#Diatreme

[thorsenmark]

Shiprock and a Look Across the New Mexico High Desert by Mark Stevens Via Flickr: A setting looking to the northwest while taking in views across the northern New Mexico high desert with a distant view to the Shiprock formation. This is at a roadside pullout along Indian Service Rte 13. With this image, I pulled back on the focal length to include more of the surrounding landscape to add to the setting in the image captured.

[coffeenuts]

Agathla Peak by ShutterJack https://flic.kr/p/2k85DYw

[rock-swag-tournament]

Rock Swag Tournament Round 1: Igneous Rocks Part 9

This is a matchup I've been looking forward to because both of these rocks do not currently form on earth, which is so cool.

Remember Bowen's Reaction Series? (Find it here, along with other igneous rock information). It tells us that certain minerals (particularly those with a lot of silica) require less heat to become molten. Meanwhile, our ultramafic minerals take a lot of heat to do the same.

Well, right now, the earth is plenty hot enough to melt mafic and felsic magmas. However, the earth has been cooling down over its 4.5 billion years of being a planet. Of course, the atmosphere is undoubtedly heating up due to human activity as we sit here and read this, but both the atmosphere AND the inside of the earth used to be much hotter. And it's a good thing, because if earth didn't cool off, we would all be super dead.

And so, a consequence of the earth cooling down is that ultramafic magmas really don't erupt anymore, which means ultramafic igneous rocks don't form anymore!

Komatiite specifically contains a lot of mangesium, and often shows spinifex texture, which is when olivine forms needle-like (acicular) grains.

And here's a word on kimberlite from out submitter (who also provided the picture at the top of the poll):

Type of peridotite that erupts from deep mantle sources in the form of diatremes (basically inverted volcano cones that are holes in the ground, sometimes called pipes). Commonly hosts diamonds bc it hits the diamond stability zone inside the mantle on the way up, but also brings up other xenoliths. Composition is mainly forsterite olivine [magnesium-rich olivine] and carbonates. When kimberlite magmas erupt they are extremely explosive due to the insane amounts of volatiles in it (one research calculated an ascent rate of 30 m/sec in comparison to Hawaiian type volcanoes having an ascent rate of 1.7 m/sec as its fastest...so that is CRAZY FAST). It's named after the Kimberly mines where it was first discovered BTW

And here's a kimberlite with a big ol' diamond.

And that's all from me unless anyone has questions :)

[rabbitcruiser]

Kayenta, AZ (No. 3)

Agathla Peak or Agathlan (Navajo: Aghaałą́, Spanish: El Capitan) is a peak south of Monument Valley, Arizona, which rises over 1,500 feet (460 meters) above the surrounding terrain. It is 7 miles (11 km) north of Kayenta and is visible from U.S. Route 163. The English designation Agathla is derived from the Navajo name aghaałą́ meaning 'much wool', apparently for the fur of antelope and deer accumulating on the rock. The mountain is considered sacred by the Navajo.

Agathla Peak is an eroded volcanic plug consisting of volcanic breccia cut by dikes of an unusual igneous rock called minette. It is one of many such volcanic diatremes that are found in Navajo country of northeast Arizona and northwest New Mexico. Agathla Peak and Shiprock in New Mexico are the most prominent. These rocks are part of the Navajo Volcanic Field, in the southern Colorado Plateau. Ages of these minettes and associated more unusual igneous rocks cluster near 25 million years.

Source: Wikipedia

[wigmund]

From Earth Science Picture of the Day; September 16, 2018:

Archive - Shiprock, New Mexico Photographer and Summary Author: Dr. Jack B. Share

Each Sunday we present a notable item from our archives. This EPOD was originally published September 15, 2012.

Shiprock gives the impression of having been volcanically thrust out from the sands of the Mancos desert, but this isn't the case. Shiprock is indeed a volcano but of a class called a diatreme, having formed explosively from gas-charged magma escaping at great velocity. It possessed a crater at the surface called a maar, but erosion has long since removed it along with much of the sedimentary strata through which it erupted. What we see now is the solidified plumbing that remains called a neck and its system of magma-radiating conduits called dikes. Thus, Shiprock is a partially-exhumed, erosionally-sculpted diatreme.

The entire Shiprock volcanic complex emplaced between 28 and 19 million years ago during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. Its maar crater is estimated to have been located 3,250 ft (991 m) above the present day land surface of the Mancos Shale. That means Shiprock erupted through most, if not all, of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway’s sandstones and shales as well as some overlying Tertiary sandstones. The tectonic forces that created the uplift of the Colorado Plateau were likely responsible for the diatreme’s placement within the Navajo Volcanic Field and its subsequent exhumation and erosion. Photo taken on July 5, 2012.

