#Economic Legacy India

[pebblegalaxy]

UPA vs NDA: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oil Bonds, Economic Policy, and Political Legacies in India (2004-2024) #OilBonds #IndianEconomy #FiscalPolicy #EconomicAnalysis #FuelSubsidy #PublicDebt #PoliticalAnalysis #FinancialReforms #OMCSubsidy

An In-Depth Analysis of India’s Oil Bonds (2004-2014): Context, Impact, and Financial Legacy The Government of India (GOI) issued oil bonds between 2004 and 2014 to compensate Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) for the losses they incurred while selling fuel below cost. This measure was part of a broader subsidy regime aimed at insulating consumers from volatile global oil prices. Over this decade,…

[insightfultake]

The Quiet Architect of India's Economic Renaissance: Dr. Manmohan Singh (1932-2024)

In the corridors of history, certain figures walk not just as mere individuals but as epochs unto themselves. Dr. Manmohan Singh, who departed this world on December 26, 2024, at the venerable age of 92, was such a figure. A man of quiet dignity, profound intellect, and unshakable resolve, he transformed India’s economic landscape and catapulted the nation onto the global stage.

Born on September 26, 1932, in a modest village in Punjab—then under British India—Dr. Singh's life was a testament to the power of perseverance and education. Orphaned at an early age, he rose above his circumstances, excelling at the University of Cambridge and later earning a doctorate from Oxford. The boy from the village of Gah—now in Pakistan—grew to become a custodian of India's destiny, orchestrating reforms that would define generations. Expand to read

[newsepick]

Ratan Tata's Impact on India - True Indian - Tribute to Sir Ratan Tata

From architectural marvels 🏛️ to ground-breaking business ventures 💼, Ratan Tata's impact on India is undeniable. Before leading the Tata Group, he studied architecture and designed architectural gems in Jamshedpur 💎. His philanthropic spirit shone through, with Tata Sons and Tata Trusts pledging Rs 1,500 crore to combat COVID-19 💪. He championed environmental sustainability 🌳, establishing the environment division at CII to support industry efforts. Tata's unwavering support for Indian startups, like Motopaws 🐶, fostered innovation and entrepreneurship 💡. A man of adventure ✈️, he obtained a pilot's license and co-piloted a Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter plane 🚀. His passing on October 9, 2024, left a profound legacy of vision, compassion, and innovation 🙏. News Card Contents: 👉 Who is Ratan Tata? 👉 His Passion for Architecture 👉 His Philanthropic Pursuits 👉 His take on Sustainability 👉 His Support for Startups 👉 A Licensed Pilot 👉 Tata: A Man Beyond Legacy For more news on the world of Business, check out Newsepick: https://app.newsepick.com

[brijendrasstuff]

"Pv Narasimha Rao: Honoring the Architect of India's Economic Transformation"

“Pv Narasimha Rao: Honoring the Architect of India’s Economic Transformation” pv Narasimha Rao, architect of India’s economic transformation, honoring, PV Narasimha Rao’s legacy, economic reforms in India the Architect of India’s Economic Transformation A Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, to be bestowed upon Former prime minister Pv Narasimha Rao and agricultural scientist Dr. Ms…

[fatehbaz]

when the Empire's researchers realized that the cause of the ecological devastation was the Empire:

much to consider.

on the motives and origins of some forms of imperial "environmentalism".

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Since the material resources of colonies were vital to the metropolitan centers of empire, some of the earliest conservation practices were established outside of Europe [but established for the purpose of protecting the natural resources desired by metropolitan Europe]. [...] [T]ropical island colonies were crucial laboratories of empire, as garden incubators for the transplantation of peoples [slaves, laborers] and plants [cash crops] and for generating the European revival of Edenic discourse. Eighteenth-century environmentalism derived from colonial island contexts in which limited space and an ideological model of utopia contributed to new models of conservation [...]. [T]ropical island colonies were at the vanguard of establishing forest reserves and environmental legislation [...]. These forest reserves, like those established in New England and South Africa, did not necessarily represent "an atavistic interest in preserving the 'natural' [...]" but rather a "more manipulative and power-conscious interest in constructing a new landscape by planting trees [in monoculture or otherwise modified plantations] [...]."

Text by: Elizabeth DeLoughrey and George B. Handley. "Introduction: Toward an Aesthetics of the Earth". Postcolonial Ecologies: Literatures of the Environment, edited by DeLoughrey and Handley. 2011. [Text within brackets added by me for clarity and context.]

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British colonial forestry was arguably one of the most extensive imperial frameworks of scientific natural resource management anywhere [...]. [T]he roots of conservation [...] lay in the role played by scientific communities in the colonial periphery [...]. In India, [...] in 1805 [...] the court of directors of the East India Company sent a dispatch enquiring [...] [about] the Royal Navy [and its potential use of wood from Malabar's forests] [...]. This enquiry led to the appointment of a forest committee which reported that extensive deforestation had taken place and recommended the protection of the Malabar forests on grounds that they were valuable property. [...] [T]o step up the extraction of teak to augment the strength of the Royal Navy [...] [b]etween 1806 and 1823, the forests of Malabar were protected by means of this monopoly [...]. The history of British colonial forestry, however, took a decisive turn in the post-1860 period [...]. Following the revolt of 1857, the government of India sought to pursue active interventionist policies [...]. Experts were deployed as 'scientific soldiers' and new agencies established. [...] The paradigm [...] was articulated explicitly in the first conference [Empire Forestry Conference] by R.S. Troup, a former Indian forest service officer and then the professor of forestry at Oxford. Troup began by sketching a linear model of the development of human relationship with forests, arguing that the human-forest interaction in civilized societies usually went through three distinct phases - destruction, conservation, and economic management. Conservation was a ‘wise and necessary measure’ but it was ‘only a stage towards the problem of how best to utilise the forest resources of the empire’. The ultimate ideal was economic management, [...] to exploit 'to the full [...]' and provide regular supplies [...] to industry.

Text by: Ravi Rajan. "Modernizing Nature: Tropical Forestry and the Contested Legacy of British Colonial Eco-Development, 1800-2000". Oxford Historical Monographs series, Oxford University Press. January 2006.

