#Dinar Investment companies

[iraqdinar]

News Headlines Out of Iraq Making DInar RV Seem Inevitable

The headlines coming out of Iraq and surrounding nations from over Christmas weekend in the West are in my opinion definitely overwhelmingly positive, at least as it relates to all of us whom the official state media has ridiculed as fools and conspiracy theorists. It appears as though the events chronicles bellow in Arabic and Israeli news sources suggest strongly that all conditions necessary for the Iraqi dinar to revalue are finally all present.

The CIA probably will and may already have engaged in false flag attacks in Iraq to blame on Iran because democrats and Rinos do not want this to happen (the dinar to revalue) thanks to a Trump signing Executive Order 13818. This EO allows the government to seize the property of say, everyone who’s every been to Jeffrey Epsein’s island, which would include everyone who planned the Kuwaiti dinar revaluation, the Iraqi dinar revaluation (at least those still alive) and have committed many, many crimes against humanity.

People like the Bushes, Clintons, their handlers and their successors at America’s one time intelligence agencies-turned-hostile-rulers via coup and most everyone else involved in the planning of the dinar currency revaluation in America at least don’t want it to happen because they’ve sold their souls to the devil (in my humble opinion) and and are committed to America’s destruction.

Obama mainly created ISIS to stop this from happening. Looks like it’ll happen anyway. Maybe 20 years after some expected, but better late than never.

Like the Jews as they wandered upon escape from Egypt, we’ve endured tremendous inconvenience, in some cases suffering, ridicule, isolation and loss of relationships with friends and family. Point being we’ve all endured hardships because our faith was so strong we stood by it in the face of adversity.

The path of least resistance would have been to take the word of those who invest SO MUCH time and effort to convince us that we are wrong, assume that if sounds too good to be true it must be so, and do our best to avoid thinking about it. Assume it’s all a big scam, that those selling it only buy to sell and aren’t in most cases more heavily invested than any of their customers (never-mind that most of us are).

Large corporate interests like several based in California and a few in Florida, New York and the East Coast likely think people who invest in their products are fools, don’t believe in them themselves and (if ethics is even a concern that crosses their minds), justify it by saying, ‘if they’re going to waste money on it, it might as well be us profiting. Maybe it’s just me, but I prefer not to deal with companies that treat me like I’m livestock.

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[mariacallous]

On Sept. 14, Algeria’s constitutional court certified President Abdelmadjid Tebboune’s reelection to a second—and final—term in office. Under Tebboune, Algeria has taken steps to transform its economy, making significant progress in the areas of infrastructure, housing, and agriculture. But its economy lacks diversification and unemployment is high. In 2023, youth unemployment stood at 31 percent, according to the U.S. International Labor Organization (ILO).

Historically, Algeria’s economy has struggled for two main reasons: decades of socialism and dependence on hydrocarbon revenues. That combination left Algeria stuck between a state-run and a market economy. A series of anti-corruption crackdowns over decades also made many entrepreneurs wary of risk-taking and innovation.

There’s no denying that Algeria is a petrostate. It has the 10th-largest proven natural gas reserves and third-largest untapped shale gas resources globally, and it is also the world’s fourth-largest gas exporter, according to the U.S. International Trade Administration. Sonatrach, Algeria’s national oil company, found that two-thirds of the Algerian prospective acreage remains underexplored. In 2023, Algeria’s oil and natural gas exports have accounted for 20 percent of its GDP, 90 percent of its exports, and 60 percent of its fiscal revenues.

But Algeria is also a country with vast untapped potential—and with the right economic reforms, it can become much more than a petrostate.

While Algeria’s hydrocarbon sector has powered the economy for decades, the capital-intensive nature of the sector has done little to help create decent jobs. To move forward, Algeria needs to rekindle a culture of entrepreneurship, attract investment, and reduce its dependence on hydrocarbons. Agriculture, mining, renewable energy, logistics, manufacturing, tourism, and digital services are all sectors where Algeria could excel.

After Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962, its industrial policy aimed to develop heavy industry largely failed and its economic institutions became dependent on the hydrocarbon industry. Since then, Sonatrach has been the cornerstone of country’s economy. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), hydrocarbon revenues constituted about 60 percent of the Algerian government’s budget revenues in 2023—making government expenditures just as volatile as the oil market, which has posed a challenge for the country. Following a balance of payment crisis in the 1990s, the IMF imposed a drastic fiscal adjustment program designed to open the Algerian economy. This came at the onset of Algeria’s “black decade,” when the country was battling terrorism. Severe budget cuts and a massive devaluation of the Algerian dinar led to spiraling inflation, making an already dark period even worse.

Fear of being subject to another so-called international diktat has been an important driver of Algeria’s prudent economic stewardship ever since. To date, Algeria barely has any external debt. That is the result of an over two-decade-old policy to limit dependency on international capital markets.

Add to that the complex legacy of over a century of French colonization, which has made economic sovereignty a central tenet of how Algeria does business. The state has a pervasive role in the economy, where it constantly bails out deficient state-owned enterprises. A large informal sector has formed in reaction to overregulation and other barriers to entry. The informal sector is estimated to comprise around 30 percent of Algeria’s GDP and 37 percent of its workforce. Too many talented Algerians have elected to leave the country amid these conditions, creating a brain drain. Reversing that brain drain is a tall order for Algeria.

The country’s pathway to prosperity requires striking a balance between economic sovereignty and an openness to international trade and foreign investment. Algeria could achieve a hybrid form of state capitalism in key sectors such as energy, agriculture, and the defense industry, while also opening other sectors like manufacturing, transportation, tourism, and finance to direct foreign investment, much like China has done. Full economic liberalization is neither likely nor desirable for Algeria.

Three pillars would underpin Algeria’s economic transformation.

First, Algeria needs to articulate a vision for its transformation with key performance indicators. These will help the government evaluate its progress against set goals, similar to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 plan. The plan aims to diversify the country’s economy and limit its dependence on oil. As part of this effort, the Saudi government has undertaken a wide array of reforms and built massive infrastructure projects. So far, it has been financed exclusively by the state. Algeria would have to put a greater focus on mobilizing private sector investment.

The horizon for an Algeria 2030 plan should be in the not-too-distant future, ideally in the next five years. It could lay out a roadmap for macroeconomic and structural reforms in key sectors including energy, mining, agriculture, digital technology, and finance. Several emerging platforms in ride-sharing and e-commerce point to Algeria’s potential to modernize its economy. Yet in the finance world, Algerian authorities have been hesitant to open the banking sector and allow fintech to take root.

