#EPROM Programmer

[maidenariana]

Revealing a Rare 1983 Vintage Computing Gem - Christmas Day Unboxing 2022

[dinnickhowellslikes]

[commodorez]

I installed the Automatic Program Load option on my Data General Nova 1200's CPU board. It uses a weird open-collector N82S23N Programmable Read-Only Memory. Not an EPROM, just PROM -- you get ONE shot to program it right and if you screw it up, it's ruined forever. All that's needed to install it is a pair of sockets (or directly soldering it into the PCB, but I wouldn't recommend that).

[technician-the]

The classic EPROM!

Each of these chips has a meg or so of computer memory, Only erasable by shining ultraviolet light through the top window. They were used to store operating systems in computers (and some synths), game software in arcade machines, among other uses.

In modern electronics they have been mostly been replaced with the E-Eprom, which stands for electrically erasable programmable read only memory. A phrase which I manged to impress one of my collage professors by recalling without hesitation at 8 am.

In music, you see these quite often in 80s synths. the need for stable memory was higher then in computers of the time, so they often had more rom and less ram. For example, Most wave table synths had several eproms for wave form memory.

In the 90s you see a shift to non rewritable masked proms, driven by japanese companies (mostly yamaha). these proms offer more memory per chip, and the best long term stability, but require more testing, and large production runs.

[stevebattle]

RoPet (1984) by Christopher Skottegard (pictured right, last photo), Personal Robotics Corp, San Jose, CA. “Whether kit or fully-assembled, RoPet is designed to be easy-to-use, reliable, expandable, …and USEFUL: RoPet is your Robot Guard-Dog, requiring spoken password or it sounds the alarm!” RoPet is based around a 1MHz Z80 computer with 8K of RAM, and four free S-100 bus slots. ‘HomeSentry’, ‘VerbaLogo’, and ‘SpeechTrain’ software are provided on EPROM, supporting speech recognition and generation. “RoPet is an entirely self-contained personal robot which uses an on-board Z-80 computer for its operation. RoPet is available in 2 models: (1) RoPet-HR for consumers, is the complete fully assembled personal robot shown above and (2) RoPet-XR, for Hobbyists and Technical Professionals, provides the assembled base unit which has fully-exposed, easy-to-reach components. Both models are cartridge programmable and 3 Sample Cartridges are provided. All Software necessary to operate RoPet’s On-Board features is provided in permanent memory (ROM). Both Models can use the Optional Programmer’s Package which allow BASIC programs to be downloaded to RoPet from any terminal or a host computer having an RS-232 Standard Serial Output Port. Other Options include 56K Memory Expansion, one-half Mega-Byte Disc Drive, and Computerized TeleCommunications. RoPet-HR is expandable to soon include the Vacuum Cleaner, Arm, and “Butler” Serving Tray Options.”

[foone]

That "microprocessor" looks suspiciously like an EPROM, Peter!

They're programmable storage chips, and they have a quartz window so you can erase them (with UV light) when they need to be reprogrammed. They're not processors.

The Big Book of How Things Work by Peter Lafferty, 1990.

[martech360]

Semiconductor Chips Explained: Different Types and Their Uses

In today’s fast-paced technological landscape, there is a growing demand for faster and more efficient devices. This need, however, brings a significant challenge: balancing cost and energy consumption while enhancing the performance and functionality of electronic gadgets.

Introduction to Semiconductor Chips

Semiconductor chips are crucial in this regard. The global semiconductor market is projected to reach $687 billion by 2025, showcasing the transformative impact of these chips across various sectors, from computers and smartphones to advanced AI systems and IoT devices. Let's delve deeper into this billion-dollar industry.

What Is A Semiconductor Chip?

A semiconductor chip, also known as an integrated circuit or computer chip, is a small electronic device made from semiconductor materials like silicon. It contains millions or even billions of transistors, which are tiny electronic components capable of processing and storing data.

These chips are the backbone of modern technology, found in a vast array of electronic devices including computers, smartphones, cars, and medical equipment. Manufacturing semiconductor chips involves a complex, multi-step process that includes slicing silicon wafers, printing intricate circuit designs, and adding multiple layers of components and interconnects. Leading companies in the semiconductor industry include Samsung, TSMC, Qualcomm, Marvell, and Intel.

Types of Semiconductor Chips

Memory Chips

Function: Store data and programs in computers and other devices.

Types:

RAM (Random-Access Memory): Provides temporary workspaces.

Flash Memory: Stores information permanently.

ROM (Read-Only Memory) and PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile memory.

EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): Can be reprogrammed.

Microprocessors

Function: Contain CPUs that power servers, PCs, tablets, and smartphones.

Architectures:

32-bit and 64-bit: Used in PCs and servers.