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It is no accident that the earliest writers to comment specifically on rapid environmental change in the context of empires were scientists who were themselves often actors in the process of colonially stimulated environmental change. [...] [N]atural philosophers [...] in Bermuda, [...] in Barbados and [...] on St Helena [all British colonies] were all already well aware of characteristically high rates of soil erosion and deforestation in the colonial tropics [...]. On St Helena and Bermuda this early conservationism led, by 1715, to the gazetting of the first colonial forest reserves and forest protection laws. On French colonial Mauritius [...], Poivre and Philibert Commerson framed pioneering forest conservation [...] in the 1760s. In India William Roxburgh [and] Edward Balfour [...] ([...] Scottish medical scientists) wrote alarmist narratives relating [to] deforestation [...]. East India Company scientists [...] [including] Roxburgh [...] went on to further observe the incidence of global drought events [...]. The writings of Edward Balfour and Hugh Cleghorn in the late 1840s in particular illustrate the extent of the permeation of a global environmental consciousness [...]. [T]he 1860s [were] a period [...] which embodies a convergence of thinking about ecological change on a world scale [...]. It was in the particular circumstances of environmental change at the colonial periphery that what we would now term "environmentalism" first made itself felt [...]. Victorian texts such as [...] Ribbentrop's Forestry in the British Empire, Brown's Hydrology of South Africa, Cleghorn's Forests and Gardens of South India [...] were [...] vital to the onset of environmentalism [...]. This fear grew steadily in the wake of colonial expansion [...] particularly [...] after the great Indian famines of 1876 [...].

Text by: Richard Grove and Vinita Damodaran. "Imperialism, Intellectual Networks, and Environmental Change: Origins and Evolution of Global Environmental History, 1676-2000: Part I". Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 41, No. 41. 14 October 2006

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The “planetary consciousness” produced by this systemizing of nature [in eighteenth-century European science] […] increased the mobility of paradise discourse [...]. As European colonial expansion accelerated, the homogenizing transformation of people, economy and nature which it catalyzed also gave rise to a myth of lost paradise, which served as a register […] for obliterated cultures, peoples, and environments [devastated by that same European colonization], and as a measure of the rapid ecological changes, frequently deforestation and desiccation, generated by colonizing capital. On one hand, this myth served to suppress dissent by submerging it in melancholy, but on the other, it promoted the emergence of an imperialist environmental critique which would motivate the later establishment of colonial botanical gardens, potential Edens in which nature could be re-made. However, the subversive potential of the “green” critique voiced through the myth of endangered paradise was defused by the extent to which growing environmental sensibilities enabled imperialism to function more efficiently by appropriating botanical knowledge and indigenous conservation methods, thus continuing to serve the purposes of European capital.

Text by: Sharae Deckard. Paradise Discourse, Imperialism, and Globalization: Exploiting Eden. 2010.

[southeastasianists]

Singapore’s prosperity has long set it apart from many other former British colonies. There is another difference, too: Singapore has clung to honouring its former colonial ruler — and it wants to keep doing so.

Special accolade has gone to Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who is considered to have founded modern Singapore in the early 1800s. For decades, Singapore’s textbooks credited Raffles with transforming the island from a “sleepy fishing village” into a thriving seaport. He has been the central character in a larger official narrative that says imperial Britain had set up Singapore for success as an independent nation.

Dedications to Raffles dot the landscape of Singapore. A business district, schools and dozens of other buildings bear his name. Two 2.5-metre likenesses of the man loom large in downtown Singapore.

But a new statue of Raffles, installed in a park in May, has revived a debate about the legacy of colonialism in Singapore. On one side is the broader establishment, which has held up British colonial rule positively. On the other are those who want a closer inspection of the empire that Raffles represented and the racial inequity he left behind, even as Singapore became wealthy.

This divide has surfaced before, perhaps most prominently a few years ago when Singapore celebrated the bicentennial of Raffles’ arrival on the island. Now, the new statue has set off a fresh debate, with critics pointing out that other countries have for years been taking down monuments to historical figures associated with slavery or imperialism, or both.

“The thing about Raffles is that, unfortunately I think, it has been delivered as a hagiography rather than just history,” said Alfian Sa’at, a playwright who wants to see the Raffles statues destroyed. “It’s so strange — the idea that one would defend colonial practice. It goes against the grain on what’s happening in many parts of the world.”

The new statue of Raffles stands next to one of his friend Nathaniel Wallich, a Danish botanist, at Fort Canning Park. Tan Kee Wee, an economist who pooled $330,000 with his siblings to commission the statues, said he wanted to commemorate the pair’s role in founding Singapore’s first botanic gardens, which were his frequent childhood haunt. He donated the sculptures in his parents’ name to the National Parks Board.

Opponents have also criticised the government for allowing the statue to go up at the park because it was the site of the tomb of precolonial Malay kings. The parks board said it considered historical relevance in the installation of the sculptures.

Questions about the statue have even been raised in Singapore’s parliament. In June, Desmond Lee, the minister for national development, responded to one by saying that Singapore did not glorify its colonial history. At the same time, Lee added, “We need not be afraid of the past.”

The plaque for the Raffles statue explains how Singapore’s first botanic gardens “cultivated plants of economic importance, particularly spices”. That, critics said, was a euphemism for their actual purpose: cash crops for the British Empire.

Tan defended the legacy of British colonialists in Singapore, saying they “didn’t come and kill Singaporeans”.

He added: “Singapore was treated well by the British. So why all this bitterness?”

Far from benign

But colonial Britain was far from benign. For instance, it treated nonwhite residents of Singapore as second-class citizens. Raffles created a town plan for Singapore that segregated people into different racial enclaves. And he did not interact with the locals, said Kwa Chong Guan, a historian.

“He was very much a corporate company man, just concerned with what he assumed to be the English East India Co’s interests,” Kwa said.

Raffles landed in Singapore in 1819 as Britain was looking to compete with the Dutch in the Malacca Strait, a crucial waterway to China. At the time, Singapore was under the sway of the kingdom of Johor in present-day Malaysia. Raffles exploited a succession dispute in Johor to secure a treaty that allowed the East India Company to set up a trading post in Singapore.