In clearly articulating the goals of Algeria 2030, leaders have an opportunity to build a shared vision for economic transformation with the support of their citizenry. Doing so will make the country more attractive to foreign investors, too. Algerian authorities should embrace the debate on economic policy, including via independent think tanks. But there are too few, owing to government policies to discourage or ban them. Allowing such institutions to create and diffuse ideas would provide journalists and others with the information they need to hold governments accountable. Providing an opportunity to rally the population behind a new vision must be an integral part of Algeria’s transformative agenda.

Second, Algeria should consider the creation of a sovereign wealth fund from hydrocarbon and other mineral revenues. As Algeria pursues more fiscal discipline and transparency, the country could accumulate savings into its sovereign wealth fund. In turn, it could invest these savings into foreign assets with strategic importance for the country, such as energy, agrobusiness, or technology sectors. The sovereign wealth fund would not only help Algeria achieve relatively high returns and familiarize it with international markets, but it would also help with technology transfer and localization of production by acquiring stakes in companies investing in the country, just like how Botswana acquired a 15 percent stake in the De Beers mine.

Algeria missed the opportunity to build a sovereign wealth fund in the 2000s, when energy prices reached record high levels due to China’s rising demand. Notwithstanding the uncertainty surrounding the direction of oil prices, Algeria accumulated a healthy $69 billion in international reserves in 2023. The opportunity cost of holding such large reserve levels is high not only in returns—reserves are invested in low-risk, low-yield securities—but also in what Algeria could gain from engaging with the world economy. In a promising step, the Algerian government announced this month that it would resume external borrowing, including from multilateral and bilateral institutions, after decades of a quasi-ban.

Third, Algeria should set up special economic zones to attract much-needed investors and create jobs. Special economic zones can help bypass red tape and complex bureaucracy—something Algeria is notorious for. The city of Shenzhen, China, is an example where creating a special economic zone amounted to a success story: A once-deficient business environment flourished once it promoted tax- and free-market incentives.

The Algeria 2030 plan would articulate reforms to simplify investment in the country. But changing those norms will take time. Establishing special economic zones would showcase openness to foreign investors and could jumpstart key sectors such as tourism and logistics, which would create many jobs.

Algeria is at a crossroads. Tebboune has an opportunity to put forward and implement an ambitious and credible vision for economic transformation. He must take advantage of it.

[dinarspay]

DinarsPay ($DINARS): More Than Just a Token

The phrase "utility token" has gained popularity in the emerging cryptocurrency sector. While many digital assets exist simply for speculative purposes, DinarsPay ($DINARS) stands out as a token with a clear and compelling use case. This article explores the varied functions of $DINARS in the DinarsPay ecosystem.

A Cornerstone of the DinarsPay Ecosystem

$DINARS is the core of the DinarsPay platform. It is the primary mechanism for exchanging the numerous services and items accessible inside the ecosystem. $DINARS enables easy and secure payments for both peer-to-peer transactions and online purchases.

Beyond Payments: The Utility of $DINARS

Governance: $DINARS holders enjoy the privilege of participating in the platform's governance decisions. Through a decentralized voting system, token holders can actively shape the future of DinarsPay.

Rewards and Incentives: The platform employs a robust rewards system that incentivizes $DINARS holders. Users can earn rewards through various activities, such as referrals, staking, and platform engagement.

Access to Exclusive Services: As a token holder, you gain access to exclusive services and features offered by DinarsPay. This might include priority customer support, early access to new products, and invitations to exclusive events.

Deflationary Mechanics: DinarsPay incorporates deflationary mechanisms to enhance the token's value over time. This can be achieved through token burns, buyback programs, and other innovative strategies.

Features of Dinars Token

The fantastic characteristics of the Dinars token are listed below.

Reliability: Dinarstoken can handle any number of transactions without the fear of the network failing or slowing down.

Centralized wallet: With centralized or custodial cryptocurrency wallets, third parties send, store, or receive crypto assets. It is the only one who has access to and control over the funds in Dinars' custodial wallet.

Security: To prevent hackers and other fraudulent users from altering any transactions involving digital assets or the network, Dinarstoken uses the Binance Smart Chain network for transaction confirmation.

Minimal costs: Dinarstoken will have a considerably lower charge than any other major online payment system, enabling users to send, receive, or utilize any number of Dinarstokens for a very little amount of money.

Adverse revenue: To be qualified for passive income, you must get and maintain Dinarstoken. After a predetermined period, token holders receive a proportionate share of the revenue generated by the company's operations.

Utilization: Unlike other cryptocurrencies, whose value is dependent on speculation and market hype surrounding supply and demand, Dinarstoken has a definite utility inside the DinarsPay ecosystem.

Objectivity: Open access to information is made possible by the blockchain's transparent and unchangeable nature, which guarantees accurate data records, completely transparent processes, and fair conditions for all stakeholders.

Mobile App Availability

Users may transmit DinarsPay tokens to one another for free using our DinarsPay mobile app.

Our state-of-the-art mobile application combines the practicality and usefulness of digital payments with the contemporary tools of currencies and alternative investment strategies.

Users can access financial assets and the latest advancements in decentralized finance. 

Conclusion

More than simply a digital asset, DinarsPay ($DINARS) fosters innovation, financial inclusion, and user empowerment. Users may recognize the genuine value proposition of the token by comprehending its function and place in the larger ecosystem. The $DINARS coin is positioned to become an essential component of the global financial landscape as DinarsPay grows and changes.

For More Info:

Website : https://dinarspay.com/register 

Telegram : https://t.me/dinarspay

TikTok : www.tiktok.com/@dinarspay 

[dlnar-exchange]

Trust the Process: A Step-by-Step Guide to Securely Buying Iraqi Dinar for Financial Growth

In the ever-evolving landscape of investment opportunities, some ventures stand out for their potential to yield substantial returns. One such avenue that has caught the attention of investors is the Iraqi Dinar. However, like any investment, it is crucial to approach it with caution and a thorough understanding of the process to ensure financial growth. This guide will navigate the steps in securely buying Iraqi dinars, emphasising trust.

Understanding the Iraqi Dinar

The Iraqi Dinar (IQD) is the official currency of Iraq and has been subject to various economic fluctuations over the years. Investors are drawn to the potential for the Dinar to appreciate, but it's essential to recognise the associated risks. Before diving in, research Iraq's economic and political climate, as these factors can significantly impact the currency's value.

Research and Education

The foundation of any successful investment is knowledge. Start by thoroughly researching the Iraqi Dinar, including its historical performance, current economic indicators, and any political developments that might affect its value. Consult reputable financial news sources and seek advice from financial experts specialising in currency markets.

Choose a Reliable Currency Exchange

You must find a reliable and reputable currency exchange service, such as Dinar Exchange, to acquire the Iraqi Dinar. Look for companies with a solid track record, positive customer reviews, and transparent business practices. Verify that the exchange service complies with relevant regulations and has operating licenses.

