#Disk Forensics

[forensicfield]

Safeguarding Digital Evidence: Best Practices in Disk Forensics for Indian Organizations

Protecting digital evidence has become crucial in the current digital era, as data breaches and cybercrimes are becoming more common. Digital forensics, or disc forensics, is a field vital to the investigation of frauds, cybercrimes, and.. #cyberforensic

Continue reading Safeguarding Digital Evidence: Best Practices in Disk Forensics for Indian Organizations

[datasanitization500]

https://datasanitization.in/

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

New perspective on supermassive black holes

Some of the first data from an international space mission is confirming decades worth of speculation about the galactic neighborhoods of supermassive black holes.

More exciting than the data, though, is the fact that the long-awaited satellite behind it—the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission or XRISM—is just getting started providing such unparalleled insights.

"We have found the right tool for developing an accurate picture of the unexplored orders of magnitude around supermassive black holes," Jon Miller, professor of astronomy at the University of Michigan, said of XRISM.

"We're beginning to see clues of what that environment really looks like."

The Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, or JAXA, which teamed up with NASA and the European Space Agency to create and launch XRISM, announced the new results, which were also published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Miller was the lead author of that study. He and more than 100 co-authors from around the world investigated what's called an active galactic nucleus, which includes a supermassive black hole and its extreme surroundings.

To do this, they relied on XRISM's unparalleled ability to gather and measure spectra of X-rays emitted by cosmic phenomena.

"It is truly exciting that we are able to gather X-ray spectra with such unprecedented high resolution, particularly for the hottest plasmas in the universe," said Lia Corrales, U-M assistant professor of astronomy and a co-author of both XRISM publications.

"Spectra are so rich with information, we will surely be working to fully interpret the first datasets for many years to come."

Accretion disks with a twist

Space exploration enthusiasts may know that the Chandra X-ray Observatory—what NASA calls its flagship X-ray telescope—recently celebrated its 25th anniversary of operating in space.

What's less well known is that, over the past 25 years, an international cohort of scientists, engineers and space agency officials have been attempting to launch similarly sophisticated, but different X-ray missions. 

The goal of these attempts was to provide high-quality, complementary data to better understand what Chandra and other telescopes were seeing. XRISM is now delivering that data.

With their data set, Miller, Corrales and their colleagues have solidified a hypothesis about structures called accretion disks near supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei.

These disks can be thought of like vinyl records made of gas and other loose particles from a galaxy being spun by the spectacular gravity of the black holes at their centers. By studying accretion disks, researchers can better understand what's happening around the black hole and how it impacts the lifecycle of its host galaxy.

By probing the center of a galaxy called NGC 4151, more than 50 million light years away, the XRISM collaboration confirmed that the disk's shape isn't as simple as once thought.

"What we're seeing is that the record isn't flat. It has a twist or a warp," Miller said. "It also appears to get thicker toward the outside."

Although suggestions of this more complex geometry have emerged in other data over the past two and a half decades, the XRISM results are the strongest direct evidence for it.

"We had hints," Miller said. "But somebody in forensics would say that we couldn't have convicted anyone with what we had."

The team also found that the accretion disk appears to be losing a lot of its gas. Again, scientists have theories about what happens to this material, but Miller said XRISM will enable researchers to find more definitive answers.

"It has been very hard to say what the fate of that gas is," he said. "Actually finding the direct evidence is the hard work that XRISM can do."

And XRISM isn't just allowing researchers to think about existing theories in new ways. It's enabling them to investigate parts of space that were invisible to them before.

The missing link

For all the talk of their gravitational pull being so strong that not even light can escape it, black holes are still responsible for creating a whole lot of electromagnetic radiation that we can detect.

For instance, the Event Horizon Telescope—a network of instruments on Earth sensitive to radiation emitted as radio waves—has enabled astronomers to zoom in and see the very edge of two different black holes.

There are other instruments on Earth and in space that detect different bands of radiation, including X-rays and infrared light, to provide larger, galaxy-scale views of the environs of black holes.

But scientists have lacked high-resolution tools to determine what was going on between those two scales, from right next to the black hole up to the size of its host galaxy. And that space between is where accretion disks and other interesting celestial structures exist.

If you were to divide the scale of the zoomed-out view of a black hole by that of its close-up, you'd get a number close to 100,000. To a physicist, each zero is an order of magnitude, meaning the gap in coverage spanned five orders of magnitude.

"When it comes to understanding how gas gets into a black hole, how some of that gas is lost and how the black hole impacts its host galaxy, it's those orders of magnitude that really matter," Miller said.

XRISM now gives researchers access to those scales by looking for X-rays emitted by iron around black hols and relying on the "S" in its acronym: spectroscopy. 

Rather than using X-ray light to construct an image, XRISM's spectroscopy instrument detects the energy of individual X-rays, or photons. Researchers can then see how many photons were detected with a particular energy across a range, or spectrum, of energies.