Within a handful of years, Singapore was officially a British territory. Convict labour, largely from the Indian subcontinent, was crucial to its economic development. So, too, were Chinese immigrants, which included wealthy traders and poor labourers.

Singapore achieved self-governance in 1959, then briefly joined Malaysia before becoming an independent republic in 1965. It has since built one of the world’s most open economies and among its busiest ports, as well as a bustling regional financial hub.

In recent years, the government has acknowledged, in small ways, the need to expand the narrative of Singapore’s founding beyond Raffles. Its textbooks now reflect that the island was a thriving centre of regional trade for hundreds of years before Raffles arrived.

In 2019, officials cast the commemoration of Raffles’ arrival as also a celebration of others who built Singapore. A Raffles statue was painted over as if to disappear into the backdrop. Placed next to it, though only for the duration of the event, were four other sculptures of early settlers, including that of Sang Nila Utama, a Malay prince who founded what was called Singapura in 1299.

To some historians and intellectuals, such gestures are merely symbolic and ignore the reckoning Singapore needs to have with its colonial past. British rule introduced racist stereotypes about nonwhites, such as that of the “lazy” Malay, an Indigenous group in Singapore, that has had a lasting effect on public attitudes. Colonialism led to racial divisions that, in many ways, persist to this day in the city-state that is now dominated by ethnic Chinese.

“If you only focus on one man and the so-called benevolent aspect of colonialism, and you don’t try to associate or think about the negative part too much, isn’t that a kind of blindness, or deliberate amnesia?” said Sai Siew Min, an independent historian. (Story continues below)

Role of race

Race relations played a role in Raffles’ ascension in Singaporean lore. Soon after Singapore became independent, the governing People’s Action Party — which remains in power decades later — decided to officially declare Raffles the founder of Singapore. Years later, S Rajaratnam, who was then the foreign minister, said that anointing a Malay, Chinese or Indian as its founder would have been fraught.

“So we put up an Englishman — a neutral, so there will be no dissension,” Rajaratnam said.

The decision was also meant to indicate that Singapore remained open to the West and free markets.

In a 1983 speech, Rajaratnam acknowledged that Raffles’ attitude toward the “nonwhite races was that without British overlordship the natives would not amount to much”.

Critics of the Raffles statues also argue that his legacy should reflect his time on the island of Java. Although Raffles outlawed slavery in Singapore, he allowed trading of slaves in Java, including children as young as 13, according to Tim Hannigan, who wrote a book about Raffles.

The new statues of Raffles and Wallich were created by Andrew Lacey, a British artist. The sculptures evoke the two men as apparitions — symbolism that Lacey said represented the world’s evolution away from the West.

Lacey said he had “wrangled” with the public reaction toward his sculptures and he had no qualms if Singaporeans wanted to take them down, destroy them or replace their heads with the Malay gardeners who were instrumental in creating the botanic gardens.

“I was cognisant of the complexities of making any dead white male,” he said of Raffles. “I wasn’t cognisant of the degree of complexity around him.”

[darkmaga-returns]

Over the Christmas holiday, a firestorm erupted on X surrounding the H-1B visa debate. The debate has centered on two factions within the MAGA movement – on the one side are so-called “Tech Bros,” represented by Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy, the co-chairs of President Trump’s Department of Government Efficiency, or “DOGE.”

This group has endorsed policies like continuing the H-1B visa program, which enables companies to hire foreign workers with “specialized knowledge.” Advocates of H-1B visas justify their position on the purported lack of high-skilled American laborers available today.

Within the tech industry, where the program is especially popular, advocates maintain that there is a shortage of high-skilled computer programmers and engineers, and so H-1B visas are an indispensable part to the long term continued growth of their industry.

Elon Musk personally got involved and added a geopolitical layer to the debate: arguing that without these workers, America would be at risk of falling behind foreign competitors in the race for artificial intelligence, thus opening itself to a parade of national security horribles over the long run if countries like China and India presumably get these workers instead.

Those on the other side of the debate, people like Laura Loomer, Jack Posobiec, Gavin Wax, Josiah Lippincott, and many others aligned with the MAGA movement, stress that H-1B visas preferentially select for foreign workers over native-born Americans.

As a result, Indian and Chinese laborers are getting jobs that otherwise qualified legacy American workers should have. The economic consequences of this policy are twofold: Americans are denied opportunities to work in high-wage jobs, like Tech and Engineering – and even industries like law, which increasingly rely on foreign applicants.

[uniquelish]

World's Most Powerful Business Leaders: Insights from Visionaries Across the Globe

In the fast-evolving world of business and innovation, visionary leadership has become the cornerstone of driving global progress. Recently, Fortune magazine recognized the world's most powerful business leaders, acknowledging their transformative influence on industries, economies, and societies.

Among these extraordinary figures, Elon Musk emerged as the most powerful business leader, symbolizing the future of technological and entrepreneurial excellence.

Elon Musk: The Game-Changer

Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla, SpaceX, and X (formerly Twitter), has redefined innovation with his futuristic endeavors. From pioneering electric vehicles at Tesla to envisioning Mars colonization with SpaceX, Musk's revolutionary ideas continue to shape industries. Recognized as the most powerful business leader by Fortune, his ventures stand as a testament to what relentless ambition and innovation can achieve. Digital Fraud and Cybercrime: India Blocks 59,000 WhatsApp Accounts and 6.7 Lakh SIM Cards Also Read This....

Musk's influence extends beyond his corporate achievements. As a driver of artificial intelligence and space exploration, he inspires the next generation of leaders to push boundaries. His leadership exemplifies the power of daring to dream big and executing with precision.

Mukesh Ambani: The Indian Powerhouse

Mukesh Ambani, the chairman of Reliance Industries, represents the epitome of Indian business success. Ranked among the top 15 most powerful business leaders globally, Ambani has spearheaded transformative projects in telecommunications, retail, and energy, reshaping India's economic landscape. His relentless focus on innovation, particularly with Reliance Jio, has revolutionized the digital ecosystem in India.