Create an Account

Once you've identified a trustworthy currency exchange, could you create an account with them? Be prepared to provide necessary identification documents, as compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) and knowing your customer (KYC) regulations is essential for legal and secure transactions.

Determine Your Investment Strategy

Before making any financial commitments, it's crucial to establish your investment strategy. Consider risk tolerance, investment goals, and the number of Iraqi dinars you wish to purchase. Develop a clear plan that aligns with your financial objectives and revisit it periodically to make adjustments as needed.

Monitor the Exchange Rate

The value of the Iraqi Dinar is subject to fluctuations in the foreign exchange market. Keep a close eye on exchange rates and market trends to make informed decisions about when to buy or sell. Utilise reliable financial tools and resources to stay updated on real-time market information.

Execute Your Purchase

When you're ready to invest, log in to your currency exchange account and execute the purchase order. Ensure you follow the guidelines and double-check the transaction details to prevent errors. Reputable currency exchange services like bank transfers or credit cards typically offer secure payment options.

Securely Store Your Investment

After completing the purchase, it's crucial to secure your investment. Consider transferring your Iraqi Dinar to a secure wallet or safe deposit box. For future reference, maintain documentation of your transaction records, including purchase receipts and confirmation emails.

Investing in the Iraqi Dinar can be a strategic move for those seeking diversification in their portfolio. Still, it's imperative to approach the process with diligence and trust in the steps outlined above. By conducting thorough research, choosing a reliable currency exchange, and staying informed about market trends, you can increase the likelihood of a secure and potentially rewarding investment in the Iraqi Dinar. Remember, trust the process, and make decisions based on a well-informed understanding of the market dynamics to foster financial growth.

[myblogsinn]

The Indian Rupee to Bahraini Dinar: A Currency Journey

The currency exchange rate between the Indian Rupee (INR) and the Bahraini Dinar (BHD) has always been of great interest to individuals and businesses alike. This exchange rate plays a crucial role in international trade, tourism, remittances, and investment opportunities between these two nations. Understanding the factors influencing this exchange rate can provide valuable insights into their respective economies and highlight the benefits and challenges associated with currency conversion.

The Indian Rupee has a rich history dating back to ancient times, with records of currency in various forms being used for centuries. However, it was not until 1950 that the first modern Indian Rupee was introduced. Since then, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has been responsible for its regulation and preservation. On the other hand, the Bahraini Dinar has a relatively shorter history, with the currency being established in 1965. The Central Bank of Bahrain oversees the management and stability of the Dinar.

Factors Influencing the Exchange Rate

Several factors contribute to the fluctuating exchange rate between the Indian Rupee and the Bahraini Dinar. Some of the key factors include:

1. Economic Performance: The overall economic performance of both nations can significantly impact the exchange rate. Strong economic growth, high stability, and low inflation rates tend to attract foreign investors, boosting the value of the local currency.

2. Interest Rates: Differing interest rates between India and Bahrain can also affect the exchange rate. Higher interest rates usually attract international investors, increasing demand for the currency and subsequently strengthening its value.

3. Political Stability: Political stability and geopolitical events can have a substantial impact on the exchange rate. Uncertainty or disruptive events can lead to currency depreciation, affecting trade and investment flows between the two nations.

4. Bilateral Trade: The volume and nature of trade between India and Bahrain directly influence the exchange rate. A trade surplus in one country can place upward pressure on its currency, while a trade deficit can weaken it.

5. Central Bank Interventions: Central banks often intervene in currency markets to regulate exchange rates. The RBI and the Bahraini Central Bank play an important role in maintaining stability and regulating currency fluctuations through interventions.

Currency Conversion Benefits and Challenges:

The exchange rate between the Indian Rupee and the Bahraini Dinar presents both benefits and challenges for various stakeholders:

1. Benefit for Indian Expatriates: Bahrain is home to a sizable Indian community, and the exchange rate plays a crucial role in determining the value of remittances sent back to India. A favorable exchange rate can increase the purchasing power of Indian expatriates' earnings and contribute to their families' financial well-being.

2. Investment Opportunities: Individuals and businesses seeking investment opportunities between the two nations can benefit from a favorable exchange rate. It encourages foreign direct investment, promotes trade, and enhances economic cooperation.

You may frequently find Western Union locations at various banks, exchange offices, or particular Western Union agent sites all around Bahrain if you need to send money from Bahrain to another country. 

NEC is a reputable money transfer and exchange company in Bahrain. When transferring money online with us, get the best prices. The Reliable Currency Exchange and Money Transfer Expert in Bahrain is NEC.

[globalcurrencyreset]

Dinar Corp Reviews - Should You Buy From Them?

A preview of what you are going to read below: My guide to buying dinar online Why I don't recommend you buy dinar from anyone The F rating the BBB gives this company Screenshots of websites used for reputation management A video of back link strategies, who is promoting this company right now. Read more at https://twitter.com/globalresetguy/status/579114357566648320

[historic-old-guard-lover]

How good is each old guard at maths and arithmetic and handling money ? ( Personally I think Yusuf is the best since he was a merchant from a society that heavily emphasized maths and science )

In an attempt to keep this post a reasonable length, I’m actually going to focus on key points in the history of money (and the required skills and concepts for its use). If you want me to overview the history of math like number patterns, numeral systems, geometry, etc., just submit a second ask!

TL;DR: Headcannons For Each Immortal’s Background with Money:

Lykon: has an amazing memory for debts, carries an bag of tally sticks and I.O.Us, uncanny ability to keep cowrie shells safe

Andy: wishes that literally wearing money hadn’t gone out of style but can begrudgingly appreciate how much easier coins made life, is very happy when someone else manages the finances (she was a god, they don’t pay) 

Quynh: likes to remind people that paper money was invented in the East (especially if she is from the very north of Vietnam which was part of the Song Empire), the quickest with numbers of the older members but can’t be trusted to hold onto the currency

Joe: designated banker of the group, picked up reading economics papers a few centuries ago for fun, knows the exchange rate of their destination even if he forgets where they’re going, definitely the one in charge of remembering which banks have their savings

Nicolo: got lazy after traveling with Joe for a while and just points to him when someone asks about money, 110% a gold-digger who spent all his wealth to come first crusade and then married a rich husband and 110% does not care when Nile calls him one, if you were insistent you’d realize that he’s picked up pieces of information from reading over Joe’s shoulder

Booker: pretty good at picking investments but makes sure to have Joe approve all of his major decisions, spent years as Joe’s apprentice and is now allowed to do most of the online banking so that Joe doesn’t have to, enjoys messing with people on the stock market (especially shorting stocks for famous companies - he’s in for the LONG run)

Nile: thought she was great at budgeting until she met everyone else, confuses and frustrates everyone by insisting that they should invest in bitcoin, gets overwhelmed when Joe and Booker lay out their financial system after she insists that she gets involved (she didn’t even know that there were that many banks!) and then never asks again

The underlying skills of managing money are nothing new to humanity. Humans have been keeping “count” for a long time. The oldest tool for documenting numbers and quantities is the “tally stick” which is exactly what it sounds like: a stick or bone that people kept track of things on. The oldest artifact found so far that archaeologists believe represents an attempt at recording numbers is the Lebombo bone which is between 44,200 and 43,000 years old. The current hypothesis is that tally sticks and similar tools helped keep track of money before the invention of writing (briefly discussed in this earlier post), but it is impossible to know for certain how the earliest money worked. This means that even the oldest members of the Old Guard who predate writing needed some experience with basic arithmetic and budgeting.

