#Date Christian Men In Kenya
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becausewearebadmemories · 1 year ago
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Kenya Christian Singles Dating for Everyone
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Dating is for people that are mature enough and ready to spend some time with someone in the opposite or same sex and get to know each other. This way people will evaluate each other’s personality and character if they have something in common and that if they are truly meant for each other.
Christian singles dating are all over the place nowadays, no not in the streets, they are all over the internet gathering with each other for them to become friends or more than that. Christian dating upholds to the Christian principles and these websites should also reflect that in order for daters to be encouraged to join.
There are more than enough websites in the internet from where a Christian would love to spend some time. Most of them are free and some requires payment, but basically they all offer the same thing. These sites also accepts non Christians for as long as they understand the rules of dating in Christianity. It will be more advantageous for a dater to research about their beliefs so that they would be prepared with the conversation they would be into.
Christian singles dating are not that hard to please. They are just like everyone except that they believe in a religion that not everyone patronizes. In order for someone to be successful in dating a Christian, they should understand and accept them as they are and show some respect with what they believe. Honesty is always important in dating, that would entail that you are sincere and really serious with whoever you decide to have a date whether on or offline.
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stele3 · 1 year ago
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stoicforestsss · 9 months ago
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I miss reproductive freedoms. I miss when I could've had a legal abortion in America. I just turned 18 when abortions became illegal, and I never even got to taste that freedom. Before Roe V. Wade was overturned, I was a child who had no business having sex. It wouldn't even have been about the pregnancy. And what hurts the most is that the bans aren't even for control over women - they're so people can have more ants to give to the work force.
I'm drunk right now. I'm very drunk. I can't distract myself and I sure as hell will never stand for the flag again. On top of it all, I have bad sexual trauma. I was molested by my dad and my sister, and my cousin would say he wanted to see me change my clothes. My aunt dragged him out of his bedroom once she heard him and later he said it was my fault. I was sexually harassed by a dance teacher and I still can't have anyone behind me. God damn it.
Cue to when I met this man and we started to date. I got tired of using condoms and morning after pills and decided to get birth control from the local health department. They said they had to perform a pap smear exam before they could give me birth control pills, which in theory, I understand. The issue was that I got triggered from Mr. Dance Teacher's abuse, his constant abuse. I got naked anyway, put on the plastic, paper sheet, and tried to be strong. They were smart enough to understand there was no way I could ever handle the full thing, so they did half of it. Dope.
Women are being arrested for having miscarriages who are destined to die of sepsis, because it's a natural abortion. It's miserable and dystopian, and the salt and lemon juice in the wound is that if this were written by someone slightly younger than me, they'd censor half of the words with that 80's trend where they'd switch out letters for numbers and other symbols. The thought itself is censored. This is why I get drunk, and it's why I'm awake. It infuriates me, too, that men keep catcalling me, but we can't criticize the men, can we? So we go down the street, knowing that we can't really do anything when the men say shit and say victim mentality things, until were told to man up and be a badass, as if that could fix it. The kicker is that when the men are doing the shit, the women have to suffer and go to prison when the rapists and harassers either go free or have lesser sentences.
I was a miserable child who waited for adulthood. People told me to put myself down and be a lady. You don't talk as loudly as the men. You don't talk about your skills when a man is talking about his. I waited for the day I could have a child and they could smile and have a family who loves them, who wouldn't pull their pants down and make them feel good for some reason or tell them to be a slave to men. Not this world, where even the Christian conservatives are telling their high school graduates to change the world for the better, in the context that they must erase this error.
And of all things, in Kenya, they don't have access to the same amount of abortion care as the medical facilities do in the US. They're not attacking women specifically, for the sake of making more workers. I want to live in Canada, but my boyfriend wants Kenya, where his brother in spirit lives.
Every conservative in a political seat is going after the rest of your freedoms. The conservative law makers are going after the rest of everything you take for granted. Fight them back and vote them away from their seats. Don't get apathetic and dissociate, although I understand it's hard. Ask the hard questions and don't be afraid to get angry.
Get angry. Hell, do something! Make a sign and put it in your yard or on the street. Update your profile pictures on your social media. Write books. Get a stool and yell. Don't work at jobs with bosses who have those disgusting terroristic beliefs. Yell at your grandparents who say they're saving the children. Do something.
Vote the bad people out. Vote the good people in. Stay in touch politically and educate yourself in every one of your free moments if you want your children to live a good life. Not for the sake of their lives, but for the sake of their happiness. Don't let the government make you a breeding machine who pumps out babies every nine months so you can adopt them out. They want mindless soldiers with abandonment issues who are willing to say "Yes, sir", and emptily kill because they were told to. They don't want your children to be happy, because if they did, they would help you.
Don't be the reason these incel demons get into the offices and change the whole infrastructure so they can enforce their own fascism. They're fascists. You're fighting a new Stalin. What would you do in that situation? Do it.
Now I can go to bed. I'm tired. I'm going to have to listen to music to get in a good head. I'm too buzzed and need sleep. Fight for what is right. Please help the world. Please let me sleep knowing that there is hope, that not everyone in the world just cares about work and staring at phones and counting their imaginary digital money. Please.
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siliconchat921 · 4 years ago
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Dating App For Gym Rats
The Gym Rats Basketball app will provide everything needed for team and college coaches, media, players, parents and fans throughout an event. Need to find your next game? How about a player's next game? Need directions to your next game? Wondering where a team is from? Need to see who advanced in a bracket or where someone stands in pool play?
Well, you’re in luck, as a new app plans to hook up like-minded gym bunnies together. Dubbed the ‘Tinder for fitness fanatics’, Sweatt matches up potential mates based on their exercise habits.
Play as The Ratchelor, an eligible single rat looking for love. You'll get to know each of our 21 lovely contestants through intimate conversation. Round after round, you will choose who to eliminate, leaving only your most compatible rat suitors. Finally, at the end of your emotional journey, you will find your rat soulmate.
Get to the gym, become a rat. Band together to improve your fitness by competing in a group challenge. Enlist friends, family, teammates, colleagues, or whoever, to become gym rats. The goal is to workout more often, any activity counts.
Happy hour or a 60-minute spin class which do you choose on a busy day?
A new dating app Sweatt, might just have the solution.
Simply put, if you combined Tinder and Class Pass, youd have Sweatt. The apps algorithm matches people based on how often and when they work out, what their favorite classes or activities are, and any sort of diet preference, from raw to paleo. Users also have the option to write a short profile.
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Most dating apps match users based on things in common, whether its friends, ethnicity or music. Similarly, for many people, fitness isnt just a hobby; its a lifestyle, which can be a building block toward deep emotional connection.
You don’t have to love the same kinds of fitness; someone into yoga could match well with a marathon runner simply because they understand each others priorities.
While you’d think it would be easy to meet other people at the gym, you may run into some familiar problems: people work out using headphones or while watching their phones (not very inviting), or you just see the same people every day.
Sweatt connects people you don’t see every day but who share one of your top interests.
While Sweatt presents opportunities to create real relationships, the app is ripe with gym selfies, so beware. In fact, Sweatt puts major emphasis on the importance of profile pictures with the option to post five full-size profile photos.
While the creator of the app Dan Ilani insists Sweatt isnt a hookup app, judging by the photos of the user base, some might be mistaken. This could potentially be frustrating for some people.
However, the app could help shake up the first date. Sweatt users might forgo dinner and drinks for a physical activity instead, such as hiking or taking a class together, a playful opportunity to get to know someone.
And even if the date doesnt go well, at least users won’t miss their workout.
Have something to add to this story? Share it in the comments.
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princetajiri · 5 years ago
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&&. announcing his royal highness, ( Tajiri Tyler Waitimu Agikuyu ), the ( 31 ) year old ( prince ) of ( Kenya ). he is often confused with ( Sinqua Walls ). some say that he is ( reckless and simple minded ), but he is actually ( perceptive and joyful )
This bitch is trying to manage a  3rd character. Tajiri is bringing sexy back ! Please love my handsome jock son. 
About Kenya (because i probably won’t do history task for a while. #teamlazy)
The monarchy is not even a hundred years old. Tajiri’s grand-father was a Kikuyu (ethnic group) leader in the revolt against the colonists. He was chosen to be king after Kenya gained its independence
The Kenyan king is not all powerful. He needs to compose with 2 councils, a council of elders and a council of younger women and men from various backgrounds
There is an itwika ceremony every 25 or 30 years to pass down the power to the younger generation
Tajiri’s grand-father abandoned Christianity to go back to the traditional religion of the Ngai God and belief in the ancestors. However there is freedom of religion in Kenya and plenty are christians or muslims still.
About Tajiri
His parents love story is like a cheesy Hallmark movie. His mother is an american veterinarian who came to Kenya to work in a reserve. She met the crown prince without knowing who he was and boom the rest was history. 
Tajiri has 2 older siblings and 2 younger siblings.
He was raised in Kikiyu and English. He is also fluent in Swahili. He speaks some Sheng. 
He frequently went to the US with his mother growing up. Although he does not have dual citizenship because of his royal blood and the need to only be loyal to Kenya.
He also spent a lot of time in reserves and parks. He was raised to love the outdoors. He enjoys hiking and climbing.
He is really athletic and loves sports. WORKOUT LIFE (Sam has found a gym buddy).
He plays a lot of different sports.  He is particularly great at tracks. His mother got him to play american football. He also plays regular football and rugby and he climbs. He doesn’t like cricket though.
He also loves a good thrill and extreme experiences. And can be known to gamble, particularly on sport events.
His father forced him to enrol at the University of Nairobi. Tajiri picked veterinary school to make his mother happy. He quit as soon as he could. He had no interest in studying.
After that he went to “study” in New York. Read : live his best life away from home. Mostly he played american football and was a socialite.
I might make him a Oxford hoe if I struggle to plot/make connections. We’ll see.
He likes to date models. He is a bit of a charmer. He’s very easy to manipulate for women (yikes). 
He went through a failed engagement. He had no interest in getting married and having to publicly play the role of good husband. He wanted to keep his freedom so he found a way out of the match. 
Speaking of freedom. Tajiri doesn’t like to be tied down. He frequently travels. He is always pursuing new things and trying to be constantly entertained. He hates feeling trapped.
He is mostly coasting and not doing much with his life. As long as he doesn’t cause scandals, his father leaves him be and focus on the heir.
He is very loyal to his friends. If he cares about you, then he’ll have your back no matter what. Ride or die kind of guy.
Also he hates bullies. And generally people who attack weaker individuals than them. He is a bit of a champion of the people in that aspect. 
He loves fashion and is a colourful dresser. Very flamboyant and risk taking ! His style is not for everyone. 
Tbh people see him as a dumb pretty jock and he doesn’t really mind that image. He’s not stupid though, just not interested in academics or books. 