By collecting, studying and comparing spectra from different parts of the regions near a black hole, researchers are able to learn more about the processes afoot.

"We joke that spectra put the 'physics' in 'astrophysics,'" Miller said.

Although there are other operational X-ray spectroscopy tools, XRISM's is the most advanced and relies on a microcalorimeter, dubbed "Resolve." This turns the incident X-ray energy into heat rather than, say, a more conventional electrical signal.

"Resolve is allowing us to characterize the multi-structured and multi-temperature environment of supermassive black holes in a way that was not possible before," Corrales said.

XRISM provides researchers with 10 times better energy resolution compared with what they've had before, Miller said. Scientists have been waiting for an instrument like this for 25 years, but it hasn't been for a lack of trying.

If at first you don't succeed

Years before its 1999 launch, Chandra was initially conceived of as the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility, a single mission that would fly with state-of-the-art technology for both X-ray imaging and spectroscopy.

That, however, proved to be too expensive, so it was divided into the Chandra telescope and a spectroscopy mission called Astro-E, whose development was led by JAXA. Unfortunately, Astro-E was lost during its launch in February 2000.

JAXA, NASA and the European Space Agency all realized how important the tool was, Miller said, and worked together to essentially refly the Astro-E mission roughly five years later. This time, however, the mission was called Suzaku, named after a phoenix-like mythical bird.

"Suzaku made it into orbit, but its cryogenic system had a leak, so all its coolant leaked into space. Its prime scientific instrument never took actual data," Miller said. "There was a different camera on board for X-rays, though, and it did really nice work for about 10 years."

Within months of sunsetting Suzaku, the space agencies launched a third mission to provide the X-ray spectroscopy that the community was seeking. The mission took off as Astro-H in February 2016 and was renamed Hitomi after it entered orbit and deployed its solar panels.

Miller had traveled to Florida for a meeting about Hitomi right around the time disaster struck the mission. A maneuvering error sent Hitomi into an uncontrollable spin.

"It spun so fast that the solar panels flew off," Miller said. 

Less than 40 days after the launch, the space agencies lost contact with Hitomi.

"You could actually go out on the beach in Florida at night and watch it tumble across the sky," Miller said. "It flickered in a very unique way."

Before it ended, the Hitomi mission did manage to take what Miller quantified as one and a half scientific observations. That was enough to transform how researchers thought about galaxy clusters, which contain hundreds or thousands of galaxies, he said.

So it's fair to say that a lot was riding on XRISM when it launched in September 2023. Based on early returns, it sounds like XRISM is equipped to deliver. Miller and a handful of his global colleagues were among the first to see the data that would lead to their new report.

"It was very late in Japan, an odd time in Europe and we were all on Zoom. All of us had trouble finding the words," Miller said. "It was breathtaking."

Miller's original doctoral thesis project was meant to study data from the Astro-E mission, so he's been invested in this work for more than half his life and virtually his entire science career.

During that time, Hitomi and more successful missions like Chandra have been providing data that have enabled him and others in the field to further our understanding of the cosmos. But the researchers also knew they'd need something like the X-ray calorimeter on board XRISM to make the leaps they've been hungry for.

"It's been difficult at many points, but we kept getting hints about what might be possible," Miller said. "It's almost impossible to replicate these environments in earthbound experiments and we've been wanting to know a lot of the details of how they really work. I think we're finally going to make some progress on that."

TOP IMAGE: An artist's rendering of what's called an active galactic nucleus at the center of NGC 4151. The galaxy's black hole sits at the center, immediately surrounded by an accretion disk shown in blue.  Credit JAXA

CENTRE IMAGE: A schematic shows how the XRISM mission can take spectra from different parts of an active galactic nucleus: the thin, hot accretion disk; an intermediate zone called the broad-line region; and a cooler, more diffuse torus. Credit JAXA

LOWER IMAGE: XRISM has shown that the accretion disk surrounding a black hole in an active galactic nucleus is warped, confirming earlier hypotheses reflected in this artist’s conception from 2015. Image credit: International Center for Radio Astronomy Research

[itsbenedict]

From the beginning | Previously | Coin standings | 37 | 26

It strikes you that a place like t𝚑is is ideal for A PRO'S PORCINE GOATEE CORPORATE ESPIONAGE. If you'r𝖾 in a backup version of realit𝘺 with no people in it, all the workstations currently being used in reality should be 𝚞𝚗locked in this RAID disk. Which means... if you can figure out how to interpret some sort of medieval torture rack-type t𝗁ingy as a computer, you c𝚘uld read some of the Design Center's secret fi𝚕es! And you've got those DEVELOPER TOOLS, which might just be what ÿou neeđ for the job.

