#Cervical insufficiency

[neuroticboyfriend]

so. i was born extremely premature because my mom had weakness and shortening of the cervix. she couldn't keep me in her body, so they kept her kinda upside down for 2 weeks and then delivered me by c-section, at 25 weeks gestation.

for a long time, i never bothered to look into what causes cervical insufficiency, bc why would i. but just now, i learned: "A genetic disorder like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome which may cause cervical weakness and can lead to cervical insufficiency" (source).

...ykno. there are times where i'm like, nah, me and my family may be hypermobile and have all these medical problems, but surely, we don't have EDS. but. uh. this is getting a bit hard to deny, now.

so yea, yet another EDS comorbidity no one teaches you about! go figure!

[atouchofflourish]

Grieving Levi: Leaning into Perfect Placement

I feel like time is moving rapidly. Today is Levi’s due date, April 1st, 2024. Did we really go through all of that in December and it’s already April? Goodness. I really believe that in order to tell you of all the miraculous things God was and is doing through Levi’s brief time here, I need to start from the beginning. While Levi was our 3rd pregnancy loss in 4 years, I feel like I need to…

[shubhragoyal]

Explore the meaning of high-risk pregnancy. Understand the factors and care needed for a healthy pregnancy journey. Learn about High Risk Pregnancy.

Do Read: https://www.drshubhragoyal.com/welcome/blogs/introduction-to-high-risk-pregnancy--what-does-it-mean

[meg2md]

We're recovering.

A month on gynecology, my favorite rotation, helped. Better hours, got to participate in a couple of hysterectomies (doing about 1/3 as an R2 isn't bad, and even got a couple vag hysts under my belt), went to the gym more frequently, spent time with MIGS attendings and made some decisions/organized plans to move me towards MIGS applications next year, deepened some friendships.

I'm on MFM now, which I'm neutral towards. I hated it last block, but this block I'm mentally doing better. I'm motivated to read (I've gone pretty in depth on cervical insufficiency and incidental short cervical lengths, aortopathies, anticoagulation in pregnancy, and syphilis). I don't like early hours and long MFM rounding, but I do like reading! I do like learning! I've enjoyed listening to my attendings diffuse hard situations (a 30 weeker with ICP demanding delivery) and bad news (a new diagnosis at term of fetal hypoplastic left heart syndrome). Nothing I want to do in my career, but it's at list enriching to experience.

I'm making small steps with research: submitted my first IRB for my residency project, made my second round of manuscript revisions for for my medical school project, trying to get an away research rotation to bolster my CV for MIGS. I'm slowly putting project pieces together for my advocacy extracurriculars: organizing an ACOG event, building a webinar for the new OB/GYN application. I got back into my favorite organization app (Omnifocus) and am trying to keep on top of all these tasks and my bills and the miscellaneous texts I need to send. I feel like maybe things are coming together.

I am, however, struggling to balance learning and free time. I come home and read, read, read for work and then don't get a lot of free time and get overwhelmed and burn out. A symptom of my new ADHD diagnosis? Perhaps. Perhaps not. Doesn't matter, I still need to figure out how to cope. It's Sunday and I'm working on MFM and MFM-adjacent things until 5 PM and then I'll try to relax. One of my best friends visited this weekend which was the only reason I wasn't working unnecessarily hard on Saturday.

I go to nights next. 5 weeks of it, which will be the longest I've ever done. I like nights in the sense that at this point in the year I'll hopefully be first pick for arrest cesareans, and my job will be keeping an eye on antepartum and covering the gyne service/consults. Ante is usually somewhat quiet overnight and I like gyne. But 5 weeks? 14-16 h shifts? No sunlight, free time? It will be rough. At least I have 4/5 weekends. And I'll be working on this new medication trial. Which is a mess in and of itself.

But, again, we're healing. And I'm working really, really hard to make sure I'm set up for success as I become a senior next year, especially with being the Saturday 24 h call chief taking care of every single service! It's terrifying but also exciting, because while the growth is going to be fucking painful, I'll be so well-prepared for my true chief year coming out of it.

So uhhhh. We'll see. Life is ups and downs. Finally, I'm on a long-overdue upswing.

[nocturnalazure]

9, 14, 16, 21 and 25 for characters of your choice 😊

Thank you so much ❤️

9. Do you have a specific lyric or quote which you associate with your OC?

I can't do an ask without answering at least one question for Laurie so here it is. ;p There are many lyrics that remind me of him so... I'll do a mashup! (kind of emo because well, Laurie is emo)

In spite of how the world decides to see my life Would I still have a chance for us to say goodbye Over and over again If I decide to burn instead of fading out I still would like the chance for us to say goodbye Over and over again

There is whiskey in the water And there is death upon the vine And there is grace within forgiveness But it's so hard for me to find

It's always darkest before the dawn And that one thing will keep me going More than you will ever know In the eye of the storm

14. How does your OC want to be seen by other characters?

Anh believes that it is essential for her to appear professional. She puts a lot of pressure on herself to be respected for her skills and brain first and foremost. She would prefer people to forget that she is a woman at all. She is very confused by Laurie's manners towards her and doesn't know how to react (other than by scowling...) because he treats her as an equal and as a woman. That fries her circuits.

