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lavieestbellebelle · 4 years

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Social Media Conflict & Trolling (week 11)

Digital communities have facilitated a plethora of incredible activism and social movements and opportunities, including connecting with likeminded people, innovative forms of media entertainment and exciting career prospects as bloggers, YouTubers and influencers. However, like anything, there’s also a negative side to social media and digital communities, which will be explored in this week’s blog post. Social media conflict is a broad umbrella term covering trolling, cyber-bullying, cancel culture; hate speech and other forms of online harassment. For context, online abuse, harassment and cyber trolling costs Australia approximately $3.7 billion annually in terms of medical bills and loss of income (Burnside & Roy 2019).

Social media conflict can be directly linked to digital communities, because trolling and other forms of online harassment are typically “networked, coordinated and organised acts” (Marwick & Caplan 2018, p. 543). Similarly, media and communication experts, Alice E. Marwick and Robyn Caplan contend that finding an overarching and all-inclusive definition of harassment is “difficult, since it is a constellation of ever-evolving behaviours” (Marwick & Caplan 2018, p. 545). Continuing on, Marwick and Caplan contend that while popular discourse often frames online harassment as “an issue of individual people engaged in abhorrent behaviour”, in reality, cyber-bullying typically involves “systemic networked harassment behaviour [in groups] against their targets” (Marwick & Caplan 2018, p. 544). Therefore, because cyber-bullying efforts are often achieved through online groups, they are often referred to as ‘cyber-mobs’ who create a hostile environment for users and essentially turn the Internet into a battlefield.

Gaslighting is another form of online harassment that has received much media coverage in recent years. Although the terminology may be new, social studies researcher, Jessamy Gleeson, contends that it is used to describe a “relatively old set of behaviours” (Gleeson 2018). Gaslighting covers a range of inappropriate behaviours, however the central practice is “the psychological manipulation of a person in order to erode their sense of self and sanity”(Gleeson 2018). Some common strategies include denial of the gaslightee’s experience, escalation, trivialization and countering. Unfortunately, gaslighting has also been used to dismiss a number of #MeToo confessions of victims of abuse and domestic violence cases. However, on a more societal scale, gaslighting has been used to reframe a common (and toxic) set of female stereotypes, including the “crazy ex-girlfriend” and the “hysterical woman”, challenging the motivations of the accuser instead of fueling the idea that women are crazy (Gleeson 2018).

Anita Sarkeesian is a feminist media critic and showcases the serious implications of online harassment in her TEDxWomen talk. Sarkeesian outlines the severe online misogyny she has experienced first-hand within the video game community and the online harassment she has received due to her field of work. When Sarkeesian founded the ‘Feminist Frequency’, a video web-series exploring the representations of women in pop-culture narratives, she was immediately met with an overwhelmingly negative response from the male-dominated online gaming community. Sarkeesian was publicly humiliated and subjected to abhorrent hate speech, including rape and death threats, a bomb scare and a violent video game, which allowed players to punch an image of her face (Erica Webber 2017). Therefore, Anita Sarrkeensian’s experiences with online harassment epitomize the notion that women, in particular women of colour and queer women, “are more susceptible to online harassment, to the point where [some] young women may see it as a normal part of online experience” (Lenhart et al. 2016).

The legal implications and consequences of online harassment are murky waters, with divided opinions regarding the most appropriate and effective methods for curving online harassment (Milne 2020, lecture slide 15). At present, there is no single piece of legislation against bullying in Australia. However, the sex discrimination act 1984 and criminal code act 1995 are acts offering protection to Australians in the online sphere. Another way of attempting to reduce social media conflict is to go directly to the source – the social media platforms themselves – and urge them to enforce stricter moderating protocols and algorithms to eradicate inappropriate behaviour online. The urge for tighter regulation of the digital sphere is further emphasised by assistant professor of communication and journalism, Glen Fuller. Fuller contends that the reason for insisting on distinctions between individual online social situations is because “each technology and technological change requires due consideration and a measured policy response” (Fuller 2014). Anita Sarkeesian argues that social media platforms need to be the agents of change in order to eliminate online harassment. Sarkeesian believes that their current attempts to regulate cyber-hate are “like Band-Aids on a fundamentally flawed structure” (Erica Webber 2017). Continuing on, advocacy and advice are alternative options to legal remedies, which the eSafety Commissioner is responsible for in Australia. Lastly, on a lighter note, some people have turned to humour to raise awareness about online harassment, including the well-known comedians Hannah Gadsby and Amy Schumer.