He’s a happy baby. He has a positive and solar energy/aura. 
Also he is phlegmatic and it takes a lot to get a reaction out of him.
And that is all I have for now.
Wanted connections
The failed engagement ?
Other jocks 
New York connections 
Socialites buddies
Someone he likes to hit on/pursue but who doesn’t care for his charm. Like it’s his challenge
Past hook-ups 
Perhaps one ex-girlfriend (I don’t really see him as the commitment type so he wouldn’t have had many serious relationships)
Chill friends
A smart friend maybe ? Like an unlikely friendship with someone who is more on the quiet and achievement side
A rival 
Someone he doesn’t like because he thinks they’re a supreme arsehole ?
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verysongkryptonite · 4 years ago
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ALMIGHTY GOD`S SHOFAPRAISES FEST EXTRAVAGANZA 2021 “A –MUST ATTEND ANNUAL EVENT”
ALMIGHTY GOD`S SHOFAPRAISES FEST EXTRAVAGANZA 2021 “A –MUST ATTEND ANNUAL EVENT OF” 3 DAYS FREE GOD`S MUSIC EXPERIENCE
 NYAYO NATIONAL STADIUM, August 6TH – 8TH 2021
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Africa's biggest God`s praise! SHOFAPRAISES Fest 2021, 
3 Themes
Psalms: 40:8...Our God we are happy to do whatever you want!!We never stop thinking about your teachings.
Psalms: 42:2...Our souls thirst for the living God. When can we go meet with HIM.
2 Chronicles- 26:5
And he sought God in the days of Zechariah, who had understanding in the visions of God: and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him to prosper.
 SPONSORS:
1).Team One Nation.
2).Public Service Excellence Awards.
3).Pious pastor cleric Agnes Kavindu Muthama
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Events
BECOME A VENDOR/EVENT SPONSOR
BECOME A VENDOR/EVENT SPONSOR
CORPORATE SPONSORS - Religious Conferences and outdoor SHOFAPRAISES EXTRAVAGANZA Fest
When: May,August & September 2021 Location: Nyayo National stadium with lots of commercial time
About our Events
We want to invite you to become a vendor or event sponsor at one of our events!
There are many levels and ways that you can partner with a GAER Ministries event and one of the most exciting is becoming an Event Sponsor. Please see the graphic below for information on the different levels and what is included.
Application/approval is required and spots fill up quickly so please be sure to submit as early as possible.
WE CURRENTLY OFFER SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR TWO EVENTS:
INTERNATIONAL GATHERING OF APOSTLES AND PROPHETS (the Kenya and leadership God wants) IN MAY 2021
(Instructions: In “Registration Information” Under the “Exhibitor Options” dropdown select the level you would like. After you submit the form it will prompt you with additional questions to complete the exhibitor application process.)
What we offer: Religious and Christian leaders from around the country come together to share love, kindness, and passion for the Word of God in the Infinitely More Life conferences both in May and September each year. Daily, we encourage people in Christ, and specifically help men – walk alongside God and letting them know they are not alone. Giving them hope and inspiration. (InfinitelyMoreLife.org) Through Mercy’s Light Family, we support pregnant young moms who have been through sexual trauma in Mombasa, Kenya to do the same. (MercysLight.org)
If we did not exist, women would continue to suffer. Running their lives just going through the motions and not knowing Christ. Wasting away to anxiety, depression, and suicide. We empower women and girls to address their “stuff”, transforming them into an amazing life.
What makes us a unique organization to partner with? As fellow business owners we understand the value and importance of marketing and exposure. Our work has a local, national, and international reach.
Why are we doing this event? The world is a dark and discouraging place. We are searching for happiness and finding nothing. Women and girls are suffering with deep anxiety and depression and turning to suicide. Women and girls need a place to be reminded and encouraged that they are ENOUGH. That they will break through whatever is keeping them stuck. I know you would like your company to be associated with this life saving, transformational message.
Packages start as low as $250. Contact Ara at +254 7910357821or [email protected] to find the best fit for your business.
PS – We also have specific donations that can be tax-deductible if you do not wish to have marketing and just want to make a difference for this cause through our 501(c)(3).
THE JHV`S SHOFAPRAISES EXTRAVAGANZA FEST 2021 IN AUGUST
(Instructions: In “Registration Information” Under the “Exhibitor Options” dropdown select the level you would like. After you submit the form it will prompt you with additional questions to complete the exhibitor application process.)
 Exhibitor Information
Collecting Sales:  Exhibitors must collect sales at their booth.  Our facility is equipped with wifi for exhibitor’s use during hours of operation.
Set up: Set-up will open the day before the event, unless otherwise noted. We understand everyone’s travel schedule will vary so we are flexible for later set-up times.  You will receive an exhibitor packet upon check-in that includes the event information and schedule.  Once registered, you will receive a confirmation email with most of this information included.
Tear down: Exhibitor Tear down starts at 7PM on the last day of the event.
Exhibit Hall hours of operation: The exhibit hall is open 1 hour before the main sessions and 30 mins before and after the afternoon sessions. Hours of Operation will be included in your exhibitor packet that you will receive at check-in as they may vary by event.
Advertising/Sponsorship: Event Packet Advertisement and/or Sponsorship information must be submitted no later than 8 weeks prior to event start date (any submissions after this date may not be included in conference packet. No refunds on late submissions) Please contact us for more details about sponsorship opportunities.  
Registration Approval:  Submitting the registration form does not guarantee approval as event exhibitor or sponsor. Once registration is submitted and reviewed exhibitor will receive an approval letter to email provided on this registration form. Approval letter secures exhibitor  during corresponding event. CIMN reserves the right to refuse any exhibitor. In the event registration is not approved a full refund will be issued.
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CORPORATE SPONSORS -  Christian Conference
Are you ready to get your business before a Christian Audience ages 13-60+? According to a Neilson study, 55% of online consumers would pay more for a product or service offering when a company is associated with social impact. Are you looking for a simple way to add social impact to your business? We have on opportunity for you.
See info below....
                                                                         ***
You also have the opportunity to get your business or products noticed in our program for the event outside of corporate sponsorship rates if that fits your needs and budget better:
Programs are a full sheet:  
        Full page ad promoting your company  = $50.00
        Half page ad promoting your company = $25.00
        Have your add all graphically laid out and ready to put in copy and emailed by 1/15/21 to  Shawnee  at [email protected].  No refunds will be made for failure to have layouts prepared.  
MORE DETAILS:
Are you ready to get your business before a Christian Audience ages 13-60+? According to a Neilson study, 55% of online consumers would pay more for a product or service offering when a company is associated with social impact. Are you looking for a simple way to add social impact to your business? We have on opportunity for you.
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Sponsorship Options:
Six basic sponsorship packages are available to fit your budget and needs.
Platinum Partner Sponsorship ($2,000)
Two separate pages in our (website, email and/or social media) in online program.
Specific signage and announcement during Keynote speaker or workshop facilitator.
Recognized in press releases and marketing/advertising materials including Facebook & Instagram, (SEVERAL THOUSAND global followers). Recognition in all print advertising and flyers will begin as soon as your sponsorship funds have been received and cleared.
Plus same as ALL below.
Gold Partner Sponsorship ($1,5000) Logo recognition online prior to conference and during conference through banners. Full page ad in the online program. Plus same as ALL below.
Silver Partner Sponsorship ($1,0000) Recognition during announcements during the day of the event by Mistress of Ceremonies. Plus same as all below.
Bronze Partner Sponsorship ($5000) Half page ad in online program. Plus same as below.
Copper Partner Sponsorship ($2500-$4990) Recognition in social media marketing including Facebook & Instagram, (SEVERAL THOUSAND global followers).
Recognition will begin as soon as your sponsorship funds have been received and cleared.
Personalized options are available – Contact us at [email protected] or +254791035782 to discuss in-kind and many other sponsorship options.
For sponsorship of the May 7-9, 2021 live stream conference, please remit NO LATER THAN April 25 2021.
***For tax reasons, if you prefer to donate directly to our efforts in Kenya without the marketing/recognition, GAER Ministries is a federally recognized, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization with the Federal tax identification number 81-0820738. These funds will go directly to Kenya to support our Programs. 
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militant-holy-knight · 5 years ago
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The Ethiopian Orthodox Uprising Against Roman Catholicism
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When Ethiopian emperor Susenyos I became Catholic in 1613, an bloody civil war almost tore his realm apart
It wasn’t very unusual in history for an Orthodox-majority nation to have Catholic rulers from time to time. Some were conquered by force like the Eastern Roman Empire was under the Latin Occupation following sack of Constantinople. Others were appointed like Otto I of Greece following the Greek War of Indepencence and more simply, the ruler converted to Catholicism like the Principality of Wallachia with Vlad the Impaler. This was the case of Susenyos I of Ethiopia.
Susenyos's reign is perhaps best known as the brief period in Ethiopian history when Catholicism became the official religion. The Emperor became interested in Catholicism, in part due to Pedro Páez's persuasion, but also hoping for military help from the Iberian Union (Portugal and Spain were united under a single crown at the time of Susenyos's reign). Some decades earlier, in 1541, Cristóvão da Gama had led a military expedition to save the Ethiopian emperor Gelawdewos from the onslaught of Ahmed Gragn, a Imam who almost destroyed the existence of the Ethiopian state. Susenyos hoped to receive a new contingent of well-armed European soldiers, this time against the Oromo, who were ravaging his kingdom, and to help with the constant rebellions. Two letters of this diplomatic effort survive, which he entrusted to Páez to send to Europe: the one to the King of Portugal is dated 10 December 1607, while the other is to the Pope and dated 14 October of the same year; neither mention his conversion, but both ask for soldiers. He showed the Jesuit missionaries his favor by a number of land grants, most importantly those at Gorgora, located on a peninsula on the northern shore of Lake Tana.
In 1613, Susenyos sent a mission heading for Madrid and Rome, led by Jesuit priest António Fernandes. The plan was to head south, in an attempt to reach Malindi, a port on the Indian Ocean in what is Kenya today, hoping to break through the effective blockade that the Ottoman conquests had created around the Ethiopian empire by sailing all the way around the southern tip of Africa. However, they failed to reach Malindi, due to delays caused by local Christians hostile to the mission.
