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Externalists Versus Internalists

HY AFRICA'S CRISES HAVE PERSISTED

Africa's crises have remained intractable not so much because of a dearth of solutions but rather because of the flawed approaches its leaders took to solve them. Scientifically, effective resolution of a problem requires taking five basic steps. The first is to expose the problem, which normally is done through the media (newspapers, magazines, radio, TV) and public fora (conferences, seminars, workshops, and speeches). That is the business of intellectuals, journalists, editors and writers. The second is to diagnose the causes of the problem. The third is to prescribe a solution. The fourth is to implement the solution, and the fifth is to monitor it to see if it is working. If not, the dosage may be increased or an entirely new remedy tried.

The diagnosis may be considered the crucial step. A faulty analysis of the causes may lead to a wrong prescription, which may treat only the symptoms and not the fundamental causes, or worse, may aggravate the ailment. To avert such possible malpractice, a diagnosis must be subject to critical public review and debate to determine its validity and to ensure that important causative factors have not been overlooked. Regrettably in most African countries, the process of crisis resolution rarely went beyond step two (the diagnostic stage). If step two was reached, a faulty diagnosis was invariably performed, leading to the prescription of a wrong solution. Worse, that solution was itself implemented poorly or not at all in many cases. Corruption scandals fall into this category. In 1993, for example, Ghana's auditor general released a report that detailed a catalogue of corruption and embezzlement by high government officials, costing a staggering 401 billion cedis (about $400 million) over a ten-year period (1983-1992). But not one single bandit was indicted.

For six years, 1988 to 1994, Nigeria's military rulers squandered $12.4 billion in oil revenue, estimated by the September 1994 Pius Okigbo Commission to be a third of the nation's foreign debt. A Petroleum Trust Fund set up by former head of state, General Ibrahim Babangida "lost" $600 million. No one was prosecuted. Most Nigerians collapsed into hysterical laughter when they heard their late head of state, General Sani Abacha, had launched "a war on corruption," because they knew "several of his cronies, active or retired, are millionaires and no military men involved in the banking scandal [that cost the country $180 million] have been touched. `When the soldiers have eaten enough, he retires them,' said a civil-rights lawyer." (The Economist, June 8, 1996, 48).

Exposure

"He who conceals his disease cannot expect to be cured," says an Ethiopian proverb. Yet, for much of the postcolonial period, exposing a problem in Africa has almost always been impossible because of censorship, brutal suppression of dissent, and state ownership or control of the media. “Journalists in the Angolan state media are subject to severe censorship and are unable to report on the civil war, corruption, abuse of power, human rights and maladministration” (Index on Censorship, Nov/Dec 1999; p.231). Corrupt and incompetent governments denied or concealed their embarassing failings (abuse of power, looting and atrocities) until the problems blew up in their faces. But by then it was too late to solve them. As Adam Feinstein, editor of the monthly publication of the International Press Institute, put it: "The press is always a first scapegoat of governments. They can't blame themselves, so they have to blame somebody else" (The Washington Post, April 6, 1995, A15).

In Ivory Coast, police seized copies of the fifth issue of the monthly, Africa Golf Eco, on July 27, 1999. Copies of the paper, which specializes on economic issues, were taken from kiosks in Abidjan by security forces without a warrant. The issue contained a feature entitled “Disinformation, Manipulation, Corruption, Embezzlement. Is the Bedie System at death door”? (Index on Censorship, Sept/Oct 1999; p.128). Indeed, on Dec 24, 1999, President Bedie was overthrown in a coup d’etat.

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Coup Made Ivory Coast Elite Face the Music

By Karl Vick

Washington Post Foreign Service

Monday, January 10, 2000; Page A14

ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast—When the soldiers shot the lock off the door of Room 419 of the Golf Hotel on Dec. 24, Laurent Fologo was standing in front of the television, barefoot. The general secretary of the Democratic Party, which had ruled Ivory Coast for 40 years, was caught without shoes but not without warning: Five years earlier, a journalist had suggested that Fologo--who like other Ivorian politicians watched a lot of foreign TV--might do well to bend an ear to the music favored by the soldiers who were now dragging him outside.

"I told him in 1994 that what the young people are saying in music reflects the popular discontent," said Joachim Beugre, political editor of the independent Le Jour newspaper. "But he didn't take it seriously."

The result was a military coup backed by a reggae beat. As mutinying soldiers arrested Fologo--whom they later released--and sent President Henri Konan Bedie scurrying overseas, other troops seized the state radio station and put back on the air the recordings of Ivorian musicians whose banned music had inspired them.