16. What is your OC's pain tolerance like?

Hugo actually has a pretty low tolerance for pain. Granted, as a vampire, it's quite difficult to hurt him but that would completely throw him off. He believes himself invincible and is not used to physical pain AT ALL, so he's likely to blow things out of proportion like a real drama queen.

Also, if you hurt him, you'd better run because as soon as he gets over it, he's going to fucking crush you.

21. Does your OC have any illnesses or disorders? How do they handle it?

Well, the most spectacular is of course DID in Eloise, and because of her powers, it manifests quite dramatically. Vampires are not doing very well mentally in my story: Tristan has PTSD, Hugo suffers from sociopathic tendencies, Eve had Stockholm syndrome...

Mortals fare no better, mind you: Ash suffers from social anxiety, both Laurie and Romeo have general anxiety and depressive episodes, some characters had cancer (cervical cancer for Esther, stomach cancer for Nathaniel), Anh has primary ovarian insufficiency and bulimia,... the list goes on.

25. What is your favorite thing about your OC?

I admire Sam because she doesn't let fear dictate her decisions. She doesn't need to hide her weaknesses because she feels confident in her abilities to compensate and in the fact that no one could use them against her. She trusts in her feelings and allow them to guide her.

[mariacallous]

In the midst of an unseasonal California heat wave last late spring, Nathaniel DeNicola, an obstetrician-gynecologist at Hoag Hospital in Newport Beach, had an unusual case on his hands: A patient who had been carrying a perfectly healthy pregnancy for 32 weeks was going into early labor. It didn’t make sense; nevertheless, the baby was coming. The patient’s waters had broken, the baby’s heartbeat was dropping fast, and the child was in the breech position. The mother had an emergency C-section. After spending a couple of weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit, the baby was allowed to go home.

After the scramble to deliver the baby, DeNicola searched for reasons that might explain the premature arrival. Sometimes there are obvious causes for the early rupturing of membranes, like a chlamydia infection or a condition called cervical insufficiency, in which the cervix starts to dilate on its own. But those explanations didn’t fit DeNicola’s patient. Struggling, he settled on a different explanation: the searing heat. “I can’t prove that that was because of extreme heat; it’s very tough to assign that,” he says. But from his research, he knew that heat can trigger preterm births. And in his 12 years as a clinician, he has often seen more obstetric emergency visits during heatwaves.

Doctors have known for some time that certain groups of people, like the elderly and children, are particularly vulnerable to heatwaves. But in recent years, a new population has come into focus: pregnant people and their unborn babies. As the world warms up, there is a growing corpus of evidence that the heat is interfering with pregnancy, perturbing the delicate fetus in the womb, with the potential for serious complications.

And it’s plenty hot now. July 3 was the hottest day ever recorded globally. July was declared the hottest month on record. California’s Death Valley recently reached 128 degrees Fahrenheit—just two degrees short of a record for the entire planet. In Phoenix, Arizona, the daytime temperature hasn’t dipped below 110 degrees Fahrenheit in almost a month. In parts of the world, such as Iran, the heat index is teetering toward the threshold of what the human body can tolerate. Swathes of Europe are on fire.

Understanding the effect of extreme heat on pregnancies will require a major shift. Due to ethical concerns, pregnant people have typically been excluded from studies of the effects of heat on physiology. (A recent paper drily pointed out that far more research has been done on the effects of heat stress on livestock “due to its economic importance.”) It means that much of what we know comes from animal studies.

So far, there are many theories, but not many firm conclusions. Animal studies have shown that heat can provoke an increase in the secretion of oxytocin, a key hormone involved in labor, which may also explain the phenomenon in humans. It could be that extreme heat triggers the premature rupture of membranes, leading to a too-early birth. Or it could be that heat strain causes the release of inflammatory proteins, prompting preterm labor. Maybe it’s dehydration caused by the heat, causing the release of prostaglandins, lipids that will trigger contractions, and these contractions can be so intense that the body goes into early labor.

In pregnant people, we know that the body alters the way it regulates its temperature to accommodate for increased body size and the metabolic toil required to grow a baby. This, in turn, limits the body’s capacity to dissipate heat. So when it’s super hot, a pregnant person is perhaps less equipped to deal with the heat. Another theory is that when a pregnant person is experiencing heat stress, the body releases heat-shock proteins, which could trigger physiological reactions that are harmful to the baby and its bearer.

