#Christopher Columbus: The Discovery

[recycledmoviecostumes]

This orange scarf, accented with orange and black edging, was first seen in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, where Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio wore it as Marian in 1991. The piece was seen again the very next year in Christoper Columbus: The Discovery, where Catherine Zeta-Jones wore it as Beatrix. 

Costume Credit: Lucia

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[illustratus]

The First Voyage, Christopher Columbus bidding farewell to Queen Isabella I on his departure for the New World, 3 August, 1492.

by Victor A. Searles

[ravensarca]

And the sea will grant each man new hope, as sleep brings dreams of home. (Christopher Columbus)

[alexiios]

ezio & the assassin brotherhood were instrumental in enabling christopher columbus' voyage to the americas which. was definitely a choice on ubisoft's part

[tf1960]

[marietheran]

thinking about all the mariners before america was discovered*... how terrifying it must have been to sail past portugal... "we're farther west than any man on earth"... suddenly the boat seems so small and exposed... i'm not surprised they were afraid and painted dragons on the edges of their maps. because how could they guess what awaited beyond them?

later, columbus believed the world was round but would some of his crew have had doubts? i'm not surprised they wanted to mutiny. imagine: three boats at sea, farther than any have ever sailed (that they know of)... days of sea calm perhaps, the sun probably invariably shining uncomfortably bright... growing unrest... "we will not return"

*i know and acknowledge, controversial phrasing, but it's the easiest way to put it

[tiliman2]

🔥

[michael-rosskothen]

Santa Maria, Nina and Pinta of Christopher Columbus

[dreamconsumer]

The world according to Christopher Columbus.

[carolinemillerbooks]

New Post has been published on Books by Caroline Miller

New Post has been published on https://www.booksbycarolinemiller.com/musings/harry-potter-v-doctrine-of-discovery/

Harry Potter v. Doctrine of Discovery

I threw a DVD  of “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets” into my player last night.  I needed a touch of innocence to block out the television news.  Hard to accept but the real world had grown more fantastical, dark, and insane, than makebelieve. In the episode I selected, Neville Longbottom proves to be a hero. Knowing his friends Harry, Hermione, and Ron intend to break curfew and dishonor Gryffindor, he blocks their escape. “I’ll fight you,” he says shakily, his small fists rolled into balls to prove he means what he says. In the real world, Nikki Halley could have used Longbottom’s courage.  She accused Donald Trump of being unhinged, but like the rest of her peers in the Republican Party, she endorsed him. Fear rather than admiration was the reason. Each of them preferred to suffer the reign of an avowed tyrant and his band of Christian Nationalists rather than risk their careers.    To take a stand against allies and friends is difficult as studies show.  In turbulent times, only the brave are willing to sacrifice themselves for the greater good.  Of the 7 Republicans who voted to impeach Donald Trump, for example, only 2 survived the next election.  The rest faded away though the nation owes them a debt.    Though they may not know it, Trump and his band of White Christian Nationalists can trace their sense of a right to govern to the Doctrine of Discovery. Written in 1493, this Papal Bull was an answer to a question that troubled Christopher Columbus.  After returning from the New World with a plan to set out again, he wondered how he should treat the inhabitants of these faraway lands. The Holy See’s answer was unequivocal. Columbus owed heathens nothing except to convert them to the faith.   Chief Justice John Marshall answered the same question concerning American Indian rights in Johnson v. McIntosh  (1823)  When white Christian farmers settled on lands belonging to the Oneida Nation, the Indians sued. Marshall relied on the Doctrine of Discover in his response.  He defined the Indians as “occupiers” of the land, but assigned ownership to the white Christians. It may surprise some to learn this prejudice persisted in American law as late as 2005. That was the year Ruth Bader Ginsberg decided a case on the same Papal grounds even though Pope Francis had rescinded the Bull in 2003.  PPRI,  a nonprofit research group that focuses on the intersection of religion, culture, and politics, published a poll regarding the Doctrine of Discovery in 2022.  The question they asked was, “Do you agree or disagree that America was designed by God to be a promised land for European Christians?” Thirty percent of those who answered agreed with the statement. Republicans form the nucleus of Christianity in this country so a number of those who replied were probably Christian conservatives. In any case, this nostalgia for injustices of the past comes at a time of demographic change in the United States.  “Self-identified Republicans today are 70 percent white and Christian in a country that is only 42% white and Christian.” (“Finding the Hidden Roots of White Supremacy,” by Robert P. Jones, FFRF, May 2024, pg. 13.) Understandably, in 2020, when a defeated Trump claimed the election was rigged, the Christian right believed him and their response grew to a full-throated rage that culminated in an assault upon our nation’s Capitol. The rebellion was quelled but the fury remained, erupting sporadically in violence or threats of violence. During this period of turbulence, the Supreme Court seems to be administering law and order with an uneven hand.  Many who participated in the Capito riot have gone to jail.  On the other hand, the High Court has made it increasingly difficult to prosecute verbal assault. In Counterman v. Colorado, for example, the Supreme Court ruled that violent speech has First Amendment protection and is prosecutable only if the perpetrator has “some subjective understanding of the threatening nature of his statements.”    Political threats come from all sides of the philosophical spectrum, of course, but they are increasing in number and the range of those targeted is widening. In 2021, the National League of Cities published a poll that shows public servants have come under heavy assault.  The political climate has become so toxic that a former head of the Republican Party told 60 Minutes he went along with a scheme to overturn the 2020 election because he was “scared to death.” Likewise, former Georgia Governor, Roy Barnes  admitted he refused to assist district attorney Farni Willis in her prosecution of Donald Trump because  “I wasn’t going to live with bodyguards for the rest of my life.” History informs us that defending our democracy takes courage.  In a speech given at Harvard University, Supreme Court Justice Sotomayor reminded us of this fact when she praised the jurists who ended segregation in our public schools. (Brown v. Board of Education)  “They were brave men who believed in the power of law to form that more perfect union, and I believe it,” she said.  We all need to believe it for we have stumbled upon a time when the assault upon our democracy is coming not only from external enemies but from our fellow citizens.  I refer to those who defend the idea that some of us are occupiers and others are owners. In an earlier blog, I predicted a blue wave was coming. The prediction wasn’t magical thinking.  That wave will arrive come November. In a free land, ordinary people like Neville Longbottom will always rise to defend their country in a time of crisis.    

