#Daniel Croix

[avnj0gia]

Daniel Croix on Instagram

[zanephillips]

Daniel Croix in The Oval 2.15 “Don't Move“

[boysappetit]

Daniel Croix

[thirst-for-boys]

Daniel Croix

[wakandas]

more Hellfire Gala looks: downloaded these ideas from the aether at like 3am one sleepless night.

Monet: I thought of Gareth Pugh and customized this structured see-through "shawl" for her. Ceramic-like accessories to not distract too much.

Gentle: I played on the fear of his powers and what a fully vibranium-ed skin would look like. Dogon-style boots and Krakoan and Wakandan words speak to his walking of two (three) worlds.

Spyke: My son. I played up his alternative sk8er aesthetic with a Rick Owens style pants-heels combo. Crown of bones and attitude finish the look.

twitter / insta / store

[viktorgf]

—OCS AND VILLAIN SONGS

hey what’s up you guys welcome back to my channel— i did this post on my old blog ages ago which is unfortunately lost to time now and i wanted to do it again. so this has gotta be like, the third time some of y’all are seeing this but. fuck it we ball.

born from a post made by @unholymilf a loooong time ago that as more or less a question of if ur oc was a boss fight, what song would be playing and it struck me so here is ALL of my brain worms, including some new ones from the last post!

ANDIE— le soleil est près de moi; air.

POV: you’re bleeding out as andie is standing over you, burning white hot, hotter than the sun setting behind her. she is passionate and… reckless, and will swear this was self-defense. even if she struck first. even if she didn’t blink. even as she watches the life leave your body.

BIANCA— tricycle express; gaspard augé, mr. oizo.

POV: bianca is white knuckling her steering wheel, swiping her car against the side of your own for miles down the freeway. she is gonna run you off the road. she absolutely will; it’s unavoidable, and she’s gonna laugh while she’s doing it. this is the song she’s listening to.

CELESTE— vision; m83.

POV: “you will die soon. sooner than you were supposed to, now.” celeste deadpans as she hovers her hand over your forehead and waves. she makes a show of it, though her clairvoyance doesn’t require as much. you wish you had listened to her and thought better of asking in the first place. “it will be violent, and painful. give ares my best. leave my temple.” but you didn’t, and now it’s too late. your fate is sealed.

ELVIRA— old river; orville peck.

POV: you’re stiff, hairs on the back of your neck standing up. you’re being watched. this is a different kind of observation than the one you’re used to— the seeds constantly run surveillance on you, but this doesn’t feel as passive. you’re being hunted. and when you dare to turn on your heels to see elvira standing behind you with a crossbow bolt nocked with your name on it, you almost wish jacob was here to kill you instead. somehow, you know it would be more merciful.

OSLO— pennsylvania furnace; lingua ignota.

POV: oslo isn’t the deputy anymore. they’re the judge. eden’s gate is up a member who is worth a million and the resistance mourns a million more.

FAUSTINA— beyond the horizon; olivier deriviere.

POV: faustina is the last line of defense between you and the mother church. she’s a penitent, too, you must understand. the consecrated red ribbons she’s wrapped in are suffocating her the longer she takes to excommunicate you and she will try every prayer at her disposal to stop it—to stop you.

JEN— krack; soulwax.

POV: jen is chasing you through the fib building after she snitches on your whole operation to the iaa. you are an enemy of the state, but more importantly— you’re an enemy to agent jennifer daniels. she wants you dead, and you will be soon enough. especially if it’s up to her. and as of right now, she has you cornered in an interrogation room with nowhere to go and a gun to your head.

LOTTIE— arsonist’s lullabye; hozier.

POV: hawkins is ablaze, and lottie is at the scene of the crime staring into the flames.

LINDY— señor (tales of yankee power); jerry garcia.

POV: there’s barely anyone left to call a gang, and dutch knows as much. but he won’t admit it— that would require him admitting guilt for the losses, too. and he should be so lucky he’s still breathing; lindy wants to empty an entire revolver clip into his thick skull but knows she wouldn’t live long enough to feel the satisfaction. so she does the next best thing, and turns her back. there isn’t anything left for her, anyway. she would risk a lifetime of looking over her shoulder over having to look at him.

MAGS— change (in the house of flies); deftones.

POV: you’re being experimented on in an umbrella sanctioned lab and in walks mags— who you thought was on your side. after all, well fed devils behave better than famished saints. but not this one, she’s much worse.

MILDRED— god unbounded; uboa.

POV: you have just returned from the dead because some weirdo with a god complex and a proficiency in reanimating corpses decided that she needed the practice. and now that’s your problem, because you definitely have come back Wrong. but you’re back! surprise!

NICOLE— heart in a cage; the strokes.

POV: you’re witness to an absolute bloodbath as nicole goes crazy on the field. she’s completely lost herself, she isn’t in control anymore. she was always dangerous but now she’s lethal. she’s already gotten some of her own killed, and somebody needs to take her out before it gets worse. she’s a wild animal. and to her, you’re fresh meat.

SIBYL— summit song; nicole dollanganger.

POV: she drowns you in her scrying pool and you are never heard from again. it’s your own fault, really— anna henrietta told you to leave her be and you didn’t listen.

ROSALIND— goodbye; soap&skin, apparat.

POV: she begs mike for the coordinates of where it happened and he doesn’t budge. he never will. he doesn’t trust her not to take a shovel to the earth and dig him up. so in her state of delirium, she walks through the desert and screams and cries and repents. and becomes her own biggest villain.

ODETTE— graveyard; midnight syndicate.

POV: odette quite literally haunts her family estate, left to fall into disrepair. she’s a grief stricken wraith born of despair who brutally attacks anyone who dares step into her tomb. she’s a master illusionist even in death, so if you choose to fight her instead of just leaving, just make sure you first remove the mirrors from the wall.

okay whew that was a TASK but i’m gonna make this a tag game cs i wanna see Y’ALL make ur ocs evil and give them a soundtrack so hehe @florbelles @unholymilf @shellibisshe @ghostfvcker @benwishaw @loriane-elmuerto @leviiackrman @jackiesarch @rosayoro @statichvm @teamhawkeye @bloodofvalyria @red-nightskies @confidentandgood @simply-jason @scalpelsister @devilbrakers @lxmbert and you!