A few papers have tried to pinpoint how heat affects the development of human babies, notably a 2022 study that followed 92 pregnant farmers working in The Gambia in West Africa. Led by Ana Bonell, a research fellow at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the team wanted to figure out how doing agricultural labor out in the heat was affecting their pregnancies. Bonell knew that heat stress can trigger the release of cortisol, which could hinder blood flow to the placenta. So her team decided to measure stress, both on the mother and the fetus. Alarmingly, they saw that for every 1 degree Celsius increase, there was a 17 percent increase in fetal stress—defined as abnormally high heart rate or slower blood flow through the umbilical cord. Overall, they concluded that heat strain on the mother translated into strain on the fetus.

Bonell felt it was important to be doing the research in a region likely to face some of the worst tolls of a heating world, where the typical escapes—say, retreating to an air-conditioned building—aren’t available to all. “There’s a massive inequality and climate justice agenda that goes with any research around climate change,” she says. “West Africa is one of the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It just felt right, really.”

Strain on the fetus can have serious consequences. Multiple studies have found that even small increases in ambient temperature can increase the risk of preterm birth: A study from California found that for every 5.6 degrees Celsius increase in ambient temperature exposure, the risk of a preterm birth increased by 8.6 percent. Another analysis also found that the risk of preterm birth increased as temperatures went up.

Several studies have also found significant links between heat exposure and low birth weight. A 2022 study conducted in Massachusetts found that higher ambient temperature resulted in smaller babies. One reason why, the paper proposes, is that perhaps the induced heat-shock proteins mess up normal protein synthesis, which may wreak havoc with the development of the fetus’s organs.

For some babies, the heat can prove fatal. Another recent analysis led by Bonell reviewed the link between heat exposure and stillbirths: One study from Western Australia found that the risk of stillbirth increased by 41 percent if the mother was exposed to moderate heat stress—around 32 degrees Celsius—in the last two weeks of pregnancy.

And hot weather may affect a baby’s development in other ways: A 2021 analysis found a higher incidence of anomalies, such as cardiac defects, spina bifida, or cleft lip, at higher temperatures. A 2019 study took existing research that linked heat exposure to congenital heart defects and extrapolated how many such cases we can expect in the coming years: The authors estimated that over an 11-year period, an additional 7,000 babies will be born with congenital heart defects in the eight US states they studied. According to Bonell, there’s also early evidence from animals that heat stress may be triggering epigenetic changes linked to long-term adult chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.

And in the United States, any potential harm to a fetus brings with it other concerns. Pregnant people, more than ever in a post-Roe world, are at risk of criminalization for behavior that may harm the fetus, particularly in states that recognize fetal personhood, which grants legal rights to a fetus from conception. “You might live in a state that criminalizes your adverse birth outcome because you took a walk when it was hot, or you were working outdoors when the temperatures were too high,” says Adelle Dora Monteblanco, an assistant professor of public health at Pacific University in Oregon.

As the research linking extreme heat to pregnancy complications piles up, public health bodies, including the World Health Organization and UNICEF, have started to take notice and include pregnant people and their unborn babies in warnings during extreme heat—although some, like the United Kingdom, are still leaving pregnant people out. While including pregnant people in public health messaging is important, doctors also need to do more to keep patients fully informed on how to stay safe. “We know enough to act,” says DeNicola. “While we don’t have perfect solutions, we do have counseling we can give.” He knows to tell his patients to drink more water, and try to access any kind of cooling, if they have the means. If air-conditioning isn’t an option at home, people should look for cooling centers, or shopping malls, movie theaters, or libraries.

Research has shown that more targeted advice is still a necessity. A 2022 paper concluded that current guidance for pregnant people with regard to heat exposure is “sparse, inconsistent, and not evidence based.” Big questions remain, like at what stage in the pregnancy is the mother and fetus most at risk, or at what temperature conditions shift from risky to dangerous.

Yet there are limits to simply giving out advice. As the world heats up, pregnant people and their babies will continue to be vulnerable to these risks—particularly people from low-income households and people of color. Bonell points out that what people really need is practical help or the tools to help themselves. “You need some other solutions that aren’t just about education,” she says.

[thestylesfamilysblog]

Update on Ro is apparently she has symptoms of cervical insufficiency which after Sage would make sense….if that’s the case they’re advising termination because it will only cause more problems for Violet….- Harry

[lastlycoris]

on a scale of one to ten how dumb was it

A 9.

If it had been an actual doctor lecturing, it would've been the stupidest thing I've ever heard on the basis they should've known better.

As it was, it was a former Physician's Assistant (PA), who still should've know better.

I'll likely be banned from the noontime resident grand rounds for my outburst, which is sad because they have the best lunches.

Readmore for the topic of abortion, specifically ectopic pregnancy.

The topic for grand rounds was Holistic Approaches to Medicine and the Importance of Spiritual Well-Being, which the speaker who was a former PA decided to go into a pro-life rant mid-lecture.