Susenyos at last publicly converted to Catholicism in 1622, and separated himself from all of his wives and concubines except for his first wife, Wäld Śäʿala. However, the tolerant and sensitive Pedro Páez died soon afterwards, and he was replaced by Afonso Mendes, who arrived at Massawa on 24 January 1624. E. A. Wallis Budge has stated the commonly accepted opinion of this man, as being "rigid, uncompromising, narrow-minded, and intolerant". Strife and rebellions over the enforced changes began within days of Mendes' public ceremony in 1626, where he proclaimed the primacy of Rome and condemned local practices which included Saturday Sabbath and frequent fasts. Yet a number of Ethiopians did embrace Catholicism: Richard Pankhurst reports 100,000 inhabitants of Dembiya and Wegera alone are said to have converted. The most serious response was launched by a triumvirate composed of his half-brother Yimena Krestos, a eunuch named Kefla Wahad, and his brother-in-law Julius. Susenyos avoided their first attempt to assassinate him at court, but while he was campaigning against Sennar they raised a revolt, calling to their side "all those who were friends to the Alexandrian faith". However, Susenyos had returned to Dembiya before the rebels expected, and quickly killed Julius. Yimena Krestos held out a while longer on Melka Amba in Gojjam, before Af Krestos captured him and brought him to Dankaz where Susenyos had his camp; here the Emperor's brother was tried and sentenced to banishment.
More revolts followed, some led by champions of the traditional Ethiopian Church. One revolt which resisted all of Susenyos' efforts to put down was by the Agaw in Lasta. Their first leader was Melka Krestos, a distant member of the Solomonic dynasty, whom the Agaw had recruited. Susenyos' first campaign against them, which began in February 1629 with raising an army of 30,000 men in Gojjam, was defeated and his son-in-law Gebra Krestos slain. While Melka Krestos' horsemaster was slain along with 4000 men not long after while pillaging Tigray, at the same time the men of Lasta made a successful raid out of their mountains into Susenyos' territory. When he attempted a second expedition against the rebels in Lasta, Susenyos found his men's morale so low that he was forced to allow them to observe one of the traditional Wednesday fasts—which brought an immediate reproach from the Catholic Patriarch. Although Susenyos eloquently defended himself, Bruce notes that "from this time, it plainly appears, that Susenyos began to entertain ideas, at least of the church discipline and government, very opposite to those he had when he first embraced the Romish religion." Despite this concession to his troops, and the fact they reached Melka Krestos' headquarters, his forces fell to an ambush and Susenyos was forced to return to Dankaz with nothing to show for his effort.
Susenyos attempted one more campaign against the rebels, only to find his men mutinous. They saw no end to unrewarding expeditions to Lasta, and when at home confronted by the executions used to enforce Catholicism on Ethiopia. While expressing some skepticism at the matter, Bruce states the Royal Chronicle reports his son told the troops that if they were victorious in Lasta, the Emperor would restore the traditional Ethiopian practices. However, as they marched behind Susenyos to Lasta, his scouts reported that Melka Krestos had descended from Lasta with 25,000 men, and were at hand. On 26 July 1631 the armies clashed; 8,000 of the rebels were dead and Melka Krestos had fled the field. Upon viewing the field of battle, Susenyos' son Fasilides is reported to have said,
These men, whom you see slaughtered on the ground, were neither Pagans nor Mahometans, at whose death we should rejoice—they were Christians, lately your subjects and your countrymen, some of them your relations. This is not victory, which is gained over ourselves. In killing these, you drive the sword into your own entrails. How many men have you slaughtered? How many more have you to kill? We have become a proverb, even among the Pagans and Moors, for carrying on this war, and apostatizing, as they say, from the faith of our ancestors.
Less than a year afterwards, on 14 June 1632 Susenyos made a declaration that those who would follow the Catholic faith were allowed to do so, but no one would be forced to do so any further. At this point, all Patriarch Mendes could do in response was to confirm that this was, indeed, the actual will of the Emperor, his protector. Catholic Ethiopia had come to an end. When his son Fasilides succeeded him as Emperor, he banished all Jesuits from Ethiopia, severed all contacts with Rome and ordered that all the books of the “Franks" (how Catholics were known in the East) were burnt. One of the most notable saints from this period was Walatta Petros, whose husband was enlisted by the Emperor to brutally repress the Oriental Church and became a nun as form of protest and heavily opposed Susenyos’ religious persecution. 
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It wouldn’t be until 1839 - almost three centuries after this revolt had taken place - that Catholicism returned to Ethiopia when Italian Lazarists and Capuchins resumed, albeit within certain limitations imposed due to strong public opposition. That same year, Justin de Jacobis was appointed first Prefect Apostolic of Abyssinia and entrusted with the foundation of Catholic missions in that country. After laboring with great success in Abyssinia for eight years, he was appointed titular Bishop of Nilopolis in 1847, and shortly afterwards Vicar Apostolic of Abyssinia, but he refused the episcopal dignity until it was finally forced upon him in 1849. He was later canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church in 1975.
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Susenyos wouldn’t necessarily be the first The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is still the main form of Christianity practiced in the country, and now thankfully capable of coexisting with it’s Eastern Catholic counterpart which is in communion with Rome, albeit a few Latin Catholics still exist in Ethiopia. 
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lighdesoti-blog · 6 years ago
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caoapplication · 3 years ago
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You can transform your environment by making small changes to the lifestyles and behaviours of men.
Sometimes certain countries are given high priority in our news bulletins, but then they suddenly disappear. We can only wonder what is going on in these countries.
We were brought to Zimbabwe daily when the situation was extremely serious a few years back. Although the situation is still grave,SASSA Payout dates information reaching me indicates that there are better harvests and more people in need of food aid.
Ethiopia is another example of an environment where the conditions can be very difficult at times. Persecutions can cause unneeded suffering and can lead to a lot of pain. The latest news is that self-help groups are working hard and have achieved what can only be described as relative success stories. We don't hear many success stories from impoverished areas.
People work together to grow food, and promote small businesses in one region. Twenty seven thousand people have made a significant improvement in their environment.
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Although these success stories are not widely reported, they represent a significant step forward for those who make it.
The widespread violence against women was one of the most concerning things I saw in Kenya. Numerous Christian churches are trying to change this situation, which can cause fear and anxiety, and sometimes have catastrophic consequences.
These areas can be a safe place for women and men to work and grow crops, and make goods. After visiting the tea plantations and the rose farms, I know that it is possible to make life easier by addressing violence.
It is possible to confront blatant sin if we are willing to do so. However, this may seem too radical for some.
These environmental issues are just as important as weather, earthquakes, and climate.
People who truly are suffering rarely have a voice. If we can make a difference in their lives, it will help those who work hard and long hours.
As a Christian writer, I believe that only Almighty God can transform these environments through Jesus Christ and His Holy Spirit.
If the concern, care and compassion of God becomes tangible and visible, then lives can be transformed and entire villages can be improved. As someone who has come to a real faith, I have seen these changes in many situations.
Jesus Christ taught those who are His to keep praying and to not give up. Through prayer, giving and sending people to teach pastors and leaders, we can make environmental progress.
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Today in Christian History
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Today is Sunday, July 8th, the 189th day of 2018. There are 176 days left in the year.
Today’s Highlight in History:
1115: Death of French monk Peter the Hermit at Neufmoutier-by-Huy. He had helped inspire the Crusades.
1413: Jan Hus’s De ecclesia (On the Church) is read in Bethlehem chapel, Prague. Cardinal D’Ailly will later complain at the Council of Constance that it combats the pope’s plenary authority as much as the Koran.
1660: Archibald Campbell, Marquis of Argyle, arrives at Whitehall to congratulate King Charles II on his accession to the throne, but as soon as the king hears his name announced, he stamps his foot and orders Sir William Fleming to execute his orders, which are to imprison Argyle in the Tower. Argyle had stood with the Parliamentarians in the recent civil war.
1663: King Charles II of England grants a charter to Rhode Island colony that guarantees religious freedom regardless of “differences in opinion in matters of religion.”
1673: Death of Johann Rudolph Ahle, a composer of sacred music who had avoided polyphonic counterpoint and confined himself to the simple “chorale” style. Some of his songs will still be popular centuries later.
1681: Death in Thuringia of Georg Neumark, German educator and hymnwriter, author, and composer of the hymn “If Thou but Suffer God to Guide Thee.” Twice during his life he had lost everything he owned: once to robbers and once to fire. These losses seem to have contributed much to the depth of his religious verse.
1716: Death of Robert South, a Church of England preacher, Latinist, and author well-known for participation in doctrinal controversies, often opposing with wit and invective the very positions he had formerly held, yet boldly attacking the vices of his age.
1813: The remains of eccentric preacher William Huntington, formerly a coal shoveler, are transferred from a temporary grave at Tonbridge Wells to a permanent one at Lewes. The gravestone is inscribed with an epitaph he had written a few days before death, leaving space for dates and age: “Here lies the Coal-heaver, who departed this life [July 1, 1813] in the [69th]; beloved of his God, but abhorred by men. The Omniscient Judge, at the Great Assize, shall ratify and confirm this, to the confusion of many thousands; for England and its metropolis shall know that there hath been a prophet among them. W.H. S.S.” S.S. means “Sinner Saved.”
1939: After just a month in America where he was to lecture, Dietrich Bonhoeffer departs for Germany, writing to  Reinhold Niebuhr, “I have made a mistake in coming to America. I must live through this difficult period of our national history with the Christian people of Germany. I will have no right to participate in the reconstruction of Christian life in Germany after the war if I do not share the trials of this time with my people.”
1948: The Moscow Conference convenes to celebrate the five hundredth anniversary of the independence of the Russian Orthodox Church from control of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople.
2000: Death of James Curtis Wakhu, a zealous evangelist for Sheepfold Ministries, especially among the Muslims of Kenya. He had experienced three years of undiagnosed pain.
2001: Vonette Bright celebrates the release of a new series of books, My Heart in His Hands, at a Sunday reception in Atlanta. The four-book devotional series for women has been written to complement the seasons of a women’s life through inspiring stories and Scripture verses, with much of the content culled from her Women Today radio program.
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datinggod901-blog · 4 years ago
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paddysnuffles · 6 years ago
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@psiotechniqa
1. “Person who fights for justice” isn’t an insult.
The fact you think fairness is something negative says more about you than it does about me.