[fartlovingblkguy69]

Aromatherapy (Continuing a Story from Nifty.org)

A link to the story I'm continuing: https://www.nifty.org/nifty/gay/urination/aromatherapy

Part 1

I waited 10 minutes before leaving. I was shaking with anticipation. i had never been so excited in my whole life. He was already pulled around waiting in a 2018 GMC Sierra Crew Cab. "Get in. This isn't a free ride by the way. You can either give me gas money or get down there and sniff my gas. It's a 30 minute drive, maybe longer since it's about to be rush hour. Your choice". There wasn't even a question. I quickly climbed in the passenger side and laid down while he rose up and lowered his basketball shorts. He was wearing stained gray boxer briefs with a wet stain on the back and a big golden brown streak going up the crack. They smelled like a sweaty toilet seat. He quickly sat down and ground his fat ass around my face until my nose was right in the middle of his crack. He reached back, spreading his cheeks and pressing down until my nose was pushing the dirty undies into his hole and his ass enveloped my face. "Ah, that's it. Your nose feels great in my nasty hole. I'm still sweaty from that sauna and I just took the most massive shit so your nose is going to have to scratch that itch." He ground his ass on my face some more as we pulled out of the parking lot. We stopped at every red light on the way to the highway. It took 45 minutes to get to his place. I could smell the fresh shit around his hairy hole and he kept letting out the worst SBDs the whole way laughing each time and rubbing it in on my nose. Finally we got there and he pulled up his shorts and got out. I sat up and made my way out as well. The house was huge and there were 3 other vehicles in the driveway, 2 SUVs and another pickup. We made our way inside and he took me straight to the living room. "I'm hungry so I'm going to make myself something to eat. Get down on the floor with your head in that seat over there and I'll be back" pointing to the comfy chair in the corner. I quickly obeyed and was waiting quietly in the dark when suddenly this handsome young man walked in texting on his iPhone Xr. He had on only a jockstrap that was bulging. He looked to be about 25 maybe and he had a perfect amount of muscle, nice arms, legs, firm pecs, with a little bit of a chiseled but bloated belly and a nice happy trail. He launched himself ass first into the chair I had my face waiting in and oh boy was it a nice one. Nice smooth golden cheeks with a very hairy crack that smelled like a long day with several unshowered before it. Once he had sat down he quickly realized there was something under him but instead of getting up he just farted loudly and wetly. PRRRBBBBBBTTTTTT. "Ah. That felt good. I don't smell a thing. Pops must have gotten a new fart cushion. Awesome! Especially after all those burritos had for lunch. The cheese and beans is really fucking my stomach up." He sat on my face for 10 minutes letting let out several sbds and loud wet releases while rubbing his sexy belly and really ground his wet hole into my face before spreading his cheeks to let out a huge shart. SSSSSSRRRRRRRHHHHHHHHTTTTTTTT. My nose was sprayed with hot air and speckles of shit "Whew that was nasty. Think I felt a little shit come out on that one. Pops will have a fit if I stained his favorite chair! He might even make me his fart cushion again! Definitely don't need that torture!" He shot up and turned around bending down to make sure he hadn't made a mess of the seat. While he did I got to see more of his handsome face. He had a perfect chiseled jaw, beautiful mischievous eyes, and a thin, long nose (think Daniel Croix with green eyes). I licked my lips as he finally got to inspecting me. "Nice. It all went on you huh, cutie? Well plenty more where that came from" He said with a chuckle. He let out a bubbling fart into the air and sniffed. "Damn that's ripe. Why don't you open that pretty mouth for me this time just to be safe. I'll try not to take a dump in it". I shuddered at the thought as I'm not into that at all. He kindly wiped my face off looking down at me with a glint in his eye. I did as he said as he turned around and spread that perfect ass open.

[bunbuttbread]

Blacktober days 23 - 31 (I skipped day 28)

23 - Karaba The Witch (Kirikou)

24- Monet St. Croix

25 - Miles Morales (Earth 42)

26 - Miles Morales (616/1610)

27 - Spyke

28 -

29 - Idie (Temper/Oya)

30 - Storm

31 - Dr. Voodoo

BONUS : RANSOM (Valentin Correa)

That is all !! Happy Halloween !!

it's been a very long october. I should post ALL my blacktober pieces.

Though halfway through the month i switched from hitting fun characters w the black ray to drawing black characters bc they deserve to be seen.

[celadons-penultimate]

As soon as I heard there was gonna be a solo ongoing STORM comic, my mind immediately started thinking of all the great potential interactions (including but not limited to team-ups) I'd love to see:

-Astrid Bloom

-Bishop

-Black Panther (T'Challa)

-Blade

-Bling!

-Bloodline

-Bloodstorm

-Blue Marvel

-Brutha Nature

-Dr. Cecelia Reyes

-Cipher

-Craig of NASA

-Darkveil

-Doctor Voodoo

-Dust

-Frenzy

-Gentle

-Iceman

-Manifold

-Mjnari (with a new better name)

-Monet St. Croix

-Monica Rambeau

-Monet

-Prodigy

-Rictor

-Shard Bishop

-Silhouette (Janelle Chord)

-Spyke (Evan Daniels)

-Sunspot

-Synch

-Shuri

-Tempo

-Unveil

-Zoe Laveau

-etc

Let her interact w/ mutants & heroes & gods & monsters, the whole nine yards.

But also, give her chances to spend time w/ non-mutant friends & family & community. Not just leading, but also relaxing, resting, being cared for & enjoying life. I really need this comic to give us all sides of Ororo Munroe, from the powerful to the mundane.

[souurcitrus]

In my universe, Earth-18104, the X-Men had three schools in different times, the Xavier Mansion changed names every time a new "era" started, according to the story and the events of that time.

The story of the Xavier Institute is based in the comics and influenced by other events of this universe, that are based in other medias like the movies and comics, and don't follow the time-line of the comics in a precise way, because I wanted to give this universe a more real feeling of time passing slowly and the characters aging different from each generation.

So... yeah, some characters are older or younger than they are in the comics.

Here are some of the students that were enrolled in each school. And here the list of other groups of young superheroes.

• Xavier Institute for Gifted Young People (1972 - 1999)

The first school, of course, when Xavier still had to keep his and his students' identities a secret. People believed it was just a private school, even thought it had only a very few students, at first.

The first students were the original X-Men of 1972, trained by Xavier, Magneto, Mystique, Mastermind, Moira MacTaggert and Destiny (based on the movie X-Men First Class):

• Armando Muñoz / Darwin (16)

• Suzanne Chan / Sway (17)

• Vienna Adamsen / Petra (16)

• Sean Cassidy / Banshee (20)

They later all went to Muir Island to train with Moira, after Xavier suffered the injury that let him paralyzed.

In 1989, Xavier trained the second X-Men, the Original Five or X-Men '92:

• Jean Grey / Marvel Girl (17)

• Scott Summers / Cyclops (16)

• Bobby Drake / Iceman (15)

• Warren Worthington III / Angel (17)

• Henry McCoy / Beast (18)

Later in 1995, Lorna Dane / Polaris (20) and Alex Summers / Havok (17) joined the team.

At the same time, Moira had her own team if X-Men in Muir Island, trained by Petra, Sway and Darwin:

• Christopher Bradley / Bolt (14)

• Gabriel Summers / Vulcan (13)

• James Madrox / Multiple (16)

• David Haller (17/18)

In 1996 Kitty Pryde / Sprite (13), Alison Blaire / Dazzler (16), Gailyn and Joseph Grey / Shatter-Box (10) joined the school. And in 1997, it was Rogue (17) and Ruth Aldine / Blindfold (17).

*Shatterbox are minor characters in the comics. Blindfold is older than her counterpart in the comics, and acts as a mentor and counselor to the next students.

