#Discharged CD Compilation

[savage-kult-of-gorthaur]

ONE OF THE EARLIEST DOCUMENTS OF PURE DISCHARGE WORSHIP ON ONE COMPACT DISC.

PIC(S) INFO: Spotlight on the international D-beat/crustgrind/'90s hardcore punk CD compilation, "Discharged," collecting 16 tracks by nine different bands, from four different countries, all covering the mighty DISCHARGE. The album was released on both CD and media formats in 1992 under the UK's Preach label.

Band's featured on the compilation include: EXTREME NOISE TERROR, CONCRETE SOX, DISASTER, EXCREMENT OF WAR, and RAW NOISE (all from the UK). NAUSEA (US crust punk), SCAMP (Swedish hardcore), & Japan's S.D.S. and C.F.D.L. (formerly known as CRAZY FUCKED UP DAILY LIFE).

Dis nightmare still @$!*#&% continues!!

Source: www.discogs.com/release/1062819-Various-Discharged.

[k-i-l-l-e-r-b-e-e-6-9]

Discharge – You Take Part In Creating This System

[slavghoul]

Something from the archives.. Tobias talking about what he loves talking about the most - the music he listens to. I lost the original source but I think it was an issue of Classic Rock from around 2018?

--

Your first record LOVEGUN by Kiss. Around the same time I also got SHOUT AT THE DEVIL by Mötley Crüe and STAY HUNGRY by Twisted Sister. As a kid I bought a lot of albums, a lot of sixties and Kiss records. The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, The Doors. Stuff like that.

The last record you bought I buy a lot of old albums. And also a lot of records that I already have. And this tour was so busy that I actually bought very few because I didn't have time at all and normally I buy something almost every day. It can be anything - from a new album to another copy of LED ZEPPELIN II. One of the last records I bought was an original pressing of the debut of a band called Affinity.

A record that changed your life A lot of them! I've been listening to rock records since I can remember. A lot of them had a big effect on me. SEVEN CHURCHES by Possessed had a big impact on how I feel about death metal. Because the temperament of that album is so youthful - and as a teenager I could relate to that.

A record you have listened to the most It circulates with me, I rotate through them. There are about 50 albums that come into mind. I'm bad at answering questions like that, because I don't listen to just one thing. One moment I think I need to listen to FROST by Enslaved, which brings me to IN THE NIGHTSIDE ECLIPSE by Emperor. So I spend a whole afternoon listening to Norwegian Black Metal. And then suddenly I think: Oh, Foreigner! Which brings me to Jefferson Starship and Toto. Next up is Discharge and GBH. But what I always like to listen to are, for example, STRANGE DAYS by The Doors, A SAUCERFUL OF SECRETS by Pink Floyd or STRANGER THAN FICTION by Bad Religion.

Favourite album cover art Again: many. I don't think I have one in particular, but there are a few designs that hit the nail on the head. Even though I like big graphic artwork like Iron Maiden's or Pink Floyd's, I think some of the coolest ones are very simple; you could easily make a poster or t-shirt of them. Venom's BLACK METAL, for example. Simply because it's so iconic. Or MORBID TALES by Celtic Frost, which people can easily paint on their jackets.

A record you would recommend to your best friend There are definitely a few records that I wish my wife would like as much as I do. I listen to a lot of music that other people might not find very interesting: prog. Twenty minutes of instrumental drone. It's almost a joke in our house: she always comes home just as someone is screaming or the drum solo is playing. IN THE COURT OF THE CRIMSON KING has these beautiful, melancholy ballads, but there are also a few sections bordering on noise. SHEIK YERBOUTI by Frank Zappa is the same. There are a lot of real songs on it, but there's a side on the record that's basically just noise. When my wife comes home, it's always at that exact moment and she’s like "Why do you only ever listen to noise?"

A record you would offer to your worst enemy An album I like but can't listen to that often - and I know if people don't see its humorous side it's hard to listen to - is PHILOSOPHY OF THE WORLD by The Shaggs. I can imagine that many people find it excruciating. Sadistik Execution or Impaled Nazarene is pretty unpleasant too if you're not a fan of extreme music.

An album you listen to in the car I have a bunch of CDs in my car and I usually go with samplers or best-of compilations. I mostly get them at the gas station when I stop to fill up the car. I have best-of compilations from Ozzy Osbourne, Fleetwood Mac, Judas Priest, Johnny Cash, Dio and some Swedish stuff you might not know. I like to listen to feel-good music that I can dream to and lose myself in when I drive.

A record on which you would have liked to play yourself I don't know. That would suggest to me that I would want to live someone else's life or change something. There was a big rock wave in Sweden and Norway in the early noughties - and sometimes it upsets me when a guitar solo stays too bluesy. I want the solos to be bigger, more meaty, to have a bigger ego. Show that you have balls!

Favourite albums from your parents' record collection I inherited a lot of records from my mom. She reacquainted herself with numerous albums when I was a child too, because she lost a lot of records in a divorce in the early seventies. So in the mid-eighties - because I was so interested in it - we bought many of them again. Before that we only had a handful of Beatles albums. We'd go to record stores and she would see a record she remembered and go "Oh, this one is good!". She liked LET IT BLEED by the Rolling Stones and played it for me a lot.

[hwarang-number]

💕 Cool stuff I acquired amidst the SHINee Reunion/Taemin Comeback Craziness* 💕

*but didn't post about because everyone including me was a smidge preoccupied for like 3 weeks 🥴

This arrived a few hours after Taemin's Act 2 Vlive... 🤭

Yes, it's literally a 2min fan compilation from the old days. 🤭😆🥰

One of my favorite US eBay vendors had it for a reasonable price, and I came into this fandom so late that I've literally never seen anything 2min for sale. So I couldn't not! (I haven't watched it yet, but I got a region-free DVD player on Prime Day, so... ☺️)

These (@g-m-kaye 's fairytale-worthy SHINee tarot card prints 😍) arrived the same day, if anyone missed the initial squee. 😁

It was a very good day. 🥰

These were actually two separate purchases from a favorite seller in Japan, who always includes a tiny origami crane with your order. 😁

I've been wanting SHINee in Wonderland stuff since I knew it existed, but it's super-rare at this point in time - a full box (10 packs containing 5 cards each) runs $80-100, if you can even find one, and individual cards sell for upwards of $5 apiece. (I actually tried to get a couple thru auctions, but the bidding ultimately went up to $15-20 apiece, which was way too high, in my opinion.) These were each around $55-65, including DHL 2-day shipping (card packs had been neatly opened, which we knew about, and cards were all present and intact).

Unnie and I are going to split up the cards eventually (between ourselves and Eomma, though she doesn't know that yet! 😆) and each keep one of the boxes. We got a few duplicates, as expected, but we also got most of the ones we really wanted. (And in my humble opinion, the best-looking one in here is the baby. 😍 HANDS-DOWN.)

This arrived the day Minho was discharged, which I decided meant that Jonghyun wanted to be there for the reunion too. 💕

Did I buy this just for "Inspiration"? (Can you think of a better reason?? 🤭) Maaaaybe, in part, but the seller offered me an amazing deal (basically, half the price it usually sells for, and it was still new/sealed), and I'm genuinely looking forward to checking out all the other tracks. It's a positive glut of SM digital-only releases with little hidden gems throughout.

This was one of those eBay listings where you're like, "Did they put the price in right?? 😳" 13 Seeks (Vol 2-14) for $77 (plus a smidge of tax), including 2-day shipping from Japan.

For perspective, I bought Vol 4 by itself awhile back (because hello, it's the SHINee ships issue! 🤭) from a favorite US seller who really likes to match/beat prices, and I think I paid about $28 for it.

The seller had discounted the lot for small damages, but the worst Unnie and I found in here were a few bent corners and scuffs on the binding - very minimal imperfections. The mags are still glossy and the contents are (as far as I can tell) PERFECT. 😍

But the pièce de résistance would have to be:

$65. Including 2-day FedEx from Japan. 😭😭😭

The seller didn't provide many details in the listing, so Unnie thought it might just be the CD/DVD w/ pic cards of the members (she bought a set of similar cards from Kimi no Seide awhile back), but the listing had a ton of hits as soon as it listed, and I knew that if it truly contained everything it looked like (and at that price!), I'd be an idiot if I didn't buy it.