ARM: Common in mobile devices.

Microcontrollers (8-bit, 16-bit, and 24-bit): Found in toys and vehicles.

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)

Function: Render graphics for electronic displays, enhancing computer performance by offloading graphics tasks from the CPU.

Applications: Modern video games, cryptocurrency mining.

Commodity Integrated Circuits (CICs)

Function: Perform repetitive tasks in devices like barcode scanners.

Types:

ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits): Custom-designed for specific tasks.

FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays): Customizable after manufacturing.

SoCs (Systems on a Chip): Integrate all components into a single chip, used in smartphones.

Analog Chips

Function: Handle continuously varying signals, used in power supplies and sensors.

Components: Include transistors, inductors, capacitors, and resistors.

Mixed-Circuit Semiconductors

Function: Combine digital and analog technologies, used in devices requiring both types of signals.

Examples: Microcontrollers with ADCs (Analog-to-Digital Converters) and DACs (Digital-to-Analog Converters).

Manufacturing Process of Semiconductor Chips

Semiconductor device fabrication involves several steps to create electronic circuits on a silicon wafer. Here’s an overview:

Wafer Preparation: Silicon ingots are shaped and sliced into thin wafers.

Cleaning and Oxidation: Wafers are cleaned and oxidized to form a silicon dioxide layer.

Photolithography: Circuit patterns are transferred onto wafers using UV light and photoresist.

Etching: Unwanted material is removed based on the photoresist pattern.

Doping: Ions are implanted to alter electrical properties.

Deposition: Thin films of materials are deposited using CVD or PVD techniques.

Annealing: Wafers are heated to activate dopants and repair damage.

Testing and Packaging: Finished wafers are tested, diced into individual chips, and packaged for protection.

Conclusion

Semiconductor chips are fundamental to the functionality of nearly every electronic device we use today. They have revolutionized technology by enabling faster, smaller, and more powerful devices. While the semiconductor industry has fueled job creation and economic growth, it also faces challenges related to sustainability and environmental impact. As we continue to push the boundaries of innovation, ethical practices are essential to ensure semiconductors remain vital to our modern world and shape our future.

[jeffreyrobertpalinjr]

To me, an AI's "binary/trinary/qubits code" is that AI's soul, so to speak. Is it possible that someone can create a "computer virus" that can attack/erase all of a "computer's/AI's ""binary/trinary/qubits code" & ""Boot media" program(s)"""?

If such a computer virus is able to be created, it "is or would be useful" in military warfare, but problematic in the wrong hands. For example, in the wrong hands, someone could make someone else's Tesla car stranded, leaving the "Tesla car and its owner" stranded. The owner might find a means to no longer be stranded but I don't know "what would happen regarding that Tesla car".

There have been multiple versions of ROM (Read-only Memory) over the years.

The original type of ROM had the memory contents physically encoded directly in the circuit architecture at the time of fabrication. This type of ROM can't be rewritten.

The next type of ROM was PROM (Programmable ROM) which can be written EXACTLY once by using high voltage to burn out parts of the circuit to encode the contents in the architecture of the circuit.

Then came EPROM, which was kind of like PROM, except you could reset the entire memory chip by exposing the chip to strong ultraviolet light, and then rewrite it from scratch.

Then came EEPROM, which allows reset and rewrite of individual pieces of the memory. Flash memory is a type of EEPROM. It is not really "read only memory" at all, because it is possible to repeatedly rewrite it, although in practice it is often used in systems that do not have the capability to rewrite it, either because rewriting is not implemented in the hardware or software. It can be written to, and then erased but does not need current to keep the data, which means when you shut your computer off, EEPROM keeps the information unlike RAM. So why not always use EEPROM? Because it's much much MUCH slower than RAM.

REALLY, at this point, the difference between RAM and ROM is that RAM is volatile and ROM is persistent - when you turn the computer off, all the data stored in RAM disappears, but the data stored in ROM doesn't.

Is it 100% impossible to write to read only memory? Could a hacker, for example, put a virus to a "read only factory reboot partition" of your hard drive?

So no, it isn't 100% impossible to write to read only memory, depending on the type of read only memory.

The "read only factory reboot partition" of a hard drive isn't even ROM, though. It's just normal space on the hard drive that is tagged "gee, you really shouldn't write anything here, because this is important," and most computer programs respect those tags and won't write to that data. If you have a piece of software that doesn't care about the read-only tags, then it will be perfectly happy to do anything you want to that partition.

As far as viruses through actual ROM devices, there was a pretty big uproar a while ago because someone figured out how to propagate viruses through the firmware chips (which are ROM) of USB devices and controllers. As far as I know, there aren't any real viruses in the wild using this method, but also as far as I know, the vulnerability hasn't been fixed.