You jab α spiky box with a needle, and by magicks arcane, you gain access to the computer's filesystem. ሃou find the following files immediately, alongside a "com" that you'ʀe not sure wh𝚊t to 𝘥o with:

OUR_SPORTBALL_RECIPIENT, probably about wh𝚒ch sports te𝒂m the Ninelite Design Ce𝗇ter intends to sign a sponsorship deal with for the upcoming BARED ORDEAL.

QATAR:_A_FORENSIC_PERIOD, probably abou𝔱... uh, some sort of law-enforcement trend that ɦad to do with making a lot of use of forensics. In some country you've never heard of before.

REDISCOVER_ANXIETY_RUNE, probably aboutａplan to find and ωeaponize the long-lost Anxiety Rune that can psychologically destroy whoever reads it.

SPAM_CREATOR_GUESSERS, probably about the office's attempts to guess who exactly has been creating all the spam that's been filling up their inboxes. They'll nail the jer𝗄, no doubt.

Unfortunately, as soon as you connect to this filesyste𝚖, another alarm starts blaring! You've g𝚘t to get out of here before you're cornered by security!

Unless you really wan𝚝 to push your luck, you've only got time to decrypt and read one of these four files. Wḧat'll it be?

Continued | 37 | 25

[violent138]

I am always up for eldritch bats, tell me more

Hey, thanks for asking! Technically the concept goes, Bruce modifies himself -> it alters him in unexpected ways and brings him more in tune with the city.

Here's a snippet from the start of it:

Mission report. 

Bruce blinked past his concussion, laboriously typing up the events of the night, each finger aching as it moved on the keyboard. Bruce could feel scabs breaking off under the gloves, new blood binding the kevlar composite into his hands. 

Recently he'd realized that the reports needed to be started early, because he was prone to forgetting otherwise. 

His fractured hand moved clumsily over the keys, punching in letters describing the crime scene, his impressions, the evidence forensics had found. He frowned, struggling to recall exact numbers and deciding he could check footage later if needed. 

This was just a way to get his initial thoughts down, account for the limitations in the lenses. 

When the report was done, Bruce listed back against his chair, letting the chair support his back. A pressure headache tugged at his skull and Bruce knew he'd have to deal with the new spinal leak soon, but right now he didn't bother to move, the darkness of the Cave making the pain echo even more sharply through his bones and teeth. 

If he wanted to, Bruce could get up right now. He'd mastered every aspect of his body. Made torn muscles work, walked on broken bones. 

But the damage was particularly hard to ignore tonight. 

He’d long since stopped updating his own medical files, but he ran through an accounting of the present damage. Concussion, his second this week. Hand fracture, foot fracture, worsening labral tear in his hip. His injured jaw could barely move. He had a herniated disk, severe bruising.

[org4n-failur3]

Being your forensics girl pt.1

HOW THEY GET AWAY W IT

-

Education purposes only.

There’s no for sure way of them successfully getting away but here’s some things that don’t work

1. Burying an animal on top to cover the scent

This won’t work since k9 are trained to smell the difference between human and animal

2. Planting endangered plants on top

Police will be able to search via warrant or simply digging around the plant

-

If the person wants to throw off pathologists they could try preserve the body via Freezing but not all the time that works. Pathologists can still determine most exterior causes and most interior. But determining the time is hard, time of deth isn’t exact and in these cases since the body is frozen most postmortem symptoms don’t show.

-

Another thing, the person is most likely to get caught unless there is no witnesses no dna and have no connection to the person.

But no dna is very hard unless you are a genius and even the smartest get lazy and get caught. How they try not to get dna in the scene is with gloves, different size shoes, hair nets, making sure the person did not scratch them since the dna is under their nails, no sea men, no spit or bite marks

FYI bite marks don’t always prove it

-

On the psychological side they have to be careful and NEVER make a mistake. One way it happened is with floppy disks (what dumbahh) or by getting too c0cky

-

As always pls kindly correct me on anything

Ok byeeee

-Vivi

[roxannepolice]

No true crime story will ever beat the one where a guy had his wife murdered, wrote a love letter to his mistress, saved it on a floppy disk drive that pllice confiscated, went to the station and blatantly cut the disk with dumbass scissors, only for the forensic technician to painstakingly scotch tape it back together.

[data-recovery-malaysia]

Best Data Recovery Malaysia

The Superiority of SSD over HDD

When considering upgrading to a new SSD, it's important to understand the numerous advantages they offer over traditional HDDs. SSDs provide significantly faster data transfer rates, resulting in improved overall system responsiveness. Additionally, their lower power consumption leads to extended battery life, making them ideal for laptops. The absence of moving parts in SSDs not only increases durability but also ensures silent operation, unlike HDDs which produce mechanical noise during data access.

Data Recovery Malaysia

Furthermore, SSDs are lighter and more portable, making them a perfect choice for users on the move. These superior attributes position the new SSD as the preferred storage solution for modern computer systems.