Therefore, it is evident that there is an urgent need for well-researched and effective new media legislation regarding online harassment, trolling and cyber-bullying, not simply in Australia, but on a global scale. Furthermore, associate professor of media and communication, Dr Anthony McCosker, contends that the central question for ensuring cyber safety through digital citizenship is “how to account for and promote critical and creative literacies while accounting for conflict, harassment and the wellbeing interests of young people.” Therefore, this week’s topic has highlighted that whilst there are many positive and empowering aspects of digital citizenship and digital communities, there is also a darker side to the Internet and social media, which should not be dismissed, and can unfortunately have a serious, harmful and sometimes irreversible impact on members of society.

Image Source: ‘unknown’ via Pinterest

References

Burnside, N & Roy, T 2019, ‘Online abuse, harassment, cyber trolling costing Australians $3.7 billion’, ABC News, 28 January, viewed 28 May 2020, <https:// www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-28/online-abuse-harassment-costing-australians-3.7-billion/10754196>.

Erica Webber, J 2017, ‘Anita Sarkeesian: ‘It’s frustrating to be known as the woman who survived #Gamergate’’, The Guardian, 17 October, viewed 28 May 2020, <https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/oct/16/anita-sarkeesian-its-frustrating-to-be-known-as-the-woman-who-survived-gamergate>.

Fuller, G 2014, ‘Cyber-safety’: what are we actually talking about?’, The Conversation, 27 February, viewed 29 May 2020, <https://theconversation.com/cyber-safety-what-are-we-actually-talking-about-23505>.

Gleeson, J 2018, ‘Explainer: what does ‘gaslighting’ mean?’, The Conversation, 6 December, viewed 28 May 2020, <https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-does-gaslighting-mean-107888>.

Hopkins, S & Ostini, J 2015, ‘Online harassment is a form of violence’, The Conversation, 8 April, viewed 29 May 2020, <https://theconversation.com/online-harassment-is-a-form-of-violence-38846>.

Lenhart, A, Ybarra, M, Zickuhr, K & Price-Feeney, M 2016, ‘Online Harassment, Digital Abuse, and Cyberstalking in America’, Data & Society Research Institute, 21 November, viewed 30 May 2020, <https://www.datasociety.net/pubs/oh/Online_Harassment_ 2016.pdf>.

Marwick, A E. & Caplan, R 2018, 'Drinking male tears: language, the manosphere, and networked harassment', Feminist Media Studies, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 543-559.

McCosker, A 2016, ‘Managing digital citizenship: cyber safety as three layers of control’, in McCosker, A, Vivienne, S & Johns, A (eds), Negotiating Digital Citizenship, Rowman & Littlefield International, Maryland, pp. 1-15.

Milne, E 2020, ‘Lecture 11. Digital communities and trolls – understanding social media conflict’, MDA20009 Digital communities, Learning materials via Canvas, Swinburne University of Technology, 27 May, viewed 27 May 2020.

TEDx Talks 2012, Anita Sarkeesian at TEDxWomen 2012, 5 December, viewed 28 May 2020, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZAxwsg9J9Q>.

#mda20009 #digitalcommunities #digitalcitizenship #onlineharassment #onlinetrolling #online femininism #social media conflict

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emsowndigitalcommunity · 2 years

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WEEK 7: DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP AND CONFLICT: SOCIAL MEDIA GOVERNANCE

While social media enables individuals with a digital presence to voice their own opinions with a sense of agency, it also allows negative dialogue to form, usually in the form of online harassment and bullying. This umbrella term, refers to behaviours such as offensive name calling, intent to purposely embarrass someone, physical threats, sexual harassment, rumours, as well as impersonation or harm online (Lenhart et al. 2016). In extreme cases, these behaviours can extend beyond the online sphere, and take forms in behaviours such was doxing and attempts to hurt the victim in person, after extended online harassment (Lenhart et al. 2016).

