#Bep Voskuijl
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Book 26 of the 50 book challenge. The Last Secret of the Secret Annex by Joop Van Wijk- Voskuijl and Jeroen De Bruyn. The authors were mainly writing about Bep Voskuijl who was one of the helpers for the Secret Annex but they also talked about the other helpers, plus Anne, Margot, Edith and Otto Frank and some about the other family and the dentist who were hidden in the building. It’s a very good book and one of Bep’s sisters was involved with Nazis during the war and may have been the one who turned them in, but nobody knows for certain who are still alive. It’s a really good book. Joop is the youngest son of Bep born in 1949. If you’re interested at all in the Frank family or read Anne’s diary, you may like this book.
#book 26#50 book challenge#2023#the last secret of the secret annex#Joop van wijk Voskuijl#Holocaust#wwii#the Netherlands#the secret annex#antisemitism#the diary of anne frank#Otto Frank#miep gies#Bep Voskuijl#book#me
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Anne Frank - ABC - May 20 - 21, 2001
AKA Anne Frank: The Whole Story
Biographical Drama (2 episodes)
Running Time: 190 minutes total
Stars:
Hannah Taylor-Gordon as Anne Frank
Jessica Manley as Margot Frank
Tatjana Blacher as Edith Frank
Ben Kingsley as Otto Frank
Joachim Król as Hermann van Pels
Brenda Blethyn as Auguste van Pels
Nicholas Audsley as Peter van Pels
Jan Niklas as Fritz Pfeffer
Branka Katic as Charlotte Kaletta
Lili Taylor as Miep Gies
Rob Das as Jan Gies
Peter Bolhuis as Victor Kugler
Johannes Silberschneider as Johannes Kleiman
Ela Lehotska (acting) and Suzanne Friedline (voice) as Bep Voskuijl
Jade Williams as Hanna Goslar
Dominique Horwitz as Hans Goslar
Victoria Anne Brown as Jacqueline van Maarsen
Cees Geel as Wilhelm van Maaren
Jeff Caster as Lammert Hartog
Klára Issová as Janny Brandes-Brilleslijper
Robert Russell as Mr. Keesing
Michaela Horakova as Susanne "Sanne" Ledermann
Holger Daemgen as Karl Silberbauer
#Anne Frank: The Whole Story#TV#ABC#2001#2000's#Biographical Drama#Ben Kingsley#Brenda Blethyn#Hannah Taylor-Gordon#Tatjana Blatcher#Joachim Krol#Jessica Manley#Nick Audsley#Jan Nicklas#Lili Taylor
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Bep Voskuijl
Elisabeth "Bep" Voskuijl was born in Amsterdam in 1919. For two years, Voskuijl helped hide Anne Frank and her family in the Secret Annex. The youngest of the Frank family's helpers, she brought them milk, bread, and course materials. After the war, she often refused interviews, and was not comfortable with the attention that she received for helping the Frank family.
Bep Voskuijl died in 1983 at the age of 63.
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Em 14 de junho de 1942, Anne Frank começava a escrever regularmente em seu diário, que havia recebido de presente dois dias antes, ao completar 13 anos. No livro, documentaria o tempo que passou escondida dos nazistas. O diário de Annelies Frank, um caderno de capa quadriculada nas cores vermelho, laranja e cinza, tornou-se um dos símbolos do martírio judeu durante o regime de Hitler. Hoje está entre os mais conhecidos do mundo. Já foi transformado em filme e traduzido para 55 idiomas. Annelies, chamada pelos pais de Anne, nasceu em 12 de junho de 1929 em Frankfurt, filha do comerciante judeu Otto Frank. Em 1933, após a ascensão dos nazistas ao poder na Alemanha, emigrou com a família para Amsterdã, na Holanda.
Ela começou a escrever regularmente no seu diário a partir de 14 de junho de 1942. Em princípio, o tema era a Holanda ocupada pelos nazistas, que tornavam a situação dos judeus cada vez mais insuportável. Algumas semanas depois, ela começou a narrar ao diário, que considerava fiel amigo e confidente, o cotidiano no esconderijo, um anexo nos fundos da firma do pai.
Angústia no esconderijo
Junto aos pais e à irmã de Anne, escondiam-se ali mais quatro pessoas do envio certo ao campo de concentração. Foram 25 meses de necessidades e medo de serem descobertos a qualquer momento. O "mergulho" (como na época se chamava a passagem de judeus para a existência na ilegalidade) já estava sendo planejado há muito tempo por Otto Frank e alguns dos seus funcionários, Miep Gies, Johannes Kleiman, Victor Krugler e Bep Voskuijl.