"They're the people who tell the truth," Sgt. Olivier Zadi declared of the musicians. "They say exactly what happens. It's because of them that we became conscious of what's going on and said, 'Enough is enough.' "

Sgt. Alaid Kouame nodded toward the station he was helping to guard. "We take their songs, we go to the radio station, and we play them," he said.

They played "Dictatorship," by Alpha Blondy and the Solar System, and "The Thieves of the Country (Kleptocracy)." They played Tiken Jah Fakoly singing "fight the powers that divide" and Serge Kassy's "Pay Your Taxes," aimed at members of the political elite who don't.

Kouame's favorite is "Tattletale," about courtiers currying favor with a ruler. After hearing it, a retired general named Robert Guei telephoned Kassy, who wrote it. Guei said he recognized his fate in that song, having been dismissed as army chief of staff after refusing the president's order to send troops to an election boycott demonstration in 1995. Kassy was so impressed, he wrote "My General."

Today, Guei is Ivory Coast's new leader, heading a transitional government he said will hold power only until free elections can be scheduled . . .

"In weak democracies, musicians are like journalists," said Blondy, 46. "They talk about things that some journalists wouldn't dare to because all the papers are owned by political parties. We are the voice of the voiceless."

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The freedom that is most critical to the existence of all other human freedoms is that of expression--the freedom to express one's thoughts, wishes, and criticisms by words and actions without fear of reprisal. For Africa to find solutions to its problems, Africans must have this freedom. They cannot solve their problems in a "culture of silence," characterized by intimidation, censorship, and intolerance of alternative viewpoints. To expose corruption, human rights violations, economic mismanagement, and abuse of political power, freedom of expression is crucial.

Only in an atmosphere supporting the free exchange of ideas can the people find internal, self-reliant, native, and efficient solutions. The absence of intellectual freedom prevents the search for and development of internal solutions. This, in turn, has two pernicious ramifications. First, it perpetuates the offensive notion that Africans are incapable of devising their own solutions to their problems. Second, it forces the adoption of externally generated solutions, which do not always work.

In Africa's own supposedly primitive and backward indigenous system, freedom of expression was recognized and respected. At council meetings and village assemblies, ordinary tribesmen participated in the decision-making process by voicing their opinions freely. Further, they took part in debating the various positions until a consensus was reached. Former Prime Minister of Ghana, Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia (1967) observed, "The traditions of free speech and interchange of views do not support any claim that the denial of free speech or the suppression of opposition is rooted in traditional African political systems" (29).

Traditional African rulers did not arrest, detain, or "liquidate" those who disagreed with them. In fact, one of them, Chief Osagyefo Kuntukununku, stressed the need for freedom of expression to reach consensus: "Future governments would do well to encourage a dialogue between themselves and the populace, confront contrary views with well reasoned arguments rather than intimidation and detention. Suppression of dissent and the denial of the right to express contrary views can only encourage sycophancy and opportunism. There must be a free press to enhance dialogue, efficiency and accountability and to champion the cause of victims of governmental vindictiveness and arbitrariness (West Africa, 27 August - 2 September 1990, 2372).

in modern Africa, private newspapers that were courageous enough to expose the problems were shut down and their editors either jailed or murdered. For example,

Although Zimbabwe is on paper a multi-party democracy, open debate -- let alone outright political dissent -- has been increasingly discouraged. At the University of Zimbabwe, students and staff have been swatted by riot police with tear gas and clubs for complaining about corruption, a growing scourge. [And] three senior journalists at the weekly Financial Gazette, the country's leading free voice, have been charged with "criminal defamation." [And] a new law enables Mugabe to sack outspoken board members of any independent charitable organization and replace them with government-blessed appointees" (The Economist, 19 August 1995, 38).

The supreme irony of the vilification and repression campaign is that quite often it is counterproductive. It is a truism that persecution of a person by a brutally repressive regime never achieves its intended objective. Rather, it transforms the victim into a hero, because what is bad in the eyes of the devil must be good. Countless examples can be given: Lech Walesa, Nelson Mandela, Kwame Nkrumah, and Kenneth Kaunda were all persecuted by repressive governments but they subsequently became presidents of their respective countries. Wole Soyinka, hounded and jailed by Nigeria’s military government, subsequently became a Nobel laureate. The military government of Ghana never learned from this. One K. Danso-Boafo wrote: "By preventing the Movement for Freedom and Justice (MFJ) from using the premises of the Teachers' Hall for a symposium, and holding and questioning its deputy national secretary Mr. Kwesi Pratt, [Ghana's] PNDC functionaries are making `political martyrs' out of the MFJ and its leadership -- something any astute politician would want to avoid. The political history of Africa is replete with such political miscalculations" (West Africa, 3-9 June 1991, 892).