[ID: picture of the Lebombo bone showing the intentional tally marks.]

This brings us to the two broad categories for what money can represent: “money of account (debits and credits on ledgers) and money of exchange (tangible media of exchange made from clay, leather, paper, bamboo, metal, etc.)” as Wikipedia’s History of Money page explains. We’ve just covered “money of account” with the tally stick and writing. The “money of exchange” is also straightforward, a medium to convey the transfer of wealth. The value needs to be linked to something (redemption credit or inherent value), but this concept predates semi-precious metal coinage that most people picture. You can think redemption credits as early “I.O.U.” papers that would be traded around. The important part of “money of exchange” or currency is that it’s a physical object and not an abstract concept like “debt” that has no physical state (ie. you can’t own negative money). The currencies before coin-based money were livestock or agricultural products (or representative tokens) starting around  ~9000 - 6000 BCE and cowrie shells around 1200 BCE in China. Fun fact: cowrie shells are both the currency that was the most widely used and lasted the longest. You go, you funky little mollusks!

[ID: ~6 visible threads of cowrie shells labelled as “NATIVE SHELL MONEY” with the note “Sections of “cowries” thread on cane. New Ireland, Pacific. Presented by Mr. J. F. Cockerell”]

Not to be a smart-ass, but I think that Lykon, Andy, and Quynh deserve credit for the best money-handlers in the literal sense. Physically, a cowrie shell is much more breakable than a piece of copper. I can only imagine how many shells would get accidentally crushed when falling off a horse or throwing your bag to the ground. If you dropped it, it was gone. I could never do it. I can barely let someone else keep track of *digital money* I’ve never seen in bank accounts. That is the idea behind history of money in my opinion: it becomes more and more abstract. It has always required abstraction since it replaced the literal exchange of goods for goods (bartering), but the digital era makes it possible for someone to hypothetically never see government-issued money in order to participate in exchange. Back to the old folks of the Old Guard, they understand money but probably don’t care for the craziness of the banking industry because money to them was always very physical. You wore you money or hide it, but you never misplaced it because then you had no way of regaining it.

After the invention and standardization of coinage, which Yusuf and Nicolo benefit from, the next big innovation is the invention of paper money or the banknote. (Note: yes, I’m skipping a whole bunch of history, but feel free to scroll through images of medieval coins here. Once coins are invented, they just get changed so much, any time the ruler changes. They’re a good historical tool and help show cultural exchange, but kinda boring in terms of invention.) True paper money appears first in Song dynasty China in the 11th century CE. It’s considered different from previous forms of paper currency (aka I.O.U.s or promissory notes) because the government issued them and specified their redeemable value in coinage. It’s like they say, running out of copper is the mother of invention. With the expansion of the Mongol Empire (who I love and wrote about here), paper money started becoming a thing throughout the rest of Eurasia as part of a coinage exchange system around 1200 CE.

At this point, we’ve built up the basic system of money that will become the basis for Booker and Nile’s understanding of currency. You may think that they have a distinct advantage over things like banking and exchange rates, but you’ve overlooked the Islamic Golden Age (a classic blunder!). Using the caliphate’s gold dinar as a stable currency system, Muslim economists invented “credit,[90] cheques, promissory notes,[91] savings accounts, transactional accounts, loaning, trusts, exchange rates, the transfer of credit and debt,[92] and banking institutions for loans and deposits[92]” from the 7th to 12th centuries CE. As a merchant, Yusuf has been involved with banking his entire life and is probably the best at it. He might need a little help with technology because of e-trading and online banking (provided by either Booker or Nile), but he grew up with one of the earliest “modern” banking systems.

[ID: the two faces of a gold dinar issued during the reign of the Fatimid emir Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah in Mansuriyah in 344 AH (955 CE).]

It’s no wonder that Europeans wanted to invade the Islamic Empire - I’d be jealous too! Nicolo can have some credit, too. The European middle ages saw the invention of “trade bills of exchange” which we can understand as multi-purpose notes which could both act like a traveler’s check (deposit somewhere, withdraw money elsewhere) or a loan (take one out, then pay it back later). Get the pun now? It’s an early multi-purpose credit system that was handy for trade. Nicolo wouldn’t have been totally helpless with money and understood the basic tenants of banking (like credit) if he has a wealthy background, but I think he would have been impressed with the Islamic Caliphate’s systems.

The next innovation in banking is the establishment of the “fractional-reserve system.” This wasn’t possible until the establishment of the first central bank (the Swedish Riksbank) in 1668. Prior to this, you were supposed to be able to go up to a bank, ask them their worth, and then see the actual money that gave them their value. This would sometimes cause bank failures because too many people requiring that you give them the sum of their account at once (called a bank run) would bankrupt a bank as they tried to collect on loans and stocks to get the cash. In comes fractional-reserve banking in which a centralized body like a national bank sets up rules on how much money a bank needs to keep physically on-hand for the loans it makes. These rules, backed by national assistance, allowed bankers to make loans and credit less risky; as long as they always kept say ten percent of all the money they were in charge of, the government would temporarily help them out if everyone wanted their money suddenly. This means that Booker is the first immortal born after the establishment of modern banking, characterized by international exchange, government-stabilized banking, and venture capitalism. As a forger, he clearly has experience with money.  Don’t be sad for Nile because there is one innovation that characterizes her lifetime: cryptocurrency.

[ID: an infographic summarizing how bitcoin works.]

Remember how I mentioned that money has become increasingly abstract? Cryptocurrency, starting with Bitcoin in 2008, is the total abstraction of wealth: it only exists as ledger entries. The entire system has no physical basis, not even a government guaranteeing that it has value. I grew up with Bitcoin and even I am confounded any time that I ponder it. Quite frankly, it proves to me that fiat money (money without inherent value, ie. a coin of gold versus a piece of green cotton that says $1) doesn’t make sense. Nile, who has been surrounded by modern computing for her entire life, is the one best suited to understand cryptocurrency and other digital banking systems. Andy feels like it might be dark magic, Joe is horrified, and Booker is torn between awe and terror.