Durante dois anos, eles protegeram e alimentaram a família Frank, os Van Pels e Fritz Pfeffer. A tensão no anexo era enorme. Qualquer pequeno descuido poderia traí-los e levá-los à morte. Durante o dia, só se podia andar de cócoras e sussurrar. Durante a noite, todos os cuidados eram necessários para que a vizinhança não suspeitasse que ali havia oito judeus escondidos.
A Vida em silêncio absoluto
Surpreendendo pela sua maturidade, apesar dos 13 anos, Anne descreveu seu cotidiano com pormenores: a preocupação diária com a possível falta de comida, em certos momentos mesmo a fome, mas acima de tudo o horror de serem descobertos.
Miep Gies, uma das pessoas que mais ajudou os Frank nesta época, lembra que com frequência visitava os clandestinos, levando notícias e conforto: "Eles não podiam fazer barulho para não serem descobertos, o que significava não puxar a descarga no banheiro, andar descalço, ficar sentado..." Curiosamente, Anne nunca perdeu a esperança e a alegria de viver. Acreditou sempre que as coisas iriam melhorar e fazia projetos para quando chegasse a liberdade. Sonhava com o retorno à escola e queria tornar-se escritora. Com esse propósito, em 1944 começou a reescrever o começo do diário, para uma futura publicação. As narrações eram dirigidas a uma amiga fictícia, a quem inclusive deu um nome.
"Querida Kitty, imagine que interessante seria se eu escrevesse um romance aqui na casa dos fundos. Pelo título, as pessoas pensariam tratar-se de um caso de detetive. Mas, falando sério, cerca de dez anos depois do fim da guerra, vai parecer esquisito quando se disser como nós judeus vivemos, comemos e conversamos aqui. Não quero ter vivido inutilmente, como a maioria das pessoas. Quero continuar vivendo, mesmo depois da minha morte. "
Ninguém no esconderijo tinha conhecimento desta faceta na vida de Anne nem sabiam do diário. Mep Gies, que evitou que o caderno caísse nas mãos da Gestapo, entregou o diário, sem lê-lo, ao pai de Anne, o único da família que sobreviveu, e que acabou publicando a obra, intitulada O Diário de Anne Frank.
O próprio pai, grande amigo e confidente de Anne, ficou surpreso com as narrações. O sonho de tornar-se conhecida acabou se concretizando, só que ela não conseguiu desfrutá-lo. No dia 4 de agosto, os "mergulhados" foram presos pela Gestapo. Anne e a irmã, Margot, morreram de tifo em março de 1945 no campo de concentração de Bergen-Belsen, perto de Hannover.
O sonho de Anne era ser jornalista ou escritora. Graças ao pai, seu diário foi publicado pela primeira vez em 1947, com o título "Das Hinterhaus"("A casa dos fundos"). Depois, vieram diversas edições e traduções, e Anne tornou-se símbolo das vítimas do nazismo. "Todos vivemos com o objetivo de sermos felizes. Vivemos de maneira diferente e igual ao mesmo tempo", escreveu em 6 de julho de 1944.
Boa tarde! Lucas Lima
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Novas Revelações Sobre Elisabeth Voskuijl: A Possível Traidora da Família Frank
O jornalista belga Jeroen De Bruyn, movido por uma paixão que remonta à sua infância, dedicou cerca de 15 anos para investigar a vida de Elisabeth Voskuijl, conhecida como Bep, uma das protetoras da família Frank durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com o lançamento de seu novo livro, “O Último Segredo de Anne Frank: A História Não Contada de Anne Frank, de Sua Protetora Silenciosa e de uma Traição…
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I'm conflicted about 'A Small Light'. It isn't wholly unique except in the fact it tells the story of the Franks in hiding from a completely different perspective: that of Otto Frank's secretary, Miep Gies (who actually passed only 13 years ago at the age of 100) along with her husband, Jan, and her coworker, Bep Voskuijl. We have Anne Frank's diary thanks entirely to Miep, who held onto it with little hope any of the Franks would return for it.
But A Small Light does follow the facts very closely, which is appreciated. Down to the small detail of Miep's efforts just to get enough food for 8 people in ways that wouldn't make people suspicious.
#also bel powley looks like a younger mia kirshner and it's kinda throwing me off lmao#a small light tag
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Remembering ~ Anne Frank
Anne was a German girl and Jewish victim of the Holocaust who is famous for keeping a diary of her experiences. She is one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Anne's diary from June 1942 to August 1944 is regarded as the most famous personal account of the Holocaust.
Anne Frank and her family went into hiding in Amsterdam in 1942 to escape persecution under Nazi occupation. She gained fame posthumously with the 1947 publication of The Diary of a Young Girl (originally Het Achterhuis in Dutch, lit. 'the back house'; English: The Secret Annex), in which she documents her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944, during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II.