2. Nonbinary genders aren’t a new concept nor a progressive/leftwing thing.
Here are 24 old-timey extinct genders you can read up on:
Aylonit (Ancient Israel)
Androgynos [אנדרוגינוס] (Ancient Israel, from at least 1st century CE to 16th century CE)
Assinnu (Assyria, Mesopotamia)
Chibados (Ndongo, Angola, 1500s-1600s CE, give or take)
Çengi (Ottoman Empire, now Turkey)
Enaree (Scythian, 9th century BCE - 4th century AD)
Gala (Sumer, Mesopotamia, 3000 BCE)
Gallus [plural: Galli] (Phrygia, now Turkey)
Girseqû (Mesopotamia)
Kalǔ (Akkad, Mesopotamia)
Köçek (Ottoman Empire, now Turkey)
Koekchuch (Itelmens, Siberia, late 18th - early 19th century)
Kurgarrǔ (Sumer, Mesopotamia)
Lύ-sag (Mesopotamia)
Mudoko dako (Langi, Teso, & Karamojan, Uganda, DATE)
Mukhannathun (Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, Middle East, 4th-7th century CE)
Pilpilû (Mesopotamia)
Ša rēši (Mesopotamia)
Saris (Ancient Israel)
Sḫt (Egypt, 2000–1800 BCE) [pronounced “sekhet”]
Tīru (Mesopotamia)
Trhytîyâ prakrhyti (India; mentioned in various ancient texts, including the Kama Sutra)
Tumtum [טומטום] (Ancient Israel)
Vrihannala (Sanskrit, India)
 And 48 modern genders in various cultures:
Acault (Myanmar)
Atikuluk (Inuit, Canada [South Baffin region])
Avvariit (Inuit, Canada [Iglooliq region])
Alyha (Mohave)
Ankole (Uganda)
Aravani (Tamil Nadu)
Ashtime (Maale, Ethiopia)
Bakla (Philippines)
Bangala (DR Congo)
Bissu (Indonesia)
Burrnesha (Albania)
Calabai
Calalai
Chuckchi (Siberia)
Fa'afafine (Samoa)
Fakaleiti (Tonga)
Femminiello (Italy)
Guevedoche (Dominican Republic)
Hijra (South Asia)
Hwame (Mohave)
Kathoey (Thailand)
Lhamana (Zuni, now typicsally referred to as Two-Spirit)
Māhū (Hawaii)
Mak nyah (Malaysia)
Mamluk (Egypt)
Mangaiko (Mbo, DR Congo)
Maohi (Tahiti)
Mashoga (Kenya, Tanzania)
Metis (Nepal)
Mino (Benin)
Muxe or Muxhe (Zapotec of Oaxaca)
Ninauposkitzipxpe (Blackfoot)
Paṇḍaka (Buddhism; listed in the Buddhist holy book, the Vinaya, as one of the 4 genders)
Quariwarmi (Inca, Peru)
Sauniq (Inuit, Canada [Nunavik & Belcher Islands region])
Sekrata (Sakalavas, Madagascar)
Sipiniq (Inuit)
Sisterboys (Indigenous Australian)
Sistergirls (Indigenous Australian)
Skoptsy (Russia)
Travesti (South America)
Ubhatobyañjanaka (Buddhism; listed in the Buddhist holy book, the Vinaya, as one of the 4 genders)
Wakashu (Japan)
Wakatane (Maori, New Zealand)
Waria (Indonesia)
Whakawahine (Maori, New Zealand)
Winkte (Lakota)
Xanith (Oman)
3. The Norse had a third gender: Ergi.
Ergi were cis men who enjoyed being the passive partner in a sexual encounter between cis men and/or practised seiðr magic. 
They qualify as a third gender as the Norse view was that they didn’t quiiite qualify as “regular” men, because being the passive partner/performing seiðr magic was a woman thing men didn’t do (in fact, ergi roughly literally translates as “womanly” or “woman-like”).
4. We know for a fact the Norse considered Loki to switch gender when he shapeshifted, because of his kennings.
In Of The Horse Sleipnir, Loki turns into a mare, has sex with a stallion, and gestates and gives birth to Sleipnir.
Although Snorri refers to Loki as a “he” while in his mare form in Of The Horse Sleipnir, we know this is likely due to the influence of Christian bias, as we know from other works that one of Loki’s many kennings translates as “Sleipnir’s Dam”, meaning pre-Christian Norse would have viewed Loki in his mare form as very much female.
We also know the Norse didn’t see Loki as strictly female either, though, as various of his other kennings refer to him by titles such as “Father of Jormungand��� and “Father of the Great Wolf”.
Loki's gender canonically changes based on his form.
This means that Loki, by definition, is nonbinary. 
More specifically, I would argue he’s genderfluid, though an argument could be made for bigendered as well.
5. Gods can absolutely be nonbinary.
Atum (aka Re, Ra, and/or Amun Ra), the first deity in the Egyptian pantheon, is explicitly specified to be both male and female at once.
6. Just because the Norse didn’t use the term nonbinary doesn’t mean Loki isn’t nonbinary from our cultural perspective.
The Norse didn’t use the term “transgender” or “asexual” or “homosexual” or “bisexual” either. Doesn’t mean that by our standards certain people/deities wouldn’t be considered gay/bi/pan/ace/trans/etc by our standards.
Just because the exact label might be an extremely recent invention doesn’t mean there were no lesbians before the term came into usage (Sappho, for example, wouldn’t have called herself a lesbian because the concept of labelling sexualities didn’t exist yet, but if you read her works you know that by modern standards she was lesbian af).
The term “straight” also didn’t exist. Doesn’t mean straight people weren’t around.
7. My Scandinavian mythology professor at university was the one who called Asgard multicultural, not me. 
Go argue with the scholars, snowflake.
Yet more proof Nazis are idiots
1. They appropriate ᛏ (the Tiwaz rune) as a symbol, which is named after the god Týr. 
Týr’s biggest claim to fame: He’s disabled. He’s only got one hand because the other was bitten off by Fenrir the Great Wolf (one of Loki’s Monstrous Children).
2. They appropriate Mjölnir (Thor’s hammer) as a symbol.
Thor Odinson is mixed-race. His father is Odin, who the Vikings considered to be an Ás, and his mother is Earth, who is a Jötunn.
3. They claim to ascribe to a religion called “Odinism”.
Odin Borson the Allfather is the mixed-race disabled leader of the Æsir and any other deities residing in Asgard (Vanir like Njörd, Jotnar like Loki, etc). 
His father, Bor, was an Ás and his mother was a Jötunn (aka Giant), meaning he’s part Æsir and part Jötnar, or mixed-race. 
Odin gave up one of his eyes as the price for drinking from Mimir’s Well to gain wisdom, making him disabled.
3. a) Asgard is multicultural.
Uneducated people think Asgard is where the Viking gods came from. It’s not. The Viking gods hailed from many worlds, Asgard being just one of them. 
They also hailed from Vanaheim, Helheim, and Jotunheim. There were also extremely powerful beings which came from Alfheim and Svartalfheim. Then there’s the Norns, who live at the Well of Urd by the roots of Yggdrasil, the Tree of Life. And there are, of course, the many creatures who live on Yggdrasil’s branches (my all-time favourite hands down being Ratatosk, the chipmunk who runs up and down Yggdrasil “spreading slanderous gossip”).
Slightly more educated people think Asgard is the home of the Æsir. That’s not entirely correct. 
People who have actually read the Eddas and other Viking lore know that Asgard was the homeland of the Æsir, but that it wasn’t just populated by Æsir.
Njörd, Freyja, and Freyr were Vanir. 
Skaði (Njörd’s wife), Járnsaxa (Magni’s mother), and Loki were Jötnar. 
Odin, Thor, Þrúðr, Móði, Magni, and Baldr were mixed-race (Æsir-Jötunn). 
Dark Elves were super good friends with the Æsir and made and cared for their weapons, so it’s not unreasonable to assume some might have settled in Asgard. 
Hel undoubtedly would stop by for visits from Helheim to visit her dad (Loki). 
The Dwarves would presumably be coming and going all the time (the only reason they couldn’t permanently settle there being the whole turns-into-stone-if-touched-by-sunlight thing).
3. b) There were plenty of women in power in Asgard.
Frigg could see the future and was highly respected for her abilities.
Freyja was so badass Loki and Thor once spent a good deal of time arguing about which of them was going to ask her for help because neither wanted to be the one she got mad at when she said no.
Hel ruled one of the lands of the dead and during Ragnarök commanded an army of all the dead souls in Helheim.
Idun was charged with one of the most important jobs in all of Asgard: Guarding the golden apples which granted the gods immortality.
Gefjun created the Danish island of Zealand.
The Valkyries were warriors and were charged with taking the souls of the chosen up to Valhalla, one of the underworlds (it’s possible they’d also take the chosen to Gimlí as well, though there’s very little known about the third underworld).
3. c) Loki was either intersex or nonbinary.
Loki once turned himself into a mare and gave birth to Odin’s eight-legged horse Sleipnir. He’s also known to cross-dress and use seiðr magic (which was considered “unmanly" and was used almost exclusively by women).
3. d) Thor has been known to crossdress convincingly enough to pass as a gorgeous babe.
No, really. He dressed as a bride to steal back Mjölnir when it was stolen from him by Thrym, king of the Jötnar. He was dressed convincingly enough that no one in the wedding party realized he wasn’t Freyja (who’s renown for her beauty) until it was too late.
Oh, and Loki went along as Thor’s serving maid to have his nephew’s back just in case.
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comebeforegod · 6 years ago
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Behold, the Lord Jesus Has Returned Upon a Cloud
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By Rayson, Kenya
Throughout our lives we will miss out on many things, such as a delicious meal, a date, a good job, an object of our affection, and so on. If we miss out on these things, we can get other things to replace them, but if we miss the last train to the kingdom of heaven, we will be left with eternal regrets. As a Christian, I was very lucky to have caught the last train for the kingdom of heaven.
The Lord has returned?
Being a Christian, I always attended church gatherings. But at some point I realized that there was no illumination in the sermons preached by the pastors in my church. After listening to their sermons, I was still very poor in spirit. So in order to obtain the nourishment that I needed, no matter how busy my studies were, I prayed to the Lord and read the Biblethree times a day. Sometimes I would go online to search for Christian films to watch or some Christian sermons to listen to. One day in May 2018, I found several Christian films on the Internet: “Break the Spell,” “Waiting,” “Yearning,” “Knocking at the Door.” The title of the movie clip “Break the Spell,”—“How Can We Welcome the Lord’s Return?”, immediately captivated my attention, so I first watched that clip with curiosity. In the beginning of it, I heard the brothers and sisters talking about how they were longing for the Lord’s return, which resonated with me. So I continued watching it. When I heard it testify that the Lord Jesus has returned, I was really happy and excited yet confused. I thought, “The Lord has returned? But it is clearly written in the Bible, ‘And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight. And while they looked steadfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel; Which also said, You men of Galilee, why stand you gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as you have seen him go into heaven’ (Acts 1:9-11). ‘Behold, he comes with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen’ (Revelation 1:7). We haven’t seen the Lord descending on a cloud to be among us, so how can it be that He has returned? Is this true? If it is, then have I been cast aside?” I was very confused and worried. So as the brothers and sisters communicated the relevant Bible verses, I pressed the pause button from time to time to find them in the Bible to confirm what they were fellowshiping about.