[cesaray]

to read a book on columbus and see him dragged like this

[seraphimfall]

i was today years old when i found out that christopher columbus is a holy figure in mormonism and his “discovery” of the new world was apparently prophesied and necessary in order to save the native americans from their “wicked practices”.

respectfully, this is the craziest fucking thing I have read in my entire life.

everything i learn about mormonism i learn against my will.

[illustratus]

First Landing of Christopher Columbus on the Shores of the New World

by Dióscoro Puebla

[mapsontheweb]

Discovery and conquest of the Caribbean Sea by the Spanish, 1492-1595.

« Westermann Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte », 1997

by cartesdhistoire

On October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus reached San Salvador in what is now the Bahamas archipelago, then he discovered the northeast coast of Cuba and Haiti (La Española). During a second expedition, he discovered Dominica and Guadeloupe, then he explored the south coast of Cuba and discovered Jamaica (Santiago). His brother Bartolomé founded Santo Domingo in 1498. In 1508, Ponce de León named a harbor on the island Puerto Rico, which took its name, then he founded San Juan in 1511.

During his third voyage, in 1498, Columbus reached the island of Trinidad and discovered the mouths of the Orinoco River: the flow of the river indicated that the hinterland was much larger than the islands previously discovered. So, the idea of “mainland” began to emerge. In 1499, Alonso de Ojeda, accompanied by Amerigo Vespucci, explored the coast from east to west, starting from Guyana. On the shores of Lake Maracaibo, upon seeing Indians living in huts on stilts, he named this region “Venezuela”, meaning little Venice.

Rodrigo de Bastidas discovered the mouth of the Magdalena River and was the first to land on the Isthmus of Panama in 1500. During his fourth voyage, Columbus sailed along the coast of the isthmus from present-day Honduras (1502). Vasco Nuñez de Balboa founded Santa María la Antigua del Darién in 1510, the first permanent colony on the mainland, then he discovered the “South Sea” in 1513. Pedrarias Dávila founded Panama in 1519.

In 1528, Charles V granted the exploitation of Venezuela to Augsburg bankers, the Welsers. The expedition of Nicolás de Federmán reached the land of the Muiscas in the Andes in 1539.

The first European to ascend the Orinoco was Diego de Ordaz in 1531 (he was also the first European to reach the summit of the Popocatépetl volcano in Mexico). Where the Orinoco narrows the most, Antonio de Berrío founded the town of Santo Tomás de Guayana in 1595.

In the Andes, Benalcázar founded the Spanish Quito in 1534, then Popayán in 1537, and Jiménez de Quesada founded Santa Fe de Bogotá in 1538.

[bignaz8]

The Kensington Runestone, a rectangular slab of graywacke stone inscribed with runes, was discovered in 1898 near Kensington, Minnesota. The inscription suggests that Scandinavian explorers might have reached the area as early as the 14th century, predating Christopher Columbus by over a century. The text reads: "8 Goths and 22 Norwegians on an exploration journey from Vinland very far west. We had camp by two skerries one day's journey north from this stone. We were fishing one day. After we came home, found 10 men red with blood and dead. AVM (Ave Maria) save from evil. Have 10 men by the sea to look after our ships, 14 days' journey from this island. Year 1362." This suggests a Norse expedition that met with tragedy, with ten men being massacred. Since its discovery, the Kensington Runestone has been at the center of a heated debate among scholars, historians, and archaeologists.

Some argue that it is a genuine medieval Norse artifact, indicating that Vikings might have explored much further into North America than previously believed. They support their claims with linguistic and runological analyses. On the other hand, critics question the stone's authenticity, pointing to signs of modern carving techniques and inconsistencies in the language and grammar compared to known medieval Norse texts. They suggest the possibility of a hoax or deliberate forgery. Despite extensive studies and ongoing debates, no definitive conclusion has been reached. The Kensington Runestone continues to captivate and divide, with both supporters and skeptics passionately defending their viewpoints.

[89words]

The petals of the vagina unfold like Christopher Columbus taking off his shoes. Is there anything more beautiful than the bow of a ship touching a new world?

Richard Brautigan - 'Discovery'