At this point, if you're a medical student or a resident, you've probably made your decision on abortion. So, fine.

But what came out of his mouth afterwards was so stupid and dangerous, regardless of whatever side of the debate you take, that I thought I hallucinated his comments. And only by looking at the host of the grand rounds - an attending-level doctor like myself - staring in horror at the speaker made me realize that what he said was real.

Essentially the speaker was stating as fact that ectopic pregnancies, a pregnancy outside the uterus, are no longer a valid excuse to get an abortion, because women have survived and delivered such pregnancies to full-term.

----

Okay first off, some basics. Let's talk about where the fetus ends up in a normal pregnancy. It should be within the uterus, specifically the uterine cavity.

Anywhere else is known as an ectopic pregnancy. Too low, and you have a cervical ectopic which will usually spontaneously abort in the first trimester. But for this post, we'll talk about the ectopic pregnancies that implant in the fallopian tube/around that region (most common type of ectopic) or the abdomen (the most likely chance of fetus surviving full-term).

Tubal ectopic pregnancy occurs approximately 95% of all ectopic pregnancies. The egg implants inside the tiny Fallopian tube that connects your ovary to the uterus, and the embryo grows. And because it grows, it can rupture the tube that is in - and can potentially cause the mother to bleed to death.

Abdominal ectopic pregnancy occurs approximately 1% of ectopic pregnancies. The abdomen's problem in that the fetus attaches somewhere that it's not meant to - like an organ or your abdominal lining. The reason why such an ectopic pregnancies can very rarely carry to full-term is because of the available space - there's nothing confining it. However, make no mistake that it's still an ectopic. These ectopics can still result in catastrophic hemorrhage such as through perforating an organ with its implantation and kill the mother.

Now there are very rare cases of ectopic pregnancies coming to full term, mostly abdominal ectopics for the reason stated above. Most fetuses will die because of insufficient blood supply or implantation. Others who make it often have major birth defects because of the above and the usually low amniotic fluid levels (the fluid the baby floats in). The mothers that carry out an ectopic pregnancy to term and survive with a healthy baby are lucky - like winning the lottery sort of lucky. Simple as that.

The usual outcomes of an untreated ectopic pregnancy is either spontaneous abortion or it grows and ruptures wherever it's located, risking the life of the mother. Ectopic pregnancies are the leading cause of the mother dying in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and account for 5-10% of all pregnancy related deaths. It is a big deal.

--

The notion that the speaker was using these incredibly rare cases of survival and using them to justify not having abortions for ectopic pregnancies is appalling - and presenting it as fact in a teaching institution even more so.

I stated in exact words that "that is the most absurd thing I've ever heard."

And when he tried to smugly double down by quoting papers about these rare case reports like they were the norm - and continued to argue that we should do watchful waiting and only intervene if there's problems, I figuratively slammed the door shut in his face.

Even putting aside the fact that ectopic pregnancies have almost virtually no chance to make it to viability, when these things rupture, you might not even get a chance to go to the hospital and just bleed to death. Pain is often one of the first signs that an ectopic pregnancy is there in the first place - that's the moment to intervene. When you have worsening pain past that, that could already mean it ruptured.

He then tried to argue that everyone deserves a chance. I asked him if everyone includes the mother, which made him bristle.

At that point, the veneer of friendliness fell away, and he demanded I leave the auditorium for interfering with his lecture. I told him in no uncertain terms that I was staying, and if he's going to try and pass off the rare as common, I am going to call him out every single time.

He ended up being the one walking out, calling me shameful and disrespectful and with no respect for life.

I let him have his parting comments.

The residents and I spent the next 3 minutes in silence before the other attending doctor dismissed them all - and just looked at me as if wanting to say something before shaking his head.

[dreaminginthedeepsouth]

The Rules of NMR

Recently a new student asked me “What are the Rules of NMR?”

I was flustered for a moment then my innovator/rebel answered, “There are no rules.” Since I did not follow a path in my studies that adopted someone else’s way of viewing the body, I’ve been able to innovate based on what the body tells me and I am seeing a HUGE IMPORTANCE for PRIORITIES in how we approach a problem to get the fastest possible results.

So yes, there are rules: the body’s rules = NMR’s Rules.

Here they are:

Correct the Sympathetic/Parasympathetic balance first. (Even that has Priorities)

1. Integration between R/L hemispheres of the Cortex. The fastest track to this starts with Brain Buttons http://www.neuromuscular-reprogramming.com/.../brain.../.

2. Space Buttons or CranioSacral Rebalancing or Polarity or Restorative Breathing can help the NS to deeply relax. The body’s ability to restore itself is optimized when we deeply relax. Hence periods of rest/relax are also good intertwined with your structural bodywork. Structural work is challenging to the NS, as we are pushing for change in a system that is committed to homeostasis. When there has been an accident or injury, this is paramount.