When reading the verses, “For as the lightning, that lightens out of the one part under heaven, shines to the other part under heaven; so shall also the Son of man be in his day. But first must he suffer many things, and be rejected of this generation” (Luke 17:24-25), I carefully pondered the words “the Son of man” and “must he suffer many things, and be rejected of this generation.” I thought: “Since the Lord Jesus often used the words “the Son of man” to refer to Himself, then the Son of man definitely refers to God’s incarnate flesh, just like the Lord Jesus, who was born of a human. Only in this way will God suffer many things and be rejected of this generation. It seems that the Lord really comes as the Son of man.” Then I read another verse, “And as it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man” (Luke 17:26). Take a look at this world today, it is the same as the time of Noah. People all live lives of eating, drinking and cavorting, degenerate and evil. There is no one who proactively follows and worships God, and moreover no one who actively seeks God’s appearance. I realized that the Lord’s words have apparently come true. And the days of the Lord’s return have come upon us. But then I thought, “If the Lord really has come as the Son of man, then how should the prophecy of the Lord descending with the clouds be explained?” So I became confused again.
Following the fellowshiping in the movie, I saw the verse in the Bible, “For as the lightning comes out of the east, and shines even to the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be” (Matthew 24:27). It communicates an important message: The Son of man will descend and appear in the East. I carefully pondered this matter in my heart, and thought, “The verse has stated that the Lord will become flesh in the last days and appear in the East. China is in the East of the world. And the brothers and sisters in the film are all Chinese. They testify that the Lord has returned. Then shouldn’t I seek the truth in this matter? If the news of the Lord’s return is true but I don’t seek, then won’t I lose the opportunity to welcome the Lord’s return and be raptured into the kingdom of heaven?” So I determined to investigate it.
What’s the Lord’s ‘descend with the clouds’ all about?
I immediately checked to see where the movie came from and discovered it was one of the films of The Church of Almighty God. Then I made contact with two sisters of The Church of Almighty God. Because my head was full of questions and confusion, after a brief self-introduction, I came straight to the point and asked, “I’ve watched a movie produced by your church. You testify that the Lord has returned. But the Bible says the Lord will descend upon a cloud when He returns and that all will see Him, and now I haven’t seen the Lord appearing to us atop clouds. So how can you say that the Lord has returned? Could you communicate on this issue specifically?” They happily agreed.
One of the sisters read the words of Almighty God to me, “Jesus said that He would arrive as He had departed, but do you know the true meaning of His words? Can it be that He told this group of you? All you know is that He will arrive as He left, riding on a cloud, but do you know exactly how God Himself does His work? If you were truly able to see, then how are the words that Jesus spoke to be explained? He said: When the Son of man comes in the last days, He Himself will not know, the angels will not know, the messengers in heaven will not know, and all humanity will not know. Only the Father will know, that is, only the Spirit shall know. Even the Son of man Himself does not know, yet you are able to see and know? If you were capable of knowing and seeing with your own eyes, wouldn’t these words have been spoken in vain? And what did Jesus say at the time? ‘But of that day and hour knows no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. But as the days of Noe were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. … Therefore be you also ready: for in such an hour as you think not the Son of man comes.’ When that day comes, the Son of man Himself will not know it. The Son of man refers to the incarnate flesh of God, a normal and ordinary person. Even the Son of man Himself does not know, so how could you know? Jesus said that He would arrive as He had departed. When He arrives, even He Himself does not know, so can He inform you in advance? Are you able to see His arrival? Is that not a joke?”
After finishing reading, she fellowshiped this, “From these words we can understand that when the Lord comes again, the incarnate God Himself will not know. Nor will we. Thus it can be certain that the Lord won’t openly appear to us upon a white cloud of heaven as we imagined. There is actually not only the ‘descend with the clouds’ prophecy in the Bible. There are also many prophecies like that the Lord will come as a thief and descend secretly. For example, ‘Behold, I come as a thief’ (Revelation 16:15). ‘Therefore be you also ready: for in such an hour as you think not the Son of man comes’ (Matthew 24:44). ‘But of that day and that hour knows no man, no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father’ (Mark 13:32). All these prophecies refer to the Lord becoming flesh as the Son of man and descending in secret. ‘As a thief’ and ‘that day and that hour knows no man’ means coming quietly, secretly. In addition, the Lord prophesied, ‘For as the lightning, that lightens out of the one part under heaven, shines to the other part under heaven; so shall also the Son of man be in his day. But first must he suffer many things, and be rejected of this generation’ (Luke 17:24-25). This also refers to the second coming of the Lord being in the flesh. If the coming of the Lord was His resurrected spiritual body descending on a cloud and publicly appearing to mankind, then people would see Him and they would prostrate and bow down to worship Him. Who would dare to oppose and condemn Him? Then how could He suffer many things and be rejected of this generation? Just as when the Lord Jesus appeared and worked, from the outside, He looked to be an ordinary, normal person. When He performed work and gave sermons, nobody knew He is God; the chief priests, scribes, and Pharisees even resisted, condemned, and rejected Him. Ultimately they crucified Him. So, only by being incarnated as the Son of man can God suffer hardship and be rejected by people.”
She continued by saying, “Then, what is the relationship between God incarnate descending in secret to work and God appearing in public atop clouds? In the last days, God becomes flesh and comes secretly. He speaks words and does His work of judgment beginning at the house of God, purifying and perfecting mankind, and making a group of overcomers before the calamities. Only then will God descend openly with clouds to manifest Himself to mankind. Then the prophecy in the Bible will be fulfilled, ‘Behold, he comes with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen’ (Revelation 1:7). In theory, when the Lord openly descends upon the clouds, people should be joyous and happy, but why will they wail? It is because during the period in which Almighty God incarnate has descended in secret to work, they not only do not seek and examine, but also judge, condemn, and resist God’s work. When God openly appears, they will see the Almighty God that they have resisted and condemned is precisely the Lord Jesus they have been bitterly awaiting all these years. At that time, they shall beat their chests, weep and gnash their teeth, and their outcome can only be punishment.”
After hearing her fellowshiping, I felt like the clouds had been lifted and I saw the sun. It turned out that, the Lord will return in secret to work and save man, and only afterward will openly descend upon a cloud to reward good and punish evil. I finally understood why we have not seen the Lord descend upon the clouds but He has already appeared. At that time, I felt very ashamed. I thought, “I’ve read those verses many times, so how come I haven’t recognized this aspect, and instead thought God would only appear in a spiritual body upon a cloud? I am really too numb and blind.”
The true meaning of “white cloud” is like this.
After that, another sister read another passage of Almighty God’s words, “Throughout the universe, all those who know of the salvation of Jesus the Savior have been desperately yearning for the sudden arrival of Jesus Christ, to fulfill the words of Jesus when on earth: ‘I shall arrive just as I departed.’ Man believes that, following the crucifixion and resurrection, Jesus went back to heaven upon a white cloud, and took His place at the Most High’s right hand. Man conceives that similarly, in the last days Jesus shall descend, again upon a white cloud (this cloud refers to the cloud that Jesus rode upon when He returned to heaven), among those who have desperately yearned for Him for thousands of years, and that He shall bear the image and clothes of the Jews. After appearing to man, He shall bestow food upon them, and cause living water to gush forth for them, and shall live among man, full of grace and love, living and real. And so on. Yet Jesus the Savior did not do this; He did the opposite of what man conceived. He did not arrive among those who had yearned for His return, and did not appear to all men while riding upon the white cloud. He has already arrived, but man does not know Him, and remains ignorant of His arrival. Man is only aimlessly awaiting Him, unaware that He has already descended upon a ‘white cloud’ (the cloud which is His Spirit, His words, and His entire disposition and all that He is), and is now among a group of overcomers that He will make during the last days.”
Then she continued, “Almighty God’s words make it very clear that ‘white cloud’ written in the Bible isn’t what we imagined as the clouds of heaven, but is God’s Spirit, words, entire disposition, and all that He is. In welcoming the second coming of the Lord, many people rely on their notions and imaginations, cling to the literal meaning of the verses, and idly wait for the Lord to return on a cloud to receive them. When hearing some people testify that the Lord Jesus has returned, they define God’s work with their conceptions and imagination and think that God could not possibly come in secret. They don’t have a heart of seeking the truth, causing them to miss the chance to welcome the Lord’s appearance. Just like the Jewish Pharisees: They longed for the arrival of the Messiah but didn’t know Him, nor did they understand the real meaning of the Biblical prophecies. And they just defined God based on the literal meaning of the Bible. When the Lord Jesus’ work was not in line with their notions, they didn’t seek or investigate it at all, but instead resisted, condemned, and denied God’s work, and in the end they crucified the Lord Jesus. They became someone who, on the one hand longed for the Messiah, but on the other resisted the Lord Jesus. Therefore, in regard to the return of the Lord, we shouldn’t confine it based on our notions and imaginations but should maintain a heart of humility and seeking. Only in this way can we welcome God’s appearance and avoid walking the God-resisting path of the Pharisees.”
God dissecting my stupid notions through His words, I felt very humiliated. I thought of God’s words, “For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways” (Isaiah 55:8). God’s wisdom is really unfathomable to mankind. God’s words are full of the truth and authority. None but God could express these words. At that moment, I got very excited and shared my inner joy with them, “Sisters, now I understand that the method of the Lord’s return as I originally believed is a figment of my imagination and notion. Actually, the Bible predicts that the Lord will return in secret, in the flesh, and that only after finishing His work of salvation will He appear publicly. From God’s words I also understand that ‘white cloud’ is His Spirit, words, His entire disposition, and all that He is, rather than a materialistic cloud that can be seen with my eyes. I’ve never heard such clear and incisive fellowship. I want to hear more.”
Then, the sisters fellowshiped with me many truths to do with how to differentiate between the true Christ and false Christs, how God does His work of judgment in the last days, and other aspects of the truth. The words expressed by Almighty God resolved my notions and imaginations that I had retained in my faith in the Lord all along, and allowed me to understand something about how God works to save mankind. I felt my spirit had been reborn and my heart brightened. I completely believed that Almighty God is the returned Lord Jesus. The Lord Jesus said, “I have yet many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. However, when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will show you things to come” (John 16:12-13). And Revelation 3:13 said, “He that has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.” Almighty God is the Spirit of truth who guides us and supplies us with all the truths, and is also our gateway to God’s kingdom. Only from Him can we attain the water of living life that flows from the throne. So I happily accepted the work of Almighty God in the last days.
Dear brothers and sisters, the Lord Jesus said, “My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me” (John 10:27). “Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me” (Revelation 3:20). In the last days, the Lord knocks at the door of our hearts with His words. Only by being a wise virgin and paying careful attention to God’s voice, will we welcome the Lord’s appearance and not miss the chance to enter into the kingdom of heaven.
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chicagoindiecritics · 5 years ago
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New from Kevin Wozniak on Kevflix: What’s Streaming This Month? – August
Here are my picks for the best movies coming to Netflix, Prime Video, Hulu, Disney+, Criterion Channel, and HBOMax in August.  This month offers up some great options, including Oscar winners, indie gems, and Hollywood classics.