It did indeed include all five member CDs, plus the CD/DVD, and only Jonghyun and Onew's have been opened (and they still have the OBIs in their sleeves).

But best of all the things:

😭💓😭💓😭

(I mean, I would've been sorely tempted to buy this set just for the Jonghyun sticker.)

[alchemisland]

Mike’s list of Irish punk bangers

Recently I’ve been attempting to recall the results of a certain patch-decked census, namely the list of one-off punk bands I’ve seen over the years. Next came another, more troubling thought: if tomorrow morning a hemorrhage turned my wits to water, who would wrest this mantle and detail those defunct Irish punk and metal bands who split without leaving behind a recording? If not I, then who?

Rather than spouting a list of band names so unheard as to seem almost religiously profane when uttered aloud, I recall only the time when conjuring a selection suchlike was easy and did not require considerable aforethought, which counts as work and is thus un-punk. 

Perhaps it’s misremembrance which worries most. 

Striving to immortalize these rarities which, like rare nightbugs, enter one’s ear and soon thereafter die, I will compile these annals myself. I’ve opted for a regular selection of arbitrary Irish underground and alternate tunes. Mostly punk and extreme metal, although there’s post-punk, bassy weirdness, drone, rock&roll and hip hop throughout.

I haven’t yet considered breakdown metrics. By subgenre or county of origin perhaps, but that’s for a future iteration to say. Just count your good sense badges and be glad I didn’t use the originally planned ‘Pale Shadows’ and ‘From the Bog’ headings for Dublin and rest-of-country songs respectively.

From the forge of Hephaestus to your plateless breast, three of my favourite underground Irish songs:

Violins is Not the Answer - Sick

Unless someone’s asking what luthiers make, Violins is Not the Answer. However, Violins were someone’s answer when they tore the tucked shirt off Galway punkdom with their raucous 2011 debut Green Diesel and Poitin. It’s a time-tested sob story of Irish scene cohesion that lets so fresh a band go unnoticed, unhailed and handsomely unkempt outside their home county; it’s this exact myopia, although antipode, which confined Lovecraft in Rhode Island and left Howard’s hypothalamus on the dash under a Cross Plains sun. 

Aside from the band themselves, I doubt there’s another  person alive who has heard this album more than I. I’ve proudly flown that battered, cider-stained flag throughout a local and global invasion until Violins, not 42, became the answer, at least for me.

Has it really been that long? Eight years on it still excites much as the first time. Its engine-revving opening track conjures images of sputtering roadsters chewing the starting line of a Mad Max outback race, while the final upstroked riddums of its GBH-esque closer Sick promises the tinny best of Shitty Limits alongside the sombre heights of FNM’s Midlife Crisis.

Guitars that sound like they’re being played with chainmail’d fingers, vorpal bass tapping, ska pick it ups to HxC stick it ups (middle fingers in this instance), Green Diesel crams a maelstrom of alt genres into a curt 26-ish minute runtime. Ben’s phlegm-tinged vocals lead the sonic vanguard, bolstered and occasionally shelved in favour of fireman-cum-drummer Donal’s softer warble on cryptid welfare anthem Vampire on the Dole.

Sick is my favourite tune. The song, the album’s only track exceeding a three minute runtime, combines everything that makes Violins worth ear-time in the epoch of overchoice. Although Class Ayes and Dickheads Picnic deliver the nutkicks exactly how frontman Ben, of Psychopigs, Hardcore Priests and Doppelskangerz fame, wants them delivered, Sick offers a sample book of greatness to come across two recorded albums. Containing an otolaryngologist-approved mix of harsh shouting and actual singing, Ben’s disarming foghorn timbre sweeps us slowly toward the finish after a suppressing fire of growled insistence, “You ain’t never gonna come//between me and my bottle.”

Fans of short time good time are well served with riffy tunes in the vein of punchier Propagandhi songs, albeit playfully apolitical. Littered with in-jokes and avowedly pro substance, these tracks stink of fun in the studio, a subterranean lodge affectionately christened the Fritzl Bunker. Even angry songs fizz with youthful energy. It makes me want to drink malibu from a shoe in GG Allin’s house. It rouses me to a bubbling zenith of bacchic hedonism which Andrew W.K. can’t hold a candle to. 

There’s much here not found elsewhere; adjoining on Keytar Mr Jimmy Penguin of Skratch Games fame, his genius confined only by the breadth of his current interest; also the album’s producer. You can tell Jimmy put work on this record. Every groove is warm and tipped to perfect balance with just the right amount of hiss; right in the sense that it’s sometimes wrong. 

Since disbanded, there’s two albums worth of raw riffage to enjoy. From Refused rip-offs and Exploited shouts-outs to Elvis Costello tracks played backwards, find this album, buy a CD and tell your Granny this picnic is for dickheads.

I’m rambling. Violins is not the Answer. For my money, the best punk band in Ireland post 2010.

https://violinsisnottheanswer.bandcamp.com/track/sick

Divisions Ruin - Srebrenica/Merely Existing

I won’t lie. Much like a former athlete whose varsity gout impeded athletic excellence, I’ve had to settle here. I wanted the track Srebrenica from Division Ruin’s side of the Easpa Measa split - another band we’ll encounter later, or if not here than absolutely in future installments, should they ere be writ. 

I have the vinyl. Whenever I want to sonically experience withstanding a carpet bombing, I stick the needle down, turn the table over, sit in the lotus position and wait for oblivion. This track absolutely slays. The opening riff, an atomic discharge of heavy bass, distorted guitar and technical drumming from the scene stalwart and filler-player-extraordinaire John K, sears the ears, and one might be forgiven for touching that dial. Then the vocals come. Impassioned howls from the furious maw of Cirarot, which sound almost prehistoric in their primal ferocity. With my eyes closed, I feel the cymbal crashes like great waves and imagine people of the dawn age battling terrible beasties, although I’m not sure if she’s the lizard or its prospective prey. 

Although all their recorded tracks offer something for filth-seekers, I struggled to find another which accurately conveyed with sufficient brutality the blunt force flavour Srebrenica proffers. However you locate this song, ensure you’ve your iodine pills to hand; shit is about to get nuclear. In lieu of an active link, here’s another hefty slab from the same split.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARGqt0r_cVg

Easpa Measa- Vargold

B-side of the Divisions Ruin split, Easpa Measa deliver a cleaner, dare I say, more mature crust experience. Less raw but equal in ferocity, Easpa Measa’s Eric’s howls are twisted as the metal he contorts for his angry punky art, conjuring images of Ireland with reintroduced wolves.

We picture them on the plain, endemic of wider wildness among the populace. However you fall on the lupine legacy of Eireann’s isle, Easpa Measa deliver perfect high kicks on every tier. Riffs, loud bass and amazing drumming from Ken Sweeney, another scene stalwart also of Harvester fame, while Clodagh’s vocals, whose shrieking ire can only be matched by the shipwrecking songs of the sirens themselves, compliment Eric’s baleful howls.

Bring back the wolf indeed. Although so many years since its release the band have disbanded with ne’er a wolf attendant at a single show, this song’s singular ferocity more than accounts for any deficit of wolfnishness on the island. Don’t miss this amazing video from their final show, alongside the Freebooters at the Boh’s club in Dublin, with bonus front row Mike Dempsey (that’s me!).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wIQC6wk7sY

If you like this list or the tunes therein, let me know your thoughts and why they activated your nodding lever. 

If other bands are close to your heart but far from the zeitgeist, comment or PM with appropriate links and I’d be glad to include your suggestion.

Thanks so much for taking the time to read this short post. I’ll have interesting content by the fishgut bucketload in 2020, but should/hope to have one more live before yuletide at least. 

Please drop a like and share this post with your favourite PUNX. Give them the gift of Violins this Christmate. An early stocking filler to ensure the loyalty of nephews and nieces come the post-yule divorce news, here’s an.. Important music video I made for their track Dickheads Picnic.

[savage-kult-of-gorthaur]

THE ONLY DISCHARGE COLLECTION YOU'LL EVER NEED -- AND MY PERSONAL ALL-TIME FAVORITE.