[worldbanksnews]

Central Bank of Kuwait

Central Bank of Kuwait

[vc_row][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Central Bank of Kuwait (CBK) Central Bank of Kuwait (CBK) is the Government’s sole agent for control of monetary policy and the supervision of banks, insurance and investment companies. Its primary objective is to issue the Kuwaiti Dinar on behalf of the State of Kuwait, to direct credit policy to assist social and…

[paneramenulist]

Panera Sandwich Menu

The Best Panera Sandwiches, Salads

This is all to say: I even have hundreds of feelings about Panera and it was a dream of mine to attend to retry the entire menu in a single sitting for 10 years at the naked minimum. For any Panera newbie, here are my pinnacle alternatives that I noticeably advise:

The Best Tea: Green Tea

It's literally a grown-up Pacific Cooler Capri Sun, and I'm *not* crazy about it. It's like there was a juicy kiwi and a green tea collectively coming here as one.

The Best Sandwich: Frontega Chicken ToastedI couldn't bring this sandwich down here. Panera Sandwich Menu The smoked, pulled chicken is gentle, but the black pepper focaccia is gentle but toasted for a lovely crunch as it is taken over the threshold by the basil and chipotle mayo.

I have to write poems about it, every part of this sandwich performs collectively in agreement. Near second: 1st Baron Verulam Melt, Chipotle Publisher. You've got my heart. Still speaking about you.

Margherita: Best Flatbread

In the fall of 2020, Panera launched flatbreads as an everlasting menu item and I will definitely not take into account why it took this lengthy period for them to do it. They have 3 choices for flatbread: cheese, margherita, and chicken and bacon chipotle.

Best Salad: BBQ Chicken Barbecue

Two phrases: Frizzled. With onions. The BBQ ranch dressing and BBQ sauce with apple cider vinegar is tangy and smooth, making you almost forget nearly a whole bowl of Romaine. You are packed with hen, black beans, and maize weighing you down to make this the right mild but enjoyable salad.

The Best Cup: Bajaa Bowl

This is like a burrito bowl that has been deconstructed. The combination of brown rice and quinoa is hearty and tends to be a whole meal. The fact that this bowl comes with avocado and it does not charge much now already gives this a plus one in my e-book, but the feta chunks and salsa verde dressing is what really presented me. Healthy meals needn't be dull for you!

There really is nothing beautiful like a good cup of hot cocoa to wake you up as the temperature from the doors begins to drop and the hours get shorter. Without a question, hot chocolate is a seasonal item, even though in fact there is nothing wrong with ingesting it year-spherical or engaging in frozen heat chocolate until it begins to warm up from the doors.

But during the winter or excursion seasons, there is definitely something specific about ordering a warm cocoa. At Panera Bread, considering the fact that the brand new chocolate is certainly not always something special.

Panera's is not necessarily what you need, as wonderful as a cup of warm chocolate will possibly be. It's not quite chocolatey, and since it contains of as many toppings, the taste is not robust in any respect in the cocktail.

Panera's warm chocolate is something like hot milk with a light chocolate undertone, with the full detail. Panera's warm chocolate can also start off delicious with whipped cream and a caramel drizzle, but once the toppings are long past, the drink declines dramatically.

Dinar Guru - Summary

The biggest problems in present-day Iraq are civil war, political struggles, and western countries remaining away, with the serious likelihood of the world breaking into three distinct regions. If that happens, the payday for merchants keeping the Iraqi dinar and awaiting cost appreciation will never arrive.

Iraq, backed by the use of oil reserves, has the potential to spring back down and develop itself as a reliable financial structure. After 8-12 months of Iran-Iraq warfare, it succeeded in doing this. Guru of Dinar But in an attempt to build investor trust in a non-violent, promising economic climate, a good way, in turn, to help revitalise the financial system and get the IQD foreign exchange rate back to less depressed ranges.

For a number of years, the Iraqi Dinar (IQD) revaluation rumour has been round and appears to attract a wide spectrum of believers. "Human scores have bought Iraqi dinars from speedy-speaking promoters and online dinar forex dealers based on the company's belief that, when the forex is revalued, they would make windfall earnings allegedly up to 1,000 times their specific "investment.

[basicsofislam]

ISLAM 101: 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM: ALMS AND CHARITY: FIQH OF ZAKAT IN DETAIL: POSSESSIONS ARE SUBJECT TO ZAKAT (Part 1)

WHICH POSSESSIONS ARE SUBJECT TO ZAKAT?

The issue of trying to determine how much zakat needs to be spared from a certain item, and leveling what proportion, are all predicated upon the Qur’an and Sunna. Despite the Qur’an’s ardent emphasis on zakat, it has no specific pronouncement on the amount of nisab, which has been, in turn, explained by the Prophet (upon whom be peace).

The possessions subject to zakat can basically be encapsulated as livestock, moveable and immoveable assets, mines, agricultural harvests and commercial merchandise, all of which have different limits and amounts for nisab. In brief, the nisab for each item and the amount of zakat that needs to be spared from the item vary according to the item’s status. “One-fortieth” has generally been a pervasive measure among public, although this calculation only pertains to commercial merchandise and sheep. Thus minerals, mines, agricultural harvests and various livestock all have been assigned various amounts and proportions of nisab.

HOW IS ZAKAT GIVEN ON MOVEABLE GOODS?

The zakat on gold and silver

Gold and silver, valuable assets in commercial life as items of jewelry, also cater to the ornamental needs of certain individuals, though it is forbidden for men to use gold jewelry. Regardless of commercial or ornamental utilization, those in possession of a nisab’s worth of gold or silver are required to pay its zakat, as attested to by the Qur’an:

O you who believe! Indeed many of the rabbis and priests devour the wealth of people by false means and debar them from the way of God. Those who hoard up gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of God, give tidings unto them of a painful punishment. The day shall come when their treasures shall be heated in hellfire; and their foreheads, sides and backs shall be branded with them (saying), “Here is that treasure that you hoarded up for yourselves; taste, now what you were hoarding up.”(Tawba 9:34-5)

In similar fashion, the Messenger of God has provided the following illustration: “There is no wealthy withholding the zakat of the gold and silver that will not have these possessions brought to them in the Day of Judgment, in the form of burning panels, additionally heated in the hellfire,

branding their sides, foreheads and backs. Each time these panels cool down, they will be reheated to return the torment, until the end of judgment, in a day equivalent to fifty thousand days. Then they will be shown the way, either to Paradise or to Hell.”1

As it is known, gold and silver were the currencies in circulation during the era of the Noble Messenger and the ensuing centuries, evaluated as both nuggets and jewelry. Even though, in this day and age, they are predominantly no longer utilized as currencies, they still occupy an undoubtedly important place as economic investments, which can be changed into currency with easeif the need arises. Moreover, their current use as jewelry is quite pervasive throughout society. Irrespective of the intention one has in possessing such goods, one is compelled to pay zakat on them once they have accumulated to a certain level.