On 12 May 1994, persons believed to be agents of the PNDC sneaked into the premises of Free Press and littered it with human excrement. The result? The circulation the crusading Free Press soared and it became Ghana's most popular paper.

Intolerance of alternative viewpoints is a disease that afflicts the the ruling elites of Africa. Until "educated" Africans learn to accept intellectual diversity among themselves, they are doomed as a race.

The Diagnosis: Externalists Versus Internalists

Even when a problem was finally exposed in Africa, the second and crucial step of diagnosis was usually mishandled. On the causes of Africa's crisis, there have been two schools of thought: the externalists and the internalists. The externalists believe that Africa's woes are due to external factors. Disciples of the externalist school include most African leaders, scholars, and intellectual radicals. For decades the externalist position held sway, attributing the causes of almost every African problem to such external factors as Western colonialism and imperialism, the pernicious effects of the slave trade, racist conspiracy plots, exploitation by avaricious multinational corporations, an unjust international economic system, inadequate flows of foreign aid, and deteriorating terms of trade. “President Danial arap Moi accused the IMF and other development partners of denying Kenya development funds, thus triggering mass poverty” (The Washington Times, June 3, 1999; p.A12). "Marginalization" and “globalization” have now become the new complaints of African leaders. The West's abandonment of Africa for Eastern Europe, they warn, will vastly impede their efforts to alleviate crushing poverty and squalor.

When the African crisis first emerged in the late 1970s, the causes and diagnoses most frequently offered by African intellectuals and government officials were external. Debates and public scrutiny were not permitted. In his book, The Africans, African scholar and historian Professor Ali Mazrui examined the African crisis, claiming that almost everything that went wrong in Africa was the fault of Western colonialism and imperialism. "The West harmed Africa's indigenous technological development in a number of ways" (164). He attributed Africa's collapsing infrastructure (roads, railways, and utilities) to the "shallowness of Western institutions," "the lopsided nature of colonial acculturation" and "the moral contradictions of Western political tutelage" (202). In fact, "the political decay is partly a consequence of colonial institutions without cultural roots in Africa" (199). Therefore, self‑congratulatory western assertions of contributing to Africa's modernization are shallow: "The West has contributed far less to Africa than Africa has contributed to the industrial civilization of the West" (164). Decay in law enforcement and mismanagement of funds were all the fault of Western colonialism too. "The pervasive atmosphere in much of the land is one of rust and dust, stagnation and decay, especially within those institutions which were originally bequeathed by the West" (210). They signal "the slow death of an alien civilization" (204) and Africa's rebellion "against westernization masquerading as modernity" (211). Western institutions are doomed "to grind to a standstill in Africa" or decay. "Where Islam is already established, the decay of western civilization is good for Islam since it helps to neutralize a major threat" (19).[1]

Many African leaders also subscribed to and espoused similar views ‑‑ that the causes of Africa's crises were externally generated. In fact, since independence in the sixties, almost every African malaise was ascribed to the operation or conspiracy of extrinsic agents. The leadership was above reproach and could never be faulted.

A problem with the educational system was, of course, the fault of colonialism. An electricity failure was unquestionably due to an imperialist plot. Commodity shortages were easily explained: the nefarious activities of neo‑colonial saboteurs. Even bribery and corruption, according to Mazrui (1986), was the fault of colonialism and the "coming of new institutions such as Western‑style banks, with their new rules and new values" (241). President Mobutu offered a more dramatic elucidation. Asked who introduced corruption into Zaire, he retorted: "European businessmen were the ones who said, 'I sell you this thing for $1,000, but $200 will be for your (Swiss bank) account'" (New African, July, 1988, 25).

In his address to the third Congress of the Democratic Union of Malian People recently, President Moussa Traore observed that,

The world economy is passing through a period characterised by monetary disorder and slow trade exchanges. The worsening crisis is affecting all countries, particularly developing countries.