          NETFLIX
Full list of everything coming to Netflix in August can be found here.
    THE ADDAMS FAMILY (Barry Sonnenfeld, 1991)
A perfect adaptation of the classic show about the creepy, kooky, mysterious, and spooky family.
  AN EDUCATION (Lone Scherfig, 2009)
Carey Mulligan’s breakout performance leads Lone Scherfig’s coming-of-age drama.
  BEING JOHN MALKOVICH (Spike Jonez, 1999)
One of two Charlie Kaufman-written movies coming to Netflix this month.  This one looks at a group of people who find a tunnel that puts them inside the mind of actor John Malkovich.  It’s an incredible film.
  CASINO ROYALE/QUANTUM OF SOLACE (Martin Campbell/Marc Forster, 2006/2008)
Though Quantum of Solace is a bit of a dud, Casino Royale is my favorite James Bond movie and ushered in Daniel Craig as one of our best Bond’s.
  ETERNAL SUNSHINE OF THE SPOTLESS MIND (Michel Gondry, 2004)
The other Charlie Kaufman-written film is his strongest screenplay to date and one of the most original movies of the 21st century.
  JURASSIC PARK TRILOGY (Steven Spielberg/Joe Johnston, 1994/1998/2001)
Lost World and Jurassic Park III may not live up to the first film (not many films do), but this is a fun trilogy of dinosaur chaos and mayhem.
  MR. DEEDS (Steven Brill, 2002)
One of the last great Adam Sandler vehicles.  This movie never fails to make me laugh.
  NIGHTCRAWLER (Dan Gilroy, 2014)
One of Jake Gyllenhaal’s best performances came in Dan Gilroy’s thriller about a man obsessed with breaking into the world of crime journalism.
  OCEAN’S 12 & OCEAN’S 13 (Steven Soderbergh, 2004, 2007)
It’s kind of annoying they don’t have the whole trilogy on here (more on Ocean’s 11 later in this list) but these are fun, cool, twisty, weird movies with stellar casts that are endlessly rewatchable.
  SAFETY NOT GUARANTEED (Colin Tervorrow, 2012)
The only good movie Colin Trevorrow has made is a unique take on the time travel movie.
    AMAZON PRIME VIDEO
Full list of everything coming to Amazon Prime Video in August can be found here.
    3:10 TO YUMA (James Mangold, 2007)
James Mangold’s underrated Western remake features dynamite performances from Russell Crowe, Christian Bale, and Ben Foster.
  INCEPTION (Christopher Nolan, 2010)
One of the best movies of 2010’s is as bold as any blockbuster film ever made.
  MARGIN CALL (JC Chandor, 2011)
JC Chandor’s debut is a tightly strung, expertly acted look at the 2008 financial crash.
  TOP GUN (Tony Scott, 1986)
An 80’s classic.
  DORA AND THE LOST CITY OF GOLD (James Bobin, 2019)
This adaptation of the Nickelodeon children’s show is an exciting and fun adventure film.
  THE PEANUT BUTTER FALCON (Tyler Nilson, Michael Schwartz, 2019)
Led by the terrific performances by Shia LeBeouf and Zack Gottsagen, this is sweet, funny, heartwarming road movie that will melt your heart.
    HULU
Full list of everything coming to Hulu in August can be found here.
    AUSTRALIA (Baz Luhrman, 2008)
Baz Luhrmann’s bold romance staring Hugh Jackman and Nicole Kidman.
  THE BROTHERS MCMULLEN (Edward Burns, 1995)
Edward Burns won the top prize at the 1995 Sundance Film Festival for his film about three Irish Catholic brothers from Long Island who struggle to deal with love, marriage, and infidelity.
  MASTER AND COMMANDER: THE FAR SIDE OF THE WORLD (Peter Weir, 2003)
An epic sea adventure from the great Peter Weir.
  RAIN MAN (Barry Levinson, 1988)
Barry Levinson’s Best Picture winner features a pair of excellent performances from Best Actor winner Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise.
  STAR TREK: THE MOTION PICTURE/STAR TREK II: THE WRATH OF KHAN/STAR TREK III: THE SEARCH OF SPOCK/STAR TREK V: THE FINAL FRONTIER/STAR TREK: THE UNDISCOVERED COUNTRY/STAR TREK: INSURRECTION (Robert Wise/Nicholas Meyer/Leonard Nimoy/William Shatner/Nicholas Meyer/Jonathon Franks, 1979/1982/1984/1989/1991/1998)
Being more of a Star Wars person my entire life I did not watch a lot of Star Trek, so I’m excited and intrigued to check these films out.
  UP IN THE AIR (Jason Reitman, 2009)
George Clooney is sensational in Jason Reitman’s look at a man who makes a living firing people.
    DISNEY+
Full list of everything coming to Disney+ in August can be found here.
    ANT-MAN AND THE WASP (Peyton Reed, 2018)
One of the most underrated movies in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
  THE PEANUTS MOVIE (Steve Martino, 2015)
A funny, sweet, beautifully animated adaptation of the Charles Schwartz creation.
  X-MEN (Bryan Singer, 2000)
One of the most important comic book movies ever made.
    CRITERION CHANNEL
Full list of everything coming to Criterion Channel in August can be found here.
*The Criterion Channel does things a little differently than every other streaming service.  The Criterion Channel, a wonderful streaming service that focuses on independent, foreign, and under-appreciates movies, doesn’t just throw a bunch of random movies to stream.  They get more creative, by having categories like “DOUBLE FEATURES” or “FILMS FROM…”, giving us curated lists of films that somehow blend together or feature a specific artist.*
    AUSTRALIAN NEW WAVE
A look at the films that changed Australian cinema forever in the 1970’s and early 80’s.
Walkabout (Nicolas Roeg, 1971)
The Cars That Ate Paris (Peter Weir, 1974)
Picnic at Hanging Rock (Peter Weir, 1975)
Sunday Too Far Away (Ken Hannam, 1975)
The Devil’s Playground (Fred Schepisi, 1976)
Don’s Party (Bruce Beresford, 1976)
Storm Boy (Henri Safran, 1976)
The Getting of Wisdom (Bruce Beresford, 1977)
The Last Wave (Peter Weir, 1977)
The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (Fred Schepisi, 1978)
Long Weekend (Colin Eggleston, 1978)
Money Movers (Bruce Beresford, 1978)
Newsfront (Phillip Noyce, 1978)
Mad Max (George Miller, 1979)
My Brilliant Career (Gillian Armstrong, 1979)
The Plumber (Peter Weir, 1979)
Breaker Morant Bruce Beresford, (1980)
Gallipoli (Peter Weir, 1981)
Puberty Blues (Bruce Beresford, 1981)
Starstruck (Gillian Armstrong, 1982)
The Year of Living Dangerously (Peter Weir, 1982)
  DIRECTED BY WIM WENDERS
Dabbling in both narrative and documentary films, this group of films from director Wim Wenders showcases one of Hollywood’s most diverse filmmakers.
Alice in the Cities, 1974
Wrong Move, 1975
Kings of the Road, 1976
The American Friend, 1977
Paris, Texas, 1984
Tokyo-ga, 1985
Wings of Desire, 1987
Until the End of the World, 1991
Palermo Shooting, 2008
Pina, 2011
  DOUBLE FEATURE: THE DECLINE OF MIDWESTERN CIVILIZATION
THE MAGNIFICENT AMBERSONS (Orson Welles, 1942)
KINGS ROW (Sam Wood, 1942)
Two 1942 films that focus on the trials and tribulations of people living in turn-of-the-century Midwest towns.
  DOUBLE FEATURE: BEHIND THE SCENES
HOLLYWOOD SHUFFLE
THE PLAYER (Robert Altman, 1992)
Two wonderful, darkly funny looks at working in Hollywood.
  BRAZIL (Terry Gillian, 1985)
Terry Gilliam’s insane dystopian film is another one I have been dying to revisit.
    BACURAU (Juliano Dornelles, Kleber Mendonça Filho, 2020)
One of the most critically acclaimed movies of 2020 focuses on sinister events in a Brazilian village.
  RAFIKI (Wanuri Kahiu, 2018)
A bright, colorful love story about forbidden love in Kenya.
    HBOMAX
Full list of everything coming to HBOMax in August can be found here
    ALL THE PRESIDENTS MEN (Alan J. Pakula, 1976)
The greatest film about journalism ever made and a true American masterpiece.
  BATMAN/BATMAN RETURNS/BATMAN FOREVER/BATMAN BEGINS/THE DARK KNIGHT (Tim Burton/Joel Schumacher/Christopher Nolan, 1989/1992/1995/2005/2008)
Need a Batman fix?  HBO has your back.
  BEFORE SUNRISE/BEFORE SUNSET (Richard Linklater, 1995/2004)
Really mad Before Midnight isn’t on here, but the Before Trilogy is the greatest trilogy in all of cinema and each film offers up something special.
  THE FUGITIVE (Andrew Davis, 1992)
A thrilling and entertaining Best Picture nominee.
  IDIOCRACY (Mike Judge, 2006)
A political satire that feels all too real now.
  JOJO RABBIT (Taika Waititi, 20190
Taika Waititi won an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay in this comedic World War II film about a child who’s imaginary friend is Adolf Hitler.
  OCEAN’S 11 (Steven Soderbergh, 2001)
Arguably the coolest heist movie ever made.
  AN AMERICAN PICKLE (Brandon Trost, 2020)
An immigrant worker at a pickle factory is accidentally preserved for 100 years and wakes up in modern day Brooklyn.  Seth Rogen plays the immigrant worker and his great grandson.
  BIRDS OF PREY (AND THE FANTABULOUS EMANCIPATION OF ONE HARLEY QUINN) (Cathy Yan, 2020)
Though I wasn’t the biggest fan of this when I first saw it, Margot Robbie is an absolute delight to watch as Harley Quinn.
  THE WAY BACK (Gavin O’Connor, 2020)
Ben Affleck gives the best performance of his career in Gavin O’Connor’s drama about a man trying to turn his life around.
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topfygad · 5 years ago
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The Culture & Traditions of The People
On the massive continent of Africa, there are several different tribes of people, many of which are still living in a way that’s loyal to its own traditional customs. One of these is the Maasai tribe and when you go on an African safari in Tanzania it’s possible to pay a visit to their land to have a firsthand peek at their lifestyle.
Along the safari routes on my trips to Tanzania with Shadows of Africa, I saw the Maasai people dozens of times. Their blue and red frocks gave them away every time. Not only are they scattered throughout the main roads, mostly herding their cattle. Their villages are also sporadically spread on the long stretches of land. But, what is Maasai culture all about?