In 1997/1999, the Xavier Institute was turned into a real school, and thought he did not wanted to put more children in danger, Xavier created a new team of X-Men, the New Mutants:

• Illyana Rasputin / Magik (13)

• Xuân Cao Manh / Karma (15)

• Danielle Moonstar / Mirage (16)

• Sam Guthrie / Cannonball (16)

• Roberto da Costa / Sunspot (15)

• Rahne Sinclair / Wolfsbane (15)

• Amara Aquilla / Magma (15)

• James Proudstar / Warpath (14)

• Douglas Ramsey / Cypher (12)

• Warlock

* Illyana Rasputin was 6 years old before joined, however, after her time in the Limbo, she came back to her world as a 13 years old teenager. James Proudstar was brought to the school by his older brother after leaving the Hellions. And Jonh Proudstar never fucking died.

In 1999, Banshee and Emma Frost took care of a new class of mutants, the Generation X:

• Paige Guthrie / Husk (17)

• Angelo Spinosa / Skin (16)

• Jubilee (17)

• Monet St. Croix / Penance (17)

• Claudette and Nicole St. Croix / M (9)

• Jonothon "Jono" Starsmore / Chamber (18)

• Everett Thomas / Synch (17)

These kids were gathered and chosen as X-Men after being rescued from the Phalanx, however Clarice Ferguson / Blink (14) was lost after destroying the enemy and was only found years later. Not by the X-Men.

In 2000/2001, Apocalypse was awaken from his slumber and the X-Men fought against him and his Horsemen. In 2004, the Infinity Gaulent arc happened, and half of the universe was gone (Like in Avengers: Endgame), and only restaured in 2010.

The people turned to dust in this break of time didn't aged.

• Xavier Institute for Higher Education / Xavier Academy (1997 - 2004) and (2010 - 2017)

After these events, the Xavier Institute changed names again. Xavier, Jean Grey, Emma Frost, Hank McCoy, Logan and Scott Summers were the ones in charge.

The mansion was had more of a structure to resemble a real school, and even had a student body, more classes, etc.

In school year of 2011/2012 (September to june) the events of E is for Extinction and Riot at Xavier's took place. The students at the time were:

• Angel Salvadore / Tempest (15)

• Barnell Borhuk / Beak (15)

• Glob Herman

• Sophie, Phoebe, Irma, Celeste and Esme Cuckoo / The Stepford Cuckoos (14)

• Jebediah "Jeb" Guthrie (12)

• Melody Guthrie / Aero (15)

• Vincent Stewart / Redneck (15)

• Christian and Christine Cord / Radian and Tattoo (15)

• Quentin Quire / Kid Omega (14)

• Hong Liange (11)

• Lucy Priest / Butterfly (16)

• Carlo Brewster / Gelatin (14)

• Abraham Verne / Caput (15)

• Dana Holmes / Polymer (15)

• Alisa Tager / Cipher (11)

• Ellie Phimister / Negasonic Teenage Warhead (12)

• Kutsuna Yukio (12)

• Gabrielle and Michael Diwa / Galura and Arauto (13)

• Dean Boswell / Dummy (15)

• Martha Johansson (9)

• Ernst (10)

• Hisako Ichiki / Armor (13)

• Edward Tancredi / Wing (12)

• Quincy Marrow (14)

• Stan Finch / Silicon (14)

• Leong Cao Mạnh (11)

• Nga Cao Mạnh (11)

*Kutsuna Yukio is the version of Yukio from Deapool 2; The Stepford Cuckoos are only three years old chronologically, but aged faster, so they are 14 years old physically and mentally. Quentin Quire had just turned fourteen and lost his body, being stuck in his astral form, he couldn't age and stayed in this form for the next six years

*For the love of God, Beak and Angel didn't fucking had children. What the fuck these writers had in mind???? They're teenagers. Jeb and Melody Guthrie should be older, but they were among the victims of Infinity Gaulent.

During 2013/2014, the events of Academy X, New X-Men, and Young X-Men in 2015 took place. During this time, we had the events of M-Day, Civil War and the Stryke's attack took place.

• Jay Guthrie / Icarus; Dallas Gibson / Specter; Callie Betto / Dryad; Sofia Mantega / Wind Dancer; Phoebe, Irma and Celeste Cuckoo / The Stepford Cuckoos (16)

• Kevin Ford / Wither; Hisako Ichiki / Armor; Julian Keller / Hellion; Sooraya Qadir / Dust; David Alleyne / Prodigy; Noah Crichton / Hydro (15)

• Cecily Kincaid / Mercury; Santo Vacarro / Rockslide; Kutsuna Yukio; Brian Cruz / Tag; Sidney Green / Onyxx; Laura Kinney; Edward Tancredi / Wing; Nick Shelley / Flubber; Laurie Collins / Wallflower; Noriko Ashida / Surge; Josh Foley / Elixir; Eric Gitter / Ink; Maxwell Jordan / Quill (14)

• Alisa Tager / Cipher; Megan Gwynn / Pixie; Hong Liange; Paras Gavaskar / Indra; Sarah Vale / Network; Jessica Vale / Preview; Nezhno ABidemi / Gentle; Lazaro Kotikash / Kidogo; Alani Ryan / Loa (13)

• Andrea Margulies / Rubber Maid; Ben Hamill / Match; Mark Sheppard / DJ; Victor Borkowski / Anole; Jeffrey Garrett (12)

• Ernst; Roxy Washington / Bling!; Martha Johansson; Nick Gleason / Wolf Cub; Hope Abott / Trance; Carl Aalston / Rain Boy (11)

Like in the comics, some of these characters lost their powers and died, with a few exception surviving and leaving the role as X-Men. The few that survived and kept their powers after M-Day stayed and then later moved to Utopia/Genosha.

After this, the Xavier Institute was destroyed and the Graymalkin Lane was left empty until 2018. In 2017, with the return of Hope Summers, a new group of X-Men was formed in Utopia, the Lights, though they did not resided at the Institute.

• Hope Summers (15)

• Gabriel Cohuelo / Velocidad (16)

• Laurie Tromette / Transonic (17)

• Teon Savko / Primal (15)

• Idie Okonkwo / Oya (13)

• Kenji Uedo (19)

Hope Summers was born just a few years before the Lights, but since she was raised in the future she is 14 years old when she comes back. Later, Megan Gwynn / Pixie (16) joined the team, taking Oya's place.

After the Schim caused, the X-Men split in two. Quentin Quire had returned in a new body, but he was still 14 years old, the same age he was when he "died"

• Jean Gray School for Higher Learning (2018- )

In 2018, Wolverine went back to Westchester and rebuilt the mansion, trying to give the place the feeling of real school. The students also could only start training when they were in 9° grade and could train to be X-Men and join teams (like in Academy X) after they were in 10° grade.

He made a deal with the Shi'ar to have technology to protect the school, as long he accepted the son of Gladiator, asked to be Quentin's guardian and they had a clone of Krakoa as they grounds.

A few old students joined the school in the first year, and a few only in the second and third year. The school opened in August of 2018.