[egns2fern]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--microcontrollers--8-bit/pic16c73b-20i-sp-microchip-1279256

Programmable microcontrollers, embedded microcontroller, Pic microcontrollers

PIC16 Series 192 B RAM 4 K x 14 Bit EPROM 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller - SPDIP-28

[williamthundley]

10 Best EPROM Programmer

Choosing the right EPROM programmer is key for electronics hobbyists and professionals. An EPROM programmer allows you to write data onto PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory chips.

This buying guide reviews the top 5 EPROM programmers to buy in 2024 based on compatibility, supported chip types, device interfaces, software, and price.

[dinnickhowellslikes]

[namanr]

Storage Accelerator Market Size, The Demand for the Market Will Drastically Increase | AMR is projected to reach $154.95 billion by 2030| Growing at a CAGR of 27.1%.

Storage Accelerator Market By Processor Type (CPU, GPU, ASIC, and FPGA), Technology (NAND Flash Memory, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), and Others), Enterprise Size (Small & Medium Enterprises and Large Enterprises), and Application (High-Performance Computing, Data Center Servers, and Others): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2021-2030.

The global storage accelerator market size was valued at $10.72 billion in 2020, and is projected to reach $154.95 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 27.1% from 2021 to 2030.

Download Research Report Sample & TOC:

Some of the major key players of the storage accelerator market include,

INTEL CORPORATION,

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.,

KIOXIA HOLDINGS CORPORATION (TOSHIBA CORP.),

MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.,

SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC,

KINGSTON TECHNOLOGY COMPANY, INC.,

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM),

Cisco Systems, Inc.,

NVIDIA CORPORATION.,

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO. LTD. (SAMSUNG)

[eobdtooluk-blog]

2023 Foxflash ECU Programmer Feedback: Read/ Write/Checksum OK

Here is the newest customer feedback about Foxflash ECU Chip Tuning Tool.

edc15 P+ BENCH Flash & eeprom Start

EDC15C3 (bench)– from Renault Laguna/ Read/Write OK

EDC15C13 (bench) — from Espace IV/ Read/ Write OK

EDC15C4 Full Flash R/W OK – obd-bench with 12v

edc15c13 renault BENCH Flash&eeprom Start

EDC16C1 E+F R/W OK – bench ok.

EDC16C9 bench R/W OK

EDC16C10 Read ok, Write ok, Checksum

Edc16c31 bmw bench r/w ok chck ok

EDC16CP31 BENCH DPF OFF R/W PERFECT

EDC16C3 R/W OBD CHECK OK

EDC16CP33 R/W OBD CHK INJCODE OK

Edc16c34 program disable while uploading, reads ok.

edc16u34. it worked reading and writing bench

EDC16CP35 READ/WRITE OK

EDC16C34 R/W OK Hardcut added & Car started perfectly psa

Edc16c39 can Read and write ok with obd Opel zafira B 1.9cdti 150cv

Edc16c39 fiat ducato obd R/W checksum ok

edc17c06 bmw BENCH, Read ok, Write ok, Checksum ok, car starts

edc17c08 bench ok

Edc17cp20 vag bench r/w ok chck okEcd17c70 obd ok

Edc17cp20, VR ok, write ok vw t6

Esc16c60 bench ok password unlock

EDC17CP01 V6 CDI Sprinter r/w ok bench

EDC7C3 bench r/w ok man bench

EDC17CP06 E+F R/W OK – bench

Edc17cp09 read/write ok chk ok

EDC17C10 Read ok, write OK, checksum ok bench

EDC17C11 bench R/W OK

EDC17Cp39 on Freelander 2 obd read write chk ok

EDC17C41_TC1797_ Bench bed written ok bmw

Edc17cv41 r/w cks ok.

edc17c42 bench R/W ok

Edc17cp44 bench read and write ok

EDC17CP45 BMW X6 D40 bench reading ok

edc17cp45 – “reading” (it is VR) via OBD. No file on DB but ID is working

Edc17c46 R/W bench OK!

edc17c50 TC 1797 BENCH r/w OK Mod Stage 1 with Display Calibration

EDC17CP54 on bench r/w all fine and easy. Cheksum with Winols.