Due to the difficult situation, which is compounded by the serious drought, socio‑economic life has been affected by serious imbalances that have jeopardised our country's development growth. Debt servicing, characterised mainly by state‑to‑state debts are a heavy burden on the state budget. The drop in the price of cotton which accounts for much of the country's foreign earnings, has led to a great reduction in export earnings" (West Africa, 16 May 1988, 876).

According to Zimbabwe Independent (April 27, 1999),

Given the government’s spendthrift ways, its steady refusal to slim down the bloated patronage state administration and the elite’s determination to steal everything that is not nailed down and quite a bit that is, the result has been to deliver Zimbabwe into the hands of the IMF/World Bank. Meanwhile, ministers bilk on whatever bills they can, the infrastructure falls to bits before one’s eyes and the state searches ever more desperately for revenue. School fees have been pushed up to the point where many parents are having to take their children out of school and illiteracy is increasing for the first time in a century.

Mugabe angrily rejects the criticism of those who blame the government for the economic crisis. It is, he says, the fault of greedy Western powers, the IMF, the Asian financial crisis and the drought. The latter explanation causes a quizzical raising of eyebrows as the daily torrent continues to bucket down” (p. 25)

High‑ranking African government officials, needless to say, toe their leaders' lines. According to C. M. Nyirabu, governor of the Bank of Tanzania in 1985, "Africa's ills are the result of severe exogenous shocks, such as steep oil‑price escalations in the last decade, persistent drought, prolonged recession in the industrial countries and their resort to increased protectionism, continued policies of strict monetarism, and reduction in real terms of external assistance" (Lancaster and Williamson, 1986). David Phri, the governor of the Bank of Zambia in 1986, was quite explicit: "The hostile world economic environment has been the dominant factor in the problems now confronting developing African countries" (Helleiner, 1986, 93).

According to the Chairman of Ghana’s ruling NDC, Issifu Ali, whatever economic crisis the nation is going through has been caused by external factors. “He said the NDC has since 1982 adopted pragmatic policies for the progress of Ghana, adding that the macro-economic environment of 1999 has been undermined by global economic developments" (The Independent, Nov 18, 1999; p.3)

The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) echoed the same "external" dirge. In July 1989 it launched its document, "The African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes for Socio‑Economic Recovery and Transformation." In a review, West Africa magazine (17-23 July 1989) noted:

The framework is not just another plan. By starting with a structural analysis of Africa's economy, it is able to identify the real impediments to development. In the process, it formulates a critique of the legacy of colonialism, the borders which render 14 countries landlocked, bequeathed 13 with a land area of less than 50,000 hectares each, and have left 23 with a current population of less than 5 million each. It addresses engendered dependence on commodity exports, infrastructural inadequacy, and the dominance of commerce over production. (1160)

The ECA has not changed its tune, still maintaining that “The prospects for African economies continue to be shaped by the outcome of its most important determinants, the weather and the external economic environment. `African economies remain vulnerable to exogenous economic and non-economic shocks, such as movements in international commodity prices and erratic weather conditions,’ notes K.Y. Amoako, executive secretary of the ECA” (The African Observer, June 7 – 20, 1999; page 23).

The constant wailing over colonial legacies was at best disingenous and attributing much of Africa's crisis to external factors alone was intellectually deficient. In fact, they became standard excuses that many African leaders conveniently employed to conceal their own failures and incompetence. Finally in March 1986, at the Special United Nations Conference on Africa, the African delegates themselves, in a refreshing breath of candor, admitted that "past policy mistakes", especially the neglect of agriculture, had contributed to the African crisis. An earlier report by the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which served as the core of the African sermon at the United Nations, urged African nations "to take measures to strengthen incentive schemes, review public investment policies, and improve economic management, including greater discipline and efficiency in the use of resources." Most notably, the OAU Report pledged that "the positive role of the private sector is to be encouraged."

Even a year before that, the African Development Bank and the Economic Commission for Africa produced reports that were adopted at the OAU meeting in July 1985. A review of these reports by West Africa was quite revealing:

The African region is described as suffering from a long‑standing crisis rooted in low productivity, limited capacity for adjustment, government policies which have long over‑emphasized intervention and control and overlooked incentives, and an international economy characterised by weak demand for Africa's exports, high interest rates, and stagnating resource flows.

But while external factors have played a determining role in present difficulties, the report says that African policymakers are accepting that internal policy failures are also to blame and that there must be change. The overall direction of change is seen to be towards more market freedom, more emphasis on producer incentives, as well as reform of the public sector to ensure greater profitability (West Africa, 21 April 1986, 817). (Emphasis added).