During World War II, Anne Frank hid from Nazi persecution with her family and four other people in hidden rooms, in the rear building, of the 17th-century canal house, later known as the Secret Annex.
From 1942 to 1944, eight people all lived in the Secret Annex.
Otto Frank, wife Edith, children Margot and Anne Frank. The van Pels family, Hermann, wife Auguste, and son Peter. They were also joined by Frtiz Pheffer.
They were completely dependent on six helpers; employees and friends of Anne's father. The helpers provided food and clothing, as well as books, magazines and newspapers.
The six helpers were, Victor Kugler, Johannes Kleiman, Johan Voskuijl and wife Bep and Jan Gies and wife Miep.
While in hiding, her family was betrayed two years later by Willem Gerardus van Maaren (the person most often suggested as the betrayer of Anne Frank) Her family was sent to concentration camps at Auschwitz and later Belson.
The only surviving person in the Frank family was Anne’s father Otto. Edith Frank died of starvation at Auschwitz in January 1945. Margot and Anne Frank died of spotted typhus in February 1945 and their bodies thrown into a mass grave.
Hermann van Pels died in the gas chambers in October 1944, wife Auguste died at the Theresienstadt concentration camp of typhus in 1945 and son Peter van Pels died at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria in May 1945.
Fritz Pheffer died of a gastrointestinal infection at Neuengamme concentration camp in 1944.
Born Annelies Marie Frank on June 12, 1929 in Frankfort, Germany and died circa February 1945 at Bergen- Belson concentration camp, Nazi, Germany at the age of 15 (three months before her 16th birthday)
Read more here: https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/
#anne frank#jewish#holocaust#love#secret annex#dutch#germany#world war II#auschwitz#belson#bergen-belson
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Prefácio
Anne Frank escreveu um diário entre 12 de junho de 1942 e 1° de agosto de 1944. A princípio, guardava-o para si mesma. Até que, certo dia de 1944, Gerrit Bolkestein, membro do governo holandês no exílio, declarou em transmissão radiofônica que, depois da guerra, esperava recolher testemunhos oculares do sofrimento do povo holandês sob ocupação alemã e que estes pudessem ser postos à disposição do público. Referiu-se especificamente a cartas e diários.
Impressionada com aquele discurso, Anne Frank decidiu que publicaria um livro a partir de seu diário, quando a guerra terminasse. Assim, começou a reescrever e a organizar o diário, melhorando o texto, omitindo passagens que não achava tão interessantes e acrescentando outras de memória. Ao mesmo tempo, continuava a redigir seu diário original. The Diary of Anne Frank: The Critical Edition (1989), o primeiro diário de Anne, sem cortes, é citado como versão a, para distingui-lo do segundo, com alterações, conhecido como versão b.
A última anotação do diário de Anne data de 1° de agosto de 1944. Três dias depois, em 4 de agosto, as oito pessoas que se escondiam no Anexo Secreto foram presas. Miep Gies e Bep Voskuijl, as duas secretárias que trabalhavam no prédio, encontraram as folhas do diário de Anne espalhadas pelo chão. Miep Gies guardou-as numa gaveta. Depois da guerra, quando não havia mais dúvidas de que Anne estava morta, ela deu o diário, sem lê-lo, ao pai da menina, Otto Frank.
Após longa deliberação, Otto Frank decidiu realizar o desejo da filha de publicar o diário. Ele selecionou material das versões a e b, organizando-as numa versão mais concisa, posteriormente citada versão c. Leitores do mundo inteiro conhecem essa versão como O diário de Anne Frank.
Otto Frank levou em conta vários aspectos ao tomar essa decisão. Para começar, o livro tinha de ser curto, para adequar-se a uma coleção publicada pelo editor holandês. Além disso, omitiam-se várias passagens que tratavam da sexualidade de Anne; na época da primeira publicação do diário, em 1947, não se costumava escrever abertamente sobre sexo, muito menos em livros para jovens. Em respeito aos mortos, Otto Frank também omitiu várias passagens pouco elogiosas sobre sua mãe e os outros moradores do Anexos Secreto. Anne Frank, então com 13 anos quando começou o diário e 15 quando foi forçada a parar, escreveu sem reservas sobre as coisas de que gostava ou não gostava.