PIC(S) INFO: Spotlight on CD package design for the "WHY" EP by English hardcore punk band DISCHARGE, compiled and released by the UK label Castle Music in 2003. Also includes the band's previous three 1980 EP's "Realities of War," "Fight Back," and "Decontrol," for a total of 22 tracks on one compact disc.

Dis nightmare still @$!*#&% continues!!

Source: www.discogs.com/release/24950749-Discharge-Why.

[ebola-kun]

Lizzo's 2-year-old song 'Truth Hurts' might still qualify at 2020 Grammys - theGrio

(Photo by Aaron J. Thornton/Getty Images for BET)

Lizzo's innovation hit "Honest truth Injures" is a two-year-old song, but it still has a chance at the 2020 Grammy Awards.Typically much older tracks that come to be smash hits long after their preliminary launch-- from Pharrell's" Satisfied"to John Folklore's "All of Me "-- can easily contend at the Grammys when a live variation of the track, launched during the present Grammys qualifications duration, is submitted.But"Reality Hurts, "which was launched

as a stand-alone solitary in 2017, trains for the 2020 Grammys because the track was never submitted for contention in the Grammys procedure and also it seems on a cd launched in the course of the qualifications time period for the upcoming series. Tracks and also cds discharged from Oct. 1, 2018 through Aug. 31, 2019 obtain next year's awards, as well as" Honest truth Injures"appears on the deluxe version of her album "Companion I Love You, "launched this year.So far, the platinum-selling "Honest truth Injures" has come to a head at No. 4 on the all-genre Billboard Hot 100 graph. It has actually reached at No. 2 on the Scorching R&B/ Hip-Hop tracks and Very hot rap songs graphes, respectively.Normally if a musician sent an older track-- that appeared on a much older album-- it would certainly not be actually made it possible for right into the Grammys'method.

"Truth Hurts "has the okay and also its own future will be actually made a decision when the Audio Institute as well as a group of songs industry players comply with in September at an annual event to pick what makes it on the ballot, what genres certain tunes belong to, that definitely trains for ideal brand new performer and more. An agent for the Grammys didn't respond to an email looking for comment.It's portion of a streak of all the best for Lizzo, that has actually dominated the popular music scene this year, looked on loads of publication covers and also gotten approval for promoting body positivity as well as denouncing fatty tissue shaming. Though 2019 has actually provided as her discovery, she launched her debut album," Lizzobangers, "in 2013. Her group has had that album as well as its own consequence, 2015's"Big Grrrl Small Planet,"cleared away from streaming services due to the fact that Lizzo desired her music experience to start along with 2016's "Coconut Oil," her debut EP on Atlantic Records.In recent, actions have actually gained Grammys along with real-time versions of their tracks considering that their tunes have become hits long after its launch. Pharrell's Oscar-nominated anthem "Happy, "which showed up on the"Detestable Me 2

"soundtrack and also was actually discharged in mid-2013, eventually topped the charts in 2014. At the 2015 Grammys, a real-time model of the tune competed for in the greatest stand out solo functionality type, and gained the honor.That very same year John Legend's"All of Me,"which likewise attacked the No. 1 place on the Billboard Hot one hundred chart long after its own launch, contended in the same group with a live variation of the tune."Every one of Me"seemed on Legend's 2013 cd,"Affection In the Future. "At the 2012 Grammys, Adele won album of the year with" 21" and also record and track of the year with"Going In the Deep."The list below year she submitted an online version of" Establish Fire to the Storm"-- the 3rd No. 1 solitary coming from"

21 "-- and won greatest stand out solo performance.Beyoncé grabbed finest female pop singing efficiency at the 2010 Grammys with"Halo"; the list below year a real-time variation of the stand out ballad completed in the same category.Train's megahit "Hey, Soul Sis "was actually featured on their 2009 cd" Conserve Me, San Francisco, "but the tune took off in 2010. It succeeded the band their first-ever Grammy when a real-time version of the tune was actually granted best stand out performance by a duo or even team with vocals at the 2011 Grammys.Because Lizzo's"Fact Hurts "had certainly not shown up on

a cd that obtained previous Grammy qualification, it can still complete at the 2020 show though it has actually been largely on call for two years. Because Train, Pharrell, Legend and Adele's tracks were featured on albums that got previous Grammy addition, their tracks were actually suspended unless an online variation was submitted.At the 2020 Grammys, Panic! at the Disco-- whose song "High Hopes "specified a brand new document as the longest-running No. 1 tune on Billboard's Warm rock songs chart this year-- are actually most likely providing an online variation of the keep track of due to the fact that the track as well as the album it shows up on,"Wish the Evil,"applied for the 2019 Grammys." High Hopes"peaked at No. 4 on the all-genre Very hot one hundred chart.It had not been very clear if Drake's brand-new compilation cd of previously released tracks-- featuring tracks like 2013's "Gals Affection Beyoncé" as well as 2010's "I Get Unhappy"-- would certainly qualify at the Grammys. The album, titled"Treatment Bundle,"debuted at No. 1 on Advertising board's 200 albums graph this week.Representatives for Drake and Panic! at the Disco really did not instantly respond to e-mails finding comment.Though Lizzo launched the single people "Juice

"and"Beat "from her most recent album,"Honest truth Hurts "has actually become her most successful track. The path acquired a major increase after it was actually featured in the Netflix movie" A person Great,"discharged on April 19, the very same time Lizzo lost her cd," Companion I Affection You.""Fact Harms"had not been actually included on the 11-track"Cuz I Affection You,"however her report tag released a deluxe variation of the album-- featuring 3 additional tunes featuring "Honest truth Harms "-- on May 3. "Truth Harms" marked Lizzo's initial entry on the Billboard Hot one hundred chart.Nominees for the Grammy Honors are going to be actually revealed on Nov. twenty and the show are going to open live coming from the Staples Facility in Los Angeles on Jan. 26, 2020 on CBS.

This content was originally published here.

[bubblesandgutz]

Every Record I Own - Day 323: Discharge Hear Nothing See Nothing Say Nothing

Sometime in my mid-30s I decided I needed to catch up on all the punk classics absent from my formative teenage years. Some records were total re-awakenings---Bad Brains’ debut and The Germs’ (GI) sounded as vital as ever---while albums like Circle Jerks’ Group Sex and Agnostic Front’s Victim In Pain were apparently introduced too late in my life in order to glean much inspiration from them. Discharge’s Hear Nothing See Nothing Say Nothing was on my mental shopping list for years, but affordable vinyl copies were hard to come by. I’d had a CD compilation of their Clay singles since I was 18, but I felt like I was missing out on this classic.

I finally found a cheap copy at Amoeba in LA a few years ago. Bands have been faithfully replicating Discharge’s sound for years, so in some ways Hear Nothing See Nothing Say Nothing sounds immediately familiar. But so many contemporary bands have glossed up d-beat to the point where it lacks teeth, and it’s refreshing to hear the originators lay down the sound with all the original grime and urgency. 

[mataiisblog]

The 3 Best

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See On Amazon

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[annieboltonworld]

Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Optimized Conditions for Bioleaching using Yeasts from Municipal Solid Wastes to produce Safe Compost or Fertiliser

Authored by Gregory A Tucker

Abstract

Bioleaching can be considering a simple and effective technology for removing metals from waste which is rich in heavy metals. Bioleaching of these metals by microorganisms offers an economical and eco-friendly approach. In this study Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC2592, was used to remove metals from municipal solid waste (MSW). The tolerance of S. cerevisiae against the metals was determined using phenotypic microarrays using artificial hydrolysate containing various metals. Parameters such as one and two way methods or process, yeast strains, pH and mediums were studied and optimized. The results revealed that two-way methods and S. stipitis strain among five strains, using artificial media correlated with better performance at pH 5.5, while at pH 4 Correlated with sorghum media which showed lowest retained yield %.