When discussing online harassment and bullying, it is important to note that it is largely a gendered issue, with women (typically young, women of colour), being at the forefront of the abuse (Marwick and Caplan 2018). Typically, online abuse that targets women who are openly feminists or progressive is perpetrated by individuals from an echo chamber. As coined by Marwick and Caplan, this “manosphere”, encapsulates ‘blogs, podcasts, and forums’ (2018). Many members of this subsection are anti feminists, pickup artists, and mens rights activists, who’s discourse largely includes a common dialogue, even if their views and values slightly differ (Marwick & Caplan 2018). Members of these groups who partake in cyberbullying also use what Is called ‘gaslighting’, which refers to ‘the psychological manipulation of a person in order to erode their sense of self and sanity’ (Gleeson 2018). Online harassment is usually related to a sense of power. These groups aim to seek power and control over others, through behaviours of bullying and intimidating, which gaslighting can be effective at achieving (Gleeson 2018, Marwick & Caplan 2018).

Because of this, social media governance has never been so important. There are numerous ways that this sort of sanctions can be implemented. Firstly, governance at a micro level ( such as social media moderation and group governance by an outsourced, impartial group), and a macro level (such as government laws and considerations on a state/ nation level) (Marwick & Caplan 2018). By definition, social media governance refers to a a set of rules, regulations, and an ongoing commitment which focuses on evaluating and Identifying behaviours that are harmful to others in the social public sphere. In Australian, there are numerous legal remedies to fulfil the role of social governance, such as The Criminal Code Act 1995, as well as The Online Safety Act 2021. Both legislations protect victims from online abuse, specifically in relation to minors and unsafe image sharing.

With the rise of social media stars, social media bullying has never been so rampant. It is important to have multiple forms of governance in place, both from legislative sources and from members of the community in order to mitigate this.

Resources:

Gleeson, J 2018, Explainer: what does ‘gaslighting’ mean?, The Conversation.‌

Lenhart, A, Ybarra, M, Zickuhr, K & Price-Feeney, M 2016, ONLINE HARASSMENT, DIGITAL ABUSE, AND CYBERSTALKING IN AMERICA, 21 November.‌

Marwick, AE & Caplan, R 2018, ‘Drinking male tears: language, the manosphere, and networked harassment’, Feminist Media Studies, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 543–559.‌

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inkedskinpaperwings-blog · 7 years

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An incomplete list (but already way too long) of stalker/obsession films for... no reason at all. Keep in mind I got all these from online lists, so if some of them aren’t actually stalker films, I cannot be held accountable for it.

The Roommate (2011) - “When college freshman Sara arrives on campus for the first time, she befriends her roommate, Rebecca, unaware that the girl is becoming dangerously obsessed with her.”

One Hour Photo (2002) - “An employee of a one-hour photo lab becomes obsessed with a young suburban family.”

Play Misty For Me (1971) - “A brief fling between a male disc jockey and an obsessed female fan takes a frightening, and perhaps even deadly turn when another woman enters the picture.”

The Fan (1996) - “Three-times MVP baseball player Bobby Rayburn joins San Fransisco Giants, and obsessive fan, whose profession is selling hunting knives, Gil Renard is excited over that. But Rayburn plays the worst season of his career and Renard tries to do everything to help him, but goes too far.”

Dear Zachary (2008) - “On November 5, 2001, Dr. Andrew Bagby was murdered in a parking lot in western Pennsylvania. The prime suspect: his girlfriend. As the saga unfolded, Andrew’s oldest friend began making a film…”

Hidden (2005) (might be in French?) - “An upper-middle class Parisian family starts receiving anonymous video tapes of their house. There’s no commentary, no threats, but the message is clear: You’re being watched. Slowly, dark revelations come to light…”

Enduring Love (2004) - “On a beautiful cloudless day a young couple celebrate their reunion with a picnic. Joe has planned a postcard-perfect afternoon in the English countryside with his partner, Claire. But their idyll comes suddenly to an abrupt end.”

The Loved Ones (2009) - “When Brent turns down his classmate Lola’s invitation to the prom, she concocts a wildly violent plan for revenge.”

Body Double (1984) - “A young B movie actor’s obsession with spying on a beautiful woman who lives nearby leads to a baffling series of events with drastic consequences.”

The Gift (2015) - “When married couple Simon and Robyn unexpectedly encounter Gordo, an acquaintance from Simon's past, little do they know that their perfect lives will be thrown into a terrifying tailspin.”