Photo Details: Camera Maker: Canon; Camera Model: Canon EOS 7D; Focal Length: 69.0mm; Aperture: f/8.0; Exposure Time: 0.0040 s (1/250); ISO equiv: 100; Software: Adobe Photoshop Elements 5.0 Windows.

Shiprock, New Mexico Coordinates: 36.6875, -108.836389

Related Links

Shiprock

Geology of the Colorado Plateau

Jack's Website

Student Links

A Field Trip to Maar Volcanoes

Create Sedimentary Strata

Earth Observatory

Shiprock Formation, New Mexico

[plokoonsdisapprovingeyebrows]

ive got another one for the collection of rock vegetables

FORBIDDEN CARROT

[vainaspaver]

Agathla Peak by ShutterJack +

[data-and-vision]

[geoledgy]

can I join volcano rp tumblr by being a kimberlite diatreme my specialty

[thorsenmark]

A Distant View Across Colorado to Shiprock (Mesa Verde National Park) by Mark Stevens Via Flickr: A view looking to the southwest to a distant Shiprock at Park Point Lookout in Mesa Verde National Park. Even while zooming in with the focal length, I was able to still capture some of the surrounding national park landscape to add to this setting with the image.

[skrzydlanawietrze]

W oczach rozbłysnęło sto milionów gwiazd Przy ramionach czule tańczą twoje dłonie Szept najczulszych słów otula tkliwość w nas Ciało pożądaniem całe płonie Delikatnie mnie dotykasz niczym motyl Pieszczotliwie muskający skrzydeł wiatrem Serca rytm rozbrzmiewał będzie potem W tym momencie czułość płynie diatrem Wydobywa się w najgłębszych szczelin duszy Gdzie emocje kłębią w nas się niczym lawa Wciąż spragniona głębi twoich źrenic Czuję pasję co na miłość mi zakrawa

[j-august]

At some point shortly after his being hired by Walsh, he developed a strong belief that the Busang claim was exactly such a diatreme. He wrote academic-sounding papers on it and gave presentations at mining conferences. (This is normal behaviour, by the way, for the geological staff of small mining companies. It is part of the capital-raising process and by no means evidence of dishonesty in and of itself. Like the pool hall next to a saloon, however, geological presentations at investor conferences are often places where trouble starts.)

Dan Davies, Lying for Money

[wigmund]

From Earth Science Picture of the Day; January 6, 2018:

Encore - Shiprock, New Mexico

Today and every Saturday Earth Science Picture of the Day invites you to rediscover favorites from the past. Saturday posts feature an EPOD that was chosen by viewers like you in our monthly Viewers' Choice polls. Join us as we look back at these intriguing and captivating images.

Photographer and Summary Author: Dr. Jack B. Share

Shiprock gives the impression of having been volcanically thrust out from the sands of the Mancos desert, but this isn't the case. Shiprock is indeed a volcano but of a class called a diatreme, having formed explosively from gas-charged magma escaping at great velocity. It possessed a crater at the surface called a maar, but erosion has long since removed it along with much of the sedimentary strata through which it erupted. What we see now is the solidified plumbing that remains called a neck and its system of magma-radiating conduits called dikes. Thus, Shiprock is a partially-exhumed, erosionally-sculpted diatreme.

The entire Shiprock volcanic complex emplaced between 28 and 19 million years ago during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. Its maar crater is estimated to have been located 3,250 ft (991 m) above the present day land surface of the Mancos Shale. That means Shiprock erupted through most, if not all, of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway’s sandstones and shales as well as some overlying Tertiary sandstones. The tectonic forces that created the uplift of the Colorado Plateau were likely responsible for the diatreme’s placement within the Navajo Volcanic Field and its subsequent exhumation and erosion. Photo taken on July 5, 2012.

Photo Details: Camera Maker: Canon; Camera Model: Canon EOS 7D; Focal Length: 69.0mm; Aperture: f/8.0; Exposure Time: 0.0040 s (1/250); ISO equiv: 100; Software: Adobe Photoshop Elements 5.0 Windows.

Ship Rock, New Mexico Coordinates: 36.6875, -108.836389

Related Links

Shiprock

Cretaceous Paleogeography, Southwestern US

Geology of the Colorado Plateau

Jack's Website

Student Links

A Field Trip to Maar Volcanoes

Earth Observatory

Shiprock Formation, New Mexico

[sparklestheunicorn15]

ABANDONED: Exploring the Quarry, Hornsby, NSW, Australia

Hornsby Quarry was operated by private businesses from the early 1900s until 2002, when it became unprofitable and Hornsby Shire Council was legally obliged to buy it from CSR Limited.