Benefits of Switching to SSD

Switching to an SSD brings about enhanced system performance, minimizing waiting time for device usage and enabling smoother multitasking. Additionally, SSDs contribute to overall system cooling by generating less heat and result in faster software installations and updates, saving valuable time for users. With seamless data access, system lag is reduced, enhancing user productivity. The use of new SSDs and disk cloning software such as Macrium Reflect, Clonezilla, and MiniTool Partition Wizard is crucial for a successful transition from the old drive to the new one. Overall, the benefits of transitioning to SSD, whether for a new computer or upgrading an old one, are substantial and can significantly improve the overall user experience.

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Pre-Cloning Steps: Getting Ready for the Process

Before initiating the cloning process, safeguard vital data to prevent loss. Check if the new SSD has the required space for data accommodation. Prioritize creating a backup of existing data to mitigate any potential loss during cloning. To expedite the cloning duration and streamline data management, clear disk space on the source HDD. Ensure the source HDD functions optimally to prevent cloning corrupted data.

Choosing the Suitable Disk Cloning Software

When selecting disk cloning software, finding a reliable and user-friendly solution is essential. Ensuring compatibility with both source and target disks is crucial for a seamless cloning process. Look for additional features such as disk partition management and a detailed guide for enhanced control and user assistance. The right software can make the transition to a new SSD, like the Samsung SSD, a smooth experience. Make sure to consider popular options like Macrium Reflect and MiniTool Partition Wizard, ensuring that the chosen software meets your specific needs and provides the necessary support for your cloning process.

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[hackgit]

[Media] ​​macOS (and iOS) Artifact Parsing Tool

​​macOS (and iOS) Artifact Parsing Tool A DFIR (Digital Forensics and Incident Response) tool to process Mac computer full disk images (or live machines) and extract data/metadata useful for forensic investigation. It is a python based framework, which has plugins to process individual artifacts (such as Safari internet history, Network interfaces, Recently accessed files & volumes, ..) https://github.com/ydkhatri/mac_apt #cybersecurity #infosec #forensic

[smartdatarecoverykl]

Smart Data Recovery Kuala Lumpur

Data Recovery Kl

[steampunk483]

As a computer engineer, I would like to add: all of this is very good advice, and you should do everything in your power to avoid wrecking your flash drives. If, however, a drive does fail,

DO NOT PANIC!

You can fix this! At home! For free, even!

Step one: download a forensic disc imager. Most of them will work, but I personally use Exterro's FTK Imager. It is a professional-quality imager that is widely used in criminal investigations and other high-stakes digital forensics (like, national security kind of stakes, so you know it's reliable), and is also completely free for personal use. It's a good idea to read the documentation or find some kind of guide on how to use it before we proceed.

Step two: download a data recovery program. Again, most will work. I use DiskDigger, which is a good free option, but it doesn't work with Apple operating systems, so any Apple users will need to find another option. (Try checking alternativeto.net, it'll usually give you some good options.) Again, figure out how to use it before continuing; it'll save you a lot of trouble later.

Step 3: using the imager from step 1, make an image of your defective drive. This will make a perfect bit-for-bit copy of your drive and save it as a file (usually a .iso). Depending on how big the drive is, this may take a while.

Step 4: unplug your drive. We're not going to touch it again until we've sorted things out.

Step 5: mount the disc image you made in step 3. (If you aren't sure how, just search "mount .iso" our whatever file type you got in step 3.) From your computer's perspective, it's exactly the same as plugging in your drive. We'll be working with this virtual drive so that, if we mess something up, we can just go back to step 3 and try again.

Step 6: make a folder to put your recovered files into. Not strictly necessary, but it's helpful for keeping things organized.

Step 7: now you can use that data recovery program from step 2. (Exact details depend on the software you chose, but it's usually pretty self-explanatory.) Again, this'll take a while for larger drives. Also, they can sometimes struggle with more obscure file types

Step 8: sort through the output. While the contents of the files should be fine, the file names are probably gone (it's a side effect of the error that most commonly causes drive failures). Unless you had a really catastrophic hardware failure, or did something dumb with drive partitioning (like I did), you'll probably only have lost one or two files at the absolute most. More likely, everything is fine.

Step 9: once you've made sure everything is accounted for, unmount your disk image and put it in a zip file (or other compressed format). You can save this file to another drive, and come back to it later. (Alternatively, you can just delete it if you're sure you have everything.)

Congratulations! Barring some edge cases, you've completely recovered your data! For free!

At this point, you can reformat your hard drive. Be absolutely sure of the drive you're formatting, though; formatting the wrong disk can be very hard to recover from. If you're not comfortable doing this (I don't blame you tbh; it's kinda scary sometimes even for me, and I'm a computer engineer), ask a more tech-savvy or otherwise more confident friend to do this for you. Once this is done, you can put your files back onto your flash drive and use it as normal.