Keywords: Yeast; MSW; Heavy metals; Biolog; Artificial; Clay; Sorghum Medium

Introduction

The disposal method for municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major concern in most of urban areas, generally MSW derived from households, fruit and vegetable markets, canteens, hotels and juice centers, etc., are rich in organic matter and can be used for various bioenergy sources. Furthermore, using fossil fuels is one of the primary causes of global warming and acid rain, which affects the weather conditions, vegetation, and aquatic ecosystem. Nowadays to overcome these issues the development of non-polluting and renewable energy sources is required [1]. There are many alternative energy sources such as wind, solar and wave power. While, applying biomass can be considered as a sustainable energy source [2] that can be utilized to reduce the impact of energy production on the global environment. There are many types of biomass sources that can be converted to energy and each biomass feedstock has to be harvested/collected, transported and possibly stored, before being processed into a form suitable for the chosen energy conversion technology [3]. The selected biomass can be converted into the valuable bioenergy forms. However, there are many factors can influence the choice of conversion process such as the type and quantity of biomass feedstock; the desired form of the energy, i.e. end-use requirements; environmental standards; economic conditions; and project specific factors. [3], Biomass is the only renewable source that can be converted into convenient fuels through different conversion processes also, can be converted into three main products: two related to energy - power/heat generation and transportation fuels - and one as a chemical feedstock [4,5]. Nowadays due to the industrial expansion, large quantities of industrial wastes are accumulating in our environment and disposal can be difficult, in particular, wastes can contain heavy metals at high concentrations [6]. For this reason the wastes have to pass through special treatment to reduce the amount of heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead, chromium, etc.)[7]. Wastes contain metals in a various levels can be discharged directly or indirectly in to the environment, which can cause a serious environmental pollution, and threatened bio life [8]. These metals classified as the following three categories: toxic metals (such as Hg, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, As, Co, Sn, etc.), precious metals (such as Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Ru etc.) and radionuclides (such as U, Th, Ra, Am, etc.), whose specific weight is usually more than 5.0 g/ cm3 [8].Toxic metals can effect on the environment in a different ways : (1) the toxicity can stay for a long time in nature; (2) heavy metals can be transformed from relevant low toxic species into more toxic forms such as mercury (3) also can effect human health by the bioaccumulation and bio augmentation of heavy metal by food chain finally; (4) metals can only be transformed and changed in valence and species, but cannot be degraded by any methods including bio treatment; (5) the toxicity of heavy metals occurs even in low concentration of about 1.0-10 mg/L. Some metal ions, such as Hg and Cd, are very toxic even in lower concentration of 0.001-0.1 mg/L [9,10].

Removing heavy metals from aqueous solution can be carried out using many methods such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment membrane technologies, adsorption on activated carbon etc [11]. However chemical and electrochemical method are inefficient, due to the production of large amounts of sludge, which are difficult to treat or are very expensive which make them not suitable for large scale applications [12,13]. Heavy metal removal by biosorption has been extensively investigated during the last several decades [14]. Some reviews have been published focusing on different aspects of heavy metal biosorption [15-18]. From these reviews, we can see that the research on biosorption is focused on the following three major fields. First, the biosorbents [19]; second, the mechanism of biosorption; third, large-scale implementation. The biosorption process is currently at the stage of laboratory-scale study and converting into a large- scale process has proven very difficult [20]. An alternative method for the previous method is microbial leaching [21]. Bio hydro metallurgical (bioremediation) is considered as a green technology, with low cost, low energy requirement. They can effectively sequester dissolved metal ions out of dilute complex solutions with high efficiency and quickly [22]. There are three groups of microorganisms has been used for bioleaching these are autotrophic bacteria (e.g. Thiobacillispp.), heterotrophic bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonaspp., Bacillusspp.) and heterotrophic fungi (e.g. Aspergillus spp.,PeniciIIium spp.) [23]. Furthermore, yeast and algae can remove heavy metals from aquase solution in substantial quantities [24]. The most common yeast used in many studies is Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is used extensively in the food and beverage industry. S. cerevisiae has been shown to be a Midcore biosorbent, and has a unique characteristics comparing with other microorganisms with regards to removal of metal from a solution or solid phase [25]. Advantages of S. cerevisiae as a biosorbents for metal biosorption include: ease of cultivation, can be obtain from various food and beverage industries, yield of biomass is high, and is considered a safe organism [26]. The objective of this study is to investigate resistance of S. cerevisiae to the presence of heavy metal sand to determine the efficacy of using bioleaching on MSW using a one- step or two-step process. The physical and chemical especially heavy metals characterization of the MSW was initially carried out pre-bioleached using S. cerevisiae and other five yeast strains. The different constituents of the artificial medium were analyzed and comparing it with non-artificial medium using pH 5.5 and 4. The metal extraction yields in bioleaching were measured in MSW biomass to produce safe fertilizer. MSW physical and chemical composition and elements analysis were analyzed and represent by [27].

Material and Methods

Microorganisms

Yeast strains -Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCYC2592); Kluyveromycesmarxianus, Schefforsomyces stipitis, Candida succiphilia(NCYC1403), Pichia gulliermondii(NCYC 443), and Candida shehatae(NCYC2389). All strains were obtained from the National Collection of Yeast Cultures (www.ncyc.co.uk). Yeast strain and growth conditions, these strain were maintained on agar containing 10g/L yeast extract, 20g/L peptone, 20g/L glucose, and 20g/L agar (YPD agar) and grown on 10g/L yeast extract, 20g/L peptone, and 20g/L glucose.

Artificial Media used to Establish the Tolerance to Metals in Yeast

Stock solutions (0.1-4mM) respectively, for Mn(II) (MnSO4),Fe(II) (FeSO4), Pb(II) (Pb(NO3)2), Zn (ZnSO4), Al Al2(SO4)3 , and Cu2+ (II) , CuSO4 were prepared by dissolving in reverse osmosis (RO) water. Chemicals were provided at analytical grade by Sigma-Aldrich. Metal solutions between 0.1-3mMwere prepared from stock solutions for each metal. The pH was maintained at 5.5 by adding 3M NaOH. The liquid hydrolysates were taken forward for assessment of yeast metabolic output using phenotypic microarrays (Biolog, CA, US). Assessment of metabolic activity, preparation and assays under control conditions (6% glucose, 0.67%YNB and 0.2 μL dye D (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA)) were according to [28]. Metabolic output using hydrolysates was determined by adding 29.8 μL hydrolysate with 0.2μL dye D (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA) prior to addition to plates pH was established at pH 4.8-5. The second part is strain preparation for inoculation into the PM assay plates as follows. Cells were grown in YPD broth at 25oC and were inoculated into sterile water in 20 x 100mm test tubes and adjusted to a transmittance of 62 % (~5x106 cells/mL) using a Bio log turbid meter (Biolog), to prepare cell suspension. Cells were mixed with IFY buffer ™ (Biolog) (1:5) and90 μL of cell suspension inoculated into each well in a Biolog 96-well plate. The prepared plates were then placed in the Omni Log reader and incubated for 96hr at 30oC under aerobic conditions. The principle of Omni Log reader is that the PM plates are photographed at 15min intervals, and the pixel density in each well converted to a signal value reflecting dye conversion. Dye reduction reflects metabolic activity of the cells which has been defined here as the redox signal intensity. After completion of the run, the signal data was compiled and exported from the Bio log software using Microsoft® Excel. In all cases, a minimum of three replicate PM assay runs were conducted, and the mean signal values are presented.

Media used for Bioleaching Artificial Medium

Yeast Artificial medium- the yeast medium includes two artificial mediums;Medium1 contained (g/L): 120 glucose, 10 yeast extract, 20 peptone; Medium 2 was based on the study by [29] the medium contained (g/L) 20 glucose, KH2PO4, 2.72; K2HPO4, 5.22; (NH4)2SO4, 2.0; MgSO4 7H2O, 0.5; FeSO4•7H2•, 0.0022; ZnSO4•7H2C), 0.004, MnSO4 4H2O, 0.004; CuSO4•5H2O, 0.004 and altered using to either pH 5.5 or pH 4). The other mediums used in the study have been described previously [30].