A decision by the Valuer-General meant the council was forced to pay more than $25 million for the site of Hornsby Quarry, though Council was able to recover $9 million during later legal proceedings.

Hornsby Quarry is historically valuable, ecologically important and visually spectacular – all within walking distance of Hornsby’s CBD. It is well-known as “the largest volcanic diatreme in the Sydney area”.

Especially significant is the east face that provides a cross-section of the diatreme, which is seen at only a few sites in the region.

The bushland on the site is also significant and includes blue gum high forest, which is listed as an endangered ecological community.

The Higgins family cemetery is also located on the site and is listed as a heritage item of state significance, with burials ranging from 1875 to 1925.

The 100-metre-deep pit looks set to receive up to 1.5 million cubic metres of dirt and rock spoil from the construction of the NorthConnex motorway tunnel.

The proposal was approved on the 18th of Jury 2016 and the the project would support Hornsby Shire Council’s plan to rehabilitate the Hornsby Quarry site into a recreational facility for the local and regional community.

Source: https://lostcollective.com/gallery/hornsby-quarry/

[soft-cheek]

tagged by @bandhoorah for another thing haha

favorite fictional characters: hhhhhhhhh there are many i still really love akaashi from haikyuu and like all of the owl boysand also saeko, uuum todoroki? love that boy....... fuck listen i cant think of things and also this list could go on for a very long time

✈️: favorite city you want to visit: i know its kinda cliche but i kinda wanna visit new york city at least once but like not by myself

💗: 3 things you like about yourself: my hair, my uuuuuuuuuuh perseverance? im out of things

💔: 2 things you want to change about yourself: my indecisiveness and like all of my mental health problems

👻: one item from your bucket list: I mean its mostly just travel stuff i wanna travel to many places because travelling is fun

🎹: instrument you want to learn: piano and guitar!

🤥: scent/smell- one you love, one you hate: i really love honeysuckle its a very calming scent and i wouldnt say hate per se but gardenia isnt good as like a perfume scent its way too strong. actual gardenias smell fine though

🎵: sound- one you love, one you hate: i like deep bass like sounds like cello and shit. or just like calming basslines in general i guess? and i have really bad misophonia so like all eating related sounds kind of drive me up the wall and make me wanna punch things

🙊: unpopular opinion: uuuuuuuuuh

💵: one thing you can’t stop buying: mother keeps giving me the bath and body works coupons she gets in the mail and as a result i end up buying a lot of bath and body works products. listen they keep giving out coupons for free shit how do i say no to that

6️⃣: 6 words to describe your tumblr: im gay and draw my ocs

💞: your first follower ever <3: its @muckkles so yknow just my sister

💪: useless skill you have: basically all of my geological knowledge, although i guess thats debatable as useless. so maybe instead my ability to like pick up any hobby and become relatively proficient at it?

🏠: could you live as a hermit?: probably although i would probably get kinda lonely without at least the internet

🤓: 3 random facts you know: many popular gemstones are really just some kind of variation of quartz with minor color or structural variants. placoderms are those Big fish youll see in a lot of paleo art with the armor like plating and despite their outward appearances most members dont actually have teeth and instead bite solely with their big armor plates. they were also considered like the tanks and apex predators of the devonian seas which is why i was super worried seeing ponyo and sosuke just kinda swimming over them in that movie. and uuuuuuuh god im out of things that arent geology related. theres a type of volcano called a diatreme thats essentially just a big cone of volcanoclastic material going into the earth and it erupts in rings onto the surrounding surface

👑: favorite Disney princess and why: still really love tiana just cause shes great but merida is also very good

ughh tagging im so bad at tagging @bitchbugboy @miraculeio @chronotaraxia @kawaiianimeredhead @unfilteredinferno

[chordia007]

TEN THINGS YOU MOST LIKELY DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT APRIL BIRTHSTONE

Diamond or the April Birthstone is shrouded in myths and legends. People are fascinated by the power and mystery of Diamonds since they were first found. Various diamond myths have evolved from different civilizations throughout the millennia. Throughout history, diamonds have remained one of the most beautiful jewels.

But what is it about diamonds that makes it so fascinating? It is amazing not just for its capacity to capture a person’s heart in a matter of seconds, but also for the fact that it was produced before the dinosaur era.

Till date with so much factual knowledge about diamonds at our fingertips, numerous myths about diamonds exist, many of which are hotly debated. It is still the ultimate symbol of love, making it the perfect present for anniversaries, birthdays, and every special occasion.