Under his leadership, Reliance Industries has expanded its global footprint, setting new benchmarks in business growth and sustainability. Ambani’s vision reflects the critical role of emerging economies in shaping the global business narrative.

Defining Powerful Leadership

The criteria for identifying powerful business leaders are multifaceted. According to Fortune, leaders were evaluated based on six key metrics:

Business Scale: The size and impact of their ventures on a global level.

Innovation: Their ability to pioneer advancements that redefine industries.

Influence: How effectively they inspire others and create a lasting impact.

Trajectory: The journey of their career and the milestones achieved.

Business Health: Metrics like profitability, liquidity, and operational efficiency.

Global Impact: Their contribution to society and how their leadership addresses global challenges.

Elon Musk and Mukesh Ambani exemplify these qualities, demonstrating how strategic vision and innovative execution can create monumental change.

Other Global Icons in Leadership

The list of the world's most powerful business leaders features numerous iconic personalities, each excelling in their respective domains:

Satya Nadella (Microsoft): A transformative leader who has repositioned Microsoft as a cloud-computing leader, emphasizing customer-centric innovation.

Sundar Pichai (Alphabet/Google): A driving force behind Google’s expansion into artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and global digital services.

Jensen Huang (NVIDIA): The architect of the AI revolution, whose GPUs have become indispensable in AI-driven industries.

Tim Cook (Apple): Building on Steve Jobs' legacy, Cook has solidified Apple as a leader in innovation and user-centric design.

These leaders have shown that their influence isn’t confined to financial success alone; it extends to creating a better future for the world.

Leadership in Action: Driving Innovation and Progress

One common thread unites these leaders—their ability to drive innovation. For example:

Mary Barra (General Motors) is transforming the auto industry with her push toward electric vehicles, ensuring a sustainable future.

Sam Altman (OpenAI) leads advancements in artificial intelligence, shaping ethical AI practices with groundbreaking models like ChatGPT.

These visionaries have proven that impactful leadership is about staying ahead of trends, embracing challenges, and delivering solutions that inspire change.

The Indian Connection: Rising Global Influence

Apart from Mukesh Ambani, Indian-origin leaders such as Sundar Pichai and Satya Nadella have earned global recognition. Their ability to bridge cultural boundaries and lead multinational corporations demonstrates the increasing prominence of Indian talent on the world stage.

Conclusion

From technological advancements to economic transformation, these powerful business leaders are shaping the future of our world. Elon Musk and Mukesh Ambani stand at the forefront, representing the limitless potential of visionary leadership. As industries continue to evolve, their impact serves as a beacon for aspiring leaders worldwide.

This era of leadership emphasizes not only achieving success but also leveraging it to create meaningful change. In the words of Elon Musk: "When something is important enough, you do it even if the odds are not in your favor." Rajkot Job Update

[whencyclopedia]

Smoke and Ashes: Opium's Hidden Histories

"Smoke and Ashes: Opium’s Hidden Histories" is a sweeping and jarring work of how opium became an insidious capitalistic tool to generate wealth for the British Empire and other Western powers at the expense of an epidemic of addiction in China and the impoverishment of millions of farmers in India. The legacy of this “criminal enterprise,” as the author puts it, left lasting influences that reverberate across cultures and societies even today.

Written in engaging language, Smoke and Ashes is a scholarly follow-up to the author’s famous Ibis trilogy, a collection of fiction that uses the opium trade as its backdrop. In Smoke and Ashes, the author draws on his years-long research into opium supplemented by his family history, personal travels, cross-cultural experience, and expertise in works of historical verisimilitude. Composed over 18 chapters, the author delves into a diverse set of primary and secondary data, including Chinese sources. He also brings a multidimensional angle to the study by highlighting the opium trade's legacy in diverse areas such as art, architecture, horticulture, printmaking, and calligraphy. 23 pictorial illustrations serve as powerful eyewitness accounts to the discourse.

This book should interest students and scholars seeking historical analysis based on facts on the ground instead of colonial narratives. Readers will also find answers to how opium continues to play an outsize role in modern-day conflicts, addictions, corporate behavior, and globalism.

Amitav Ghosh’s research convincingly points out that while opium had always been used for recreational purposes across cultures, it was the Western powers such as the British, Portuguese, the Spaniards, and the Dutch that discovered its significant potential as a trading vehicle. Ghosh adds that colonial rulers, especially the British, often rationalized their actions by arguing that the Asian population was naturally predisposed to narcotics. However, it was British India that bested others in virtually monopolizing the market for the highly addictive Indian opium in China. Used as a currency to redress the East India Company (EIC)’s trade deficit with China, the opium trade by the 1890s generated about five million sterling a year for Britain. Meanwhile, as many as 40 million Chinese became addicted to opium.

Eastern India became the epicenter of British opium production. Workers in opium factories in Patna and Benares toiled under severe conditions, often earning less than the cost of production while their British managers lived in luxury. Ghosh asserts that opium farming permanently impoverished a region that was an economic powerhouse before the British arrived. Ghosh’s work echoes developmental economists such as Jonathan Lehne, who has documented opium-growing communities' lower literacy and economic progress compared to their neighbors.

Ghosh states that after Britain, “the country that benefited most from the opium trade” with China, was the United States. American traders skirted the British opium monopoly by sourcing from Turkey and Malwa in Western India. By 1818, American traders were smuggling about one-third of all the opium consumed in China. Many powerful families like the Astors, Coolidges, Forbes, Irvings, and Roosevelts built their fortunes from the opium trade. Much of this opium money, Ghosh shows, also financed banking, railroads, and Ivy League institutions. While Ghosh mentions that many of these families developed a huge collection of Chinese art, he could have also discussed that some of their holdings were most probably part of millions of Chinese cultural icons plundered by colonialists.

Ghosh ends the book by discussing how the EIC's predatory behaviors have been replicated by modern corporations, like Purdue Pharma, that are responsible for the opium-derived OxyContin addiction. He adds that fossil fuel companies such as BP have also reaped enormous profits at the expense of consumer health or environmental damage.