This works for any drive btw, not just small flash drives; I had to do this for a 2 terabyte external ssd where I accidentally overwrote the first 1.5ish gb, including the partition table (the file that holds stuff like folder structure, filenames, etc.). (I lost everything in that first chunk, but recovered everything else on that drive and then some (I found a bunch of album covers for albums I've never listened to, for example, and I have no idea where they came from).) The only exception is if you're trying to recover an hdd with a broken platter; once one of the those plates breaks, you're pretty much out of luck. If it's any other kind of drive, though, you'll probably be able to do it at home for free. And, in the event that you can't, that's when you take it to a professional -- and tell them what you've tried, they'll really appreciate it.

Side note: if you suspect that your drive failed due to a virus, don't do the recovery on your main computer. This is another case where it's probably better left to professionals, but you can still do it yourself. If you do, either get a cheap spare computer that you don't mind getting infected, or at up a virtual machine. I will note that even with these protective measures, this is still a bit risky, so I'd only recommend doing this if you really know what you're doing.

PSA- TAKE YOUR FLASHDRIVE OUT OF YOUR COMPUTER

If you are not using your flashdrive to actively back things up- TAKE IT OUT OF YOUR COMPUTER! DO IT NOW! RIGHT. NOW.

Yesterday one of my flashdrives stopped working. My mom took it to our local computer guy to find out what was wrong with it and the guy said the the ONLY way that it could POSSIBLY (not definitely, POSSIBLY) be recovered is by sending it to a FORENSICS COMPANY that charges NINE HUNDRED AND FIFTY DOLLARS ($950) as a flat rate for this service. IF the stuff can even be recovered.

The computer guy said that he has seen all types of flashdrives, no matter the quality, fail because people don't know that they need to take them out of their computers when they're not using them. A few of the things that can happen are the flashdrive can overheat or a virus could destroy it if your computer happens to pick up a virus.

I have thousands of pictures and videos on that flashdrive, precious, precious memories of kids I've worked with that I may never see again in my life and now I might have lost them because I didn't know to take my flashdrive out of my computer when I'm not using it. The cute pictures of my three new kittens I've been posting? On that flashdrive. Memories from holidays and birthdays and camping adventures might be lost forever.

TAKE. YOUR. FLASHDRIVE. OUT. OF. YOUR. COMPUTER!!!!!!

(please for the love of all that is good share this so other people don't have it happen too)

[govindhtech]

Mandiant Finds UNC5820 FortiManager For Data Exfiltration

Mandiant and Fortinet worked together in October 2024 to look into the widespread abuse of FortiManager appliances across more than fifty potentially compromised FortiManager devices in a range of businesses. A threat actor can use an unauthorized, threat actor-controlled FortiManager device to run arbitrary code or commands against susceptible FortiManager devices with the vulnerability, CVE-2024-47575 / FG-IR-24-423.

As early as June 27, 2024, Mandiant saw a new threat cluster that is currently monitor as UNC5820 taking advantage of the FortiManager vulnerability. The configuration information of the FortiGate devices controlled by the compromised FortiManager was staged and exfiltrated by UNC5820. Along with the users and their FortiOS256-hashed passwords, this data includes comprehensive configuration details for the controlled equipment. UNC5820 might utilize this information to target the enterprise environment, advance laterally to the controlled Fortinet devices, and further attack the FortiManager.

The precise requests that the threat actor made in order to take advantage of the FortiManager vulnerability were not yet documented in the data sources that Mandiant examined. Furthermore, as of this point in Google cloud study, there is no proof that UNC5820 used the configuration data it had acquired to migrate laterally and endanger the environment even more. It therefore don’t have enough information at the time of publication to evaluate actor location or motivation. Mandiant will update this blog’s attribution assessment as new information emerges from investigations.

A forensic investigation should be carried out right away by any organizations whose FortiManager may be exposed to the internet.

Exploitation Details

The first known instance of Mandiant being exploited was on June 27, 2024. Several FortiManager devices were connected to the default port TCP/541 on that day via the IP address 45[.]32[.]41[.]202. Around the same time, the file system stored the staging of different Fortinet configuration files in an archive called /tmp/.tm that was compressed using Gzip. The files and folders mentioned in below Table were included in this bundle.FilenameDescription/var/dm/RCSFolder containing configuration files of managed FortiGate devices/var/dm/RCS/revinfo.dbDatabase containing additional information of the managed FortiGate devices/var/fds/data/devices.txtContains a list of FortiGate serials and their corresponding IP addresses/var/pm2/global.dbGlobal database that contains object configurations, policy packages, and header and footer sensor configuration for IPS/var/old_fmversionContains current FortiManager version, build, and branch information

Mandiant noticed a second attempt at exploitation using the same symptoms on September 23, 2024. Outgoing network traffic happened soon after the archive was created in both exploitation scenarios. The size of the archive is marginally less than the number of bytes delivered to the corresponding destination IP addresses. The specifics of this action are listed in below Table .