(This list of students include some of my OCs, since I'm writing a fanfic that happens in the Jean Grey School)

• Hisako Ichiki / Armor; Julian Keller / Hellion; Gabrielle and Michael Diwa / Galura and Arauto (19)

• Cecily Kincaid / Mercury; Santo Vacarro / Rockslide: Kutsuna Yukio; Ellie Phimister / NTW; Noriko Ashida / Surge; Eric Gitter / Ink (18)

• Alisa Tager / Cipher; Hong Liange; Paras Gavaskar / Indra; Nezhno ABidemi / Gentle (17)

• Cam Long / Tiger; Aura Charles / Aurora; Crosta (16)

• Ben Hamill / Match; Victor Borkowski / Anole; Iara dos Santos / Shark Girl; Roxy Washington / Bling!; Martha Johansson / Cerebela; Zane Yamaguchi / Juggernaut 2; Hope Abott / Trance; Carl Aalston / Rain Boy (15)

• Idie Okonkwo / Oya; Prince Kubark / Gladiator; Trevor Hawkins / Eye-Kid; Charge OC; Julian Creed / Menace OC (14)

• Evan Adel / Genesis; Jiang Mei, Sprite (13/14); Hunter Creed / Rescue OC (12/13); Broo

*Broo is only five months old, Evan is a clone so he aged faster than the Cuckoos, chronologically he was "born" a few months before being enrolled. The school was never moved to Manhattan like in the comics.

Later, Huang Lin / Nature Kid; Michela Ladak; Joseph and Josephine Bricklemoore / Tri-Joe and Squid Girl joined the school.

Even after the death of Wolverine in 2021 and the creation of Krakoland in 2023, the school stayed open, and the X-Men hope it stays this way for many years.

[afaimscorner]

Liste der 97 besten X-Comics-Charaktere

Rogue (Anna Marie LeBeau) (1981)

Kitty Pryde (Shadowkat) (1980)

Gambit (Remy LeBeau) (1990)

Laura Kinney (Wolverine) (2004)

Carol Danvers (Captain Marvel) (1967)

Dani Moonstar (Mirage) (1982)

Illyana Rasputin (Magik) (1975)

Magneto (Max Eisenhart) (1963)

Alex Summers (Havok) (1969)

Jean Grey (Phoenix) (1963)

Scott Summers (Cylops) (1963)

Rahne Sinclair (Wolfsbane) (1982)

Lorna Dane (Polaris) (1968)

Doug Ramsey (Cypher) (1984)

Storm (Ororo Munroe) (1975)

Nightcrawler (Kurt Wagner) (1975)

Banshee (Sean Cassidy) (1967)

 Siryn (Theresa Rourke) (1981)

Cannonball (Sam Guthrie) (1982)

Sunspot (Roberto DaCosta) (1982)

Rictor (Julio Esteban Richter) (1987)

Northstar (Jean Paul Beaubier) (1979)

Husk (Paige Guthrie) (1986)

Blink (Exiles) (Clarice Ferguson) (1994)

Multiple Man (Jamie Madrox) (1974)

Quicksilver (Pietro Maximoff) (1964)

Rachel Summers (Askani) (1981)

Mimic (Exiles) (Calvin Rankin) (2001)

Hellion (Julian Keller) (2003)

Elixir (Josh Foley) (2003)

Mercury (Cessily Kincaid) (2003)

Warren Worthington III (Archangel) (1963)

Iceman (Bobby Drake) (1963)

Logan (Wolverine, James Howlett) (1974)

Tabby (Tabitha Smith, Boom Boom) (1985)

Karma (Shi’an McCoy) (1980)

M (Monet St. Croix) (1994)

Alison Blair (Dazzler) (1980)

Strong Guy (Guido Carosella) (1985)

Juggernaut (Cain Marko) (1965)

Nocturne (T. J. Wagner) (2001)

Betsy Braddock (Captain Britain) (1976)

Brian Braddock (Captain Avalon) (1976)

Mystique (Raven Darkholm) (1978)

Maddie Pryor (Goblin Queen) (1983)

Madison Jeffries (1983)

Jay Guthrie (Icarus) (1984)

Lila Cheney (1984)

Rusty Collins (1986)

Skids (Sally Belvins) (1986)

Domino (Neena Thurman) (1992)

Nate Grey (X-Man) (1995)

Pete Wisdom (1995)

Dust (Sooraya Qadir)(2002)

Noriko Ashida (Surge) (2004)

Heather Mac Daniel Hudson (Sasquatch) (Exiles) (2002)

Quentin Quire (Kid Omega) (2003)

Laurie Collins (Wallflower) (2003)

Santo Vaccarro (Rockslide) (2003)

Pixie (Meggan Gwyn) (2004)

Amor (Hisako Ichiki) (2004)

Layla Miller (2006)

Gabby Kinney (Scout) ((2015)

Hope Summers (2007)

Magma (Amara Aquilla) (1983)

Warlock (1984)

Mindee Cuckoo (2001)

Longshot (1985)

Chamber (Jonathan Starsmore) (1994)

Destiny (Irene Adler) (1981)

Empath (Manuel Alfonzo Rodrigo de la Rocha)(1984)

Emma Frost (White Queen) (1980)

Cecilia Reyes (1997)

Callisto (1983)

Caliban (1981)

Scarlet Witch (Wanda Maximoff) (1964)

Snowbird (Naya Eason) (1979)

Oya (Idie Okonkwo) 2010)

Vulcan (Gabriel Summer) (2006)

Eva Bell (2012)

Goldballs (Fabio Medina, Egg) (2013)

Christopher Summers (Corsair) (1977)

Hepzibah (1977)

Moira MacTaggert (1975)

Mac (James Hudson, Guardian) (1978)

Heather McDonalds (Nemesis) (1980)

Aurora (Jeanne Marie Beaubier) (1979)

Daken (Akihiro, Fang) (2006)

Eyeboy (Trevor Hawkins) (2012)

Phoebe Cuckoo (2001)

Celeste Cuckoo (2001)

Trance (Hope Abbot) (2005)

Deadpool (Wade Wilson) (1991)

Gabriel Cohuelo (Velocidad) (2010)

Blindfold (Ruth Aldine) (2005)

Sabretooth (AoA) (Viktor Creed) (1994)

Jubilee (Jubilation Lee) (1989)

[avnj0gia]

[the-girl-who-didnt-smile]

CRACKPOT THEORY: PAPA LIBA WAS BOTH PORTIER DIVIN AND MAITRE DES CARREFOURS

Maitre Carrefour might not have split off from Papa Legba until the mid 19th century or later, which would explain the absence of Maitre Carrefour in the historical record of New Orleans.

This is a reissue of an article that was originally titled “CRACKPOT THEORY: PAPA LEBAT WAS BOTH ATIBON LEGBA AND MAITRE CARREFOUR”. The original thesis made little sense; in order to be true, ‘Maitre Carrefour’ would have had to have split off from ‘Papa Legba’, then merged back with him to create Papa Liba (“Papa Lébat” / “Papa La Bas”). It is more reasonable to argue that Papa Liba was both ‘portier divin’ and ‘maitre des carrefours’, either because he predates the existence of Maitre Carrefour or because Maitre Carrefour was never transmitted to New Orleans. If true, Papa Liba captures an earlier state of Papa Legba that is closer to Legba of West African Vodun. Additionally, I claimed that the Petro rite is named after the maroon leader Don Pedro, which is probably not historically accurate. This would imply that the history of the Petro rite is brief, shortly predating Bwa Kayiman by a mere two decades. Such a notion makes little sense and requires a revision. Finally, I have decided to change my preferred nomenclature: Papa Lébat → Papa Liba.