That was back in 1985. Since then, the OAU or African governments have made little effort to draw up internal solutions. As it turned out, the "admission" of the role of internal factors lacked sincerity and a committment to address them. It was more of a ruse to extract greater foreign assistance. But such tricks are not helpful in solving a crisis. If internal factors played a role, they ought to be tackled.

The Colonial Legacies

Of all the external factors used to explain Africa's crisis, perhaps the most frequently used has been that of the legacy of European colonialism. The same litany of baneful colonial legacies has been trotted out again and again since independence in the 1960s. African intellectuals have not realized that African government officials often use these legacies as excuses to conceal their own mismanagement and incompetence. It is true that colonialism did not bequeath much to Africa. When Tanzania gained its independence in 1961, it only had 16 university graduates to run the country. Said Julius Nyerere, former head of state in a speech at the University of Edinburgh on 9 October, 1997:

Tanzania or Tanganyika then had approximately 200 miles of tarmac road, and its "industrial sector" consisted of 6 factories ‑ including one which employed 50 persons. And despite the Education and Health services provided by some Christian Missionaries and later begun by colonial governments, at independence less than 50% of Tanzanians children went to school ‑ and then for only four years or less; 85% of its adults were illiterate in any language. The country had only 2 African Engineers, 12 Doctors, and perhaps 30 Arts graduates, I was one of them.

Zambia was a little luckier: It had 100 university graduates, l,500 school‑leavers with full secondary education and 6,000 with two years at secondary schools in a country of 4 million.[2] What the Portuguese in Guinea‑Bissau left after 300 years of colonial rule was pitiful: "14 university graduates, an illiteracy rate of 97 percent and 267 miles of paved roads in an area twice the size of New Jersey. There was only one modern plant in Guinea‑Bissau in 1974 ‑‑ it produced beer for the Portuguese troops ‑‑ and as a final gesture before leaving, the Portuguese destroyed the national archieves" (Lamb, 1983, 5).

But in many African countries, the leadership could not maintain, let alone augment, the little that was inherited from colonialism. In fact, they destroyed it. The inherited infrastructure -- roads, bridges, schools, universities, hospitals, telephones, and even the civil service machinery -- are now in shambles. For example, when Zaire obtained its independence in 1960, it had 31,000 miles of macadamized roads. Today less than 3,500 miles remain usable. In Ghana, where the "colonial" roads are strewn with yawning potholes, officials insist that it is rather the vehicle owners who must obtain "road-worthiness certificates" for their vehicles and not the roads that must be made "vehicle worthy."

In the 1950s Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, used to be proudly called "the Harvard of Africa." Today it is in a state of dilapidation. Universities in Ghana, Nigeria and other African countries are in similar states of decrepitude. The University of Ghana, for instance, has not seen a new coat of paint since the colonialists departed in the 1950s. Bridges built by the colonialists are now falling apart for want of repairs. Railways and other infrastructural facilities are in various stages of decay. Who is to blame for all this? The colonialists or incompetent African leaders?

It is true that the past must be studied to provide guidance for the future. But a mind deeply obsessed with the past is captured by it. Such a captive mind is incapable of cogent analysis of present day and future issues. Nor can it take advantage of auspicious opportunities that are currently available. World conditions are certainly not what they were 50 or 100 years ago. There are new technologies, new commodities, new tastes, new attitudes, and new opportunities. But all these remain invisible to the mind that is deeply engrossed in colonialism. When a new market opportunity arises, many African presidents captured by the past analyzed it with woefully outmoded mental constructs.

There has been a constant whimpering over Africa's artificial colonial borders as the source of many of the crises plaguing the continent. Says Denis Sassou-Nguesso, former president of the Republic of Congo and former chairman of the OAU:

Africans were placed within colonial boundaries. Today, the agitation, the periodic outbursts of rage, the procession of displaced populations, and the trail of refugees, reminds us how arbitrary these national borders really are. World powers pressure African nations to work toward democracy and economic reform, but they seem unconcerned about helping us to solve the crisis of displaced people: a crisis which stems from artificial colonial boundaries (The Washington Times, 5 December 1996, A17).

This, however, could not be further from the truth. While it is true that several ethnic groups, such as the Somali and Ewe of Ghana, found themselves sliced up and allotted to different countries, the people of Africa traditionally have paid little attention to borders. They move when the need arises, border or no border, as attested to by movement of refugees. The best realization of this traditional reality would be one black African nation south of the Sahara, in which people of various tribes could move freely without harassment from the border police -- at least the political equivalent of a free trade zone, in which people and goods could move freely.