The threat actor’s device was linked to the targeted FortiManager during the second exploitation attempt. Figure shows the timestamp at which the illegal FortiManager was introduced to the Global Objects database.

The threat actor’s unknown Fortinet device showed up in the FortiManager console after they had successfully exploited the FortiManager.

The files /fds/data/subs.dat and /fds/data/subs.dat.tmp contain additional indicators of the exploitation that include an associated disposable email address and a company name as listed in Figure .SerialNumber=FMG-VMTM23017412|AccountID= 0qsc137p@justdefinition.com|Company=Purity Supreme|UserID=1756868

Lack of Follow-On Malicious Activity

Mandiant examined rootfs.gz, the device’s initramfs (RAM disk) that is mounted to /bin. During the period of exploitation activity, did not discover any malicious files that had been produced or altered.

Affected clients who displayed comparable activities in their environments were alerted by Google Cloud. In order to help identify Fortinet device exploit attempts, Google Cloud Threat Intelligence also conducted retrohunts while creating detections for this activity and manually escalated Pre-Release Detection Rule notifications to impacted SecOps customers.

Apart from working with Mandiant, Fortinet made aggressive efforts to notify its clients in advance of their advise so that they may improve their security posture before it was widely made public.

Mitigation Strategies / Workaround

Restrict only authorized internal IP addresses from accessing the FortiManager admin portal.

Permitted FortiGate addresses should be the only ones allowed to connect to FortiManager.

Deny FortiManager access to unidentified FortiGate devices.

Available 7.2.5, 7.0.12, 7.4.3 and later (not functional workaround on 7.6.0). config system global set fgfm-deny-unknown enable end

Detection

YARA-L

IOCs mentioned in this blog post can be prioritized using Applied Threat Intelligence, and rules were released to the “Mandiant Intel Emerging Threats” rule pack (in the Windows Threats group) if you are a Google SecOps Enterprise+ customer.

Relevant Rules

Suspicious FortiManager Inbound and Outbound Connection

UNC5820 Fortinet Exploitation and File Download

UNC5820 Fortinet Exploitation and non-HTTPS Command and Control

UNC5820 Fortinet Exploitation and HTTPS Command and Control

Other SIEMs

Create searches for the following pertinent IOCs using Fortiguard logs. Specifically, if activated, the Malicious Fortinet Device ID need to deliver a high quality alert.

In the FortiManager logs, establish baselines and thresholds for distinct processes. Specifically, “Add device” and “Modify device” procedures can be infrequent enough for your company to issue a useful warning until this vulnerability is fixed.

In the FortiManager logs, baseline and establish thresholds for the changes field. When the word “Unregistered” appears in the changes field, take into account a higher sensitivity.

Every day, count the Fortigate devices and notify you when a device name that hasn’t been seen in the logs is detected.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Registered users can access a Google Threat Intelligence Collection of IOCs.

Read more on govindhtech.com

[ankitcrawsecurity]

Cyber Forensics Investigation Course in Delhi | CHFI Training

The rise in cybercrime has made Cyber Forensics Investigation an essential profession for law enforcement, corporate security, and IT experts. As the digital world expands, so will the demand for professionals capable of tracking, investigating, and resolving cybercrimes. If you want to succeed in this industry, the Cyber Forensics Investigation Course in Delhi by Bytecode is an excellent opportunity for students and professionals alike. This course, together with Certified Cyber Forensic Investigator (CHFI) training, will enable you to move forward in the field of cybercrime investigation and security.

What exactly is cyber forensics?

Cyber forensics, often known as computer forensics, is the process of collecting and analyzing digital data to reveal illegal activity. This involves restoring lost files, monitoring for unauthorized access, and investigating breaches of data. Cyber forensics investigators collaborate with law enforcement, private enterprises, and security teams to solve cybercrimes and preserve the legal chain of custody for digital evidence.

CHF I’s Role in Cyber Forensics

The Certified Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) credential is widely recognized and designed exclusively for professionals involved in cybercrime investigations. CHFI training will teach you how to identify and track down hackers, access encrypted data, and do thorough forensic analysis.

Why Take a Cyber Forensics Investigation Course?

In today’s cyber-driven world, every industry — whether banking, retail, or healthcare — depends on digital infrastructure. This reliance has also left enterprises vulnerable to cyberattacks. A Cyber Forensics Investigation Course teaches you not only how to detect possible security threats, but also how to conduct effectively conducted successful investigations.

What makes our course unique?

Our Cyber Forensics Investigation Course in Delhi has been authorized and recognized by industry organizations. Here’s what separates us:

Globally Recognized Certification: The CHFI certification is widely regarded, adding significant value to your resume.