The Rada and Petwo rites feature prominently in Haitian Vodou. They are often positioned as counterparts, with Andre Pierre describing Rada as “civilian” and Petwo as “military”[1]. This rivalry may reflect the two dominant ethnic groups of the late 18th century: the ‘Creoles’ and the ‘Congos’[2]. ‘Creoles’ describes an older generation of slaves, who had been born on the Island and descend from the Arada (Aja-Fon). ‘Congos’ describes a younger generation of slaves from western Central Africa[3]. From these two groups come the founders of the Rada and Petwo rites respectively.

Most of the 21 rites of the Sèvis Ginen are named after African tribes. The Rada rite derives its name from Arada, a West African tribe that was a major source for slaves sent to Haiti[4]. However, the Petwo rite deviates from this trend. Previously, I claimed that the Petwo rite derives its name from the maroon leader Don Pedro (Jean Petro, Dan Petwo, Dan Petro), but such claim is dubious. Don Pedro appears to have assumed the name of the warrior king Pedro III, as the maroon leader was of Kongo descent[5]. To be historically accurate, the Petwo rite does not derive its name from the maroon leader, but the veneration of King Pedro III. 

The Petwo rite is a product of Haitian syncretism that merges elements of Kongo origin with those indigenous to Haiti[6]. Within the Petwo pantheon are the Simbi lwa, which are Kongo in origin. Alongside them are Maitre Carrefour and Erzulie Dantor, who are not derived from the Kongo, but serve as Petwo counterparts to the Rada lwa Atibon Legba and Erzulie Freda. 

Previously, I described historical documents pertaining to the colonial precursors of the Rada and Petwo rites. There is historical evidence that Marie Laveau incorporated elements of this Rada prototype into her sect of Voudou.

Several deities in the pantheon of New Orleans Voodoo have counterparts in the Rada rite (Rite Arada), as described by Milo Marcelin[7]: 

Papa Liba (Laba) → Atibon Legba

Monsieur D’Embarras* → Damballah Oueddo

Miché Agoussou (Yon Sue) → Agassou Gnenin

Simbé → Papa Simbi

*Some theorize that Monsieur Danny (Daniel Blanc) might be derived from Damballah Oueddo; however, Daniel Blanc might be derived from a different divine serpent, as he was identified with Saint Michael instead of Saint Patrick.

“Grand Zombi” might be derived from Jan Zonbi or Captain Zombi. “Assonquer” might be derived from Ossangne (Osany). “Joe Feraille” might be derived from Ogou Feraille. “Charlo” might be derived from Chal Ogou (Charles Ogou)**.

**Rather than Chal Ogou, “Charlo” might be derived from Ti Chal La Kwa (Ti-Charles la Croix). Ti Chal La Kwa is not listed in Milo Marcelin’s or Milo Rigaud’s lists of lwa, let alone the Rada rite. Instead, he belongs to the Gede rite[26].

Marie Laveau would sing a song for St. Peter, who was identified with Papa Liba (“Laba”)[8]: 

“Marie Laveau…even taught her a Voodoo song. It went like this:

St. Peter, St. Peter, open the door,

I’m callin’ you, come to me!

St. Peter, St. Peter, open the door …

“That’s all I can remember. Marie Laveau used to call St. Peter somethin’ like ‘Laba.’ She called St. Michael ‘Daniel Blanc,’ and St. Anthony ‘Yon Sue.’”

The description matches a Haitian song sung for Atibon Legba[9], who was also identified with St. Peter[10].

What is less clear is whether the Petwo prototype was also incorporated. 

Marie Laveau had altars set up for “good work” and “bad work”, described like so[11][12]:

Raoul enjoyed describing the home of the Laveaus. According to him there was an altar for “good luck and good work” in the front room. It was covered with a white cloth and held a statue of the Virgin and one of Saint Peter. Raoul recalled one of another saint, a Saint Marron, who, he explained, “was a colored saint white people don’t know nothing about. Even the priests ain’t never heard of him ’cause he’s a real hoodoo saint.”

But this altar in the front room was secondary to another at the back of the house, Raoul believed. “In the back,” he said, “was the altar for bad work. On it was statues of a bear, a tiger, a lion and a wolf. Right in the middle was a big carved box with a snake inside it. That box and snake had been sent to Marie Laveau from Africa and that snake was the devil. I know that’s true, ‘cause I seen it myself, me.”

If it is not a fabrication by Tallant, the inclusion of the snake is similar to descriptions of precolonial Haitian Vodou. 

Still, I have struggled to find definitive evidence that the Petwo or Gede prototypes (i.e., “Don Pedro sect” & “cult of the dead”) were transmitted to New Orleans. Interestingly, the name Don Pedro appears in the historical record of New Orleans, assumed by a self-described “King of Voudou”[13][14]. It is unclear whether this “Pedro, Prince of Darkness” had any relation to the Petwo rite , or not.

Was the Don Pedro sect strong enough to take root in New Orleans?

If so, how and which elements were incorporated?

To what extent did the Don Pedro sect resemble the modern Petwo rite? 

These are all questions I do not have answers to. 

The following is purely speculation, but I hypothesize that Papa Liba of New Orleans Voodoo was both portier divin and maitre des carrefours. 

This is because I do not think the split between Papa Legba and Maitre Carrefour was codified until the mid 19th century or later; that is, after the Haitian Revolution and subsequent migration wave to New Orleans. 

The Haitian lwa Papa Legba is derived from Fon Legba; Fon Legba is himself derived from the Yoruba orisa Esu[15]. 

The distinction between “crossroads” and “gateways” is an illusion, as the Yoruba word orita can refer to both types of intermediary space[16]. As gods of the orita, Esu and Legba are associated with both entrances and crossroads. 

Descriptions of Papa Legba as guardian of the crossroads appear in texts from the early 20th century.

From Milo Marcelin[17]:

“Papa Legba ou Atibon-Legba est le dieu des portes, le maître des carrefours et des croisées de chemins et le protecteur des maisons. En vertu de ces différentes fonctions, il est invoqué sous les noms de « Legba-nan- bayè » (Legba des barrières), de « Legba-calfou » (Legba des carrefours) ou « Grand chemin », de « Legba Mait' bitation » ou « Legba Maiť habitation ». En tant que dieu qui sait toutes choses, il porte l'épithète d'Avadra...”

“...Pour invoquer Legba, l'officiant se sert d'une pierre qu'il place sur l'autel. Ensuite il trace un dessin symbolique (vèvè) sur le sol et récite la prière suivante :

Par pouvoir saint Antoine, au nom de M. Avadra Boroy, de Legba-Atibon, le maître des carrefours et des grands chemins, de Legba-Kataroulo, de vaillant Legba, de Legba-Sé, de Alegba-Si, de Legba-Bois, de Legba-Zinchent, de Legba- Caye, de Legba-Misé-ba, de Legba-Clairondé, de Legba-Signangnon, des sept Legba-Kataroulo, vieux, vieux, vieux Legba. Ago, Agoé, Angola.”

TRANSLATION

“Papa Legba or Atibon-Legba is the god of doors, the master of crossroads and the protector of houses. By virtue of these different functions, he is invoke under the names of “Legba-nan- bayè” (Legba of the Barriers), “Legba-calfou” (Legba of the Crossroads) or “Grand chemin”, “Legba Mait’ bitation” or “Legba Mait’ habitation”. As the god who knows all things, he bears the epithet of “Avadra”...”