Perhaps one omission in this book is that the author does not hold Indian opium traders from Malwa, such as the Marwaris, Parsis, and Jews, under the same ethical scrutiny as he does to the British and the Americans. While various other works have covered the British Empire's involvement in the opium trade, most readers would find Ghosh's narrative of American involvement to be eye-opening. Likewise, his linkage of present-day eastern India's economic backwardness to opium is both revealing and insightful.

Winner of India's highest literary award Jnanpith and nominated author for the Man Booker Prize, Amitav Ghosh's works concern colonialism, identity, migration, environmentalism, and climate change. In this book, he provides an invaluable lesson for political and business leaders that abdication of ethics and social responsibility have lasting consequences impacting us all.

Continue reading...

[rockislandadultreads]

Read-Alike Friday: African Europeans by Olivette Otele

African Europeans by Olivette Otélé

Africans or African Europeans are widely believed to be only a recent presence in Europe, a feature of our ‘modern’ society. But as early as the third century, St Maurice—an Egyptian— became the leader of a legendary Roman legion. Ever since, there have been richly varied encounters between those defined as ‘Africans’ and those called ‘Europeans’, right up to the stories of present-day migrants to European cities. Though at times a privileged group that facilitated exchanges between continents, African Europeans have also had to navigate the hardships of slavery, colonialism and their legacies.

Olivette Otele uncovers the long history of Europeans of African descent, tracing an old and diverse African heritage in Europe through the lives of individuals both ordinary and extraordinary. This hidden history explores a number of questions very much alive today. How much have Afro-European identities been shaped by life in Europe, or in Africa? How are African Europeans’ stories marked by the economics, politics and culture of the societies they live in? And how have race and gender affected those born in Europe, but always seen as Africans?

Caste by Isabel Wilkerson

In this brilliant book, Isabel Wilkerson gives us a masterful portrait of an unseen phenomenon in America as she explores, through an immersive, deeply researched narrative and stories about real people, how America today and throughout its history has been shaped by a hidden caste system, a rigid hierarchy of human rankings.

Beyond race, class, or other factors, there is a powerful caste system that influences people’s lives and behavior and the nation’s fate. Linking the caste systems of America, India, and Nazi Germany, Wilkerson explores eight pillars that underlie caste systems across civilizations, including divine will, bloodlines, stigma, and more. Using riveting stories about people—including Martin Luther King, Jr., baseball’s Satchel Paige, a single father and his toddler son, Wilkerson herself, and many others—she shows the ways that the insidious undertow of caste is experienced every day. She documents how the Nazis studied the racial systems in America to plan their out-cast of the Jews; she discusses why the cruel logic of caste requires that there be a bottom rung for those in the middle to measure themselves against; she writes about the surprising health costs of caste, in depression and life expectancy, and the effects of this hierarchy on our culture and politics. Finally, she points forward to ways America can move beyond the artificial and destructive separations of human divisions, toward hope in our common humanity.

On Savage Shores by Caroline Dodds Pennock

We have long been taught to presume that modern global history began when the "Old World" encountered the "New", when Christopher Columbus “discovered” America in 1492. But, as Caroline Dodds Pennock conclusively shows in this groundbreaking book, for tens of thousands of Aztecs, Maya, Totonacs, Inuit and others —enslaved people, diplomats, explorers, servants, traders—the reverse was true: they discovered Europe.

For them, Europe comprised savage shores, a land of riches and marvels, yet perplexing for its brutal disparities of wealth and quality of life, and its baffling beliefs. The story of these Indigenous Americans abroad is a story of abduction, loss, cultural appropriation, and, as they saw it, of apocalypse—a story that has largely been absent from our collective imagination of the times.

From the Brazilian king who met Henry VIII to the Aztecs who mocked up human sacrifice at the court of Charles V; from the Inuk baby who was put on show in a London pub to the mestizo children of Spaniards who returned “home” with their fathers; from the Inuit who harpooned ducks on the Avon river to the many servants employed by Europeans of every rank: here are a people who were rendered exotic, demeaned, and marginalized, but whose worldviews and cultures had a profound impact on European civilization.

The Dawn of Everything by David Graeber

For generations, our remote ancestors have been cast as primitive and childlike—either free and equal innocents, or thuggish and warlike. Civilization, we are told, could be achieved only by sacrificing those original freedoms or, alternatively, by taming our baser instincts. David Graeber and David Wengrow show how such theories first emerged in the eighteenth century as a conservative reaction to powerful critiques of European society posed by Indigenous observers and intellectuals. Revisiting this encounter has startling implications for how we make sense of human history today, including the origins of farming, property, cities, democracy, slavery, and civilization itself.

Drawing on pathbreaking research in archaeology and anthropology, the authors show how history becomes a far more interesting place once we learn to throw off our conceptual shackles and perceive what’s really there. If humans did not spend 95 percent of their evolutionary past in tiny bands of hunter-gatherers, what were they doing all that time? If agriculture, and cities, did not mean a plunge into hierarchy and domination, then what kinds of social and economic organization did they lead to? The answers are often unexpected, and suggest that the course of human history may be less set in stone, and more full of playful, hopeful possibilities, than we tend to assume.

[bbmct]

BBMCT: Initiate Medical Research at AIIMS Hospital

Clinical trials play a crucial role in advancing healthcare and providing innovative treatments to patients. One such trusted partner in conducting advanced clinical research is **British Biomedicine Clinical Trials (BBMCT)**, which collaborates with AIIMS Hospital to carry out world-class medical research. As one of India’s premier medical institutions, AIIMS provides a diverse patient base, cutting-edge facilities, and a commitment to ethical research, making it an ideal setting for clinical trials. This blog will explore why BBMCT at AIIMS Hospital is a beacon for excellence in clinical research.

## Esteemed Institution for Clinical Research

AIIMS Hospital, based in New Delhi, is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious medical institutions in India and the world. It is known for its state-of-the-art research capabilities and a longstanding legacy of medical excellence. The hospital is recognized for its commitment to improving healthcare through rigorous clinical research. In partnership with BBMCT, AIIMS is further strengthening its clinical trial programs by offering specialized facilities, experienced medical personnel, and advanced equipment. Together, BBMCT and AIIMS have become a leading force in the world of clinical trials, advancing medical knowledge and patient care.