Quando morreu, em 1980, Otto Frank deixou os manuscritos da filha para o Instituto Estatal Holandês para Documentação de Guerra, em Amsterdã. Como se questionava a autenticidade do diário desde a sua primeira publicação, o Instituto para Documentação de Guerra mandou fazer uma profunda investigação. Assim que foi considerado autêntico, sem qualquer sombra de dúvida, publicou-se o diário na íntegra, juntamente com os resultados de um estudo exaustivo. The Critical Edition contém não somente as versões a, b e c, mas também artigos sobre o passado da família Frank, as circunstâncias relativas à sua prisão e deportação e o exame da caligrafia de Anne, do documento e dos materiais usados.
A Anne Frank-Fonds (Fundação Anne Frank) na Basileia, na Suíça, que como única herdeira de Otto Frank também recebera os direitos autorais de sua filha, optou por uma edição nova e ampliada do diário, para os leitores em geral. Esta nova edição não afeta absolutamente a integridade da antiga, editada por Otto Frank, que levou o diário e sua mensagem a milhões de pessoas. A tarefa de compilar a edição ampliada ficou a cargo da escritora e tradutora Mirjam Pressler. A seleção original de Otto Frank foi então acrescida de trechos das versões a e b de Anne. A edição integral de Mirjam Pressler, aprovada pela Fundação Anne Frank, contém uns 30% a mais de material e pretende dar ao leitor uma ideia melhor do mundo de Anne Frank.
Em 1998, veio à luz a existência de cinco páginas anteriormente desconhecidas do diário. Com a permissão da Fundação Anne Frank, uma longa passagem datada 8 de fevereiro de 1944 foi então acrescentada ao fim da anotação já existente naquela data. Uma curta alternativa à anotação de 20 de junho de 1942 não foi incluída aqui porque uma versão mais detalhada desse mesmo dia já faz parte do diário. Além disso, em razão das descobertas de 1998, a anotação de 7 de novembro de 1942 passou para 30 de outubro de 1943. Para mais informações, o leitor pode recorrer à quinta edição da The Critical Edition holandesa revisada (De Dagboeken van Anne Frank, Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie, Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, 2001).
Ao escrever a segunda versão (b), Anne criou pseudônimos para as pessoas que figurariam em seu livro. Inicialmente, quis chamar a si própria de Anne Aulis e, mais tarde, de Anne Robin. Otto frank optou por chamar os membros de sua família pelos próprios nomes e acatar a vontade de Anne com relação aos demais. Com o passar dos anos, a identidade das pessoas que ajudaram as famílias do Anexo Secreto tornou-se amplamente conhecida. Na presente edição, as pessoas que ajudaram aparecem com os nomes verdadeiros, como merecem. Todas as outras figuram com os pseudônimos usados em The Critical Edition. O Instituto para Documentação de guerra designou iniciais arbitrariamente para as pessoas que preferiram continuar anônimas.
Os nomes verdadeiros das outras pessoas que estavam escondidas no Anexo Secreto são:
A Família van Pels
(De Osnabrück, Alemanha)
Auguste van Pels (nascido em 9 de setembro de 1900)
Hermann van Pels (nascido em 31 de março de 1898)
Peter van Pels (nascido em 8 de novembro de 1926)
Chamados por Anne, em seu manuscrito, de: Petronella, Hans e Alfred van Daan; e, no livro, de: Petronella, Hermann e Peter van Daan.
Fritz Pfeffer
(nascido em 30 de abril de 1889, Giessen, Alemanha): Chamado por Anne, em seu manuscrito e no livro, de Albert Dussel.
O leitor pode ter em mente que boa parte desta edição se baseia na versão b do diário de Anne, que ela escreveu quando estava com cerca de 15 anos. Às vezes, Anne voltava e comentava uma passagem que escrevera antes. Esses comentários estão bem marcados nesta edição. Naturalmente, a grafia e os erros de linguagem de Anne foram corrigidos. Afora isso, o texto foi preservado basicamente como ela escreveu, posto que qualquer tentativa de alterá-lo e torná-lo mais claro que seria inadequada em uma documento histórico.
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Joe Sommerlad,The Independent•June 12, 2019
Anne Frank, the Jewish schoolgirl whose diaries of her time in hiding during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands stand as one of the most significant documents to arise from the Holocaust, would have celebrated her 90th birthday on 12 June.
The Frank family had relocated to Amsterdam in 1934 to escape rising antisemitism in their native Frankfurt, part of a mass exodus that saw some 300,000 Jews flee Adolf Hitler's Germany between 1933 and 1939.
Settling in an apartment on Merwedeplein in the neighbourhood of Rivierenbuurt, Otto and Edith Frank and their daughters Margot and Anne adjusted to their new surroundings relatively comfortably at first.
Otto Frank supported his family by working for Opteka Works, a company which produced a gelling agent used for making jam, before starting a second business known as Pectacon selling herbs, pickling salts and spices. Anne attended a Montessori school, learned Dutch and easily made friends, demonstrating a particular aptitude for reading and writing.