Bioleaching Process

To study the biosorption rate cultures were grown at 30oC, 180 rpm, pH 5.5 in a prepared liquid artificial mineral and yeast common yeast liquid medium as mentioned previously. The constitution of basal medium was based on the study by [31,32]. For MSW bioleaching cultures where grown as mentioned previously in various medium and to get optimum bioleaching process many optimizing conditions has been taken into the consideration using 2% MSW substrate. After 15 days, samples were centrifuged at 10,000g for 20mins, the liquid fraction was decanted and the solid fraction was washed 3 times using RO water and dried at 70oC, weight loss (%) in the solid fraction was determined and presence of heavy metals in both fractions determined. The samples were filtered through 0.45μmmember filters before the following analysis elements were selected in this study phosphorus (P2+), Potassium (K+), Chromium (Cr6+), Copper (Cu2+), Zinc (Zn2+), Cadmium (Cd2+), and Lead (Pb2+), finally the yield was determined in the solid fraction. The metal extraction efficiency was calculated as the % recovery in the MSW.

Analytical Methods

Heavy metals-Dried solid fraction was digested using concentrated nitric acid the liquid fraction taken forward to measure heavy metals released. Heavy metals analysis was as described in by [30].

Results

MSW physical and chemical composition and analysis were analyzed and represent by [27].

Effects of Heavy Metals on Yeast Metabolism

Yeast can be used as agents for bioleaching of heavy metals from MSW; however, tolerance to heavy metals in yeast is not yet fully understood. The effect of heavy metals on yeast metabolism was thus determined using a phenotypic microarray assay. It was determined that S. cerevisiae NCYC2592 displayed tolerance to Mn2+, Zn2+or Al3+ up to 4mM (Figure 1). However, presence of other metals such as Pb2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+ at 4mM reduced metabolic output when comparing with control conditions (Figure 1). Presence of Cu2+ at 0.1-0.5mM actually improved metabolic output when compared with control conditions. These results suggest that the yeast could tolerate the presence of Mn2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ at concentrations relevant to those found in MSW. Bioleaching with S. cerevisiae NCYC2592 using either a one or two way method. Yeast were incubated with MSW as described in the methods using the two media and the two bioleaching methods and the impact on bioleaching monitored as for the filamentous fungi. The constitution of basal medium was based on the study. Comparing Retained yield (%) it was shown that P using a one way method had the highest yield when compared with other elements in all conditions, the results shown from total metals average that lowest retained yield % was by using medium one and two way method. The results are shown in Figure 1. The 8 elements retained from MSW were taken forward for ANOVA testing and results revealed that there was no significant difference between methods and media in terms of retained yield % of elements (Table 1). These results suggest that the two way method and medium 1 was the best combination comparing with the control. Assays using medium one and two way method showed the lowest retaining yield when compared with water. Further experiments were carried out to increase the retained % yield (Figure 2).

Comparing yeast strains for bioleaching of MSW From the previous experiments the two way method and medium 1 was found to be the best combination. Different yeast strains were compared including S. cerevisiae for their capacity to remove metals from artificial mediums (Figure 3). The results revealed that the retained %yield was lowest (best condition) using S. stipitis when compared with other strains. In terms of elements retained from the solid fraction the highest for all strains were P3+and Se2- (Figure 3). ANOVA analysis on the 8 elements retained in the MSW residue revealed no significant difference between yeast strains; however, all the yeasts had a significantly improved retained % yield when compared with the control. From this result S. stipitis and S. cerevisiae were further studied to optimize bioleaching conditions of MSW using different media and pH.

S. cerevisiae NCYC2592 and S. stipitis NCYC 1541 were inoculated in medium 1 and non-artificial media prepared at either pH 5.5 or 4 and the bioleaching experiment carried out for 15 days (Table 2). Comparing retained % yield in the solid residue, it was observed that presence of sorghum in the medium (S. cerevisiae) and artificial medium (S. stipitis) correlated with an improved removal of metals from MSW (Figure 4). ANOVA analysis for the 8 retained elements, determined that use of artificial medium and S. stipitis as a strain had the highest ability in terms of removing elements from MSW (Table 3). Analysis revealed that for some elements, Cd and Cu concentrations of those elements still exceeded safe disposal limits for compost use. Further assays were carried out to look at the effect of pH on the bioleaching of these elements. Assays with a starting pH of 4 revealed that P3-, Rb+ and U4+, where the highest elements with the lowest retaining % yield (best performance) recorded using sorghum media S. stipitis (Figure 5). ANOVA analysis revealed that by using sorghum medium (S. stipitis) at a starting pH of 4 showed lowest retained % yield (best condition) when compared with other conditions. ANOVA analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between mediums, use of sorghum as a medium and addition of S. stipitis correlated with better retained yield (Tables 4 & 5). Comparing pH 5.5 with pH 4 the results showed that pH 5.5 was better for retaining yield % from the solid fraction of MSW when compared with pH 4. The best retaining yield was 13.8% using artificial medium pH5.5 using S. stipitis while comparing the lowest retained yield % with the washed MSW, the optimum condition showed a significant improvement comparing with washed MSW sample (the retained yield % using water was 33.25) , as shown in (Figure 6).

Discussion

This study revealed that S. cerevisiae displayed tolerance to various metals, as has been reported previously by [33] and this has highlighted the potential for the use of S. cerevisiae as an agent for removing these metals from MSW. In this study, concentrations of Cs+ and Ca2+ in MSW ranged from 0.0032- 517.6mg/L respectively. The study also revealed that presence of Cu2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+ at high concentrations correlated with a reduction in yeast metabolic rates. In addition, an increase in number of metals decreased bioleaching process due to number of metal ions competing for the same binding sites available on the surface of the biomass [34,35]. Single and two-step processes have been applied for bioleaching using fungi; thus in this study the two methods were also applied for yeast bioleaching. The results revealed that use of a two way method was better than the one way method. There's no published work on the optimisation of bioleaching processes using yeast. One advantage of the two stage method is that the bioprocess and the chemical processes are independent and this makes it possible to optimise each process independently to maximise productivity [36].

Use of a two-step way process permits enhancement during each stage, with the biological oxidation stage being fast and effective [37]. In addition, metals from fly ash were bioleached more rapidly using a two-step approach when compared to a one-step approach, resulting in earlier formation of calcium oxalate hydrate, which leads to more rapid decrease in pH occurring in a two-step bioleaching methods since organic acids were already present in the medium prior to the addition of fly ash. However, the addition of fly ash after fungal germination in a two-step bioleaching effectively reduced the toxic effects on the fungal growth, and accelerated the bioleaching process [38,39]. With regards to optimizing the medium for bioleaching, use of medium one correlated with better performance when comparing with use of an artificial medium, first medium has been shown to be a natural yeast growth medium, while in the second medium some minerals have been added which caused an increase in the concentrations of metals or elements and led to less bio-leaching of heavy metals [40].

Results comparing different yeast strains revealed that S. stipitis gave the best performance in terms of leaching metals, this result agreed with published findings, which found that some yeast strains (vacuole efficient mutants) were better than wild type S. cerevisiae, in terms of leaching some metals [41]. Studies have revealed that Candida sp. and K. marxianus were more efficient than S. cerevisiae or S. pombe for heavy metal resistance and copper (II) bioaccumulation at higher copper(II) concentrations [42,43]. While, this study's findings did not correlate with the observation that that S. cerevisiae produces a dark melanin pigment and extracellular polymers whose presence as part of a defense mechanism can reduce the toxic effect of heavy metals.

Experiments comparing initial pH and media for bioleaching of heavy metals from MSW determined that starting the bioleaching (retained % yield) at pH 5.5 was better than at a pH of4. Bioleaching medium pH is consider an important environmental factor which effects yeast performance, site dissociation of the biomass’ surface, effects on the solution chemistry of the heavy metals, [40,41]. The improved performance at pH 5.5 could be correlated with higher metal solubility and agreed with a study which revealed that by increasing pH the bio absorbitive capacity of metals also increased [44]. In addition, high metal bio-sorption was obtained with an initial metal concentration ranging from between 50-100mg/L at 30°C temperature and pH 5.0. Generally, for different bio-sorption systems for metal ions, optimal pH differs depending on the metal e.g. the optimal pH value bio-sorption by S. cerevisiae for copper is 5-9, and 4-5 for uranium, and in general the optimum bioleaching pH is above pH 5.