Reduce Torsions/Rotations in the Torso next:

Organize the base of the spine for reciprocal rotation in the waist/core pivot at T12/L1

Follow that with the Low Back and Hips Protocols for safely reprogramming the coordination sequencing of the hips and low back/core. (Detail of this to be found in the NMR Mod 1 Intro manual.)

Organize the Hips to Shoulders relationships before working on the shoulders and neck. This includes reducing torsions and insufficiencies in the diaphragm. Other than some general fact finding and massage warm up for the neck, changes will not be possible until the coordination issues in the torso are reduced. (Details on this can be found in the NMR Mod 2 manual)

Moving out from this basic level of organization one can begin to follow the client’s priorities.

The Thoraco/Cervical junction needs to be functional in order to change pain and dysfunction in the shoulders and neck.

Shoulders should be functionally rebalanced before working on elbow and wrist problems.

Hips should be functionally rebalanced on the way to working on knees and ankles and feet.

The Neck has its own priorities….Because of the complexity of neck issues the intricacies of reprogramming the neck in details are not explored until Mod 3 of the basic 72 hr, training and again in the NMR Advanced 30 hr in great detail.

Once big muscle support is available and relationships are functional one can start undoing the deep layers of detail in the soft tissue matrix of the body and even in the skeleton itself. The Reprogramming of the Spine is explored in Adv NMR also.

Contraindications:

Spot work. Too much in depth work in one area without a larger integration plan can be dangerous and leave clients in pain.

Releasing deep tension without an understanding of what it’s bracing for and strategy for providing the stability that requires it to be tight.

Digging to release spinal fixations. The spine responds best to support and movement instruction in the direction of its normal curvature and function.

(Neuromuscular Reprogramming)

[the-womanscompany]

Exercising during Pregnancy

Exercise may not be very high on the agenda of a lot of people, however if you want to exercise during pregnancy , it is important to know that it is completely safe. Just remember to consult your gynaecologist before commencing any exercise regime.

The best time to start exercising during pregnancy is any time after the first trimester. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) recommends 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise on most or all of the days of the week. However, if you have not exercised for a long time, you can start with small bouts of exercises (e.g. 15 minutes) and then gradually increase the duration of exercise.

You can keep your exercising up until the day of delivery, that is if your pregnancy is complication free. It depends completely on your comfort or whatever your doctor advises.

Remember comfort first when deciding what to wear while exercising. Loose clothes might come in your way while tight ones may be uncomfortable. So, find your balance.

Why should you consider exercising during pregnancy?

Pregnancy is no picnic so adding exercise to the mix may seem daunting in the start but it has its own benefits. Exercise:

Maintains healthy blood sugar levels and keeps blood pressure in check.

Eases and prevents body aches and injuries.

Speeds up your recovery process post-delivery and prevents post-partum musculoskeletal dysfunctions.

Boosts mood and reduces fatigue.

Improves blood supply to the baby and ensures better brain growth and oxygen levels during pregnancy.

Enables better performance during labour and delivery.

Exercise with caution, in case of:

Anaemia

Pregnancy induced high blood pressure.

Any other risk factors

And do not exercise if you have the following complications during your pregnancy:

Certain types of heart and lung diseases

Cervical Insufficiency

Placenta previa after 26 weeks of pregnancy

By The Womans Company

[waynejay]

Singapore Medical Group Limited (SMG Womens Health) - Antenatal Care for High-Risk Pregnancies

Antenatal care is necessary for the monitoring and management of pregnancies, especially those categorised as high-risk. It encompasses routine check-ups, screenings, and interventions safeguarding the health and welfare of the expectant mother and the developing foetus.

Explore the availability of antenatal care in Singapore and learn its importance in preventing complications and promoting favourable outcomes during pregnancy.

Identifying High-Risk Pregnancies

High-risk pregnancies are those with a chance of complications due to various factors such as maternal age, pre-existing medical conditions, or pregnancy-related issues. Identifying high-risk pregnancies immediately is critical. A pre-pregnancy check-up can help in assessing the risk factors before conception. During the initial stages of pregnancy, a pregnancy test in Singapore can confirm the pregnancy, after which the healthcare provider can begin a detailed assessment.

Importance of Regular Monitoring

Regular monitoring through antenatal care allows healthcare providers to track the progress of the pregnancy and detect potential complications early. The typical components of regular monitoring include:

Ultrasound Scans: These are essential for assessing foetal growth and development. In high-risk pregnancies, frequent ultrasounds may be necessary to monitor the baby closely.

Blood Pressure Checks: Hypertension can lead to serious complications such as preeclampsia. Regular blood pressure monitoring helps in early detection and management.

Blood Tests: These tests can identify issues like gestational diabetes or infections that could affect the pregnancy.