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Hitler’s Germany took the Netherlands on 15 May 1940, the occupying government moving quickly to introduce the same prejudicial laws the Franks had already been subjected to in Frankfurt, including mandatory registration and public segregation. Jews were barred from public transport, parks, cinemas and non-Jewish shops and made to wear a Star of David to identify themselves.
When the state attempted to confiscate Otto’s businesses, he transferred his shares to a gentile friend, Johannes Kleiman, and resigned as director. Another friend, Jan Gies, assumed control of assets belonging to Opteka and Pectacon, allowing Otto’s interests to survive.
Margot and Anne had meanwhile been removed from their respective schools and sent to the Jewish Lyceum. Unnerved but undeterred, Anne celebrated her 13th birthday and received a red-and-white plaid autograph book, an item she planned to use as a diary to record her thoughts and feelings.
A month later, Margot received a letter from the Central Office for Jewish Emigration ordering her to report to a labour camp.
On 6 July 1942, Otto Frank moved the family into a secret annexe he had furnished at the rear of his workplace on Prinsengracht with a view to using it as an emergency hiding place. They were soon joined in their three-floor hideaway, its entrance concealed behind a bookcase, by Hermann, Auguste and Peter van Pels and then in November by Fritz Pfeffer, a dentist and friend of the family.
Klieman and Gies would again come to the family’s aid, the pair part of a trusted circle who knew the truth about the Franks’ sudden disappearance that also included Jan’s wife Miep, Johan Voskuijl, the latter’s daughter Bep and Victor Kugler, employees of the firm. This collective would support the Franks, Van Pels and Pfeffer throughout their confinement, supplying them with food and news of the war.
Until the Gestapo stormed the annexe on 4 August 1944, arresting the occupants, jailing their assistants and dispatching the Frank family to Auschwitz-Birkenau, Anne found solace in her diary.
In addressing the journal directly as “Dear Kitty”, as though composing a letter, Anne was actually imagining writing to Kitty Francken, a fictional character recurring in Cissy van Marxveldt’s popular series of Joop ter Heul books for young girls that appeared between 1919 and 1925.
In it, she recorded her most intimate thoughts and feelings. “I feel bad for lying in a warm bed, while my dearest friends are out there somewhere, thrown or fallen to the ground. And that only because they are Jews,” she wrote on 19 November 1942.
She recounted her tensions with her roommate, Pfeffer, with whom she fought for access to their shared writing desk, the older man wanting it for his study of foreign languages. “Stay calm, this fellow isn’t worth worrying your head about!” Anne wrote in exasperation on 13 July 1943, later detailing his petulant refusal to speak to her for two days or sit with her at dinner after a falling out.
Anne had covered the bare walls of their room with photographs of Hollywood movie stars and royalty clipped from magazines like Libelle. Those pictures of women like Norma Shearer, Greta Garbo and the princesses Elizabeth and Margaret offer a glimpse of the dreamworld in which she lived and her teenage fantasies of how her life might turn out after the war was won.
Just last year, we learned something new about her developing sexuality during the period when the Anne Frank House used new digital scanning technology to read behind the brown paper she had pasted over entries she was embarrassed by. The secret passages found Anne musing on the mechanics of sex, contraception, menstruation and prostitution.
Anne was also an astute observer of everything that went on as cabin fever set in between her family and the Van Pels: “Daddy goes about with his lips tightly pursed, when anyone speaks to him, he looks up startled, as is he is afraid he will have to patch up some tricky relationship again... Quite honestly, I sometimes forget who we are quarrelling with and with whom we’ve made it up.”
Anne often feuded with her mother during their two years cooped up together, Edith more inclined towards despair than her daughter. The Van Pels also fought while Margot was more withdrawn, quietly keeping a diary of her own.
When she heard a Radio Oranje broadcast from the Dutch government in exile in London appealing for citizens to keep hold of their records of the war, Anne was inspired to rewrite her journal entries into a consistent narrative, calling it Het Achterhuis (The Secret Annexe).
She later reflected on the importance of committing her inner life to paper, writing on 5 April 1944: “No one who doesn’t write can know how fine it is. And if I don’t have the talent to write for newspapers or books, well then I can always go on writing for myself.”
Anne Frank would no doubt have been both delighted and stunned to learn of the publishing sensation her diary would become after it was salvaged by Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl following her death from typhus at Bergen-Belsen in February 1945, aged just 15.
Her father was the only member of the family to survive the Holocaust and only came to read his youngest daughter’s prodigious output in the aftermath of the Allied victory, deeply moved by the realisation of how integral it had been to her endurance.