However, when pH increases over optimal level, bio-sorption capacity has been shown to decrease which may be due to the fact that the efficiency of the proton at the binding site of yeast is much smaller than that of the metal ion comparing with low pH so the electrostatic attraction to negatively charged functional groups may be one of the specific bio-sorption mechanisms at higher pH's [43]. It has been observed that cell wall ligands were closely associated with the hydronium ions [H3O+] and restricted the approach of metal cations as a result of the repulsive force at low pH [42]. At pH 5 divalent positive ions could interact with negatively charged groups within the biomass. On the other hand, the outer layer of the cell wall of S. cerevisiae consists of coat protein, which can cause a charge through dissociation of ionisable side groups on amino acids [45] , also inorganic ions such as chloride, may form complexes with some metal ions and thereby affect the sorption process [46] . Using higher pH's correlates with higher consumption of hydroxides and precipitation of other metals [47]. Generally speaking, a low pH value is favorable for bio-sorption.

Anions (carbonates, chlorides, fluorides, phosphates and sulphates) in solution can complex metal ions and thus reduce or inhibit their adsorption by S. cerevisiae [48]. Redox potential can also affect the speciation of a given element; for example, chromium exists as Cr(VI) or Cr(III) according to the EH of the solution. Presence in solution of other cations besides the metals of interest can reduce heavy metals accumulation by biomass, by competition for binding sites on yeast cell wall [49,50]. With regards to the selection of the best medium from the current study, it is suggested revealed that presence of artificial media and S. stipitis at pH 5.5 recorded highest retained % yields because of addition of glucose and other trace elements could enhance cells growth in a system, and facilitate metal biosorption. There are some studies focused on effects of glucose on bioleaching rates which have revealed that pre-treatment of the yeast cells with glucose increased the amount of Cu2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ removed from electroplating effluent by living cells of S. cerevisiae [51].

Direct addition glucose in to the yeast effluent mixed solution had no effects on the amount of bioleaching and this could be a possible reason for Sorghum medium having more effects than artificial medium in terms of leaching metals from MSW. Furthermore, it has been revealed that addition of cysteine, glucose, ammonium sulphate, phosphate and ammonium chloride in the fermentation media increases uptake of Cr (VI) [52]. Generally different nutrients clearly led to different functional groups in the corresponding cell surface. Toxicity characteristic fungal and yeast bioleaching process, are shown in Table 5 showed that following bioleaching using yeast the applicable environmental standards for presence of metals was almost achieved, the table shows MSW before and after the bioleaching process were compared with the identification standard for hazardous wastes identification for extraction procedure toxicity (State Environmental Protection Administration, 1996) and the standard for pollution control on the security landfill site for hazardous wastes (State Environmental Protection Administration, 2001) set by State Environmental Protection Administration, China.

Conclusion

The objective of this study was to examine how growth of microbial such yeast could correlate with removal of heavy metals from MSW. Bioleaching with yeast has been studied and it was determined that using a two-way methods and S. stipitis strain gave the best results then to increase the yield two ranges of pH has been applied pH 5.5 and 4, using sorghum and clay mediums. Addition of clay into the medium correlated with better performance at pH 5.5 and pH 4 and was characterized by the low presence of heavy metals in the liquid fraction as clay particles absorb the metals.

For more articles in Juniper Publishers | Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/index.php

[annoyingkoalawinner]

English Dogs Metalmorphosis

English Dogs, culminating with the 'Metalmorphosis ' 12' and 'Where Legend Began' album through Under One Flag in 1986. In Spring of that year the Dogs toured the USA to sold out shows at the LA Olympic auditorium, Fenders Ballroom, San Diego, San Francisco, Baltimore, New York, Chicago, in fact all over the East and West coast.

English Dogs discography (all) They Only Come Out at Night (1985) Metalmorphosis (1986) Where Legend Began English Dogs. Type: Full-length Release date: 1986.

View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the 1986 Vinyl release of Metalmorphosis on Discogs. Label: Under One Flag - 12 FLAG 101. Format: Vinyl 12 English Dogs - Metalmorphosis (1986, Vinyl) Discogs.

English Dogs are a British hardcore punk band that began life in the early eighties. Two versions of the band exist,the Punk/Metal Crossover band featuring original drummer Andrew 'Pinch' Pinching and second era members Graham 'Gizz' Butt and Adie Bailey and a punk-based one featuring original vocalist Pete 'Wakey' Wakefield.

History

English Dogs formed in October 1981 in Grantham and produced two demos during 1982 entitled 'Show No Mercy' and 'Free To Kill'. The band toured as support to fellow punk band Charged GBH in Germany during early 1983 and followed this with a British tour supporting Discharge. In 1983 they signed to Clay Records and released a 6 track EP titled 'Mad Punx And English Dogs' July 1983. English Dogs' first full-length album, 'Invasion of the Porky Men', emerged a year later. Personnel changes ensued after the debut album emerged with vocalist Wakey departing to be replaced by ex-Ultraviolent singer Ade Bailey. At this juncture the band also decided to augment their live and recorded sound by adding ex-Destructors guitarist Graham 'Gizz' Butt who added Metal riffing, guitar leads and contributed to the English Dogs songwriting.

This change saw them leave Clay records to sign with Rot Records and release the decidedly metal tinged 'To The Ends Of The Earth' EP in September 1984. The metal leanings increased with Forward into Battle. English Dogs, culminating with the 'Metalmorphosis ' 12' and 'Where Legend Began' album through Under One Flag in 1986. In Spring of that year the Dogs toured the USA to sold out shows at the LA Olympic auditorium, Fenders Ballroom, San Diego, San Francisco, Baltimore, New York, Chicago, in fact all over the East and West coast. Upon their return to the UK Jon Murray left the band.The group appeared on the legendary Shades promoted Thrash bill at Camden's Electric Ballroom with Possessed and Voivod later in 1986. Pinch also left the band around Winter '86. The band carried on with Adie, Gizz and Wattie playing with other musicians until calling it a day in the fall of that year. In 1993 Pinch and Gizz Butt reformed English Dogs with 'Mad Punx' vocalist Wakey and Future Damned Bassist Stuart West, signed to German label 'Impact records' and released 'Bow To None', Wakey left shortly after with him being replaced by Stuart 'Stu-Pid' Jones (Also of Police Bastard, Sensa Yuma and ex Contempt) for the 1995 five track EP 'What A Wonderful Feeling... ...To Be Fucked By Everyone' on Retch Records .

Eventually English Dogs became a 3 piece with the line up of Gizz Butt - Lead Vocals and guitars, Pinch - Drums and backing vocals and Shop - Bass guitar and Backing vocals . They released the 16 track crossover album 'All The World's A Rage' also on Impact records and toured UK, Germany, Austria and Switzerland many times. in 1996 the English Dogs played their last shows as Pinch, Gizz and Shop were soon to re-emerge as Janus Stark. An English Dogs / GBH union resulted in Wakey and Pinch creating The Wernt with GBH members guitarist Jock Blyth and bassist Ross Lomas for a 1997 album 'Wreckin' Temples'. Gizz Butt replaced Jim Davies of Pitchshifter as the live guitarist for The Prodigy, which in turn revitalized interest in English Dogs and prompted a re-release of Where Legend Began. Gizz also announced the formation of a new act Janus Stark the same year recording with (3 Colours Red producer)Terry Thomas acting as producer. 1999's 'I've Got A Gun' was recorded live in Finland in 1994 when Pid was on vocals . By 2000 Pinch had joined The Damned. Gizz Butt returned in 2002 with The More I See.

In May 2007, English Dogs reformed with the original line-up with the exception of Pinch, who is drumming for The Damned. He was replaced by Stuart Meadows, who played for Resistance 77. They mainly play throughout Europe, but they do not play their crossover material. English Dogs released an EP called 'Tales of the Asylum' in November 2008. English Dogs had another line-up change in 2009, then afterwards a hiatus . At one point the only original member being bassist Wattie .After months of leaving, Wakefield reformed the band with him being the only member to have featured on any official release. In 2011 three original members of the 1984 Crossover line up announced they were going to reform to perform the 'Forward Into Battle' and 'To The Ends Of The Earth' releases in their entirety . This led to a sell out tour which received great reviews. After the tour the lads announced they were to write new material in the vein of the Crossover material and plan more touring. The new English Dogs album, entitled The Thing With Two Heads, will be released on Candlelight records in July 2014. Drummer Pinch says 'We got back together because we felt like we had unfinished business. Tons of people ended up turning up to the gigs. We started to think maybe we are worth a fuck after all. We started writing and recording and it clicked immediately.' The Thing With Two Heads, he continues, 'is the missing link between To the Ends Of the Earth and Forward Into Battle. It’s classic English Dogs punk metal. It doesn’t sound like anyone else, because it wasn’t inspired by anyone else.' The Crossover line up are now back out on tour with long time friend and associate Spike T Smith on drums (who played in the Dogs way back in '87 when Pinch had to step out back then) who stepped into the drummer position in August 2014 as Pinch was unable to commit time to the Dogs due to his role in The Damned.