The Good Son (1993) - “Mark, a young boy who loses his mother, must stay with his extended family while his father is away on business. Mark becomes acquainted with his cousin Henry. However, the extent of Henry's depravity soon becomes clear.”

Remember My Name (1978) - “Neil Curry is living a happy life with his second wife Barbara in California after abandoning his first wife, Emily, in New York. Their life of domestic bliss is interrupted when Emily comes back from prison, where she served a 12-year sentence for murdering Neil's former lover.”

The Resident (2011) - “A landlord becomes obsessed with a doctor who moves into his building.”

Reviving Ophelia (2010) - “No one listens when a teenager suspects that her cousin is in an abusive relationship.”

Hear No Evil (1993) - “An Oregon woman's new friend helps her elude a corrupt policeman who wants an item she unknowingly holds.”

Hell Hath No Fury (1991) - “The wife of a slain man is framed by the killer, a warped woman whose identity she knows.”

Creep (2014) - “Aaron answers an online ad and drives to a stranger's house to film him for the day. The man wants to make a movie for his unborn child, but his requests become more bizarre as the day goes along.”

Sleeping With The Enemy (1991) - “After faking her death in order to flee from her violent husband, Martin, Laura Burney leaves Cape Cod and moves to Iowa, where she adopts a new identity and starts dating a local teacher, Ben Woodward. Martin, meanwhile, unearths evidence suggesting that she isn't dead, and when her mother confirms this, he tracks her to Iowa.”

Stalked at 17 (2012) - “An abusive man promises to kill his girlfriend when she threatens to end the relationship and take their baby.”

Stalker (2010) - “A troubled writer retreats to a country house to work on a new project, but her new assistant may be hiding a sinister agenda.”

The Strangers (2008) - “Kristen and James are expecting a relaxing weekend at a family vacation home, but their stay turns out to be anything but peaceful. First, a mysterious and dangerous woman arrives at the door while James is out on an errand. After a time, the real danger does show up - in the form of three masked torturers, leaving Kristen and James struggling for survival.”

Lady Beware (1987) - “A Pittsburgh window dresser gets tough with a deranged lab technician who stalks her.”

Dark Summer (2015) - “Alone under house arrest for stalking, a teenager experiences a terrifying brush with the supernatural.”

Eye Of The Stalker (1995) - “A wily legal consultant maneuvers within the letter of the law to be near the object of his obsession, a judge's daughter.”

Fear (1996) - “When 16-year-old Nicole Walker meets 23-year-old David McCall at a Seattle nightclub, she falls in love. David is exciting and charming, and despite the wide age gap, he wins over Nicole's family -- except for her workaholic father, Steven, who's suspicious of David from the start. His concerns are realized when David turns out to be a violent sociopath who sees Nicole as his possession.”

Fear Stalk (1989) - “A producer from Beverly Hills is shocked when someone steals all of her belongings out of her purse. The thief begins to make threatening phone calls and withdraws money from her accounts. The stalker becomes more and more dangerous until he finally tries to kill the producer.”

The Paperboy (1994) - “Small-town deaths are the result of a 12-year-old boy's obsession with a divorced mother.”

The Perfect Guy (2015) - “With a fulfilling career and a loving relationship, lobbyist Leah Vaughn seems to have it all. Then Dave, her long-term boyfriend, questions her future plans for marriage and a family. The resulting breakup leaves Leah heartbroken, until she meets Carter Duncan. Soon, the budding romance turns dangerous as Carter reveals his volatile nature, forcing Leah to turn the tables on the man she thought was Mr. Right.”

P2 (2007) - “Angela is working late on Christmas Eve. When she finally decides to leave, she goes down to the parking garage to get her car, but it won't start. Thomas, the garage's security guard, offers to help. He also invites Angela to dinner, but she refuses. Thomas, crazed, knocks her out. She wakes up in Thomas' office, chained to a chair and in different clothes. Now Angela must fight for her life in order the escape from the garage.”

Obsessed (2009) - “Things couldn't be better for Derek Charles. He's just received a big promotion at work, and has a wonderful marriage. However, into this idyllic world steps Lisa, a temporary worker at Derek's office. Lisa begins to stalk Derek, jeopardizing all he holds dear.”

Unforgettable (2017) - “Barely coping with the end of her marriage, Tessa Connover learns that her ex-husband, David, is now happily engaged to Julia. Soon, Tessa's jealousy starts to consume her, and she will stop at nothing to turn Julia's paradise into the ultimate nightmare.”