Otto Frank ensured The Diary of a Young Girl reached publication in 1947 - it would be read around the world and translated into 70 languages - but returned to Amsterdam only to marry a fellow survivor, Elfriede Geiringer, living the rest of his life in Basel, Switzerland. Staying on was just too painful.
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Wrong dolt I read her book multiple times since 4th grade, watched documentaries with her friends and Miep Gies talking about her and her family, read everything from the Anne Frank House, listened to, read Holocaust survivors's stories, & watched a plethora of documentaries about the Holocaust. A Jewish classmate's grandmother came to our literature class in middle and high school. She talked about surviving the Holocaust and showed us where the Nazis tattooed her arm.
No you're the brainless dotard lying and imposing your racist beliefs onto Anne Frank. Those ( Miep Gies, Jan Gies, Victor Kugler, Johannes Kleiman, Bep Voskuijl, & Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl, all non Jews) who hid her & her family, the Van Pels, & Fritz Pfeffer did not betray them. Proven here:
https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/go-in-depth/was-anne-frank-betrayed/
Anne Frank did not hate non Jewish people. She was friends with Lucia van Dijk, Rie Swillens & Gertrud Naumann, non Jews.
Anne Frank with friends during her 10th birthday
Left: Lucia van Dijk
2nd Left: Anne Frank
Girl in Center w dark pleated skirt: Kathe "Kitty" Egyedi
3rd From Right: Mary Bos
2nd From Right: Rie Swillens
Tall Girl in Center: Juultje Ketellaper
Far Right: Martha van den Berg
Frank was close to Bep Voskuijl. She loved people. Don't put your hate and abhorrent hate-mongering on her. She still believed in humanity.
@aimmyarrowshigh
#happy birthday anne frank#anne frank#happy pride month#if you don't know about anne frank or the holocaust learn and research#if you dont know about pride month and lgbtqia+ learn and research
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La casa con número 263 (y la que está al lado con número 265, que fue comprada más tarde por el museo) fue construida por Dirk van Delft en 1635. La fachada que da al canal data de una renovación posterior de 1740,[3] cuando el anexo trasero fue demolido y se construyó un edificio más alto en su lugar. Fue originalmente una residencia privada, luego un almacén, y en el siglo XIX el almacén frontal con amplias puertas que sirvió de establo para albergar caballos. Al inicio del siglo XX, el edificio fue ocupado por un productor de artículos para el hogar, seguido en 1930 por un productor de rollos de piano que lo dejó en 1939. El 1 de diciembre de 1940 el padre de Ana, Otto Heinrich Frank movió las oficinas de la compañía de especias y conservas en la que trabajaba, Opekta y Pectacon, de esta dirección en el canal Singel a Prinsengracht 263.
La planta baja consistía de tres secciones; al frente tenía los bienes y la entrada para entregas, detrás estaba la sección intermedia donde las especias se molían y, al fondo, el almacén donde los bienes estaban almacenados para su distribución. En el primer piso estaban las oficinas de los empleados de Frank; Miep Gies, Bep Voskuijl y Johannes Kleiman en la oficina frontal; Victor Kugler en la de en medio; con Otto Frank en la oficina del anexo sobre el almacén y bajo los pisos que luego los esconderían junto con su familia por dos años hasta su descubrimiento por las autoridades nazis.
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Annelies Marie Frank (Ana Frank)
Ana Frank (1941)
Annelies Marie Frank; mundialmente conocida gracias al diario de Ana Frank, la edición en forma de libro de su diario íntimo.
Nació en Fráncfort del Meno (nombrada como Fráncfort solamente) el doce de junio de mil novecientos veintinueve (1929).
Fue la hija pequeña de Otto Heinrich Frank, teniente del ejército Germano en la primera guerra mundial.
Su hermana Margot, era tres años mayor.
Tras la subida de Hitler al poder, la familia Frank tuvo que mudarse a Ámsterdam, Holanda, debido a sus orígenes judíos.
Ya instalados en Ámsterdam, su padre Otto abrirá la empresa Opekta y Ana irá al jardín de infancia Montessori.
Serán unos años tranquilos y felices para los Frank, hasta que en mil novecientos treinta y nueve (1939) comienza la invasión Nazi de Holanda.
Cuando Ana tenía diez años su vida fue cambiando. Tuvo que dejar su escuela para ir al liceo judío por orden de los Nazis.
Perdió así todo contacto con sus amigos que no eran judíos pero se fue adaptando poco a poco, consiguiendo nuevos amigos e intentando llevar una vida más tranquila posible.