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Who are the Maasai People & History
The Maasai tribe is a semi-nomadic ethnic group from East Africa, mostly settled in northern Tanzania and Kenya. Their spoken language is Maa, derived from Nilotic languages, most specifically falling under the category of Eastern Nilotic.
According to their own oral history, their tribe originated near Lake Turkana, an East African lake located mostly in Kenya’s territory. Their migration to their current territory happened between the 17th and 18th centuries. They’ve been known across history as formidable warriors and hunters, although raising cattle has been, and still is, their main activity.
By the mid-19th century, they had grown to their largest in size and territory. However, unfortunately the last two decades of the 19th century wiped out more than half of the tribe – according to estimations – due to a mix of smallpox, drought and starvation, the latter of which was brought on by nearly all of their cattle dying from an animal disease called rinderpest.
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Then the 20th century came along and turned much of what was known as Maasai territory into wildlife reserves and national parks. This also led to the government beginning to pressure the tribe to give up their traditional semi-nomadic lifestyle revolving around herding, in favor of adopting a more settled and sedentary lifestyle of farming. However, apart from some exceptional cases of Maasai people who moved into the city to get educated, to this date the tribe has remained persistent in their pursuit of their traditional way of living.
Maasai Warrior
As I already briefly mentioned, besides raising and herding cattle, the Maasai tribe also has a long withstanding history as warriors. Their warrior caste is called il-murran in their native Maa language, with a new group of soldiers, from the age groups of 12 to 25, getting formed every 15 years or so.
There is a strict training period they must undergo, concluding in a variety of initiation rites, among which the most important one is circumcision. This rite is carried out with traditional instruments, without anesthetics, due to their belief that the ability resist pain is an integral part of these young warriors’ transition from boy to man.
Becoming a Maasai warrior is a source of great pride for the boys of the tribe. In addition to providing security for their families, a Maasai warrior’s duty lies in protecting their animals from predators, both animal and human. They also build kraals, which are Maasai homes.
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Maasai Tribe Culture
Maasai Homes
As the Maasai tribe is accustomed to moving every 3 to 4 years, after the pastures of their current location has been used up, their huts are built from small branches and brushwood, covered by manure, clay, mud and dry cattle dung, with the intention of the home only lasting for a temporary period of time.
These homes are easily identifiable by the small cluster of cow dung huts with straw roofs. There are no windows, but there is typically a fireplace. Animal skins on top of the mud floor serve as their sleeping place. It is often the women’s job to build these huts, also carrying the material needed for it on their shoulders from one place of living to another.
During my visits with the Maasai, I was able to tour two of these homes, which were made entirely by the women of the tribe. The interiors consisted of two to three tiny rooms, typically one for the husband and wife, one for the children and the main area was a kitchen. It was very dark since there were no windows and each of the rooms could not have been larger than 5’x6′.
The bedrooms were mostly vacant besides the blue tarps that lined the floors. The “kitchens” had dirt floors and were only equipped with a necessities, like ceramic mugs, teapots, plastic bowls and towels.
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The Importance of Cattle to the Maasai People
One of the reasons that the Maasai’s cattle hold so much value because it is a form of currency, being traded for an array of goods. Another reason is because it’s their main source of food and resources—skin and leather is used for shields and bedding, while dung is smeared on the walls of the houses. But beyond that, they have a genuine and deep relationship with their cattle, withholding the belief that it’s their duty to take care of all the cattle in the world. As such, they lean into their semi-nomadic lifestyle in search of pastures with food and water for the cattle.
It is also believed among the tribe, as well as some other African ethnic groups, that a man’s wealth is measured by the quantity of their wives, children and cattle.
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Maasai Food, Drink & Diet
At the center of the Maasai tribe’s diet is milk, meat and drinking the blood of their cattle. Though their cattle is the main source of nourishment, other animals like goats and lambs may be occasionally eaten.
Drinking Cattle Blood / / On special occasions or to help with nourishment during healing, they will also drink the blood of their cattle that is acquired by nicking the jugular vein. This is especially true are the circumcision of young boys.
Maasai Religion
Their traditional belief system is monotheistic, with their god carrying the name Engai, and having manifested in two forms: the benevolent black god and the vengeful red god. Laibon, similar to a priest or a shaman, is the religion’s most important figure, with a role of healing and prophecy, among others. Today, some of the Maasai tribe are Christian and they also have a Muslim minority.
Maasai Songs and Jumping Dance
In traditional Maasai music, there is an olaranyani, who is the song leader and in charge of singing the melody of the song. They begin singing the namba of the song, which is a call-and-response pattern, and a chorus will respond in harmony.
Dance is also a big part of the Maasai culture. They are known for their dance which resembles jumping, typically performed by warriors.
During each of my visits were were immediately welcomed by the residents with a lively dance, which consisted of chanting in combination with the men jumping high and the women performing in a rhythmic bouncing motion. I was brought into the center of the group to participate into this tradition, which confirmed I have no rhythm, even when it comes to simply bobbing up and down.
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This video is from one of my visits and there’s lots of the Maasai jumping dance going on!
youtube
Maasai Clothing
Previously, much of Maasai people’s clothing was made of animal skins. However, today the typical way of attire are shuka, a sheet of fabric wrapped around the body, often the color of red or blue. It’s also common for them to wear a lot of beaded jewelry around their neck and arms. Ear piercings and stretching of earlobes are seen as beautiful by the tribe members, and thus many, both men and women, wear metal hoops on their stretched earlobes.
Apart from red and blue, young men who have just been circumcised will commonly wear black, while women often like to dress in checked, striped or other patterned pieces of clothing.
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Maasai Women
The women actually do most of the work inside of each village, while the men are in charge of creating wealth, with their herds of cattle and being the warriors. The Maasai women by no means have an easy life. They marry young, have many children and are responsible for a lot of the hard labor.
The tribe’s live a polygamist lifestyle, the more wives the chief has, the more respected he is. And the more wives, the less work each one is responsible for, so we were told that many of the women did not mind when another lady was brought into their community.
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Learn more about the Maasai women:
youtube
As you have read here, the Maasai tribe culture and its people have a long withstanding history, one that can still be seen in nearly full effect today.
If you want to read more about the Maasai, there are many autobiographical books on the market. but, two of the top ones are Facing the Lion: Growing Up Maasai on the African Savanna and Among the Maasai.
This experience was provided in collaboration with Shadows of Africa. All opinions my own. This post may contain affiliate links. You can read my disclosure here.
More African Safari Related Articles
African Safari in Tanzania: The Ultimate Itinerary and Tour Bucket List of 15 Things to Do on a Safari in Tanzania Spot the Big Five on an African Safari Eat Traditional African Ugali. A Stiff Porridge. Visit An Orphanage in Tanzania, Africa Go Glamping in the Center of Africa’s Serengeti Get Travel Vaccinations for an African Safari 9 Things To Do on a Long Haul Flight to Cure Boredom
source http://cheaprtravels.com/the-culture-traditions-of-the-people/
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afrikanza · 5 years ago
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African Masks Examined: History, Type, Role, Meaning & Examples
One of the most enduring and fascinating aspects of African culture is masks. In Western museums and private collections, they are treated as artistic objects appreciated for their aesthetic qualities. However, their role in African society is more functional than artistic.
Read on and you will learn everything you need to know about the African mask tradition.
Ancient African Masks
Africans have been making masks since prehistory. The earliest evidence we have for masking in Africa comes from rock paintings in Algeria at Tassili n’Ajjer.
These show masks that look a lot like contemporary West African masks and date to about 11,000 years ago. We don’t know how these masks were used though.
The function of ancient Egyptian masks, however, is better known.
The most famous of these is the boy king Tutankhamun’s gold funerary mask, which was placed on his mummy and weighed a whopping 22.5 pounds (10 kilos).
Funerary mask of Tutankhamun. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg
Made from two sheets of gold: the face and neck are made from 18.4-carat gold and the rest is made from 22.5-carat gold. It is decorated with a number of precious stones.
Throughout ancient Egyptian history, funerary masks of lesser artistic quality were placed on mummies of common people.
There are three known types of masks depicting animal-headed gods from ancient Egypt. A priest wore a mask of the jackal-god Anubis mask during funerary rituals, which are depicted in Egyptian art.
Two such masks also survive. One is a light wooden mask that would have sat on top of the head but the other is a clay helmet that weighs a whopping 17 pounds!
Masks of the lion-headed god Bes also were used in rituals, including perhaps puberty rituals, as depicted in one tomb where a masked individual accompanied dancing boys. (1)
Priests wore masks of the falcon-headed god Horus during various religious rituals as well.
Types of African Masks
African masks take on different forms. They may only cover the face, or go over the entire head, cover part of the torso, or be a headdress that rests on top of the head.
Some are very small, some are life-size, and others are gigantic.
Some masks represent animals, either in their form or by incorporating actual parts of animals into their production.
Others represent male or female figures. Those that represent women generally take on an idealized view of female beauty.
10 Examples of African Masks
The number of types of African masks probably reaches into the hundreds, primarily among the cultures of West and Central Africa.
Below is a sampling of ten types of masks, their uses and the cultures with which they are associated.