Unlawful Entry (1992) - “Michael and Karen Carr call the police after a failed robbery. Officer Pete Davis arrives and helps arrange the installation of a new security system. The grateful Carrs have Pete to dinner and strike up a friendship. Pete invites Michael to ride with him during a night's patrol and gives him the chance to beat up the burglar. Michael refuses and tells the disturbed cop to stay away, but Pete begins stalking the terrified couple.”

Alone With Her (2006) - “A stalker named Doug uses hidden cameras to spy on Amy, the beautiful object of his obsession. With knowledge gleaned from his secret surveillance, the young man manipulates her, first into friendship, then pushes for a romantic relationship.”

The Crush (1993) - “Writer Nick Eliot moves to a new city for a magazine job and rents a room in the house of Cliff and Liv Forrester, whose 14-year-old daughter, Adrian, instantly makes her attraction to Nick clear. Nick has trouble fending off Adrian's advances and as her obsession with Nick grows, Adrian becomes angry at being rejected and starts attacking his property and friends.”

Split (2016) - “Three girls are kidnapped by a man with a diagnosed 23 distinct personalities. They must try to escape before the apparent emergence of a frightful new 24th.”

Gone (2012) - “A woman is convinced her kidnapper has returned when her sister goes missing.”

My Soul To Take (2010) - “A serial killer returns to his hometown to stalk seven children who share the same birthday as the date he was allegedly put to rest.”

Cyberbully (2015) - “A British teenager is forced by a computer hacker to do his bidding. If she refuses, the hacker will leak compromising photos of her to the public.”

Stalked By My Neighbour (2015) - “A mother and her 18-year-old daughter move to suburbia to help recover from a traumatic home invasion, but a sinister shadow seems to be stalking them.”

Ratter (2015) - “A young graduate student is tormented by a stalker who hacks into her electronic devices and monitors her every move.”

The Perfect Teacher (2010) - “A spoiled, selfish teenager becomes infatuated with her teacher. She befriends his daughter as a way of worming her way into the family, and sets about manipulating every aspect of his life.”

Cyberstalker (2012) - “Thirteen years ago, Aiden Ashley's world was torn apart after an online stalker followed her into the real world and broke into the Ashley family home to claim the object of his desire.”

Valentine (2001) - “Five women are stalked by an unknown assailant while preparing for Valentine's Day.”

The Wrong Girl (2015) - “A budding friendship with a new student takes a sinister turn when the girl starts to disrupt the lives of her family.”

Disturbia (2007) - “A teen living under house arrest becomes convinced his neighbor is a serial killer.”

Kristy (2014) - “When a college girl who is alone on campus over the Thanksgiving break is targeted by a group of outcasts, she must conquer her deepest fears to outwit them and fight back.”

Open Windows (2014) - “A jilted fan soon finds himself pulled into a deadly game of cat-and-mouse after he accepts the opportunity to spy on his favorite actress via his laptop.”

Cry_Wolf (2005) - “Eight unsuspecting high school seniors at a posh boarding school, who delight themselves on playing games of lies, come face-to-face with terror and learn that nobody believes a liar - even when they're telling the truth.”

Blackway (2015) - “An ex-logger comes to the aid of a woman who returns to her hometown in the Pacific Northwest and finds herself harassed and stalked by a former cop turned crime lord.”

Choose (2011) - “A journalism student tracks a killer with the help of her detective father and a therapist.”

Amusement (2008) - “Three women are stalked by a killer with a grudge that extends back to the girls' childhoods.”

Truth & Lies (2015) - “Teens band together to investigate the source of anonymous messages that threaten to expose their secrets.”

Night Rain (2017) - “An actress is unwittingly hired by her stalker to make an independent movie about a famous unsolved Hollywood murder, but she and her group of young indie filmmakers soon find themselves the subject of their own terror.”

Voidfinder (2017) - “A supernatural stalker pursues a super model to steal her soul with his demonic camera.”

#FollowFriday (2016) - “Students and Faculty on a college campus are targeted by a killer using social media.”

Urban Legend (1998) - “A college student suspects a series of bizarre deaths are connected to certain urban legends.”

The Good Neighbour (2016) - “A pair of mischievous high school kids create the illusion of a haunting on an unsuspecting neighbor. While keeping his every reaction under surveillance, they see much more than they bargained for.”