Unos años más tarde, con la amenaza de los campos de concentración, la familia Frank intentaba mantener la normalidad dentro de las circunstancias.
El doce de junio de mil novecientos cuarenta y dos (1942), Otto le regaló un cuaderno a Ana por su cumpleaños.
Ana lo recibió muy emocionada y empezó a escribir en el su día a día.
Un mes después, Margot; su hermana recibió un requerimiento para los campos de concentración y esta fue la gota que colmó el vaso para que la familia Frank adelantara sus planes para esconderse de la Gestapo; la policía secreta del tercer Reich.
Ana Frank fotografiada en su escuela (1940)
Otto había estado trabajando en un plan para que él y su familia estuvieran a salvo y lo llevó a cabo con la ayuda de cuatro trabajadores de confianza; Víctor Kugler (algunos escritos más viejos lo llaman Kraler), Johannes Kleiman (Koophuis en el diario original de Ana), Miep Gies (Hermine "Miep" Santrouschitz-Gies) y Elisabeth ''Bep'' Voskuijl.
El nueve de junio de mil novecientos cuarenta y dos (1942), la familia Frank, simulando una huida suiza, abandonó su casa dejándola patas arriba.
Se escondieron en la Het Achterhuis; la casa de atrás, que situaba encima del despacho de Otto Frank y que estaba unido al edificio de la compañía del padre de Ana por una portezuela escondida detrás de una estantería.
El anexo estaba formado por tres habitaciones, un baño completo, un salón y un desván.
A finales de ese mismo mes (a la semana) se les unió la familia van Pels y en noviembre de ese mismo año el dentista Fritz Pfeffer (Dr. Friedrich Pfeffer o Albert Dussel).
Será a partir de aquí cuando el diario toma un papel importante. La escritura le servía como vía de escape para poder ir sobrellevando el encierro voluntario de ocho personas y el miedo constante a que la Gestapo los descubriera y además se convirtió en un relato en primera persona de la tragedia que vivió su familia.
Durante dos años, Ana contará su día a día en el anexo de atrás. Sus altibajos con su compañero de habitación; el dentista, su buena relación con su padre y su hermana y la no tan buena con su madre.
Frank contará su transición de niña a mujer y sus florecientes sentimientos amorosos que sentía por Peter, el hijo de los van Pels y que él correspondía, así como sus sueños, creencias y la manera en que ella percibía la naturaleza humana.
Dos años de relatos cotidianos de días monótonos, donde sólo los trabajadores de Otto aportaban un aire fresco con sus noticias y sus historias del exterior.
Pero; el cuatro de agosto de mil novecientos cuarenta y cuatro (1944), la Gestapo asaltó la casa de atrás, gracias a un informador que nunca fue identificado.
A partir de aquí, la familia Frank es trasladada por ferrocarril a Westerbork; un campo de paso y luego son deportados a Auschwitz.
Lápida de Ana Frank y Margot Frank, en Bergen-Belsen
Aquí Otto será separado de su mujer e hijas para nunca más volver a verlas. En ese momento Ana ya había cumplido quince años, edad que la salvará de la cámara gas nada más llegara al campo de concentración.
Margot y Ana serán seleccionadas para la reubicación en el Bergen-Belsen. Para ello las desnudarán, les raparán el pelo para desinfectarlas y les tatuarán el número en el brazo.
Por el contrario Edith; su madre nunca saldrá de Auschwitz.
Debido a los trabajos forzados y a las malas condiciones de higiene y hacinamiento, las enfermedades se propagan rápidamente.
En febrero de mil novecientos cuarenta y cinco (1945), una epidemia de Tifus mata a diecisiete mil (17.000) de los presos. Entre ellos a Margot, que debilitada, cae de la litera donde estaba y muere debido al golpe.
Y unos días más tarde Ana morirá de Tifus. Justo unas semanas antes de que el ejército Británico liberara el campo.
Solamente Otto Frank sobrevivirá al holocausto.
De vuelta en Ámsterdam; Miep Gies le dará el diario de su querida Ana. Otto; después de quedar asombrado por el contenido del diario y siguiendo el deseo de su hija, decide publicarlo en mil novecientos cuarenta y siete (1947) bajo el nombre de Het Achterhuis (La casa de atrás).
El diario de Ana Frank, se convertirá en uno de los libros más leídos de la historia.
Ha sido traducido a más de sesenta idiomas y ha vendido más de treinta millones (30.000.000) de ejemplares.
El testimonio desgarrador de una niña que sufrió el terror del nazismo en primera persona.
Ana Frank es y seguirá siendo uno de los iconos universales del horror vivido bajo el tercer reich.