Edc17c56 read ok Bench

edc17c59 BENCH Read ok, write OK, checksum ok opel

edc17c60 psa bench r/w ok

EDC17C64 bench R/W OK

Edc17c66 Mercedes r/w ok bench

Edc17c69 Iveco bench r/w ok chck ok

EDC17C79 Jeep Grand Cherokee full RW include checksum works OK

Edc17c84 r/w ok bench

EDC17C84 Opel vivaro 2018 with system adblue. with module 71

Delphi DCM3.5 R/W OK in JTAG

Dcm6.1 ford(psa) obd r/w ok chck ok

Dcm 6.2 obd ok

DCM6.2V Audi A3 2017 VR/Write ok

Dcm 7.1 boot ok

Crd2 Mercedes not work- read obd WRITE OBD FAIL- r/w ok by jtag

CRD3.10 Full bench read/write (flash+eprom) + auto checksum

Simos 8.10  obd  or boot car not start ecu problem

MEV17.4.2 READ MOD WRITE

ME 7.5 Full R/W , Stage1 all OK

Me7.6.2 opel bench r/w chck ok

ME7.6.3 Bench reading ok

MED9.1 bench R/W OK

medc17 bench R/W ok

MED17.2.5 R/W Ok Seam’s like a stable & Reliable tool, very Internet dependant.

Med 17.5.5 VW Scirocco 1.4 TSI 160CV Bench R/W – OK!

Med 17.7.7 Mercedes r/w ok bench

ME 17.9.6 read flash + eeprom ok

PCR2.1 Read MCU ID, ,Bench mode R/W, Online Patch unlock OBD, Checksum

MD1CP001 MB W213 2018y R/W OK , checksum calculated from the original file.

MD1CP014 bench r/w ok

MD1CS004 read + write OK audi

md1cs003 psa bench ok

Md1cs006 renault r/w ok bench

Mg1cs201 r/w bench ok

Mg1cs003 r/w bench ok

SID201 via OBD, success EGR OFF, read/write + checksum ok

sid206 obd read/write ok

Sid208 r/w ok

SID211 OBD OBDFORD TRANSIT ok

SID 305 tricore 1766 Micro Read/Write Boot Mode ok STG 1 DPF, EGR, DTC OFF.

SID310 READ PASSWORD, READ FLASH,READ EEPPROM, DTC OFF, FLASH WRITE, CHECKSUM

Sid803A PSA full system Clone done. Read in 15min, Write in 15min, Car Start

SID807 evo obd read ok, write mod ok. CHK MANUAL, program did not ask if it should correct or not

PCR2.1 obd vr/unlock/w ok

E83 full mode R/W dtc off, CS ok with ori file

E97 full system R/W ok

E98 bench r/w ok

MB175800 Denso Works Perfectly:)

FoxFlash Read & Write ECU Feedback: Success or Failure

[jeffreyrobertpalinjr]

Is "ROM's ("Read-only memory"'s) "embedded code"" "physical or digital"? If digital, "how is digital code, even if it's "embedded code"", ""absolutely impossible to erase" except via" solely "physical destruction" to the chip/etc containing the code?

There have been multiple versions of ROM over the years.

The original type of ROM had the memory contents physically encoded directly in the circuit architecture at the time of fabrication. This type of ROM can't be rewritten.

The next type of ROM was PROM (Programmable ROM) which can be written EXACTLY once by using high voltage to burn out parts of the circuit to encode the contents in the architecture of the circuit.

Then came EPROM, which was kind of like PROM, except you could reset the entire memory chip by exposing the chip to strong ultraviolet light, and then rewrite it from scratch.

Then came EEPROM, which allows reset and rewrite of individual pieces of the memory. Flash memory is a type of EEPROM. It is not really "read only memory" at all, because it is possible to repeatedly rewrite it, although in practice it is often used in systems that do not have the capability to rewrite it, either because rewriting is not implemented in the hardware or software. It can be written to, and then erased but does not need current to keep the data, which means when you shut your computer off, EEPROM keeps the information unlike RAM. So why not always use EEPROM? Because it's much much MUCH slower than RAM.

REALLY, at this point, the difference between RAM and ROM is that RAM is volatile and ROM is persistent - when you turn the computer off, all the data stored in RAM disappears, but the data stored in ROM doesn't.

Is it 100% impossible to write to read only memory? Could a hacker, for example, put a virus to a "read only factory reboot partition" of your hard drive?

So no, it isn't 100% impossible to write to read only memory, depending on the type of read only memory.

The "read only factory reboot partition" of a hard drive isn't even ROM, though. It's just normal space on the hard drive that is tagged "gee, you really shouldn't write anything here, because this is important," and most computer programs respect those tags and won't write to that data. If you have a piece of software that doesn't care about the read-only tags, then it will be perfectly happy to do anything you want to that partition.

As far as viruses through actual ROM devices, there was a pretty big uproar a while ago because someone figured out how to propagate viruses through the firmware chips (which are ROM) of USB devices and controllers. As far as I know, there aren't any real viruses in the wild using this method, but also as far as I know, the vulnerability hasn't been fixed.

"All things that are digital" are physical since the data and signals are physically in/on something physical and if that something physical gets entirely destroyed, all things digital in/on it get entirely destroyed with it.