In a nutshell, here are ten intriguing facts about the mystical gemstone that will make you fall in love all over again:

DIAMONDS ARE VIRTUALLY FIREPROOF

Diamonds are the world’s hardest natural material. They are generally unaffected by the fire. A diamond must be heated to 1562 degrees Fahrenheit (850°C) before it can be burnt. (A normal home fire reaches a temperature of about 1100 degrees Fahrenheit)

 A house fire can cause the white milky, hazy appearance on a diamond. The stone is often then recut to get rid of the burned white area, reducing the diamond's size, but leaving no sign that it had been ever damaged.

 o   DIAMONDS COME UP TO THE SURFACE THROUGH VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

Diamonds are transported to the surface from the mantle by Kimberlite; a rare form of magma that erupts at a diatreme or pipe, a type of volcano vent.

Kimberlite is a gas-rich, potassic ultramafic rock that contains olivine, phlogopite, diopsite, serpentine, calcite, and minor amounts of apatite, magnetite, chromite, garnet, diamond.

o   METEORITE STRIKES CAN CREATE DIAMONDS

Russia has uncovered a hidden diamond treasure worth “trillions of carats”. The diamond-filled crater was allegedly formed 35 million years ago when an asteroid collided with Siberia. An asteroid of 3 to 5 miles in diameter carved a 63-mile-wide crater in the Earth, burying layers of fine-grain diamonds beneath the surface.

Despite the diamonds’ alleged immense worth, Russia has not mined them since the location is too remote and inaccessible, preferring instead to keep the place hidden for decades (at least according to the Russian government).

o   THE LARGEST DIAMOND WAS NOT FOUND ON THE EARTH

Lucy is the world’s largest Diamond!

Not only is the Diamond eternal at 10 billion trillion trillion carats, but it also smashes the previous record holder, the golden jubilee, which was 564 carats. Our sun is thought to go through a similar phase someday in the future. As a result of its core temperature dipping below 12,000 degrees Fahrenheit, Lucy developed a pulsing aura (6,600 Celsius).

o   DIAMONDS ARE MADE UP OF ONLY ONE COMPONENT

Diamond is a unique member of the mineral kingdom due to its chemical makeup and crystal structure.

Diamond is the only gemstone that is made up of only one element: Carbon. It usually contains 99.95 percent carbon. One or more trace elements, which are atoms that are not part of the diamond’s fundamental chemistry, can make up the remaining 0.05 percent. Its hue and crystal form can be influenced by trace elements.

o   DIAMONDS CAN BE CREATED FROM THE REMAINS OF A LOVED ONE

Human ashes can be turned into diamonds because diamonds are composed of carbon and the human body is 18 percent carbon. The carbon atoms in the ashes can be separated from the other elements and utilized to imitate the natural process of diamond formation in the laboratory.

o   DIAMONDS WERE NOT USUALLY FOUND IN MINES

The bulk of diamonds on the market today are mined underground or under seawater with large gears and sophisticated technology. In the ancient days, miners discovered diamonds beside or at the bottom of rivers before they were mined below the earth’s surface. The term for this sort of mining is alluvial mining

 o   DIAMONDS WERE ONLY AVAILABLE TO THE ROYALS

The general population did not always wear diamonds. During the 20th century, France enacted legislation that stated that only the king might wear diamonds. If a peasant or a non-royalty member of the community was caught wearing the diamond, they might face severe punishment. Diamonds were quite a scare during this period.

 o   DIAMONDS LAST A LIFETIME

Diamonds are the hardest material on the planet, with an incredibly rigid crystalline structure that makes them almost unbreakable. Peculiarly, carbon particles bind within a diamond when exposed to the severe circumstances present below the earth’s surface results in their hard structure. Diamond Jewelry is a stunning choice for rings, pendants, or earrings. Because of its hardness, you can wear diamonds daily basis. You could wear this diamond jewelry anywhere and draw everyone's attention.

o   MILLIONS OF TINY DIAMONDS ARE FOUND IN A CANDLE FLAME

Professor Wuzong Zhou, a chemistry professor at the University of St. Andrews, found that small diamond particles occur in a candle flame. Research indicated that a candle flame produces 1.5 million diamond nano particles per second while it burns.

Unfortunately, the diamonds are burnt away and turned into carbon dioxide in the process, but this will permanently transform how we see a candle flame.

April’s brilliant birthstone -The diamond, is by far one of the most well-known and probably most sought-after gems in history. Even though diamonds have long been regarded as the ultimate expression of eternal love, a normal individual realizes thisby their own unique experience. The intriguing world of DIAMONDS has no limit.

More Information on :- https://www.chordiajewels.com/