Flexible studying Options: We provide flexible scheduling for students and working people, making it simpler to coordinate studying with other responsibilities.

Placement Assistance: Our extensive industry ties ensure that our students are placed in top firms across all sectors.

This Cyber Forensics Investigation Course in Delhi by ByteCode will teach you how to:

Gather, analyze, and display digital evidence.

Recover data from a damaged or hacked device.

Understand the legal implications and processes in digital forensics.

Perform live investigations and recover files from a variety of operating systems and situations.

This course is suitable for both students and working people looking to improve their skills and enter a fast-growing area.

The CHFI course syllabus by bytecode includes:

Module 01: Computer Forensics in today’s World Module 02: Computer Forensics Investigation Process Module 03: Hard-Disk and File System Module 04: Data-Acquisition and Duplication Module 05: Defeating Anti-Forensics Techniques Module 06: Windows Forensics Module 07: Linux Forensics Module 08: Network Forensics Module 09: Web Forensics Module 10: Dark Web–Forensics Module 11: Cloud forensics Module 12: Email-Forensics Module 13: Malware Forensics Module 14: Mobile forensics Module 15: IOT Forensics

Course Duration

Course Duration: 40 Hours

Course Level: Intermediate

Included: Training Certificate

Language: English, Hindi

Course Delivery: Classroom Training

Course pdf: Click here to Download

Who should enroll?

The Cyber Forensics Investigation Course in Delhi is suitable for:

IT experts wishing to pursue careers in cybersecurity and forensics.

Law enforcement officials are interested in cybercrime investigations.

Students searching for jobs in computer science, cybersecurity, or digital forensics.

Corporate security personnel are responsible for protecting firm data.

Whether you are just starting out in your career or are an experienced expert, this course will give you the information and hands-on experience you need to become successful in cyber forensics.

Frequently Asked Questions :

What is the scope of cyber forensics?

Law enforcement agencies are currently looking for highly skilled and certified cyber forensics investigators to carry out specialized investigative procedures in the area of cyber forensics, given the increasing number of digital evidence in crime cases and the constant attempts of criminals to tamper with such proof to evade detection.

What is CHFI (Certified Hacking Forensic Investigator)?

CHFI is a worldwide recognized certification that specializes in cyber forensic investigation. The course teaches information and practical skills for investigating hacking incidents, recovering encrypted files, and gathering digital evidence.

What is the duration of the Cyber Forensics Investigation Course?

Course Duration: 40 Hours

Course Level: Intermediate

Included: Training Certificate

Language: English, Hindi

Course Delivery: Classroom Training

Course pdf: Click here to Download

How do I enroll in the Cyber Forensics Investigation Course at Bytecode?

You can visit our website for more information about the course and enrollment process. Alternatively, feel free to contact us for further assistance.

Our Social media presence :

Facebook — https://www.facebook.com/CrawSec/

Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/crawsec/

Twitter — https://x.com/crawsec

Linkedin — https://www.linkedin.com/company/crawsec/

Youtube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1elk7oN-w_hoJDwC4_CJVg/featured

Address: Bytecode Cyber Security

R31/ 32, 2nd floor, Jandu Tower,

Vikas marg, Shakarpur,

New Delhi 110090

Contact No: +91–951 380 5401

Email id: training@craw.in

For more details on our course, click here to visit our website.

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The Right Data Recovery Houston Company for Your Needs

The right data recovery in Houston company is crucial for restoring lost or corrupted data effectively. Look for a provider with a proven track record, certified technicians, and a transparent process. Ensure they offer a free diagnostic and have a strong reputation for customer service. Selecting the right company can make all the difference in recovering your valuable data swiftly and securely.

Understanding Your Data Recovery Houston Needs

When it comes to data recovery in Houston, identifying your specific needs is crucial. Data recovery services can range from simple file restoration to complex disk repairs. Assess whether you need to recover lost files from a failed hard drive, a corrupted RAID system, or a damaged SSD. Understanding your requirements will help you choose the right data recovery Houston company that specializes in the type of recovery you need.

Evaluating the Expertise of Data Recovery Houston Providers

Not all data recovery companies offer the same level of expertise. It’s essential to evaluate the qualifications and experience of potential data recovery Houston providers. Look for certifications, such as those from the International Society of Forensic Computer Examiners (ISFCE) or other relevant bodies. A reputable company should have a track record of successfully handling various types of data recovery cases, from individual file restoration to complex system repairs.

Assessing Technology and Tools Used by Data Recovery Houston Companies

The technology and tools used by data recovery Houston companies play a significant role in the success of data recovery operations. Ensure that the company employs advanced data recovery tools and technologies, such as clean room facilities for physical repairs and specialized software for logical data recovery. Companies with state-of-the-art equipment are more likely to achieve successful recovery results.