“...To invoke Legba, the officiant uses a stone that he places on the altar. Then he traces a symbolic drawing (vèvè) on the ground and recites the following prayer: 

By the power of Saint Anthony, in the name of Mr. Avadra Boroy, of Legba-Atibon, the master of the crossroads and great paths, of Legba-Kataroulo, of valiant Legba, of Legba-Sé, of Alegba-Si, of Legba-Bois, of Legba-Zinchent, of Legba-Caye, of Legba-Misé-ba, of Legba-Clairondé, of Legba-Signangnon, of the seven Legba-Kataroulo, old, old, old Legba. Ago, Agoé, Angola.”

From Milo Rigaud[18]:

LEGBA. Papa Legba. Le mystère-Principe identifié au soleil et l'Est cosmique. S'identifie aussi au poteau rituel. Legba est le gardien des portes de I'astral; c'est lui qui garde < la barrière > ; aussi est-il Maître Grand-Chemin comme gardien des passages, attribution qui lui vaut d'etre, en meme temps, Maître-Carrefour ou le mystère de tous les croisements de route. Le syncrétisme religieux l'assimile au calvaire. Dans le panthéon voudoo, il est placé entre ses deux femmes: T-Sih-Lah We-Do et Ai-Da We-Do. Legba est le Christ voudoo ; il est placé au centre de toutes les races, ce qui signifie qu'il est < mulâtre >. Sa couleur est le blanc, tandis que Aida Wedo porte un drapeau d'azur, et Tsihlah un drapeau rouge. Synthèse des points cardinaux.

TRANSLATION: 

LEGBA: Papa Legba. The Principle mystère identified with the Sun and the cosmic East. He is also identified with the ritual poteau. Legba is the guardian of the astral doors; it is he who guards “the gates”; he is also Maître Grand-Chemin as guardian of passages, an attribution which makes him at the same time, Maître-Carrefour or the mystère of all intersections of paths. The religious syncretism assimilates him with Cavalry. In the Vodou pantheon, he is placed between his two wives: T-Sih-Lah We-Do and Ai-Da We-Do. Legba is the Vodou Christ; he is placed at the center of all races, which means that he is a “mulatto”. His color is white, while Aida Wedo carries a blue flag, and Tsihlah a red flag. Synthesis of the cardinal points.

From Alfred Metraux[19]:

“Master of the mystic ‘barrier’ which divides men from spirits, Legba is also the guardian of the gates and of the fences which surround houses and, by extension, he is the protector of the home. In this latter rôle he is invoked under the name of Maît’-bitasyon (Master of the habitation). He is also the god of roads and paths. As ‘Master of the Crossroads’ he is the god of every parting of the way – a favourite haunt of evil spirits and propitious to magic devices; and it is at crossroads that he receives the homage of sorcerers and presides over their incantations and spells. Many magic formulae begin with the words ‘By thy power, Master of Crossroads.’” (p.124)

“Arriving at a crossroads we halted so that we could pay homage to the patron spirit of crossroads–Legba. The god’s emblem was quickly traced out in flour in the middle of a clearing, a small fire was lit and into it each in turn made libations and offerings. The hunsi sang hymns to Legba, and the standard-bearers, having done the rounds of the fire, kissed the earth. Legba chose this moment to possess a girl who was still almost a child…” (p. 314)

“The religious ceremonies called manger-morts include offerings to the dead of food cooked without salt and prepared entirely by men…After prayers and appeals addressed to the ancestors and the unknown dead who have died by steel, fire or water, the père-savane or head of the family knocks three times on the door and goes in. He brings out a calabash full of various foodstuffs which he distributes among the children of the household…Another calabash is placed at a crossroads for Legba…” (p. 362)

“The grand-master of charms and sorceries is Legba-petro, invoked under the name of Maître-Carrefour, or simply Carrefour. Indeed, crossroads are favourite sites for the ‘works’ of magicians, handfuls of earth taken from them are an ingredient of many beneficent or harmful spells…” (p. 366)

“In Fon mythology Legba, as interpreter to the gods, fulfills a function of primordial importance in the whole system of religion. He alone can deliver messages of the gods in human language and interpret their will. He is also the god of destiny, he who presides over divination with palm-nuts or shells. As intermediary between human beings and the divine pantheon and receives the first offerings. He is also a phallic god, represented in front of every house by a little mound of earth out of which sprouts a phallus made of iron or wood. Out of this most potent of gods the Voodooists have made an impotent old man who walks on crutches. Recalling vaguely his rôle as divine messenger they have made a sort of doorman out of him, the supernatural guardian of the ‘barriers’ who must be invoked first of all loa. He has also remained the guardian of houses and to an even greater extent of roads, paths and crossroads. Since any intersection of ways is a hot-spot for magic, Legba-carrefour has become and important magician and presides over the ceremonies of sorcerers. Legba has lost much of his majesty but in exchange he has acquired new functions...” (pp. 488-489)

From Maya Deren[20]:

"Legba, Sun-Lord of the Cross-roads, of the meeting point of opposites, is twinned by his own opposite. Across from him, on the same gate, sits the Petro Maît' Carrefour (also called Kalfu) and he too commands the traffic through it.”

Leslie Desmangles and Michel S. Laguerre also described Papa Legba as lwa / guardian of the crossroads[21][22]. Karen McCarthy Brown off-handedly described Papa Legba as “guardian of crossroads” in her description of Mama Lola, as did Zora Neale Hurston; however, Brown’s mention is brief and does not come directly from Mama Lola’s testimony, while Hurston’s description contains errors[23][24].

For these reasons, Ava Kay Jones and Denise Alvarado may be correct in describing Papa Lébat as both gatekeeper and guardian of the crossroads. 

This is merely speculation that could prove to be false… An early record of Maitre Carrefour could disprove this hypothesis.

What is the earliest historical record of Maitre Carrefour? 

Another question I don’t have the answer to.

Still, consider the following:

The lwa Papa Legba is derived from Fon Legba. There is no Fon Maitre Carrefour; Legba presides over “gates” and “crossroads”[25]. 

The split between Atibon Legba and Maitre Carrefour is a product of the rite / fanmi classification system, which was formalized by the Sèvis Ginen. Ati Max Beauvoir classified 401 lwas by ‘rite’ ‘famille’ and ‘nom’ in Lapriyè Ginen, where Legba and Kafou are described as separate ‘famille’; most of the Legba belong to the RADA rite, while most of the Kafou belong to the PETRO FRAN rite[26]. 

The Sèvis Ginen was not codified until many years after the Haitian Revolution. As such, this enormous pantheon of lwa does not exist in New Orleans (more broadly, America) as there is no counterpart to the rite / fanmi classification system. Without this classification system, how could Papa Liba be split into Atibon Legba and Maitre Carrefour?

This is another reason I don’t think there is an American Maitre Carrefour - only Papa Legba (Papa Liba).

This is merely my opinion, and I could be wrong.

COUNTERPOINT: 

Consider the possibility that the Don Pedro sect (precursor to Petwo rite) was transmitted to New Orleans.