Somalia proves that the artificial borders are not the real cause of the crises. It is ethnically homogenous, yet it collapsed. And when the Republic of Somaliland seceded, it broke away along colonial lines. During the colonial era, the Italians occupied the northern part of Somalia and the British the southern part. As Richard Dowden, Africa correspondent for The Economist, noted: "Almost no protagonists in Africa's current wars are calling for changes to boundaries and none of these wars would be solved by them. In these wars, rebels are fighting for power -- or a slice of power -- at the center; that is, in the capital, where the trappings of a unified state are" (Prospect, July 1996, 61). And, "By creating artificial countries, the argument goes, yesterday's map-makers are responsible for today's Africa's wars. It sounds plausible, but it is not true. There is not a significant movement in Africa today that wants secession or a change in borders. no ethnic group divided by a frontier is demanding reunification; on the contrary, most such groups have learnt to exploit their situation commercially and politically" (The Economist, 25 January 1997, 17).

Furthermore, the practicality of redrawing boundaries to conform to ethnicity is questionable. There are more than 2,000 ethnic groups in Africa; nationalism given full vent, might result in more than a thousand little "Djiboutis," each with its own currency, flag, national airline with a one-plane fleet, and Swiss bank account for the president. In 1993, Eritrea broke off from Ethiopia to become an independent country. Five years later, they were at war in a dispute over their boundaries. Moreover, why the lament over artificial colonial borders when the OAU recognizes the "territorial integrity of each member nation" in its charter? Only African governments -- the same members of the OAU -- pay much attention to borders for the collection of import "duties" by official and unofficial personnel.

Travel today in independent Africa has been rendered far more difficult than even during the colonial days. Travelers have to contend with not only numerous border checkpoints but also roadblocks within a country itself. It is no secret that these roadblocks serve only as points where uniformed vagabonds extort money from innocent passengers. In an irate letter to West Africa (17-23 July 1989, 1184), Mr. R.A. Dawson, headmaster of St. Bartholomew's Boarding School, Zaria, Nigeria, wrote:

In June 1989, I arrived at the Murtala International Airport, Ikeja, on a Ghana Airways flight No. GH502. After clearing customs and immigration, I boarded an airport taxi for Iddo motor park where I hoped to find another vehicle to the north where I reside and work.

At Illupeju roadblock, our taxi was stopped by three policemen who checked my luggage and papers, an act outside their jurisdiction. Then to the astonishment of the driver and myself, police corporal No. 64539 took all the money I had on me. When I protested, he threatened to shoot me dead, and later defended his action by claiming that I was an armed robber caught in the act because as a Ghanaian I had no right to decent employment in Nigeria. (1184)

This occurred in a sub-region the leaders of which pompously affirm the ECOWAS protocol of free movement.

The New And Angry Generation of African Internalists

Internalists are those who believe Africa's woes are due more to internal than external factors. This school of thought maintains that while it is true that colonialism and Western imperialism did not leave Africa in good shape, Africa's condition has been made immeasurably worse by internal factors: misguided leadership, systemic corruption, capital flight, economic mismanagement, senseless civil wars, political tyranny, flagrant violations of human rights, and military vandalism.

Internalists argue that the attribution of Africa's crises solely to external forces is intellectually deficient for several reasons. First, pragmatism and scientific scholarship demand, at the very least, an unerring scrutiny of all causative factors, both external and internal. Common sense dictates looking both ways before crossing a street, or risk being hit by a truck. Africa is in bandages because its leaders looked only one way -- at the external.

Second, external factors are beyond the control or manipulation of most African countries on an individual basis. Even if possible, any effort to alter the external environment is likely to be protracted, taking decades. For example, the basic structure of the international economic system has not changed much in the past 50 years, although there have been improvements in payment mechanisms, transportation of goods, and information delivery systems. This international economic system is likely to remain so for a long time to come.

Third, internal factors are mostly man‑made or artificial and are therefore more amenable to change or correction by African governments than the external factors. No matter how much colonialism is abhorred, that artifact of history cannot be undone or rewritten; it must be seen as a given.

In the internalist school of thought may be found Nobel laureate Wole Soyinka, Kwesi Armah, the author of The Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Born, Gilchrist Olympio, an opposition leader in Togo, South Africa’s president, Thabo Mbeki, the present author, and the silent peasant majority.