Various figures exist in relation to the definition of a nisab of gold and silver, stemming from diverse interpretations of the measurements used during the time of the Prophet (upon whom be peace) in different areas, or simply put, according to traditional norms. The nisab of gold, however, has generally been identified as 85 grams and that of silver as 595 grams. According to a narration of Abu Said al-Hudri, the Messenger of God stated thatzakat is not required for silver less than 5 uqiyya’s (200 dirhams=595 grams).2 Anas ibn Malik, an official zakat collector during the era of Caliph Umar, asserted that he had been instructed to take ½ a dinar from every 20 dinars, a practice similar to that later followed by Caliph Ali.3

Taking the hadith and subsequent applications of the Companions into consideration, scholars have unanimously pinpointed the nisab of gold and silver as being 85 grams and 595 grams respectively, with an overall proportion of 2.5%.

The zakat on cash, checks and bonds

The banknotes in circulation today do not essentially possess value; rather they are simply papers assigned a nominal value. Though from the purely physical aspect they hold no resemblance to the gold and silver used during the time of the Prophet, they perform the same function. To be more precise, banknotes or cash have taken the place of gold and silver in commercial transactions. Thus, it is only logical that cash be evaluated according to the role it plays in trade; therefore, it is also integrated into the calculation of zakat, with a 2.5% ratio. Thus, a person in possession of checks or bonds equivalent to at least 595 grams of silver or 85 grams of gold must offer 2.5% of it as zakat, owing to the fact that nowadays, these have become the standard for the exchange of goods, as well as a potential means for buying.

The zakat on shares or investments

The practice of selling shares, propounded by companies within great investments to spread the capital among a large base and to incorporate into the commercial life the contribution of a multitude of people, can be assessed in two forms. The first denotes the capital invested during the beginning phase of a company; and the second indicates the investments that exist in the company as property or wealth.

Pertaining to the first type that involves investments in the foundation, the building and machinery, Hanafi scholars nurture a reluctant attitude in regards to subjecting it to zakat given that the investments end there. The Majalla Committee, organized by the Ottomans in the 19th century to systematically complete an official Islamic Code of law, nonetheless inclined towards the Malikis and opted in favor of giving zakat in such a situation, a verdict perhaps more fitting in terms of disseminating vigor in an otherwise dead investment. The investments within the company, on the other hand, must be assessed as commercial merchandise, with a 2.5% ratio of zakat, in that they can also be cashed in if required.

[dinarspay]

Grab DINARS at Half Price: Limited-Time Presale Opportunity!

Calling all progressive thinkers and crypto enthusiasts! This is your opportunity to invest in DINARSPAY (DINARS), a potential new enterprise, from the ground up.

DINARSPAY is a groundbreaking blockchain technology initiative aimed at improving the financial environment. They intend to build a financial system that is safer, more effective, and more inclusive with DINARS, their native token, at its center.

But there's still more! Dinars are available at a steep discount during their special presale event for a short period. Yes, you're getting twice as many DINARS for your money! This is a great chance to start hoarding DINARS before they become widely available and potentially appreciated.

What is DinarsPay?

DinarsPay is an infrastructure for cryptocurrency payments that makes it simple for consumers to transact anywhere. The unique, faultless features and functions of our ecosystem show off its powers. We may investigate cutting-edge technology and trends with our flexible business models. We will only let companies engage in this economy if they align with our principles and objectives. We want to completely change how people view money, and this is only the start of a long journey that will begin with our ICO.

Why DINARS?

Here are a few strong arguments in favor of thinking about making an early presale investment in DINARS:

Disruptive Technology: DINARSPAY provides a special remedy to meet the increasing need for payments made using cryptocurrencies.

Reduced Cost: Purchasing DINARS tokens during the presale offers substantial savings over the token's eventual market value.

Early Mover Advantage: Take advantage of DINARSPAY’s development potential by being one of the first investors to do so. 

Strong Team: The initiative is supported by a group of seasoned experts who have a track record of success in the blockchain and fintech sectors.

Limited-Time Presale Opportunity

This is your opportunity to purchase a ground floor position at a discounted price in the DINARSPAY project. DINARS tokens are available at a considerable discount during the presale as compared to their anticipated exchange listing price. For investors, this offers a strong chance to amass DINARS tokens and perhaps profit from future price growth.

Pre-Sale 2: Gear Up for the Next Stage

Pre-Sale 2 is scheduled for later in the presale's phased structure. Keep checking back for further information on the precise time and specifics of Pre-Sale 2. It is anticipated to offer an even more alluring pricing point for individuals seeking to optimize their DINARS investment.

Pre-Sale 2 Heats Up!

Following the success of Pre-Sale 1, DinarsPay is thrilled to announce Pre-Sale 2. This is your opportunity to:

Lock in Savings: Secure $DINARS at a reduced price before the public launch.Shape the Future: Be an early adopter and contribute to the growth of DinarsPay's innovative payment system.Limited-Time Access: Before the public, have exclusive access to a small pool of $DINARS.

Join the DINARSPAY Community

Join the DINARSPAY community channels on Telegram or Discord to stay up to speed on the newest developments. This excellent method facilitates answering inquiries and keeping up to date on the project's progress while interacting with other investors.

Take advantage of this limited-time opportunity to purchase DINARS tokens at a reduced price! Join the DINARSPAY ecosystem by taking part in the presale.