Hoodoo has been likened to the Petwo rite - not the Rada rite - of Haitian Vodou[27]. For this reason, it is possible that elements of the Petwo rite were merged into Hoodoo.

Petwo lwa such as Maitre Carrefour have been described as “evil” or “more evil” than the Rada lwa, but this is false. In part, the Petwo rite has earned this reputation because of the threat it posed to the institution of slavery, with Don Pedro (Jean Petro) being a famous maroon leader[28]. Lwa within the Petwo rite can grant someone immediate access to power without regard for systems of morality[29]. Naturally, such immediate access to power would be dangerous and easily abused, but it can also be used for just causes, such as the liberation of slaves.

If Maitre Carrefour had already split off from Papa Legba, maybe he was incorporated into the Hoodoo community, as (one of) the Spirit(s) at the Crossroads.

This, too, is just a theory.

NOTES

1. Interview with Ralph Isham, spring 1976, quoted in: Thompson, Robert Farris. Flash of the Spirit: African and Afro-American Art and Philosophy. United States, Vintage Books, 1984. p.165

2. From: de Heusch, Luc. “Kongo in Haiti: A New Approach to Religious Syncretism.” Man, vol. 24, no. 2, 1989, pp. 290–303. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2803307. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.

“According to the books of an indigo plantation factory from 1777, the 'Congos' are, after Creoles, the largest ethnic group (Debien 1961: 369).”

3. From: Hebblethwaite, Benjamin. A Transatlantic History of Haitian Vodou: Rasin Figuier, Rasin Bwa Kayiman, and the Rada and Gede Rites. United States, University Press of Mississippi, 2021.

“The founders of the Rada Rite were among the earlier enslaved people taken to Saint-Domingue (circa 1680-1730). Western Central African people arrived in the colony as captives after the 1720s.”

4. For a comprehensive history of the Rada rite, see: Hebblethwaite, Benjamin. A Transatlantic History of Haitian Vodou: Rasin Figuier, Rasin Bwa Kayiman, and the Rada and Gede Rites. United States, University Press of Mississippi, 2021.

5. See: Archives Nationales d’Outre-Mer, Aix-en-Provence, E 182, Ferrand de Beaudière to the Naval and Colonial Minister, translated in “Prophet or Cook? The Real Don Pedro” in Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a documentary history. Hackett Publishing, 2014. https://archiveofourown.org/works/54861145/chapters/139063189

And: de Heusch, Luc. “Kongo in Haiti: A New Approach to Religious Syncretism.” Man, vol. 24, no. 2, 1989, pp. 290–303. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2803307. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.

6. For a complete discussion of this topic, see: de Heusch, Luc. “Kongo in Haiti: A New Approach to Religious Syncretism.” Man, vol. 24, no. 2, 1989, pp. 290–303. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2803307. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.

And: Janzen, John M. Lemba, 1650-1930: a drum of affliction in Africa and the New World. Garland Publishing, Inc., 1982.

7. The New Orleans Voodoo pantheon, as described in: “Table 1. The Deities of Voodoo” in: Anderson, Jeffrey E. Voodoo: An African American Religion. LSU Press, 2024. p. 82

Lwa from the Rada rite, as described in: Marcelin, Milo. 1950. Mythologie Vodou (Rite Arada), vols. 1-2. (Pétionville: Éditions Canapé Vert)

“Papa Lébat”, “Monsieur Danny”, “Miché Agoussou”, “Assonquer”, and “Monsieur D'Embarras” are mentioned in: Cable, George W. The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life. United States, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1887. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Grandissimes_A_Story_of_Creole_Life/xuYhgJXZIkUC?hl=en&gbpv=0

8. Federal Writer’s Project interview with a woman named Mary Washington (“Mary Ellis”), Age 75, born 1863, as quoted in: Tallant, Robert. Voodoo in New Orleans. 1946. Reprint, Gretna, La.: United Kingdom, Pelican Publishing Company, 1983.

9. From: Marcelin, Milo. 1950. Mythologie Vodou (Rite Arada), vol. 1. (Pétionville: Éditions Canapé Vert) p. 15

Atibon Lèba, l’ouvri bayè pou moin ago-é! Papa Lèba, l'ouvri bayè pou moin, Pou moin passé, Lô m'a tounin m'a salué loa-yo! Vodou Lèba, l'ouvri bayè pou moin, Pou moin ca rentré, Lô m'a tounin m'a remercié loa-yo Abobo!

Atibon Legba, ouvre-moi la barrière, ago-é! (exaucez-nous) — Papa Legba, ouvre-moi la barrière — Pour que je puisse passer, — Lorsque je retournerai, je saluerai les loas — Vodou Legba, ouvre-moi la barrière, — Pour que je puisse entrer — Lorsque je retournerai, je remercierai les loas — Abobo! (Amen).

10. From: Marcelin, Milo. 1950. Mythologie Vodou (Rite Arada), vol. 1. (Pétionville: Éditions Canapé Vert) p. 16

“Toutefois, certaines personnes pensent que Legba doit ètre également identifié à St. Pierre, car, disent-elles, s'il est le gardien de toutes les entrées, il l'est aussi de la porte du Ciel.”

11. Federal Writer’s Project interview with a man named Charles (“Raoul Desfrene”), Age 72, born ca. 1868, described as “a “French Negro” of 77” in: Tallant, Robert. Voodoo in New Orleans. 1946. Reprint, Gretna, La.: United Kingdom, Pelican Publishing Company, 1983.

12. A different description of Marie Laveau’s “bad work” altar can be found in: Long, Carolyn Morrow. A New Orleans Voudou Priestess: The Legend and Reality of Marie Laveau. United States, University Press of Florida, 2007.

According to the LWP informants, Marie Laveau also practiced less beneficent magic. Charles Raphael told interviewers that in the back room of her house, Marie “had an altar for bad work…[where] she prepared charms to kill, to drive away, to break up love affairs, and to spread confusion. It was surmounted by statues of a bear, a lion, a tiger, and a wolf.” A similar description was given by Raymond Rivaros, born in 1873: “Her altar was in the last room of the house on St. Ann Street. I’m positive she had no saints on that altar. It took the width of the room, and had large plaster statues of a bear, a lion, and a tiger, paper flowers, and candles.” 38

13. From: Castellanos, Henry C.. New Orleans as it was: Episodes of Louisiana Life. United States, L. Graham Company, 1905. P. 99. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_Orleans_as_it_was/gNA-AAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0

”The prince of the occult science , styling himself Don Pedro is now the recognized head of the sect, and his adepts, I am told , are legion. The police have, however, nearly broken up his business, having compelled him to go in hiding . He is heard of sometimes through the medium of the press, as he advertises occasionally as a healing medium . As long as charlatans are not put down by the strong arm of the law, there will ever be a host of believers.”

14. The moniker Pedro, Prince of Darkness (called Don Pedro by Castellanos) appears in several newspaper articles from the 1890s, including The Daily Picayune and The Galveston Daily News. For more information about “Pedro, Prince of Darkness”, see: Long, Carolyn Morrow. A New Orleans Voudou Priestess: The Legend and Reality of Marie Laveau. United States, University Press of Florida, 2007.