At the 35th OAU Summit in Algiers (July 15, 1999), Thabo Mbeki shocked the delegates by stating that African leaders who took power by force would be banned from future OAU Summits. And, rather than waste time bemoaning the effects of globalization, “African leaders should take steps to integrate the continent’s economies,” he told them.

“Mere moral appeals from the have-nots to the haves are not likely to take us very far,” he said, encouraging his OAU colleagues “to gain a profound understanding of economics, so that we can intervene in an informed manner.” He expressed impatience with those leaders who simply complain that globalization is passing Africa by. He reminded them that little has been done to implement the 1991 Treaty of Abuja that established an African Economic Community (The Washington Times, July 15, 1999; p.A14).

When soldiers seized power in Africa, they almost always cited corruption, economic mismanagement and high cost of living as justification. And the average person on the streets does not blame colonialism and American imperialism for his hardships.

Because of censorship, repression, intolerance of diversity of opinion, and persecution -- even in the broader African intellectual community -- the number of internalists in the public arena is small. Incompetent African leaders naturally reject the internalist position and place blame on external factors. The state-controlled media carries their position. They are aided, directly and indirectly, by vocal leftist radicals who denounce internalists as "Uncle Toms," accusing them of "letting the white man off the hook" and "providing ammunition to the racists." This is a reflection of the insidious intolerance of intellectual diversity among black elites that we noted earlier. But internalists are fighting back against this invective. A growing number of African intellectuals are now deemphasizing historical and external factors and looking inside Africa itself for the true causes of the crises and solutions.

In a paper presented to the Committee on African Studies at Harvard University on 28 April 1981, Gilchrist S. Olympio, a Togolese opposition leader and the son of Togo's first president who was killed in the 1967 coup that brought Gnassingbe Eyadema to power, wrote:

Economic thought and action over the last few years in Black Africa have tended to emphasize factors external to the continent (exogenous factors) as opposed to internal institution and structure, as the main explanation for stagnation or regression in the economic standards of the continent. Deteriorating terms of trade between rich and poor countries, widening parities between agricultural and industrial prices, volatile commodity prices, oil prices movements since 1973 and natural calamaties such as drought and desertification of the continent are considered the key to [an explanation of] the poverty. The fascination for this kind of reasoning in Black Africa is not difficult to fathom, as the non-performance of our economies can be attributed, not to internal structures and policies, but to external considerations.

This paper contends that such factors, if true, are marginal to the central problem of underdevelopment in Black Africa, compared with the absence or malfunctioning of indigenous institutions, factors which for many reasons are relegated to backstage of the debate.

That economic thought should tend to concentrate on external factors is not difficult to explain. Blame is easier to apportion without any serious domestic implications. Since independence in 1960, carefully tailored constitutions by erstwhile colonial powers such as France and Britain, have collapsed under the onslaught of energies unleashed by our newly-found freedom. Representative government, including Bill of Rights, protection of minorities, built-in mechanisms to ensure orderly change, have given way to autocracies of various types, civilian or military. In many cases, these new regimes have been buttressed by one-party systems which, far from unifying fairly heterogenous countries, as intended by their creators, have now as their sole raison d'etre, the keeping in power of a particular regime . . . What the new constitutional changes have done, however, is to move our countries further on the road to becoming closed societies. In a West African country, for instance, wiht the notable exception of Nigeria and Senegal, only one daily newspaper appears and that is produced by the Ministry of Information. Radio, television and other media of communication are tightly controlled by the government. It is therefore not surprising that, as our societies become politically less open, public discussion of internal institutions and structures shold be given scanty treatment. In some cases, it may even be dangerous to debate subjects that have become a taboo. On the other hand, public airing of external variables, especially if it can include a swipe of the old whipping-boy, necolonialism, is all the more welcome . . .

Rational fiscal and monetary policies, combined with the creation of healthy institutions in Black African countries, happen to be a pre-condition for economic development. International effort, if it is to be meaningful, must first help our countries to achieve sound domestic management.

Said Akobeng Eric, a Ghanaian, in a letter to the Free Press (29 March - 11 April 1996): "A big obstacle to economic growth in Africa is the tendency to put all blame, failures and shortcomings on outside forces. Progress might have been achieved if we had always tried first to remove the mote in our own eyes" (2).