When The Bough Breaks (2016) - John and Laura Taylor are a young, professional couple who desperately want a baby. After exhausting all other options, they finally hire Anna, the perfect woman to be their surrogate - but as she gets further along in her pregnancy, so too does her psychotic and dangerous fixation on the husband.

#Misc: keeping to the shadows (ooc)#long post #long post tw #gabriel makes movie lists

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darkcitrin · 7 years

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Is juvia a stalker?

Well this topic was better discussed in the past by antis who were actually suffering under it but because some gruvians are trying again to define the definition stalker to their benefit, I thought giving you also a different construction.

At the end you are deciding what you want to believe in. But believe has nothing to do with science… not necessary

Stalking is unwanted (at the beginning) or obsessive (now) attention by an individual (Juvia) or group towards another person (Gray). Stalking behaviors are related to harassment and intimidation and may include following the victim in person or monitoring them. The term stalking is used with some differing definitions in psychiatry and psychology, as well as in some legal jurisdictions as a term for a criminal offense.

Psychologists often group individuals who stalk into two categories: psychoticand nonpsychotic.[3] Stalkers may have pre-existing psychotic disorders such as delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia.

(Schizoaffective disorder (SZA, SZD or SAD) is a mental disordercharacterized by abnormal thought processes and deregulated emotions.[1][2]The diagnosis is made when the person has features of both schizophreniaand a mood disorder—either bipolar disorder or depression )

Most stalkers are nonpsychotic and may exhibit disorders or neuroses such as major depression, adjustment disorder, or substance dependence, as well as a variety of Axis II personality disorders (such as antisocial, borderline, dependent, narcissistic, or paranoid). Some of the symptoms of “obsessing” over a person may be characteristic of obsessive compulsive personality disorder.

The nonpsychotic stalkers’ pursuit of victims can be influenced by various psychological factors, including anger, hostility, projection of blame (SILVER),obsession, dependency, minimization, denial, and jealousy (FT>Phantom beginning). Conversely, as is more commonly the case, the stalker has no antipathic feelings towards the victim, but simply a longing that cannot be fulfilled due to deficiencies either in their personality or their society’s norms.[17] (wants friends?, wants a guild?, wants a family? wants to be as popular as him?)

In “A Study of Stalkers” Mullen et al.. (2000)[18] identified five types of stalkers:

Rejected stalkers follow their victims in order to reverse, correct, or avenge a rejection (e.g. divorce, separation, termination).

Resentful stalkers make a vendetta because of a sense of grievance against the victims – motivated mainly by the desire to frighten and distress the victim.

Intimacy seekers seek to establish an intimate, loving relationship with their victim. Such stalkers often believe that the victim is a long-sought-after soul mate, and they were ‘meant’ to be together.

Incompetent suitors, despite poor social or courting skills, have a fixation, or in some cases, a sense of entitlement to an intimate relationship with those who have attracted their amorous interest. Their victims are most often already in a dating relationship with someone else (SHE THINKS THAT HE IS WITH LUCY AT THE BEGINNING AND LATER ON).

Predatory stalkers spy on the victim in order to prepare and plan an attack – often sexual – on the victim.

In addition to Mullen et al., Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D., an American researcher, crime analyst, and university psychology professor at San Diego State University investigated, as a member of the Stalking Case Assessment Team (SCAT), special unit within the San Diego District Attorney’s Office, hundreds of cases involving what he called and typed “terrestrial” and “cyberstalking” between 1995 and 2002. This research culminated in one of the most comprehensive books written to date on the subject. It is considered the “gold standard” as a reference to stalking crimes, victim protection, safety planning, security and threat assessment published by CRC Press, Inc., in August, 2001.[19]

Many stalkers[quantify] fit categories with paranoia disorders. Intimacy-seeking stalkers often have delusional disorders involving erotomanic delusions. With rejected stalkers, the continual clinging to a relationship of an inadequate or dependent person couples with the entitlement of the narcissistic personality, and the persistent jealousy of the paranoid personality. In contrast, resentful stalkers demonstrate an almost “pure culture of persecution”, with delusional disorders of the paranoid type, paranoid personalities, and paranoid schizophrenia.[18]

Types of victims[edit]