Role of a High-Risk Pregnancy Specialist

High-risk pregnancy specialists, also known as maternal-foetal medicine specialists, are necessary in managing high-risk pregnancies. These specialists have proper training and knowledge in handling complicated pregnancy situations. They work closely with the primary pregnancy doctor to develop and implement a tailored care plan. Their involvement includes:

Diagnostic Testing: High-risk pregnancy specialists may recommend additional tests, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, to diagnose genetic conditions or other abnormalities.

Medication Management: In cases where medication is required to manage conditions like hypertension or diabetes, the specialist ensures that both the mother's and baby's health are safeguarded.

Delivery Planning: High-risk pregnancy specialists help plan the delivery, including deciding on the timing and mode of delivery to minimise risks.

Preventing Preterm Birth

Preterm birth is a significant risk in high-risk pregnancies. Antenatal care aims to prolong the pregnancy to allow for better foetal development. Strategies to prevent preterm birth include:

Cervical Cerclage: A surgical procedure called cervical cerclage can help prevent premature dilation of the cervix for women with a history of cervical insufficiency.

Progesterone Therapy: Administering progesterone can help reduce the risk of preterm birth in certain high-risk cases.

Lifestyle Modifications: Recommendations on rest, nutrition, and activity levels will be provided by a pregnancy doctor to reduce the risk of preterm labour.

Managing Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a common complication in high-risk pregnancies. Antenatal care involves regular screening for glucose levels and managing blood sugar through:

Dietary Changes: Nutritional counselling to ensure a balanced diet that maintains blood sugar levels.

Medication: In some cases, insulin or other medications may be necessary to control blood sugar.

Monitoring Foetal Growth: Frequent ultrasounds to ensure the baby is growing at a healthy rate, as gestational diabetes can affect foetal growth.

Addressing Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by high blood pressure and damage to other organs. Antenatal care focuses on early detection and management through:

Blood Pressure Monitoring: Regular checks to detect elevated blood pressure early.

Proteinuria Tests: Testing for protein in the urine to diagnose preeclampsia.

Medication: Antihypertensive drugs may be prescribed to manage blood pressure.

Frequent Check-Ups: Close monitoring of both mother and baby to decide the ideal time for delivery.

Conclusion

Proper management of high-risk pregnancies and prevention of complications heavily rely on antenatal care. It is imperative to have regular monitoring, involve specialists in high-risk pregnancies, and implement proactive management strategies. Holistic access to antenatal care guarantees that high-risk pregnancies receive medical care, leading to safe outcomes for both the mother and the child. Timely pre-pregnancy check-ups, pregnancy tests, and coordinated care by pregnancy doctors and specialists are all necessary for successfully navigating the complexities associated with high-risk pregnancies.

Visit SMG Women’s Health, and don't leave your pregnancy journey to chance.

[kiraninfertilitycentre]

Understanding the Causes of Female Infertility

Infertility is a growing concern for many women worldwide, impacting their dreams of motherhood. Understanding the causes of infertility is crucial for seeking timely intervention and appropriate treatment. If you are facing fertility issues and looking for expert guidance, consider consulting the best infertility specialists at the best fertility clinic in Hyderabad. One renowned facility is Kiran Infertility Centre in Hyderabad, known for its comprehensive approach to diagnosing and treating infertility.

Common Causes of Infertility in Women

Ovulation Disorders

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a hormonal disorder causing irregular ovulation or the absence of ovulation, leading to infertility.

Hypothalamic Dysfunction: Disruptions in the hormonal signals from the brain can affect the release of eggs from the ovaries.

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Early depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 can cause infertility.

Fallopian Tube Damage or Blockage

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infections can cause inflammation and damage to the fallopian tubes.

Previous Surgeries: Surgeries in the pelvic region can lead to scar tissue that blocks the fallopian tubes.

Endometriosis: Endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus can cause blockages and impair fertility.

Uterine or Cervical Abnormalities

Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus can block the fallopian tubes or interfere with embryo implantation.

Polyps: Benign growths on the uterine lining can cause infertility.

Structural Abnormalities: Congenital or acquired abnormalities in the uterus or cervix can hinder conception and pregnancy.

Endometriosis

Endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus can cause inflammation, scarring, and adhesions, affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic structures.

Age-Related Factors

As women age, the quantity and quality of their eggs decline, reducing the chances of conception and increasing the risk of miscarriage.

Lifestyle and Environmental Factors

Smoking: Reduces ovarian function and can harm the fallopian tubes.

Alcohol Consumption: Excessive drinking can affect ovulation and hormone production.

Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt hormonal balance and ovulation.

Weight Issues: Both underweight and overweight conditions can affect menstrual cycles and ovulation.

Unexplained Infertility

In some cases, the exact cause of infertility cannot be determined despite thorough medical evaluations.

Seeking Help: The Best Fertility Clinic in Hyderabad

If you are experiencing infertility, seeking professional help is a critical step. The best fertility clinic in Hyderabad, such as Kiran Infertility Centre, offers cutting-edge treatments and compassionate care. This center is renowned for its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced reproductive technologies, and a team of the best infertility specialist in Hyderabad. They provide personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient's unique needs, enhancing the chances of successful conception.