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Otto Frank, el único miembro del Anexo Secreto que sobrevivió al Holocausto, con los ayudantes en la oficina de Prinsengracht 263. De izquierda a derecha: Miep Gies, Johannes Kleiman, Otto Frank, Victor Kugler y Bep Voskuijl. Octubre de 1945
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#onthisday in 1947, ‘The Diary of a Young Girl’ (better known as ‘The Diary of Anne Frank’ is published. This is a book of the writings from the diary kept by Anne Frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. Anne received a blank diary as one of her presents on 12 June 1942, her 13th birthday. She began to write in it two days later. On 5 July 1942, Anne's older sister Margot received an official summons to report to a Nazi work camp in Germany, and on 6 July, Margot and Anne went into hiding with their parents Otto and Edith. They were later joined by Hermann van Pels, Otto's business partner, including his wife Auguste and their teenage son Peter. Their hiding place was in the sealed-off upper rooms of the annex at the back of Otto's company building in Amsterdam. In August 1944, they were discovered and deported to Nazi concentration camps. They were long thought to have been betrayed, although there are indications that their discovery may have been accidental, that the police raid had actually targeted "ration fraud". Of the eight people, only Otto Frank survived the war. Anne was 15 years old when she died in Bergen-Belsen. The exact date of her death is unknown, and has long been believed to be in late February or early March, a few weeks before the prisoners were liberated by British troops on 15 April 1945. The manuscript, written on loose sheets of paper, was found strewn on the floor of the hiding place by Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl after the family's arrest, but before their rooms were ransacked by the Dutch police and the Gestapo. They were kept safe, and given to Otto Frank after the war, with the original notes, when Anne's death was confirmed in the spring of 1945. On the encouragement of friends and relatives in Switzerland, Otto Frank agreed to have it sent off for publication. . . #annefrank #diary #secondworldwar #holocaust #amsterdam #ottofrank #frankfamily #dutch #netherlands #history #onthisday #onthisdayinhistory #inspiring #writer (at Amsterdam, Netherlands) https://www.instagram.com/p/CBzz0G3HEro/?igshid=13myhhlkjgex
#onthisday#annefrank#diary#secondworldwar#holocaust#amsterdam#ottofrank#frankfamily#dutch#netherlands#history#onthisdayinhistory#inspiring#writer
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Um, all respect to Oversteegen, but one of the most well known Dutch resistance fighters is Johanna "Hannie" Schaft, immortalised as early as 1956, and mentioned often in one breath with 'Soldier of Orange' Erik Hazelhoff Roelzema. The Resistance may have been widely believed to be a man's effort at the time -although by whom I don't know -, but honestly there's Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl, Anne Frank's helpers, without whom the diary wouldn't have survived, Trix Terwindt, sacrificed, either by incompetence or as a calculated diversion tactic in the Englandspiel between London and the Nazi regime, and countless more quiet women who saved people by taking them in, hiding them, feeding them during a retalitory famine, and not drawing attention to themselves. Yet Tumblr prefers to venerate Audrey Hepburn, whose claims are unsubstantiated and contradictory, and are widely believed in Dutch sources to be false.
And why should only armed resistance be worthy of note? If the Amsterdam woman who took a Jewish man waiting to be transported to the camps by the arm, snuggled up and walked away with him right under the nose of the SS had been brandishing a gun, she wouldn't have succeeded.
She was 14 when she joined the Dutch resistance, though with her long, dark hair in braids she looked at least two years younger.
When she rode her bicycle down the streets of Haarlem in North Holland, firearms hidden in a basket, Nazi officials rarely stopped to question her. When she walked through the woods, serving as a lookout or seductively leading her SS target to a secluded place, there was little indication that she carried a handgun and was preparing an execution.
The Dutch resistance was widely believed to be a man’s effort in a man’s war. If women were involved, the thinking went, they were likely doing little more than handing out anti-German pamphlets or newspapers.
Yet Freddie Oversteegen and her sister Truus, two years her senior, were rare exceptions — a pair of teenage women who took up arms against Nazi occupiers and Dutch “traitors” on the outskirts of Amsterdam. With Hannie Schaft, a onetime law student with fiery red hair, they sabotaged bridges and rail lines with dynamite, shot Nazis while riding their bikes, and donned disguises to smuggle Jewish children across the country and sometimes out of concentration camps.
In perhaps their most daring act, they seduced their targets in taverns or bars, asked if they wanted to “go for a stroll” in the forest — and “liquidated” them, as Ms. Oversteegen put it, with a pull of the trigger.
“We had to do it,” she told one interviewer. “It was a necessary evil, killing those who betrayed the good people.” When asked how many people she had killed or helped kill, she demurred: “One should not ask a soldier any of that.”
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