## Access to Varied Patient Demographics

A unique advantage of conducting clinical trials at AIIMS Hospital is its access to a highly diverse and varied patient demographic. The hospital serves a wide range of patients, representing different socio-economic backgrounds, age groups, and medical conditions. This diversity allows clinical trials to gather valuable data that is more representative of real-world scenarios. For researchers, this diversity enhances the generalizability and applicability of trial results, ensuring that new treatments or drugs are effective across various populations. BBMCT leverages this broad spectrum to enhance the quality of its research.

## Advanced Research Facilities at Disposal

AIIMS Hospital is equipped with some of the most advanced medical and research facilities in the world. From cutting-edge laboratories to specialized treatment rooms, the infrastructure is designed to support a wide array of clinical trials. BBMCT benefits from this extensive research environment, which includes diagnostic technologies, research databases, patient monitoring systems, and more. These facilities ensure that clinical trials are conducted with the highest precision, accuracy, and safety, making AIIMS an ideal partner for research and medical innovation.

## Skilled Investigators Guarantee Quality Results

A crucial aspect of any successful clinical trial is the quality of the investigators. At AIIMS Hospital, BBMCT works with a team of highly skilled, experienced medical professionals and researchers. These investigators are experts in their respective fields, ensuring that every trial is conducted with the utmost care, attention to detail, and scientific rigor. Their expertise guarantees the reliability and credibility of the research findings, which ultimately contribute to the development of safe and effective treatments. With skilled investigators at the helm, BBMCT ensures high-quality clinical trials at AIIMS.

## Dedication to Ethical Research Standards

BBMCT, in collaboration with AIIMS, is committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards in clinical research. Ethical practices are fundamental to the integrity of clinical trials, ensuring that participants are treated with respect and their rights protected. This includes obtaining informed consent, ensuring patient privacy, and providing transparent information regarding the risks and benefits of participating in trials. AIIMS Hospital has a strong ethical framework in place, and BBMCT ensures that all research follows international guidelines, including Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and the Declaration of Helsinki.

## Robust Regulatory Compliance and Assistance

One of the key factors that make BBMCT at AIIMS Hospital a trusted partner in clinical research is the rigorous regulatory compliance. Clinical trials are subject to numerous local and international regulations to ensure the safety and well-being of participants. BBMCT ensures that all clinical trials conducted at AIIMS comply with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines and other regulatory bodies. In addition, BBMCT offers assistance with navigating the complex regulatory landscape, ensuring that all approvals are obtained promptly, and trials proceed without unnecessary delays. This ensures trials are conducted ethically and within legal boundaries.

## Streamlined Trial Management and Implementation

Effective management and implementation of clinical trials are essential for achieving reliable results. BBMCT, in partnership with AIIMS, streamlines the entire process —���from the initial planning phase to the final data analysis. They provide comprehensive trial management services, including patient recruitment, monitoring, data collection, and regulatory submissions. Their experienced team ensures that trials are conducted on schedule, within budget, and with minimal risk to participants. This efficient trial management system increases the likelihood of successful trial outcomes and accelerates the development of new therapies.

## Proven History of Successful Trials

BBMCT has a proven history of conducting successful clinical trials across multiple therapeutic areas. Their collaboration with AIIMS Hospital has further strengthened this track record, as the hospital provides a rich patient population and exceptional research resources. Over the years, BBMCT has successfully contributed to the development of new medications, treatment protocols, and diagnostic tools. The institution’s commitment to high standards, rigorous protocols, and reliable trial outcomes has earned them a reputation as a leading entity in the field of clinical research.

/media/a6f6f39252e758447bc48d131451b2d9

## FAQs About BBMCT and Clinical Trials at AIIMS Hospital

**1. What types of clinical trials does BBMCT conduct at AIIMS Hospital?**

BBMCT conducts a wide range of clinical trials at AIIMS Hospital, including those focused on oncology, cardiology, neurology, infectious diseases, and rare conditions. They collaborate with various pharmaceutical companies and research organizations to test new treatments, medications, and diagnostic tools.

**2. How does BBMCT ensure patient safety during clinical trials?**

BBMCT prioritizes patient safety by adhering to ethical guidelines, obtaining informed consent, and closely monitoring participants throughout the trial. AIIMS Hospital’s experienced healthcare team ensures that all necessary precautions are taken to minimize risks and protect participants during the research process.

**3. How can patients participate in clinical trials at AIIMS Hospital?**

Patients interested in participating in clinical trials at AIIMS Hospital should first consult their healthcare provider. If eligible, they will be provided with detailed information about the trial and the informed consent process. BBMCT ensures that all participants are fully aware of the trial’s scope, risks, and benefits before enrolling.

**4. What makes BBMCT’s research collaboration with AIIMS Hospital unique?**

The collaboration between BBMCT and AIIMS Hospital is unique because of AIIMS’ world-class medical infrastructure, skilled investigators, and diverse patient population. This combination ensures that clinical trials are conducted with the highest standards of care, precision, and ethical consideration, leading to reliable and impactful research outcomes.

**5. What is the regulatory process for clinical trials at AIIMS Hospital?**

BBMCT ensures that all clinical trials conducted at AIIMS Hospital comply with regulatory guidelines set by bodies such as the ICMR and the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). The regulatory process includes obtaining approvals from ethical committees, submitting trial protocols for review, and adhering to international standards like Good Clinical Practice (GCP).

## Conclusion

The partnership between BBMCT and AIIMS Hospital represents a powerful collaboration that leverages the strengths of both organizations in the field of clinical research. With AIIMS’ prestigious reputation, advanced facilities, and diverse patient base, and BBMCT’s commitment to ethical, rigorous trial management, this partnership is poised to advance medical science and improve patient outcomes. Whether you are a researcher, healthcare provider, or patient, BBMCT and AIIMS offer a reliable platform for conducting high-quality clinical trials. This collaboration continues to pave the way for the next generation of medical breakthroughs, ensuring that new therapies reach those who need them the most.