Why Choose Kiran Infertility Centre in Hyderabad?

Experienced Specialists: The center boasts some of the best infertility specialists in Hyderabad, with extensive experience in treating complex fertility issues.

Comprehensive Services: From initial diagnosis to advanced treatments like IVF, ICSI, and IUI, the center offers a full spectrum of fertility services.

Patient-Centric Approach: The team at Kiran Infertility Centre provides empathetic and supportive care, ensuring a comfortable journey towards parenthood.

In conclusion, understanding the causes of infertility in women is the first step towards finding effective solutions. If you are seeking expert guidance, consider consulting the best infertility specialists at Kiran Infertility Centre in Hyderabad.

[shubhragoyal]

Introduction to High-Risk Pregnancy- What Does It Mean

Pregnancy can indeed be a joyous time, but it can also be overwhelming and stressful. Expectant mothers need to take care of themselves and their unborn babies. However, for some women, their pregnancy is considered high-risk.What is a high-risk pregnancy? It means the mother has an increased chance of experiencing complications during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and even after birth. Understanding this can help expectant mothers plan accordingly.Factors that contribute to high-risk pregnancy can vary from woman to woman. Some common factors include age, weight, medical history, and lifestyle choices. Awareness of these factors can help women make informed choices during this crucial time.So, let's dive deeper and understand what medical conditions can cause high-risk pregnancies and how to reduce the risks.So, let's get started!High Risk Pregnancy: Quick Overview!Pregnancy is a unique and beautiful journey, but it has challenges. As the name suggests, a high-risk pregnancy involves a higher likelihood of complications than a typical pregnancy. These complications can arise due to various factors, such as pre-existing medical conditions, age, or a history of pregnancy-related issues. Let's explore some common aspects that can categorize a pregnancy as high-risk.Factors that Contribute to High-Risk Pregnancy!Age is one of the factors that contribute to high-risk pregnancy. Women older than 35 are at increased risk. Other factors include Pre-existing medical conditions, Multiple pregnancies, substance abuse, and more.According to the insights, high-risk pregnancies accounted for 11.5% of all pregnancies, whereas moderate pregnancies accounted for 21.6%. 33.1% of pregnancies overall had high or medium risk.Pregnancy brings a lot of physical changes in a woman's body, making it more vulnerable to certain medical conditions. Some medical conditions that can cause high-risk pregnancy include hypertension, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia.1. HypertensionHypertension or high blood pressure is a condition in which the mother's blood pressure is higher than the ideal range. Hypertension can lead to complications such as preterm labor, low birth weight...2. Gestational DiabetesGestational diabetes is a condition that can really affects pregnant women who didn't have diabetes before pregnancy. It indeed leads to high blood sugar levels, which can indeed cause complications such as preterm labor, macrosomia or a giant baby, and respiratory distress syndrome.3. PreeclampsiaPreeclampsia is a condition that affects pregnant women after 20 weeks of gestation. It leads to high blood pressure and damage to organs like the kidneys and liver. Preeclampsia can cause complications such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and long-term health problems for both the mother and the baby.

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[vijay1225]

Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market Forecast 2024-2033

Overview and Scope The cervical cancer vaccine refers to a vaccine that is specifically developed to prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer by targeting the high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) that are responsible for most cases of cervical cancer. The vaccines stimulate an immune response in the body, producing antibodies that can recognize and neutralize the HPV virus.

Sizing and Forecast The cervical cancer vaccine market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $82.74 billion in 2023 to $88.39 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8%. The growth in the historic period can be attributed to awareness campaigns and education, government initiatives and vaccination programs, increased incidence of cervical cancer, healthcare provider recommendations, global efforts for women’s health..

The cervical cancer vaccine market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $117.01 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.3%. The growth in the forecast period can be attributed to expansion of vaccination coverage, integration into routine immunization programs, advancements in hpv testing and screening, global advocacy for hpv vaccination, rising focus on adolescent vaccination.. Major trends in the forecast period include incorporation of new adjuvants, integration of digital health platforms, innovative vaccine development, public-private partnerships, educational campaigns and advocacy..

Segmentation & Regional Insights The cervical cancer vaccine market covered in this report is segmented -

1) By Type: Cervarix, Gardasil, Gardasil 9 2) By Distribution Channels: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Online Pharmacies 3) By End-Users: Hospital, Biotechnology Company, Academic And Research Organizations, Other End-Users

North America was the largest region in the cervical cancer vaccine market in 2023. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the cervical cancer vaccine market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.