Kanaga
Mask (Kanaga), Mali, Dogon peoples, 20th century, wood, fiber, hide, pigment, 53.6 x 97.2 x 15.9 cm (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)
The Kanaga mask is a funerary mask worn by the Dogon people of Mali intended to ensure the safe passage of the deceased to the otherworld where his ancestors are. (2)
Kòmòkunw
Alternate view, Kòmò Helmet Mask (Kòmòkun), 19th–mid-20th century, Guinea or Mali or Burkina Faso or Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa, Komo or Koma Power Association, Wood, bird skull, porcupine quills, horns, cotton, sacrificial materials, 35.2 x 22.1 x 85.6 cm (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)
The threatening-looking Kòmò Helmet Mask is worn by the Bamana people of Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Côte d’Ivoire. Secret societies wear the mask during private meetings where they learn about the society’s history, rituals and beliefs. (3)
Nwatantay
Mask (Nwantantay), Burkina Faso, Black Volta River region, Bwa peoples. 19th–20th century, wood, pigment, and fiber, 182.9 x 28.2 x 26 cm (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)
The Nwatantay mask of the Bwa people of Burkina Faso represents natural spirits that cannot be seen by humans. The designs of the masks teach important moral and social lessons during dances performed for funerals, agricultural rituals, and initiations. (4)
Helmet Mask
Helmet Mask, 19th-20th century, Sierra Leone, Moyamba region, Mende or Sherbro peoples, wood, metal, 47.9 x 22.2 x 23.5cm (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)
The helmet mask of the Mende people of Sierra Leone is unusual in that it is worn by female initiates of a young women’s association. While the face represents ideal female beauty, the beard indicates that women are equal to men in their knowledge. (5)
Okuyi
Private collection of author (Okuyi mask from Gabon) – Sydney, Australia (wikipedia.org/wiki/okuyi/)
The okuyi mask is worn among the Bantu people of Cameroon, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea during rites of passage such as infants reaching 4 months of age, adolescence, and funerals. These rituals can last for hours and are accompanied by dancing and singing. (6)
Yaka
https://africa.si.edu/collections/view/objects/asitem/Objects@3491/4?t:state:flow=c57d372d-c31f-4221-8dac-e020dede7b0c
The nkanda of the Democratic Republic of Congo wear these masks during puberty and circumcision rites. They represent ancestors or important figures within their culture. (7)
Koro
https://africa.si.edu/collections/view/objects/asitem/6522/14/title-asc?t:state:flow=f786c1db-d461-465c-bf61-46990e416106
Muslim communities such as the Koro of Nigeria also use masks as part of rituals. The koro mask lacks any human or animal representations, in keeping with Islamic scripture. (8)
Lipike
https://www.plu.edu/africanartcollection/masks/makonde-mask-3/learn-more-makonde-mask-3/
Made by the Makonde people of Tanzania and Mozambique, these helmet masks featured prominently in rituals used during different life stages of children. (9)
Kponyungo
https://www.plu.edu/africanartcollection/masks/firespitter/learn-more-firespitter/
During three day long funerals of the Senufo tribe in Côte d’Ivoire, members of the secret male Poro society wear these masks while beating on drums next to the funerary bed. (10)
Bobo Tere
https://www.plu.edu/africanartcollection/masks/tere-mask/learn-more-tere-mask/
The Bobo people of Burkina Faso believe the son, Dwo, of the creator god, was left on earth to mediate between man and God. This mask represents him but does not depict him, because he cannot be seen, and is used in performances intended to maintain the balance of nature in the agricultural society. (11)
The Role of African Masks
Meaning and Function
African masks are not simply beautiful artistic objects to be admired. Rather, they are part of a ceremonial costume. They are not meant to represent actual people or even animals.
These masks served as a way for people to communicate with the spirit world. The spirits that take up residence in the masks can be ancestors or natural entities.
When the mask wearer puts on the mask, his identity is taken over by the spirit represented by the mask.
People are not even allowed to speak the name of the mask wearer because he is subsumed in the mask spirit’s identity.
African masks also serve as educational tools, as part of rituals to teach social roles and physical control or to settle disputes. All community members were required to attend Igbo masquerades in Nigeria, where the masked individuals would approach people and tell them the bad behavior they engaged in.
Uses
Masks play a central role in masquerades, during which the mask wearers danced accompanied by music.
Masks representing dead ancestors play an important role in African funerals. Masks are also worn during rites of passage, such as mass circumcision of boys or during initiation into secret societies.
Examples of African Masks Being Used in Rituals
Nigerian Igbo Masquerades
All community members were required to attend Igbo masquerades in Nigeria, where the masked individuals would approach people and tell them the bad behavior they engaged in.
Igbo initiates wearing tall masks made from calabash.
Dogon funeral in Mali
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Danse_de_masques_dogon_au_Mali.jpg
Tiriki circumcision ceremony in Kenya, where boys are secluded for four weeks.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dancing_alongside_family.JPG
Masked figure with lion head and boys during a possible ancient puberty ritual.
https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?partid=1&assetid=229649001&objectid=111363
The Making of an African Mask
Who Made African Masks?
African mask makers were often farmers or blacksmiths by trade or people who learned as apprentices from other artists, who they paid to teach them for two or three years.
Families often passed the tradition down from generation to generation. In most cultures, the mask maker was a respected member of society.
Carving a mask with an adze. https://www.kunst-aus-westafrika.com/scondjwin-dagnogo-images
The Design Process of African Masks
Inspiration
Highly stylized in design, African masks are not intended as portraits of real people. Mask designers usually follow traditional designs, especially ones that pleased spirits in the past.
By copying these carefully, the artists believe that they will attract other spirits to dwell in them.
Sometimes a person will have a dream that inspires the design of a mask.
They would then go to the local elders and describe the dream, and these elders would take a decision as to whether the mask should be made or not.
Patterns
Geometric and symmetrical patterns often play a prominent role in the design of African masks.
These include parallel lines, curves, spirals, and cruciform shapes all are found.
Certain patterns distinguish the two genders, with prominent bouffant hairstyles indicating women. Sometimes the patterns represent scarification of the face that is common in some African cultures.
Some are influenced by other faiths, such as crosses representing Christianity and patterns inspired by Islamic art.
Materials
The most important material used in mask making is wood.
Wood is plentiful in Africa’s forests. Trees are thought to possess a soul and therefore it is a good material to house the spirit of the mask.
Sometimes an offering or sacrifice is even made to the tree’s soul before it is chopped down.
African mask makers work with many materials including brass, copper, bronze, brass, terracotta and glazed pottery, raffia and fabrics.
Decorative elements they apply to masks include cowrie shells, beads, bone, animal skins, feathers, and vegetable fibers.
The pigments and dyes used to color the wood are natural materials such as clay, seeds, tree bark and leaves.
The Mask Making Process
The mask maker carves the mask using a traditional tool called an adze. This and his other tools each had a spirit that dwelled in it and a sacrifice had to be made to the tools before commencement of the work.
For the mask to be endowed with its intended powers, it needed to be consecrated by a priest, medicine man or magician.
Only through these rituals, which often involved adding magical substances to the mask, would the spirits who were intended to dwell in the mask take up their abode there.
Collections of African Masks
The history of African mask collecting has gone through several stages since Europeans began to collect masks in the 19th century during their colonial forays into Africa.
At first, Europeans treated masks as ethnographic objects, and displayed them in natural history museums alongside taxidermied animals, exotic plant remains and fossils.
By the early 20th century, the same masks came to be regarded as art objects and were collected by and displayed in art museums. (12)
Masks In Museums outside Africa
https://blackhawkmuseum.org/art-of-africa/
Many museums struggle with the ethics of collecting and displaying African masks, due to the way in which some of the masks were collected and the spiritual implications of the masks.
When considering a mask in the Brooklyn Museum collection for an exhibition, the curator discovered that the mask, donated to the museum in 1998, had actually been stolen from a shrine in Nigeria in 1948.
She consulted the descendants of the family that had fashioned the mask on what to do.
The curator and the family conducted a divination ceremony with the gods as part of the decision making process. The gods told them that the mask was no longer spiritually empowered so the museum put the mask on display with the family’s blessing. (13)
President Emmanuel Macron of France commissioned a report on the restitution of sub-Saharan African art to Africa and the authors recommended that art in French museums either be temporarily or permanently returned to the continent from whence it came. (14)
Some of the best museums outside Africa to view African masks include the National Museum of African Art in Washington, DC, and the Brooklyn Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Museum of Primitive Art in New York.
In Europe, the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, Musée d’Ethnographie du Trocadéro in Paris and the British Museum all have excellent collections.
Masks In African Museums
Unfortunately, some of the greatest collections of African masks are outside the continent. However, some African museums also display collections of masks.
Among the museums where you can see masks in Africa is the National Museum of Burkina Faso or the newly inaugurated National Museum in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The Dundo Museum in Angola displays masks that were previously looted but returned.
Famous Private Art Collections
Collecting African art and masks, in particular, became en vogue among famous 20th century European and American artists. (15)
The masks began being featured prominently in their artworks or inspiring them.
Among these are Man Ray’s surrealist photo Noire et Blanche, one of many photographs he produced that featured West African artworks that he collected.
Noire et Blanche by Man Ray.
After a visit to the ethnographic museum in Paris, Pablo Picasso also started collecting masks and went through a period when he painted paintings that were inspired by them.
However, critics have complained that these works are examples of cultural appropriation and that the original craftsmen who produced the masks were never compensated for their contribution to these works. (16)
Should You Buy an African Mask?
If you want to buy a historical & authentic African mask, be prepared to shell out a good sum of money. The record paid for an African mask was $7.5 million at an auction in 2006.
Picasso was said to have been inspired by the Ngil mask from the Feng culture, hence the high price.
You have to be careful when buying an African mask as forgeries are common. (17)
The same ethical considerations that museums face also make buying African masks as an individual collector tricky.
Some of these masks are stolen and Africans are increasingly engaging in campaigns to get them back.
For example, Congolese businessman Sindika Dokolo has been tracking stolen masks since 2014.
When he identifies one, he approaches the owner and asks for proof of how much they paid for the mask. He then makes them an offer to buy it at the same price. If they refuse, he sends his lawyers after them.
He has successfully returned a number of masks this way. (18)
However, there is an alternative for those who don’t have a lot of money to spend and don’t want to worry about legalities but want to get started collecting African masks.
Contemporary artists like Sefah Mohamed from Accra, and Abdul Aziz Mohamadu, sell their handmade masks at affordable prices online. (19, 20)
The demand for masks by tourists visiting Africa is so great that even in East Africa where they are less common, masks based on West African designs are sold in markets.
The Chinese have even gotten in on the business and some masks come with a “Made in China” sticker!
Frequently Asked Questions About African Masks
Where can I see an African mask dance (masquerade)?
Attending an African masquerade is a special experience that generally requires being part of African societies. However, mask dances are sometimes a focus of special tours to Africa, and Dogon mask dances are often performed specially for tourists.
What do African masks represent?
African masks represent spirits of the dead, and spirits representing natural phenomena.
Who wore African masks?
African masks were mostly worn by men because the spirits in the masks were seen as threatening to women.
What do the colors in African masks mean?
As they are worn across many different cultures, the colors of African masks have multiple meanings. However, several common meanings can be found for three colors: red, white and black.
Red is often used to represent blood spilled during wars or childbirth.
White signifies a mother’s milk or sperm, or the spirits of the ancestors.
Black represents the unknown. (21)
How long have African masks been around?
African masks are one of the oldest known forms of art. The earliest evidence of them is in the form of rock art from 11,000 years ago but they may be even older than that. It’s just that they aren’t preserved in the archaeological record.
What is the oldest African mask?
The oldest surviving African masks come from the Egyptian archaeological site of Hierakonpolis. These ceramic funerary masks had holes behind the ears to fit them over the face of the deceased person.
How can I make my own African mask?
Making an African mask is a great art project for kids that also helps them learn about cultures.
You might want to print out some of these line drawings of masks and then paste them on a piece of cardboard and cut out holes for the eyes, mouth, and nose. (22)
You can decorate it with paint, feathers, cotton, yarn, buttons, and tinfoil.
Here is a video example of just one way to make your own African mask!
youtube
Conclusion
African masks are one of the richest and most diverse artistic traditions in the world. While they are found in many of the world’s museums and art collections, these displays do not do justice to the important cultural role they play in performative rituals across much of the continent.
The post African Masks Examined: History, Type, Role, Meaning & Examples appeared first on Afrikanza.
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