Based on their work with stalking victims for eight years in Australia, Mullen and Pathé identified different types of stalking victims dependent on their previous relationship to the stalker. These are:[5]

Prior intimates: Victims who had been in a previous intimate relationship with their stalker. In the article, Mullen and Pathé describe this as being “the largest category, the most common victim profile being a woman who has previously shared an intimate relationship with her (usually) male stalker.” These victims are more likely to be exposed to violence being enacted by their stalker especially if the stalker had a criminal past. In addition, victims who have “date stalkers” are less likely to experience violence by their stalkers. A “date stalker” is considered an individual who had an intimate relationship with the victim but it was short-lived.[5]

Casual acquaintances and friends: Amongst male stalking victims, most are part of this category. This category of victims also includes neighbor stalking. This may result in the victims’ change of residence.[5]

Professional contacts: These are victims who have been stalked by patients, clients, or students whom they have had a professional relationship with. Certain professions such as health care providers, teachers, and lawyers are at a higher risk for stalking.[5]

Workplace contacts: The stalkers of these victims tend to visit them in their workplace (becoming FT mage) which means that they are either an employer, employee, or a customer. When victims have stalkers coming to their workplace, this poses a threat not only to the victims’ safety but to the safety of other individuals as well.[5] Like Lucy for instance

Strangers: These victims are typically unaware of how their stalkers began stalking because typically these stalkers form a sense of admiration for their victims from a distance.[5]

The famous: Most of these victims are individuals who are portrayed heavily on media outlets but can also include individuals such as politicians and athletes.[5]

Gender[edit]

According to one study, women often target other women, whereas men generally stalk women only.[12][13] However, a January 2009 report from the United States Department of Justice reports that “Males were as likely to report being stalked by a male as a female offender. 43% of male stalking victims stated that the offender was female, while 41% of male victims stated that the offender was another male.

So in summary Juvia is a psychotic and after they lived together non psychotic rejected stalker, intimacy seeking stalker and incompetent suitor stalker

#anti gruvia #anti stalking

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benrleeusa · 7 years

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[Eugene Volokh] Photographing Someone Being Arrested Doesn't Count as "Stalking"

From yesterday's Florida Court of Appeal decision in Pickett v. Copeland:

Terrance J. Pickett appeals the trial court's Final Judgment of Injunction for Protection Against Stalking.... As defined in section 784.048(2), Florida Statutes (2016), stalking occurs when a person "willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows, harasses, or cyberstalks another person[.]" "Harass" is defined in section 784.048(1)(a) to mean "engag[ing] in a course of conduct directed at a specific person which causes substantial emotional distress to that person and serves no legitimate purpose." In its turn, "course of conduct" is defined as "a pattern of conduct composed of a series of acts over a period of time, however short, which evidences a continuity of purpose." § 784.048(1)(b)....

[W]e are compelled to conclude that the evidence was neither competent nor substantial to carry Ms. Copeland's burden [to provide evidence of stalking].

While there was evidence that Mr. Pickett followed Ms. Copeland from the Murphy gas station on Thanksgiving Day in 2016, he did so because there was an outstanding warrant for Ms. Copeland's arrest for violating the injunction he had obtained against her, and while he was following her, it is undisputed that he was talking to the police. That was, at most, a single act of following.

Furthermore, though Ms. Copeland accused Mr. Pickett of driving past her house on multiple occasions—presumably to prove harassment—the evidence only suggested a single incident of his passing by, which falls short of a malicious "course of conduct" serving "no legitimate purpose." § 784.048(1)(a), (b) & (2), Fla. Stat.; see Leach, 162 So. 3d at 1106 (reversing injunction and holding Leach's several messages to Kersey by phone, through friends, and on social media, after she learned of an eighteen-month affair between Kersey and Leach's husband, could not be found to serve " 'no legitimate purpose'").