Connect with Us:

Website: https://dinarspay.com/

Telegram: https://t.me/dinarspay 

[bruhnondress37-blog]

The Islamic style company is booming

Spending on premium Shariah-compliant clothing by Muslims is surging, equally as Islam is expanding and on course to come to be the world's largest religious beliefs by the center of the century. Muslim consumers invested about $266 billion on garments in 2013, the most recent year for which information is available, according to the State of the Global Islamic Economy 2014-2015 record appointed by Thomson Reuters and also Dinar Standard. They are expected to invest concerning $484 billion by 2019, Reuters price quotes. This growth will certainly accompany an explosion in the Muslim population from 1.6 billion to nearly 3 billion by 2050, the Pew Research Center lately estimated. In contrast, U.S. consumers spent $395 billion on clothes in 2013, according to Reuters. Developers around the globe have taken notification. The Islamic Fashion Festival, started in 2006 in Kuala Lumpur, has actually been held 17 times from New York to London, Jakarta, Dubai, Singapore, Monte Carlo and other cities, according to the group's website. Anas Sillwood, a Briton who transformed to Islam as well as transferred to Jordan in the 1990s, informed Bloomberg that he originally started a small Muslim fashion company in 2000 to aid spend for university. He currently has 3 shops and strategies to open up as many as 10 even more in the following five years. Dubai has actually established a special style area providing tax obligation breaks to designers and business ready to transfer to the city-state, according to Bloomberg. The emirate desires to come to be the world's Islam fashion capital. Muslims do not yet have an international garments brand name, which one specialist told Bloomberg he thinks is a possibility for Dubai. DKNY saw a possibility last summer season and also launched a Ramadan collection that marketed just in the Arabian Gulf. "The lack of a worldwide Islamic clothing brands provides an unique possibility for [United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.)] fashion developers," Abdul Rahman Saif Al Ghurair, a participant of the Dubai Islamic Economy Development Centre board informed Bloomberg. Turkey is the world's biggest consumer of Muslim clothing. Turks invested $39.3 billion on the goods in 2013, according to Reuters. The U.A.E. was 2nd with $22.5 billion spent. Those numbers will just climb up as Muslims end up being more mindful of the high-end fashions already ubiquitous in the Middle East.

[wahedproject]

Top Crypto Platforms for Trading

It is a fact that, during its time in existence, cryptocurrency has provided higher returns than any other asset class. Long term investors have found plenty of value, but so have the top traders around the world who are looking to make money from volatile markets. With bitcoin and the wider crypto market currently seeing a massive fall from its 2021 highs, the time to start building a trading portfolio is here. 

Being a natively-digital asset, Bitcoin and other crypto are best bought through online exchanges. Many of the popular trading platforms offer the option of trading between your local currency and a variety of the top cryptocurrencies, so your choice of exchange will depend on where in the world you live. In addition to top exchanges for your geographical area, there are also international exchanges that give you access to trading pairs that may not be available everywhere. Here are the top trading platforms for buy crypto online. 

1 Binance

The world’s largest exchange, by volume, Binance is the top choice for many traders. It offers all the tools a top trading house would have access to, while making it accessible for even the newest traders. 

Binance offers trading pairs including bitcoin, ethereum, stablecoins and binance’s own native crypto token BNB. among a large variety of currencies and altcoins. 

2 Coinbase

Forming an essential part of moving from fiat currency like the Dollar, Dinar and Euro to cryptocurrency, Coinbase is most people’s first experience with this market. Using a simple interface, most of the top crypto traders today took their first steps using this platform. 

Being among the most visible publicly-listed companies in the cryptocurrency space, Coinbase sets the standards for user experience and platform stability. Offering most of the major trading pairs, Coinbase should be an essential part of your exchange experience. 

3 FTX

Among the new entries among top trading platforms, FTX’s emergence into the cryptocurrency world was as impressive as it was sudden. Backed by some of the largest investment funds like Sequoia, its young team has experience from many of the top trading houses and cryptocurrency platforms from all over the world. 

Offering the top trading pairs such as BTC, ETH and stablecoins, as well as its native FTX token, this is an exchange that is ideal for traders of all experience levels. Its clean interface makes it a smooth process to participate in this international market, and to buy bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies online. 

4 WAHED Exchange

For aspiring top crypto traders in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and the rest of the Middle East, WAHED should be your preferred choice. Powered by WAHED Coin, this platform provides all the advantages of the top exchanges mentioned above, while giving the added bonus of making your money work for a good cause. 

With philanthropic giving forming a central part of WAHED, trading fees from the WAHED Exchange will go towards investing in climate and animal-rights projects. Becoming a top cryptocurrency trader can go hand-in-hand with being a considerate human being, and WAHED provides a world-class platform to do both. 

Offering both fiat and crypto trading pairs, WAHED Exchange offers an unprecedented access to tokens built on the Binance Smart Chain. Traders can get in on exciting projects early, and help the world fix social and climate change problems along the way. 

Conclusion

With the number of top exchanges available, choosing where to buy your crypto online can be a tricky first step. It is common practice among crypto traders to be present on multiple exchanges, so that you can get the most value and variety from the market.  Stay updated about all the developments around WAHED coin via our official website, Twitter, Facebook and Discord. Become a part of our mailing list and be the first to know about giveaways and exclusive offers.

[globalcurrencyreset]

Dinar Corp Reviews - Should You Buy From Them?

A preview of what you are going to read below: My guide to buying dinar online Why I don't recommend you buy dinar from anyone The F rating the BBB gives this company Screenshots of websites used for reputation management A video of back link strategies, who is promoting this company right now. Read more at http://www.facebook.com/theglobalcurrencyreset/posts/1615253612042807

[creativewritingforscammers101]

Global Unity

Greetings my beloved friend,

My name is Sheikh al Hinai, I worked as Manager overseeing the distribution of imported materials to the late Mr. Akihiko Saito, who suffered casualty and died during the Iraq crisis.

I am writing this personal letter to request your business cooperation.

This matter is in regards to Mr. Akihiko Saito, Japanese, who was a diplomat and a former member of the French Foreign Legion who worked for Hart Security Ltd., and an oil contractor with Abu Dhabi NationalOil Company  [ADNOC]. He was awarded a contract worth 80 Million KWD by ADNOC for the supply of oil drilling equipment.

He did receive a mobilization of 40million KWD, which is equivalent to £100.793.000,Million British Pounds, Immediately the contract award was approved, he did execute the contract but when during the final stage he ran into serious trouble with the militants.

He was subsequently killed on the 9th of May 2005.

I worked for Mr. Akihiko Saito, as a manager overseeing the distribution of imported materials. I am a Netherlands citizen.

I was very close to Mr. Akihiko, as I assisted him in communication and others during the process of the contract award.

I ensured that his balance contract payment of 40 Million Kuwaiti Dinar was secured accordingly and deposited with a Good Bank in BURKINA FASO.

I have the original copies of all the contract documents and I will send them to you for your perusal as soon as you confirm the receipt of this email.

The name of the Bank is BANQUE COMMERCIALE DU BURKINA FASO.

The wife of the late contractor is not in good health and she has given me approval for the process I am about to take.

She has guaranteed the process of securing offshore investment in their interest.

She does not want the brother of the late contractor to be aware of the deal as all her husbands’ assets are willed to her and her children and she wants a woman like her with children or without children to help her claim and keep the funds for her.

This is the primary reason why we have to keep this business confidential.