Considering Turnaround Time for Data Recovery Houston Services

Turnaround time is a critical factor when choosing a data recovery Houston company. Depending on the urgency of your data recovery needs, some companies may offer expedited services. Inquire about the average turnaround time and whether the company provides options for emergency recovery. A quick response can be crucial if you’re dealing with time-sensitive data.

Reviewing Customer Testimonials and Success Stories

Customer reviews and success stories can provide valuable insights into the reliability of a data recovery Houston company. Look for testimonials from clients who have had similar data recovery needs. Positive feedback and case studies showcasing successful recoveries can help you gauge the company’s effectiveness and customer satisfaction.

Comparing Pricing Models for Data Recovery Houston Services

Pricing is an important consideration when choosing a data recovery Houston company. Different companies may have varying pricing models, such as flat rates or charges based on the complexity of the recovery. Obtain quotes from multiple providers and compare them to ensure you’re getting a fair price. Be cautious of extremely low prices, as they may indicate subpar service or hidden costs.

Evaluating Customer Support and Service Quality

Customer support is an often overlooked aspect of data recovery services. A good data recovery Houston company should offer excellent customer support throughout the recovery process. This includes clear communication, regular updates, and a willingness to answer your questions. Reliable customer support can make the data recovery experience smoother and less stressful.

Conclusion

Choosing the right data recovery Houston company is a critical decision for successfully retrieving your lost or damaged data. By understanding your needs, evaluating expertise, assessing technology, considering turnaround times, reviewing testimonials, comparing pricing, and evaluating customer support, you can make an informed choice. Prioritize these factors to ensure you select a data recovery Houston provider that best meets your requirements and delivers high-quality service.

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Tails OS

Have you ever traveled and succumbed to using a public computer that could be compromised and could potentially steal your data? Or even want to increase your privacy and anonymity against surveillance? The Tails operating system covers this. After doing some Tor browser surfing, I recently discovered Tails and decided to dig deeper into it and play around with it as I am always looking for new tools and protection measures, I can learn and use. Tails, or “The Amnesic Incognito Live System", is a security-focused Debian-based Linux distribution that connects to the internet only through the Tor network. works by routing internet traffic through a series of volunteer-operated servers called nodes or relays. Each user's data is encrypted multiple times and then sent through a randomly selected path of these nodes before reaching its final destination. At each node, one layer of encryption is removed, revealing only the next node in the path, like peeling layers of an onion, hence its logo and nickname.

Tail's most notable feature is its ability to boot from a USB or CD to turn any computer into a temporary” secure” machine by creating an almost ghost-like presence on the machine. When using Tails nothing is written to the hard disk and only runs from the memory on the computer. On top of this, Tails will actually overwrite the memory when exiting to prevent any cold boot attacks. Meaning, that once you shut down the OS all of your actions and information will be erased from memory. This is much more secure than just using incognito mode in your browser because that information could still be retrieved using computer forensics measures. Despite all this, Tails is not a hundred percent secure. There is still room for vulnerabilities like everything in the cyber realm and you do have the ability to sore data on the portable device to transfer between sessions and it is automatically encrypted, but this can be another vulnerability.

Fun fact: Tails it was used by Edward Snowden the ex-N NSA employee who leaked government secrets.

Sources:

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  Data Recovery Provider Company

Data Recovery company employ different methods for data retrieval. When the client requires the data immediately, they may have to rely on one method whereas if they can be given time they might be able to test other cheaper methods as well. Our company offer all kinds of software and products to help in the recovery of data. Our Company range from large businesses to small shops and from dedicated shops that offer only data recovery services to other companies that offer a wide array of computer related products and services - Hard Disk Data Recovery.

Our experts have experience with many different storage technologies and can successfully recover data from the oldest to the most recent. Our data recovery specialists can access and extract photos and files from any portable storage media that has experienced a data loss.  If you experience a data loss emergency at anywhere trust Now Data Recovery Services the world’s leader in data recovery. Backed by the our team, we have the knowledge and ability to address your data recovery needs - SSD Data Recovery.

We are specialized in the recovery of all kind of data from servers, database, desktops, laptop data recovery and pen drives etc. At Now Data Recovery, We concentrate on recovering data from all forms of devices. We maintain a high percentage of overall success rate, and our skilled team of expert always strive to discover innovative solutions to media failure issues. We provides you all types of data recovery services with ease, for over the years and now established as a well-reputed and reliable one with more than satisfied customers all over.

Whether you are an individual or representing an organization, we are going to tailor our digital forensics service to satisfy your wants. Recover accidentally deleted or shift deleted important files as well as emptied recycle bin unconsciously. We provide users with solutions for device content management, data recovery, password recovery, system repair, and other practical mobile phone and computer essentials. For more information please visit our site https://www.nowdatarecovery.com/