[Footnote moved: It is clear that the trial court was troubled by the fact that when law enforcement caused Ms. Copeland to pull over into a parking lot, Mr. Pickett got out of his vehicle and used his cell phone to videotape her arrest. However, for purposes of the definition of harassment, "course of conduct" "does not include constitutionally protected activity[.]" § 784.048(1)(b), Fla. Stat. (2016). Even though we recognize that this protective language will not necessarily provide immunity for every instance where an individual videotapes an arrest—because an individual's actions may go beyond the scope of the constitutional protections—there is a First Amendment right to videotape police officers while they are conducting their official duties in public:

"Every Circuit Court of Appeals to address this issue (First, Fifth, Seventh, Ninth, and Eleventh) has held that there is a First Amendment right to record police activity in public. See Turner v. Lieutenant Driver, 848 F.3d 678 (5th Cir. 2017); Gericke v. Begin, 753 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2014); Am. Civil Liberties Union of Ill. v. Alvarez, 679 F.3d 583 (7th Cir. 2012); Glik v. Cunniffe, 655 F.3d 78 (1st Cir. 2011); Smith v. City of Cumming, 212 F.3d 1332 (11th Cir. 2000); Fordyce v. City of Seattle, 55 F.3d 436 (9th Cir. 1995). Today we join this growing consensus. Simply put, the First Amendmentprotects the act of photographing, filming, or otherwise recording police officers conducting their official duties in public." Fields v. City of Philadelphia, 862 F.3d 353, 355-56 (3d Cir. 2017).]

As a result, we hold there was no competent, substantial evidence to support the imposition of an injunction for protection against stalking. Consequently, the final judgment is reversed.

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mitrebecca307-blog · 7 years

Text

DCT Threats

1st Threat - Spams:

Brief explanation of threat: Spam is when you bombard someone with advertisements and other unwanted garbage (just like TV!), it is also when you post meaningless, useless stuff on forums. It's also a meat substitute thingy.

Legal issues: It's not against the law, though many websites have rules against it.

Ethical issues: None, go spam to your hearts content, Anons of the world.

How to prevent Spams:

1. Try to avoid opening spam emails and clicking on links in spam messages.

2. Don't buy anything from a spammer.

3. Don't be tempted to reply.

4. Don't threaten the spammer.

5. Avoid 'unsubscribe' options.

6. Use a disposable email address.

What to do if the treat happened to you:

1. Ask your internet service provider (ISP) about arranging a spam filtering service with your internet connection.

2. If you are using a web-based email address, such as Gmail, activate the junk or spam email preferences. You can also purchase spam-filtering software for your email account.

2nd Threat - Cyber-stalking:

Brief explanation of threat: Stalking is a term commonly used to refer to unwanted attention by individuals (and sometimes groups of people) to others.

Legal issues: New Zealand Harassment Act 1997, Crimes Act 1961, Domestic Violence Act 1995, Telecommunications Act 1987

Ethical issues: Stalking is harassment. Harassment is wrong.

How to prevent the threat:

1. Be careful what personal information you share online including in email, on social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter and chat rooms. It is very easy to glean information about where you live, the places you love to go to in your area and the people you care about from posts and pictures.

2. Make sure that your internet service provider (ISP), cell phone service, instant messenger (called internet relay chat, or IRC in some terms of service) network and other services you use has an acceptable privacy policy that prohibits cyberstalking. If they have none, suggest they create one and/or switch to a provider that is more responsive to user privacy concerns and complaints.

3. Services such as Facebook change their privacy policy all the time, so it is a good idea to check your privacy settings to make sure you are sharing the information you want to share with people you trust and not the general internet public. Some sites have options for you to test how your profile is being viewed by others – test and make sure you only reveal what is absolutely necessary.

What to do if the threat happened to you:

1. Trust your instincts. If you feel uncomfortable or an online situation becomes hostile, remove yourself from the online space by logging off or surfing elsewhere, or block the other persons access to you.

2. If you are receiving unwanted contact, make clear to that person that you would like him or her not to contact you again. Many women who have reported being harassed do this and warn that any further contact will result in the filing of a police report. Depending on the harasser, engagement with the person can escalate or cease, so if you consider contact appropriate and necessary, do so once and document it.

3. Save all communications with the stalker for evidence. Do no edit or alter them in anyway. Try using print screens, especially if the harassment is happening in real-time.

4. Tell your family and friends that someone is stalking you online. Being stalked – online or offline – is a traumatic experience and support from your family and friends is critical at this time to help you cope. Also check that what they are revealing about you and their relationship with you in their online spaces, albeit inadvertently.

5. Tell your employer that someone is stalking you if you think this person may harass you in the workplace. Your employer will be more likely to back you up if they receive harassing or questionable messages about you from the cyber-stalker, and they may be helpful in mitigating any professional damage.

#Spams Cyber-stalking

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