Mr. Hironobu Saito is a brother to Mr. Akihiko Saito but in the late contractors “will”, there is no mention of the name of Mr. Hironobu Saito, rather all assets are willed to the Wife of the late contractor and her little children.

As a business mogul, I want you to assist to secure the above sum (40 Million Kuwaiti Dinar) in your reliable bank account for investment whereas the bulk sum (80 million KWD held in Parex bank) would be an issue of later discussion since it was deposited with Parex Bank with a specified maturity Date.

All the original documents regarding the said contract are in my possession and will be forwarded to you accordingly.

A letter of authority would be issued in your favor As the next of kin, that would authorize you to receive the Investment Capital.

You shall make an immediate arrangement to hold a meeting with me to proceed with claiming the Investment Capital and transferring it to your reliable account through the help of some financial experts in BF.

As soon as I receive a response from you, I shall send you the entire contract papers for your perusal.

Below is the family’s specification for your consideration: -

1] Investment capital is 40,000.000.00.KWD [Forty Million Kuwaiti Dinar].

2] Areas of interest are Real Estates, Industries, Fisheries, Transports and Hotels.

3] Shares are subject to negotiations.

Take note that this transaction is 100% legitimate and risk free.

You shall be compensated for assisting to secure the funds for investment purposes Of 35% from the fund.

Please ensure that this matter is kept strictly confidential.

You can contact me with my personal emails.

Please get back to me with your personal details if you are willing to partner with me.

Thanks for honoring this invitation. Expecting your mail.

Best Regards,

Al-Sheikh Mohamed Asad AlKhalaf.

[basicsofislam]

ISLAM 101: ALMS AND CHARITY: VIRTUES OF ZAKAT: Part 12

POSSESSIONS ARE SUBJECT TO ZAKAT: Part 1

WHICH POSSESSIONS ARE SUBJECT TO ZAKAT?

The issue of trying to determine how much zakat needs to be spared from a certain item, and leveling what proportion, are all predicated upon the Qur’an and Sunna. Despite the Qur’an’s ardent emphasis on zakat, it has no specific pronouncement on the amount of nisab, which has been, in turn, explained by the Prophet (upon whom be peace).

The possessions subject to zakat can basically be encapsulated as livestock, moveable and immoveable assets, mines, agricultural harvests, and commercial merchandise, all of which have different limits and amounts for nisab. In brief, the nisab for each item and the amount of zakat that needs to be spared from the item vary according to the item’s status. “One-fortieth” has generally been a pervasive measure among the public, although this calculation only pertains to commercial merchandise and sheep. Thus minerals, mines, agricultural harvests, and various livestock all have been assigned various amounts and proportions of nisab.

HOW IS ZAKAT GIVEN ON MOVEABLE GOODS?

The zakat on gold and silver

Gold and silver, valuable assets in commercial life as items of jewelry, also cater to the ornamental needs of certain individuals, though it is forbidden for men to use gold jewelry. Regardless of commercial or ornamental utilization, those in possession of a nisab’s worth of gold or silver are required to pay its zakat, as attested to by the Qur’an:

O you who believe! Indeed many of the rabbis and priests devour the wealth of people by false means and debar them from the way of God. Those who hoard up gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of God, give tidings unto them of a painful punishment. The day shall come when their treasures shall be heated in hellfire; and their foreheads, sides, and backs shall be branded with them (saying), “Here is that treasure that you hoarded up for yourselves; taste, now what you were hoarding up.”(Tawba 9:34-5)

In similar fashion, the Messenger of God has provided the following illustration: “There is no wealthy withholding the zakat of the gold and silver that will not have these possessions brought to them in the Day of Judgment, in the form of burning panels, additionally heated in the hellfire,

branding their sides, foreheads and backs. Each time these panels cool down, they will be reheated to return the torment, until the end of judgment, in a day equivalent to fifty thousand days. Then they will be shown the way, either to Paradise or to Hell.”

As it is known, gold and silver were the currencies in circulation during the era of the Noble Messenger and the ensuing centuries, evaluated as both nuggets and jewelry. Even though in this day and age, they are predominantly no longer utilized as currencies, they still occupy an undoubtedly important place as economic investments, which can be changed into currency with ease if the need arises. Moreover, their current use as jewelry is quite pervasive throughout society. Irrespective of the intention one has in possessing such goods, one is compelled to pay zakat on them once they have accumulated to a certain level.

Various figures exist in relation to the definition of a nisab of gold and silver, stemming from diverse interpretations of the measurements used during the time of the Prophet (upon whom be peace) in different areas, or simply put, according to traditional norms. The nisab of gold, however, has generally been identified as 85 grams and that of silver as 595 grams. According to a narration of Abu Said al-Hudri, the Messenger of God stated that zakat is not required for silver less than 5 uqiyya’s (200 dirhams=595 grams). Anas ibn Malik, an official zakat collector during the era of Caliph Umar, asserted that he had been instructed to take ½ a dinar from every 20 dinars, a practice similar to that later followed by Caliph Ali.

Taking the hadith and subsequent applications of the Companions into consideration, scholars have unanimously pinpointed the nisab of gold and silver as being 85 grams and 595 grams respectively, with an overall proportion of 2.5%.

The zakat on cash, checks and bonds

The banknotes in circulation today do not essentially possess value; rather they are simply papers assigned a nominal value. Though from the purely physical aspect they hold no resemblance to the gold and silver used during the time of the Prophet, they perform the same function. To be more precise, banknotes or cash have taken the place of gold and silver in commercial transactions. Thus, it is only logical that cash is evaluated according to the role it plays in trade; therefore, it is also integrated into the calculation of zakat, with a 2.5% ratio. Thus, a person in possession of checks or bonds equivalent to at least 595 grams of silver or 85 grams of gold must offer 2.5% of it as zakat, owing to the fact that nowadays, these have become the standard for the exchange of goods, as well as a potential means for buying.

The zakat on shares or investments

The practice of selling shares, propounded by companies within great investments to spread the capital among a large base and to incorporate into the commercial life the contribution of a multitude of people, can be assessed in two forms. The first denotes the capital invested during the beginning phase of a company; the second indicates the investments that exist in the company as property or wealth.

Pertaining to the first type that involves investments in the foundation, the building, and machinery, Hanafi scholars nurture a reluctant attitude in regards to subjecting it to zakat given that the investments end there. The Majalla Committee, organized by the Ottomans in the 19th century to systematically complete an official Islamic Code of law, nonetheless inclined towards the Malikis and opted in favor of giving zakat in such a situation, a verdict perhaps more fitting in terms of disseminating vigor in an otherwise dead investment. The investments within the company, on the other hand, must be assessed as commercial merchandise, with a 2.5% ratio of zakat, in that they can also be cashed in if required.