de pompe. Passer la douane à pris au moins une heure, ensuite nous avons visité un peu l’aéroport, mangé chez wow bao et le tour est joué! « Plus que » 3h50 d’avion.

Deux épisodes et quelques morceaux de musique plus tard, l’air chaud et humide nous surprend lorsque nous sortons de l’avion. Ça y est, nous sommes au Mexique, on l’a fait!

2h longues heures d’attente pour passer la douane, un nouveau cachet dans notre passeport, nous récupérons nos valises, hop nous sommes enfin dehors, il est 23h15 mais 5h15 dans nos corps. Je n’ai pas dormi de tout le vol. Il y a 1h30 d’attente pour le car que nous voulions prendre. Pas question d’attendre, on saute dans un « taxi » qui nous demande 20€/personne pour nous amener dans « le centre », il s’avère qu’il nous dépose à 40min de marche de notre auberge. Impensable de marcher 40 min après le voyage que nous venons de faire, j’écris à Robert, notre hote. Nous sommes à 6min en voiture de l’auberge, il vient nous chercher. Une fois arrivées dans notre chambre, on se met tout de suite au lit. Il est minuit 30.

(Mon anglais merveilleux, c’est gratuit 🫶🏻)

[agtictl23]

SESSION 8. ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS AND CONTRACTING

READ: ICTL TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 3

OPTIONAL REFERENCE: L&T BOOK CHAPTER 9

Electronic Contracting: In Singapore, contract law is largely based on the English common law and has developed on that basis, as judge-made law. Contract law is supplemented by some statutes and provisions in a series of legislations. The Electronic Transactions Act (Cap 88, 2011 Rev Ed) (ETA), which entered into force on 1 July 2010 and replaced the original Act that was first enacted in July 1998, specifically addresses issues relating to electronic commerce. The first enactment contained provisions drawn from the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce of 1996 (MLEC) and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures of 2001 (MLES). The re-enactment contains some amendments, including provisions drawn from the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracting of 2005 (CUECIC) as well as a re-ordering of the provisions.

The Electronic Transactions Act: What are the objectives and the effect of the UNCITRAL Model Laws on E-Commerce and Signatures as well as the CUECIC? What is their relationship with the ETA? What are the potential problems of modern electronic forms of communication (and electronic forms of documents and signatures) for contract law? To what extent have the revised ETA of 2010 resolved the outstanding issues relating to electronic transactions in general, and electronic contracting in particular? What are the types of matters or transactions that fall outside the scope of the Act? The IMDA and AGC spent several years reviewing the scope of the ETA, specifically relating to the adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. The model law aims to promote functional equivalence to electronic ETRs such as cheques, promissory notes, bills of exchange, bills of lading, etc. and give them full legal recognition under substantive law. These amendments entered into force on 19 March 2021.

Consider the various online business models. What are the various modern forms of electronic contract formation and communications, and to what extent are electronic notices legally binding or acceptable (e.g. as sufficient notification of purpose under the PDPA).

What is the purpose and effect of section 14 of the ETA? What are browsewrap and clickwrap contracts and, in your opinion, are they legally binding?

Compare and contrast the doctrine of unilateral mistake that is applied to the electronic contracting context for the vitiation of a contract to section 16 of the ETA. What was the purpose of the new provision and what are the potential problems that may arise in relation to it? Examine the Digilandmall and Quoine decisions on the doctrine of unilateral mistake.

What is the reason and basis for the use of automated message systems for contract formation and what are some examples of modern transactions that involves the use of such systems in transactions. Is there a necessity for such a provision (section 15 of the ETA) and does existing contract law not provide a legal basis for such contracts? and the issue of legal responsibility, rights and liability.

What is the law on electronic signatures (and records)? What are the challenges of electronic signatures as compared to physical ones? What is the objectives and purpose of the relevant provisions under the ETA (Parts II & III and 2nd & 3rd Schedules only) in relation to them? What is the difference, if any, between an “electronic”, a “secured electronic” and a “digital” signature?

Cases:

Quoine Pte Ltd v B2C2 Ltd [2020] SGCA(I) 02

Joseph Mathew and another v Singh Chiranjeev and another [2009] SGCA 51; [2010] 1 SLR 338 (CA)

Wee Soon Kim Anthony v Lim Chor Pee and another [2005] 4 SLR 367 (HC); 2 SLR 370 (CA)

SM Integrated Transware Pte Ltd v. Schenker Singapore (Pte) Ltd [2005] 2 SLR (R) 651

Chwee Kin Keong v. Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd [2004] 2 SLR (R) 594

Statutes and Standards: (for reference in class, relevant provisions will be highlighted in class)

Electronic Transactions Act (ETA) 2010

References: (optional)

Rosemary Lee, Annotated Statutes of Singapore: Electronic Transactions Act LexisNexis (2012) (available in SMU Course Reserves)