Subscribe to BBMCLINICALTRIALS YouTube channel for Research Insights

Be sure to subscribe to the **BBMCLINICALTRIALS YouTube channel** for exclusive access to the latest updates and in-depth insights into British Biomedicine Clinical Trials (BBMCT). Stay informed on cutting-edge research, clinical trial advancements, patient safety protocols, and breakthrough therapies being tested at AIIMS Hospital. Our channel provides expert discussions, industry trends, and detailed videos on the clinical trial process across various therapeutic areas. Whether you’re a healthcare professional, researcher, or simply interested in biomedical innovation, subscribing will keep you at the forefront of clinical research developments. Don’t miss out — join our community today!

[rajasthan-political-leader]

A Tribute to Dr. Manmohan Singh: A Visionary Leader Who Shaped India’s Path, Om Shanti: Col Rajyavardhan Rathore

We mourn the profound loss of Dr. Manmohan Singh, a humble yet towering figure in India’s history whose visionary leadership and unyielding wisdom shaped the trajectory of our nation’s progress. Col. Rajyavardhan Rathore expresses his heartfelt condolences to Dr. Singh’s family, acknowledging the immense void his departure leaves in the hearts of millions. Om Shanti.

Dr. Manmohan Singh’s contributions to India extend far beyond his roles as an economist, policymaker, and Prime Minister. His work reflected not just a deep intellect but also an unmatched commitment to the nation’s development and the upliftment of its people.

A Life of Service and Leadership

Dr. Singh’s journey from a modest background to the highest office in the country is a testament to his extraordinary determination and dedication. As an architect of India’s economic reforms in 1991, he played a pivotal role in liberalizing the economy, unlocking unprecedented growth, and steering India onto the global stage.

As Prime Minister, his tenure was marked by a focus on inclusive development, peace-building efforts, and strengthening India’s position as a responsible global power. Despite his immense achievements, Dr. Singh remained a paragon of humility and grace, earning the respect and admiration of friends and critics alike.

A Legacy of Wisdom and Vision

Dr. Manmohan Singh’s legacy is one of resilience, thoughtful leadership, and an unshakable belief in the potential of India and its citizens. His work will continue to inspire policymakers, leaders, and generations of Indians to strive for excellence while upholding the values of integrity and compassion.

In honoring his memory, we remember his profound contributions, not just as a leader but as a guide whose vision transformed challenges into opportunities.

Col. Rajyavardhan Rathore joins the nation in mourning the loss of this extraordinary leader. His thoughts and prayers are with Dr. Singh’s family during this difficult time. May his soul rest in eternal peace. Om Shanti.

[rishikul-123]

Admission Open for Class XI at Rishikul Vidyapeeth: Enroll Today for a Bright Future

Education plays a pivotal role in shaping a child’s future, and choosing the right school is one of the most important decisions for any parent or student. Rishikul Vidyapeeth, one of the most reputed schools in India, is pleased to announce that admissions are now open for Class XI for the upcoming academic session.

With a legacy of excellence in academics, extracurricular activities, and holistic development, Rishikul Vidyapeeth provides the perfect environment for students to thrive and excel.

Why Choose Rishikul Vidyapeeth for Admission Open for Class XI?

World-Class Infrastructure Rishikul Vidyapeeth boasts state-of-the-art facilities, including modern science and computer labs, a well-stocked library, and spacious classrooms designed to promote effective learning.

Diverse Subject Streams For Class XI, students can choose from a variety of streams, including:

Science: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Biology, and Computer Science. Commerce: Business Studies, Accountancy, Economics, and Mathematics/Informatics Practices. Humanities: History, Political Science, Sociology, Psychology, and more.

Expert Faculty The school prides itself on its team of highly qualified and experienced teachers who are dedicated to guiding students and fostering their intellectual growth.

Focus on Holistic Development At Rishikul Vidyapeeth, education goes beyond academics. The school emphasizes extracurricular activities, including sports, music, arts, and drama, to ensure the overall personality development of its students.

Career Guidance and Counseling Class XI is a critical phase where students start preparing for their future careers. Rishikul Vidyapeeth provides career counseling and guidance to help students make informed decisions about their higher studies and professional aspirations.

Safe and Nurturing Environment The school offers a secure and nurturing environment where students can learn and grow without any fear or inhibition.

Key Highlights of the Admission Process Eligibility: Students who have successfully cleared Class X with good academic performance are eligible to apply. Application Process: Visit the official website or the school office to collect the admission form. Submit the filled form along with required documents such as previous academic records and ID proof. Entrance Test/Interview: Shortlisted candidates may need to appear for an entrance test or interview as part of the selection process. Deadline: Admissions are open for a limited period. Interested candidates are encouraged to apply early to secure their seats. Why Class XI is a Turning Point Class XI marks the beginning of a new academic journey where students transition from general education to specialized subject streams. It lays the foundation for Class XII board exams and competitive entrance tests for higher studies. Choosing the right school, such as Rishikul Vidyapeeth, can make a significant difference in shaping a student’s academic and professional future.

Enroll Now for Admission Open for Class XI at Rishikul Vidyapeeth! Don’t miss this opportunity to provide your child with the best education and facilities. Admissions are now open for Class XI. Limited seats are available, so act fast to secure a bright future for your child.

For more information or to schedule a visit to the school, contact us today!

[top-leaders-in-india]

Tributes to Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee on His 100th Birth Anniversary: Col Rajyavardhan Rathore

Col Rajyavardhan Rathore, Cabinet Minister and a distinguished leader, paid heartfelt tributes to Bharat Ratna and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on his 100th birth anniversary. Recognizing Vajpayee’s monumental contributions to the nation, Col Rathore celebrated his legacy, describing him as an epitome of statesmanship, vision, and humanity.

Remembering Atal Bihari Vajpayee: A True Bharat Ratna

1. A Visionary Leader

Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s tenure as Prime Minister was marked by:

Transformative reforms in governance, infrastructure, and economy.

A firm commitment to national security and global diplomacy.

His remarkable ability to unite people across political and ideological divides.

2. The Voice of the People

Vajpayee’s speeches were not just words but an emotional connect with millions.

His oratory skills inspired and empowered citizens.