15. Cosentino, Donald. “Who Is That Fellow in the Many-Colored Cap? Transformations of Eshu in Old and New World Mythologies.” The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 100, no. 397, 1987, pp. 261–75. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/540323. Accessed 10 Sept. 2024.

16. Aiyejina, Funso. "Esu Elegbara: A Source of an Alter/Native Theory of African Literature and Criticism." text of a lecture from his work in progress on ‘Decolonising Myth: From Esu to Bachaanal Aesthetics (2010). https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=25a632183b18b3d34abea946fb0fab4e0f6a864f

17. MARCELIN, Émile, and A. Métraux. “LES GRANDS DIEUX DU VODOU HAIÏTIEN.” Journal de La Société Des Américanistes, vol. 36, 1947, pp. 51–135. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24601899. Accessed 18 Sept. 2024. https://www.persee.fr/doc/jsa_0037-9174_1947_num_36_1_2357 

Also found in Mythologie Vodou (Rite Arada) Vol. 1

18. Rigaud, Milo. La tradition voudoo et le voudoo haïtien: son temple, ses mystères, sa magie. FeniXX, 1953. P. 424. https://lib-ufdcweb3.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00002240/00001/428x

19. Métraux, Alfred. Voodoo in Haiti. N.p., Normanby Press, 2016. Originally published in 1959.

20. Deren, Maya. Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti. United States, McPherson, 1983. https://archive.org/details/divinehorsemenli00dere/page/100/mode/2up

21. From: Desmangles, Leslie G.. The Faces of the Gods: Vodou and Roman Catholicism in Haiti. New Caledonia, University of North Carolina Press, 2000. pp.109-110 https://archive.org/details/facesofgodsv00desm/page/108/mode/2up

"Vodouisants say that Legba has two personae, each corresponding to one of the aspects of his total personality. Rada's Legba is the sun, the regenerative force, the lwa of the crossroads, the mediating principle between opposites. His reflection, known as Mèt Kafou Legba (Master Legba of Intersections), is his inverted image in the Petro nanchon…”

22. From: Laguerre, Michel S. Voodoo and politics in Haiti. Springer, 2016. Originally published in 1989. p.77

“After they have sung this song, Legba, a Voodoo spirit - the guardian of gates and crossroads - is invoked. He is called to open the gates so that the people can leave the temple, and he is supposed to protect them as they walk through the streets at night…”

23. Brief mention in: Brown, Karen McCarthy. Mama Lola: A Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn. United States, University of California Press, 2001. Originally published in 1991. p. 54

“...first to be greeted is always Legba, guardian of crossroads and doorways…”

24. From: Hurston, Zora Neale. Tell my horse. United Kingdom, HarperCollins, 2008. Originally published in 1938:

“Legba Attibon is the god of the gate. He rules the gate of the hounfort, the entrance to the cemetery and he is also Baron Carrefour, Lord of the crossroads.”

25. From: Montgomery, Eric, and Vannier, Christian. An Ethnography of a Vodu Shrine in Southern Togo: Of Spirit, Slave and Sea. Netherlands, Brill, 2017. p. 197

“The assistants knelt in front of a large white basin around which a circle of chalk was inscribed in the sand for Legba, Yewevodu god of crossroads, keeper of gates, and guardian of ritual knowledge.”

26. Beauvoir, Max. Lapriyè Ginen. Haiti, Edisyon Près Nasyonal d'Ayiti, 2008. pp. 187-196 https://archive.org/details/beauvoir-max-g.-lapriye-ginen-2008/page/n97/mode/2up 

27. From: Lane, Megan. Hoodoo heritage: A brief history of american folk religion. Diss. University of Georgia, 2008.  https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/lane_megan_e_200805_ma.pdf

“The Petwo side of Vodou is one largely of action; it can be said that it is the Petwo incarnation of Vodou that is recognizable in American Hoodoo Conjure.”

28. From: Deren, Maya. Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti. United States, McPherson, 1983. pp. 61-62 https://archive.org/details/divinehorsemenli00dere/page/60/mode/2up? 

"If the Rada loa represent the protective, guardian powers, the Petro loa are the patrons of aggressive action….For example, whereas Erzulie, the Rada Goddess of Love, who is the epitome of the feminine principle, is concerned with love, beauty, flowers, jewelry, femininities and coquetries, liking to dance and to be dressed in fine clothes, weeping in a most feminine fashion for not being loved enough, the figure of Erzulie Ge/Rouge, on the Petro side, is awesome in her poignancy. When she possesses a person, her entire body contracts into the terrible paralysis of frustration; every muscle is tense, the knees are drawn up, the fists are clenched so tightly that the fingernails draw blood from the palms. The neck is rigid and the tears stream from the tightly shut eyes, while through the locked jaw and the grinding teeth there issues a sound that is half groan, half scream, the inarticulate song of in/turned cosmic rage.

Petro was born out of this rage. It is not evil; it is the rage against the evil fate which the African suffered, the brutality of his displacement and his enslavement. It is the violence that rose out of that rage, to protest against it. It is the crack of the slave/whip sounding constantly, a never-to-be-forgotten ghost, in the Petro rites. It is the raging revolt of the slaves against the Napoleonic forces. And it is the delirium of their triumph. For it was the Petro cult, born in the hills, nurtured in secret, which gave both the moral force and the actual organization to the escaped slaves who plotted and trained, swooped down upon the plantations and led the rest of the slaves in the revolt that, by 1804, had made of Haiti the second free colony in the western hemisphere, following the United States. Even today the songs of revolt, of "Vive la liberte", occur in Petro ritual as a dominant theme.”

29. From: Deren, Maya. Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti. United States, McPherson, 1983. https://archive.org/details/divinehorsemenli00dere/page/100/mode/2up

“Thus, as the cosmic year of the race wanes, and Legba, the sun, droops toward the cosmic horizon which divides the upper regions from the underworld, so even in the daily, immediate round of day and night it is Carrefour, the moon, who has the greater immediate power.” (p. 101)

[boysappetit]

La Croix

[thirst-for-boys]

Daniel Croix via his IG story.

[phoenixlionme]

Marvel Black Superheroes Part 2

Part 1 is here.

31. Johnny Watts aka Fuse

32. David Alleyne aka Prodigy 

33. Luke Cage

34. Misty Knight

35. Roxy Washington aka Bling

36. Nezhno Abidemi aka Gentle

37. Monet St. Croix aka Penance

38. Tempo - real name unknown

39. Jeannine Sauvage aka Guillotine - biracial; Afro-Arabian

40. Danielle Cage aka Captain America - biracial; half white

41. Jericho Drumm aka Brother Voodoo

42. M'Baku

43. Carmen Cruz aka Gimmick - biracial; Afro-Latina

44. Lunella Lafayette aka Moon Girl

45. Adam Brashear aka Blue Marvel

46. Sera

47. Laura Kinney aka Wolverine - biracial; Afro-Latina and half white

48. Thunderstorm, the daughter of Thor and Storm - biracial; half white

49. Ramonda

50. Gabe Jones - member of the Howling Commandos and Peggy’s second love after Steve (in the earlier comics)

51.  Angel Salvadore aka Tempest - biracial; Afro-Latina