Major Driver Impacting Market Growth The rising prevalence of cervical cancer cases is expected to propel the growth of the cervical cancer vaccine market going forward. Cervical cancer refers to a type of cancer that affects the lower part of the uterus (womb), the cervix, which connects to the upper part of the vagina. The rising number of cervical cancer cases is mostly driven by a lack of Human papillomavirus vaccines (HPV) vaccination, a lack of hygiene, and insufficient awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer. Cervical cancer vaccines are highly effective in preventing the development of cervical cancer by targeting the high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). For instance, in January 2023, according to the American Cancer Society, a US-based nonprofit cancer advocacy organization, the number of cervical cancer cases reported in the US was 13,960. Therefore, the rising number of cervical cancer cases is driving the growth of the cervical cancer vaccine market.

Key Industry Players

Major companies operating in the cervical cancer vaccine market report are Pfizer Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co Inc., Novartis AG, Sanofi Pasteur, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Moderna Inc., BioNTech SE, CSL Limited, Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited, Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Bharat Biotech International Limited, Serum Institute of India (SII), Walvax Biotechnology Co Limited, Bavarian Nordic A/S, CureVac N.V, Profectus Biosciences Inc., Genexine Inc., Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Aston Scientific Inc., Ultimovacs ASA, Nykode Therapeutics AS, Heat Biologics Inc., Northwest Biotherapeutics Inc., VBI Vaccines Inc., OncBioMune Pharmaceuticals Inc., Advaxis Inc., Immunovaccine Inc.

The cervical cancer vaccine market report table of contents includes:

1. Executive Summary 2. Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market Characteristics 3. Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market Trends And Strategies 4. Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market — Macro Economic Scenario 5. Global Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market Size and Growth . . . 31. Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market Other Major And Innovative Companies 32. Global Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market Competitive Benchmarking 33. Global Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market Competitive Dashboard 34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market 35. Cervical Cancer Vaccine Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

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[drambikachestclinic]

How does cystic fibrosis impact adults?

Impact of Cystic Fibrosis on Adults

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems, but it can also have implications for other parts of the body. With advancements in treatment and care, more people with CF are living into adulthood. However, managing the condition in adults involves dealing with a range of challenges and complications.

Respiratory System

Chronic Lung Infections: Adults with CF often experience recurrent lung infections due to thick, sticky mucus that traps bacteria. Common pathogens include Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Reduced Lung Function: Over time, repeated infections and inflammation can lead to a decline in lung function, making breathing more difficult.

Bronchiectasis: The airways become permanently widened, leading to persistent cough, mucus production, and further infections.

Respiratory Failure: In severe cases, lung damage can progress to the point where the lungs cannot provide adequate oxygen to the body, requiring advanced interventions like oxygen therapy or lung transplantation.

Digestive System

Pancreatic Insufficiency: Thick mucus can block the ducts of the pancreas, preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the intestines. This leads to malabsorption of nutrients, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.

Diabetes: CF-related diabetes (CFRD) is common in adults due to the damage to the pancreas. It shares characteristics of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Liver Disease: Blockages in the bile ducts can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension.

Intestinal Issues: CF can cause intestinal blockages, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and distal intestinal obstructive syndrome (DIOS).

Reproductive System

Infertility: Most men with CF are infertile due to congenital absence of the vas deferens, which carries sperm from the testes. However, assisted reproductive technologies can help achieve pregnancy.

Reduced Fertility in Women: Thick cervical mucus can make it harder for sperm to reach the egg, but many women with CF can still conceive naturally or with assistance.

Musculoskeletal System

Osteoporosis: Due to malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D, adults with CF are at higher risk for osteoporosis and fractures.

Arthritis: Some adults may develop CF-related arthritis or musculoskeletal pain.

Psychosocial Impact

Mental Health: The chronic nature of CF can lead to anxiety, depression, and stress. The need for continuous treatment and hospitalizations can impact quality of life.

Social and Work Life: Managing CF often requires time-consuming treatments and frequent medical appointments, which can interfere with work and social activities.

Treatment and Management

Medications:

Bronchodilators: To open the airways.

Mucolytics: To thin mucus.

Antibiotics: To treat and prevent infections.

Pancreatic Enzymes: To aid digestion.

CFTR Modulators: Target the defective protein in CF and improve its function.

Airway Clearance Techniques: Daily physiotherapy to clear mucus from the lungs.

Nutritional Support: High-calorie diet, vitamin supplements, and enzyme replacements.

Exercise: Regular physical activity to maintain lung function and overall health.

Psychological Support: Counseling or therapy to help manage the emotional aspects of living with CF.

Advanced Therapies: Lung transplantation may be an option for those with severe lung disease.

Conclusion

While cystic fibrosis poses significant challenges for adults, ongoing advancements in medical care and treatment strategies are helping many individuals manage their condition more effectively and lead fuller lives. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary care is essential to address the complex needs of adults with CF, including respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and psychosocial aspects. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers specialized in CF care is crucial for optimizing health outcomes and maintaining quality of life.