Through poetry and prose, he beautifully captured the soul of India.

Col Rajyavardhan Rathore’s Reflections on Vajpayee’s Legacy

1. Leadership Rooted in Values

Col Rathore praised Vajpayee’s leadership, emphasizing:

His unwavering dedication to democratic principles and integrity.

His ability to lead the nation through challenges with resilience and optimism.

2. A Beacon of Inspiration

Col Rathore remarked that Vajpayee’s life and work continue to inspire leaders across generations:

His vision of a strong, self-reliant India serves as a guiding light.

His emphasis on dialogue and consensus-building sets a benchmark for inclusive governance.

Key Contributions by Atal Bihari Vajpayee

1. Infrastructure Revolution

Vajpayee’s ambitious Golden Quadrilateral project transformed India’s road network, accelerating development and connectivity.

2. Nuclear Test at Pokhran

He demonstrated India’s strategic strength with the successful nuclear tests at Pokhran in 1998, firmly establishing India as a global power.

3. Economic Reforms

Vajpayee’s policies laid the groundwork for economic liberalization, fostering growth and innovation.

4. Kargil War Victory

As a wartime Prime Minister during the Kargil conflict, his leadership galvanized the nation and ensured India’s decisive victory.

Celebrating the 100th Birth Anniversary

1. Nationwide Tributes

Across India, citizens celebrated Vajpayee’s 100th birth anniversary with:

Cultural programs, poetry recitations, and seminars.

Special memorials and exhibitions showcasing his life and work.

2. Col Rathore’s Tribute

Col Rathore participated in local events in Rajasthan to honor Vajpayee, reiterating:

His gratitude for Vajpayee’s invaluable contributions to the nation.

A call for everyone to emulate his ideals and principles.

[colonelrajyavardhanrathore]

Maha Kumbh of Gems and Jewellery Begins in Sitapur: Inaugurated by Cabinet Minister Colonel Rajyavardhan Rathore

The vibrant city of Sitapur witnessed the grand commencement of the Maha Kumbh of Gems and Jewellery, a landmark event that celebrates the rich legacy and booming industry of gemstones and jewellery in India. The inauguration was graced by Cabinet Minister Colonel Rajyavardhan Rathore, whose presence added prestige to this much-anticipated gathering of artisans, traders, and industry leaders.

A Celebration of Craftsmanship and Industry Excellence

The Maha Kumbh of Gems and Jewellery is more than just an exhibition — it’s a confluence of tradition, innovation, and global opportunities. The event showcases India’s unparalleled expertise in gemstone cutting, jewellery design, and manufacturing, with Rajasthan standing at the forefront as a key contributor.

Key Highlights of the Inauguration

1. Inaugural Address by Col Rajyavardhan Rathore

In his speech, Col Rathore emphasized the importance of the gems and jewellery sector to Rajasthan and India’s economy, stating:

The sector’s contribution to employment generation and exports.

The need for innovation while preserving traditional craftsmanship.

Opportunities for India to establish a stronger foothold in the global market.

2. Unveiling New Opportunities

The event saw the announcement of several initiatives, including:

Government support for artisans and traders.

Policies to boost exports and attract international buyers.

Investments in technology to enhance manufacturing capabilities.

3. Interactive Sessions and Exhibitions

Artisans displayed exquisite handcrafted jewellery, highlighting India’s rich heritage.

Global buyers and traders engaged in discussions to forge long-term collaborations.

Cutting-edge technology in gemstone processing was showcased to underline the industry’s modern evolution.

Importance of the Gems and Jewellery Industry in Rajasthan

1. Economic Contribution

Rajasthan’s gems and jewellery sector contributes significantly to the state’s GDP and provides employment to thousands of skilled artisans.

2. Cultural Legacy

Rajasthan is renowned for its traditional designs and expert craftsmanship, which continue to attract both domestic and international buyers.

3. Export Powerhouse

Cities like Jaipur are pivotal in exporting high-quality gemstones and intricate jewellery to markets across the globe.

Col Rajyavardhan Rathore’s Vision for the Industry

As a strong advocate for Rajasthan’s development, Col Rathore envisions:

Enhanced global recognition of Rajasthan’s gems and jewellery.

Sustainable practices to ensure the sector’s long-term growth.

Greater support for artisans to preserve traditional methods while adopting modern techniques.

The Way Forward

The Maha Kumbh of Gems and Jewellery serves as a platform to:

Celebrate India’s legacy in the sector.

Foster collaborations between artisans, traders, and international buyers.

Highlight the role of government initiatives in driving growth and innovation.

With leaders like Col Rathore at the helm, the industry is poised to reach new heights, ensuring that India remains a global leader in gems and jewellery.

Conclusion

The inauguration of the Maha Kumbh of Gems and Jewellery in Sitapur marks a significant milestone for the industry. This grand event, led by Colonel Rajyavardhan Rathore, is a testament to India’s commitment to preserving its cultural heritage while embracing innovation and global opportunities.

[women-throughout-history]

Rani Abbakka Chowta

Rani Abbakka Chowta, a key figure in Indian history, was part of the Chowta dynasty ruling coastal Karnataka. Known as Abhaya Rani for her bold nature, she emerged as an early freedom fighter against foreign invaders and colonial rule. As the queen of Ullal, Abbakka staunchly opposed Portuguese dominance, refusing tribute payments in 1555. Abbakka also challenged economic subjugation by the Portuguese, insisting on trade for the welfare of her people. Despite personal challenges, including a strained marriage, she prioritised her daughter's well-being, ultimately rescuing her daughter from an unwanted marriage proposal and resisting political alliances that compromised her principles. Abbakka's administration and army was inclusive, with individuals from diverse sects and castes. She formed strategic alliances with influential leaders to fortify her position against Portuguese incursions. Regarded as a significant threat by the Portuguese, Rani Abbakka stands as an early beacon of the Indian freedom movement. Her legacy endures through historical accounts and a bronze statue in Bengaluru, commemorating her unwavering defence of Ullal and her pivotal role in India's struggle for independence. Yet her story remains unknown, often overshadowed by the stories of other famous figures.