Discography

Albums

Invasion of the Porky Men (Clay Records, 1984)

Forward Into Battle (Rot Records ASS20, 1985)

Where Legend Began (Under One Flag Records FLAG4, 1987)

Bow to None (Impact Records, 1994)

All the World's a Rage (Impact Records, 1995)

I've Got A Gun! Live In Helsinki (Retch Records, 1999)

This Is Not A War (Retch Records, 2002)

'We Did, We Do, We Always Fucking Will' (2014)

The Thing With Two Heads (Candlelight Records, 2014)

Singles and EPs

Demo '82 tape (1982)

Mad Punx and English Dogs 12' (Clay Records, 1983)

To the Ends of the Earth 12' (Rot Records, 1984)

Metalmorphosis 12' (Under One Flag Records 12FLAG101, 1986)

Sei Was Du Bist (Impact 1995)

What a Wonderful Feeling to Be F**ked By Everyone (Retch Records, 1995)

Tales From The Asylum (Retch Records 2008)

Get Off My F***ing Moon (2011)

Dog Sick Split with Sick On The Bus (2012)

Clockwork Boys / English Dogs - Lusitanian Punk Rock - Punk Fucking Rock ‎(7')Chaosphere Recordings, Raw 'N' Roll Rex, Dog City Records, V.D.C. RecordsCHAOSV009, RAW002, DCR004, VDC 0062013

Compilation albums

Have a Rotten Christmas Vol. 2 LP (Rot, 1985)

Driven to Death LP (Clay, 1990)

Angry Songs and Bitter Words CD (Ruptured Ambitions, 2003)

Members

First line-up

Pete 'Wakey' Wakefield - Vocals

Jon Murray - Guitar

Mark 'Wattie' Watson - Bass

Andrew 'Pinch' Pinching – Drums

English Dogs Metalmorphosis Rar

'Forward Into Battle' line-up

Adie Bailey - Vocals

Graham 'Gizz' Butt - Lead Guitar

Jon Murray - Guitar

Mark 'Wattie' Watson - Bass

Andrew 'Pinch' Pinching – Drums

Present UK line-up

Pete 'Wakey' Wakefield - Vocals

Nick Wynch - Guitar

Michael *Tat* Tatler - Bass

Richard *Grizz* Grizzwell - Drums

Present Crossover line-up

Adie Bailey - Vocals

Graham 'Gizz' Butt - Lead Guitar

Ryan Christy- Rhythm Guitar

Craig Christy - Bass

Andrew 'Pinch' Pinching – Drums

Spike T. Smith - Drums (since July 2014)

English Dogs Metalmorphosis Shirt

English Dogs evolved from being a punk band to a crossover band to a power metal band. The Metalmorphosis EP is from the more punkish crossover time. While evolving so much, and changing style so much, they obviously produced albums of different quality. Metalmorphosis is not one of the better releases. The production is very good, considering the EP was made in the late eighties. The guitars are clearly punk-influenced yet sounding like they were inspired of technical thrash. The paradox is total. Drumming are pretty metal, without the double bass and Wakey screams his vocals in a punk/hardcore way. His voice cracks at times, but most of the time he does just fine. All this results in a sonic chaos. Although behind the chaos there is a hidden complexity, which is the key reason, I love this band’s later releases. In the end of Nightmare of Reality there is a psychedelic drumbeat, building up a real nice atmosphere. The members of English Dogs are skilled musicians even though they are punks. They can do what they want, but I’m not sure that they knew what they wanted on this one. This release isn’t bad, but a better overlooked part of their discography.

[savage-kult-of-gorthaur]

"IN AGONY THEY CRY AND SCREAM, AND CHILDREN AND CHILDREN, AND CHILDREN AND CHILDREN!"

PIC(S) INFO: Spotlight on picture disc, CD inlay, and sleeve cover art to the "Never Again" compilation album by English hardcore punk band DISCHARGE. Originally released in 1984, it has since seen numerous re-releases under the Castle Music/Sanctuary, Captain Oi!, and Westworld labels.

RE-RELEASE OVERVIEW: "2007 digitally remastered digipak pressing of this collection from the originators of hardcore punk. Originally released in 1984, this virtual "best of" features 21 tracks that include singles, non-album tracks and twelve inch vinyl versions. Packaging includes sleeve notes, lyrics and photos."

-- CAPTAIN OI! (UK punk record label)

Dis nightmare still @$!#*&% continues!!

Sources: discogs, CD and LP, Captain Oi!, Castle Music UK, various, etc...

[futureplanessay325]

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Updating Thingworx Using An Arduino Uno & Serial Connection

Updating Thingworx Using An Arduino Uno & Serial Connection An instance of the output may be seen in this project, however this project again has a fairly unclear drawing of the schematics. The LED strand may be connected to one of the remaining pins, as shown above for instance PIN 6. The article from Instructables shows a resistor and a paper clip as a sensor. Sonos brings its famend sound to its first portable bluetooth speaker. A constructed-in handle makes it simple to carry, but at greater than 6 pounds, it’s greatest for bringing it to out of doors living areas—the patio, deck, or storage. It’s obtained an IP56 rating, so should survive rain, mud, dirt, and other unhealthy stuff. You also can use the Braven’s battery to energy your other devices. This mini projector is the dimensions of a soda can, but able to projecting 100 inches of HD video for as much as three hours. It has a built-in speaker that you could truly hear, too. A great journey pillow will make these long hours spent in the car or on a airplane simply that rather more bearable when you’re visiting household or friends over the holidays. The Travelrest even packs down into a bag that’s a ¼ its original dimension for super easy transport. This rugged, waterproof, shockproof, moveable speaker is made for river canoe trips, camping in a national park, or simply hanging in your yard basecamp. Braven reveals off the capabilities of its waterproof audio system in promo images with a cute pup swimming with one clamped in its tooth like a stick. We didn’t have a dog useful, however we did give it to some young youngsters to play with in the tub (it floats!). Small, free, and super highly effective device for burning CD's and DVD's . First wire the LED strip as indicated in determine 4 . Note that a capacitive sensor kan sort-a really feel strain as well. The tougher an individual presses on the sensor, the higher it conducts with the pores and skin of that particular person. It connects through Wi-Fi to Alexa, Siri, and other assistants, so you possibly can control it by way of your cellphone, an Echo, Apple’s Airplay 2, or instantly from a mic on the speaker. There’s also bluetooth connectivity, which is handy if you use it away from house. And when you are at home, just set it on the easy charging base to energy up with out having to plug it in. With an IPX-7 ranking, the X2 survived, its deep bass and overall readability in tact . The sound is barely better than you’d count on from a $a hundred bluetooth speaker, with good base and fairly crisp highs. And the controls and bluetooth pairing are intuitive. Seven years after the discharge of the $35 Raspberry Pi pc, demand stays as sturdy as ever, with sales on track to pass 27 million boards anytime now. This Editors’-Choice-successful portable fireplace pit is super environment friendly, since you need to use the appropriate app on your phone to handle the flames. Use it with wooden for a campfire or with charcoal to get grilling. Apple’s latest iPad comes outfitted with 128GB, as much as 10 hours of battery, a 10.2-inch Retina show, A10 Fusion chip, and a Touch ID fingerprint sensor. It’s simply powerful sufficient for on-the-go work without being overkill if you just want to stream films and surf the web. Everybody has a couple of devices or pieces of gear on their wish list that they may not want enough to buy themselves, but positively wish to enhance their lives all 12 months round. Whether you’re purchasing for an out of doors lover, DIYer, or tech fanatic, we found the devices and equipment that they’re in all probability craving for this yr. From the latest wireless headphones to smart home gadgets to rugged boots and attire, this record has something for everyone. But should you’re still not finding the proper current, browse extra particular gift guides we’ve compiled for the vacations. Beyond the staunch community assist, the Pi may be augmented by a broad ecosystem of boards and kits that extend its capabilities, turning the board into every thing from a robotic to a digital assistant. The Raspberry Pi Foundation has invested years of work in improving the Pi's core software program, notably its default working system, known as Raspbian. The bespoke OS is designed to get one of the best out of the Pi hardware and loaded with free software program -- both the on a regular basis basics like a web browser and workplace suite, but in addition instruments for studying to code. The quality of those boards varies greatly, as does the type of duties they're suited to, and this guide will walk you through some decent choices for Pi alternate options, while additionally highlighting the drawbacks.

[johnstones15]

Top Patient Monitoring Solution Companies

List of Top Patient Monitoring Solution Companies

An efficient patient monitoring system is integral to a healthcare facility for reaching the highest levels of clinical excellence. That being said, the collection, evaluation, and seamless relocation of patient data are necessary to limit the incidences of readmission and streamlining costs. The accumulated data will help the industry progress on all fronts, such as precision medicine, predictive analytics, fraud detection, and clinical trials.

Successful monitoring technology that operates outside the hospital’s controlled environment must be designed with the user and environmental factors in mind. The poor user interface of the wearables and home monitoring devices may involuntarily present usability difficulties resulting in insufficient and inconsistent data, and therefore affect the clinical decisions. Top healthcare companies have consequently recognized the value of structured data and AI, combined with well-designed user experience. And, with the untapped potential of remote patient monitoring, non-traditional medical device manufacturers are eager to enter and disrupt the healthcare market.

To this extent, IoT is opening new doors for the healthcare industry in the form of remote patient monitoring. The technology enables devices such as wearables, home monitors, and smartphones to connect to the internet and provide patient health information to the doctor who can assist with the treatment. IoT, moreover, allows patients and telehealthcare providers to work together for deeper engagement, more open communication, and better chronic disease management.

At this juncture, a wide variety of patient monitoring solution providers are entering the industry with a set of advanced and integrated offerings. Healthcare Tech Outlook has compiled a list of top 10 patient monitoring solution providers to help healthcare providers improve their patient monitoring practices and simultaneously enable growth in the industry. The list comprises of prominent organizations in the industry that will enhance patient monitoring by implementing the current trends. These tech companies have already amassed vast amounts of consumer data and have patented many sensing technologies that aim to disrupt the current patient monitoring market. Besides, the magazine also includes insights from thought leaders in the sector on the industry trends, best practices, recent innovations, and their advice for the aspiring CIOs.

Top Patient Monitoring Solution Companies

Dental Monitoring

Dental Monitoring, the first AI-powered remote dental treatment platform enables dentists to manage their patients’ care from afar. The company also fosters the dental treatment processes with more efficient and fewer in practice appointments with the doctor. Dental Monitoring creates and uses the most advanced technology to make dental healthcare more accessible to the majority no matter where they are while empowering dental professionals to deliver better and more personalized experience for all their patients. Overall, Dental Monitoring improves the delivery and efficiency of dentistry through automation and the use of artificial intelligence

Life Systems International

Life Systems International (LSI) offers technology solutions that not only handle patient vital sign monitoring but also easy to use clinical documentation. LSI has a streamlined system for both these needs while being specific and customizable to a client’s patient care needs while keeping up with their internal IT requirements LSI’s technology offers continuous vital sign monitoring through its ECG wireless transmitter which is integrated with its software application installed on the Trenscenter central station, a Windows-based system. The software automatically collects the data from the transmitter, and intuitively provides the patient’s caregiver all the information they need to track and document from a Medicare/CMS compliance viewpoint

MiCare Path

By personalizing peace-of-mind through remote patient monitoring in healthcare, the primary goal of MiCare Path is to boost confidence and comfort with the major stakeholders in care delivery: the physician, the patient, and the payor. MiCare Path provides the patient an intelligent and real-time, customized care plan. The enterprise platform then allows the providers to monitor and customize, in real-time, according to the specific progress and outcomes of each patient. With the world-renown medical advisors providing insight into the system’s underlying intelligence, MiCare Path’s remote patient monitoring platform minimizes waste and ensures the right care at the right time

PhysioCue

PhysioCue is a five-year-old consumer digital health and therapy device development company that has developed a non-invasive hypertension therapy device and migraine/headache therapy device. Proved to be efficient, safe, easy-to-use, and cost-effective, the company’s innovative devices reduce the effects of hypertension and migraine without having any side effects associated with antihypertensive and headache drugs. PhysioCue is on a mission to empower people affected by hypertension and migraine to take care of themselves and live healthy.

BioTelemetry

BioTelemetry provides cardiac and mobile blood-glucose monitoring, centralized medical imaging and original equipment manufacturing serving the healthcare and clinical research sectors. Founded a quarter century ago, BioTelemetry remains committed to leading the mobile and wireless medical technology industry. We focus on the delivery of health information to save and improve lives, while reducing the cost of care. Our ability to invent and share ideas and technologies with others ensures that our customers and patients receive the very best in care

CardioComm Solutions

CardioComm Solutions, Inc provides technically and clinically innovative software solutions for information management systems in cardiovascular medicine and telemedicine. CardioComm’s patented systems enable medical professionals, patients, and other healthcare professionals, clinics, hospitals and call centres to access and manage patient information in a secure and reliable environment. The Company’s software enables electrocardiography (ECG) data to be transmitted, received and managed anywhere in the world using standard computers, wireless devices, enterprise networks, telephones, or the Internet

Odin Technologies

Odin Technologies is a smart medical device company based out of Chicago, IL. With the intent to stop patients from unnecessarily getting recommended for emergency fasciotomies, Odin Technologies is developing a non-invasive diagnostic tool to monitor compartment pressure and tissue perfusion in trauma patients

Patient Innovations

Patient Innovations created OnTimeCare as part of our initial vision to build a more intelligent scheduling, communications, and patient experience platform. Now that feature rich ecosystem is a subset of a broader, purpose-built, Real-Time Location Services (RTLS) platform designed with proprietary clinical insights and algorithms. OnTimeCare provides productivity gains, optimizes room and asset utility, increases physician panel sizes and provides insights that drive clinical decision support. The OnTimeCare Vista platform of technology-enabled innovations ensures the optimal engagement of the clinical workforce. The system minimizes physician burnout by improving clinical workflow, optimizing scheduling density and assisting with Clinical Decision Support (CDS)

Rhythm Management Group

Rhythm Management Group is the Premier Remote Monitoring specializing in optimizing practices who care for patients with implantable cardiac devices. Our goal is to get patients connected to remote monitoring, keep them connected through a human, high-touch interaction, and deliver data to their managing physicians in an efficient, proactive and organized way. We pride ourselves in delivering exceptional patient care focused on superior customer service

VitalConnect

VitalConnect is a leader in wearable biosensor technology for wireless patient monitoring in both hospital and remote patient populations. VitalConnect leverages extensive expertise in biomedical engineering, data analytics, chip design, and mobile and cloud software to create technology that supports decision-making paradigms that achieve better health and economic outcomes. VitalConnect’s products, the Vista Solution™ platform, and VitalPatch® biosensor are designed for use in a broad range of inpatient and outpatient settings, such as hospital monitoring, post-discharge care, cardiac monitoring and pharmaceutical solutions

Originally Published on:

Top Patient Monitoring Solution Companies

[buttonholedlife]

Skream has actually discharged a brand new dubstep cd - Updates - Mixmag

Skream has discharged a brand new cd of dubstep material, which is readily available to purchase right now on Bandcamp.

Plastician recently discovered a safe packed with Skream's unreleased dubstep component, created from 2002 to 2010.

Skream has actually currently compiled eight of the tracks from 2002-20013 and placed all of them up for sale as a cd titled 'Unreleased Classics Vol.1 2003 - 2003'. The title indicates even more volumes are set to follow.Listen to the songs as well as purchase the cd here.Patrick Hinton is Mixmag's Digital

Features Publisher, follow him on

This content was originally published here.