Angry at deteriorating economic conditions in Ghana, thousands of Ghanaians marched through the streets of the capital city, Accra, to denounce the ruling regime of President Rawlings. “If Jerry Rawlings says the current economic crisis is due to external forces and therefore, beyond his control, then he should step aside and allow a competent person who can manage the crisis to take over," Atta Frimpong demanded (The Ghanaian Chronicle, Nov 29, 1999; p.1). Appiah Dankwah, another protestor blamed the NDC government for mismanaging the resources of the nation.

A strange thing happened at an international conference on Africa's Imperative Agenda, held in Nairobi in January 1995. The conference document, prepared by Philip Ndegwa, former chairman of Kenya's Central Bank, and Reginald Green, of the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, stated in stark terms: "Africa is now a continent which cannot feed itself, meet its external financial obligations or the bill for its essential imports, protect its increasing population, prevent environmental degradation, or exert any meaningful influence in the international decsion-making process. A substantial number of African countries are now in danger of national disintegration, including some which, as recently as the late 1980s, were held up as success stories" (Africa Recovery, June 1995, 8).

It is striking that the document devoted only three of its 18 sections to the external dimension of Africa's multiple crises and focused more on Africa's own responsibility and initiatives.

Internalist influence was also evident at "Africa 2000" Conference organized by the Hofstra Cultural Center of Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York on 12 October 1995. In its "Call for Papers" flyer, part of the instructions read: "All papers should focus on, or at least prominently discuss, the immediate future faced by Africa. Thus papers dealing with historical events, for example, would not be appropriate, unless the thrust of the discussion related the historical context to an understanding of the present or immediate future." Traditionally, conferences on Africa have featured speaker upon speaker who perorated passionately about the iniquities of colonialism, the slave trade and Western imperialism. The Hofstra conference sounded a call for a paradigm shift, making it clear that papers dealing with such historical factors would not be welcome.

On 12 August 1995, various Nigerian groups and organizations held the Nigerian National Leadership Forum in Nashville, Tennessee, to find out exactly what the "problem" was with Nigeria. As African News Weekly (26 August 1995) reported:

Professor David Murauko, the chairman of the forum, was sure he knew what Nigeria's biggest problem is. Tribalism. After all, this is what motivated him to organize the conference. So he opened his presentation by asking the audience what they felt was Nigeria's greatest problem.

One participant got up and said Nigeria's greatest problem was corruption. Another person said Nigeria's biggest problem was poor economic conditions, explaining that if everyone had something to eat, no one would be complaining. Another person said lack of democracy; another said lack of rule of law; and yet another said personalized politics (2).

No one at the forum blamed colonialism, imperialism, slavery, exploitation by an unjust international economic system, or other external factors. The report continued: "One participant summed it up this way: Asking people to define Nigeria's problem is like sending twelve blind men to feel an elephant and then describe it. They would all have different but accurate descriptions of the animal depending on what part they touched." (2)

Metaphorically speaking, the "elephant" is the alien, all-powerful, gargantuan, predatory state that was established by African leaders and elites after independence.[3] This "elephant" has been the source of most of Africa's "environmental problems." Invested with tremendous powers to which there have been no countervailing checks and balances, the marauding state pillages, rapes, and loots, trampling upon human rights, and leaving human debris and carcasses in its wake. This abominable political monstrosity was created by African leaders themselves and, therefore, cannot be blamed on colonialism.

Bad and Corrupt Leadership

The leadership in much of Africa has not only been a hopeless failure but also a disgrace to black people. At a press conference in London in April, U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, “lambasted African leaders who he says have subverted democracy and lined their pockets with public funds, although he stopped short of naming names” (The African-American Observer, April 25 – May 1, 2000; p.10). President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire was a prime example. Zaire should be a properous country; it is blessed with vast mineral deposits and rich agricultural lands in the fertile Congo basin. But arrant misrule and plunder have reduced it to tatters.

More and more Africans now blame their leaders for the mess they find themselves in. Said Chinua Achebe (1985):

The fear that should nightly haunt our leaders (but does not) is that they may already have betrayed irretrievably Nigeria's high destiny. The countless billions that a generous Providence poured into our national coffers in the last ten years (1972-1982) would have been enough to launch this nation into the middle-rank of developed nations and transformed the lives of our poor and needy. But what have we done with it? Stolen and salted away by people in power and their accomplices. Squandered in uncontrollable importation of all kinds of useless consumer merchandise from every corner of the globe. Embezzled through inflated contracts to an increasing army of party loyalists who have neither the desire nor the competence to execute their contracts. (3)

Said John Hayford in New African (April, 1994): "Africa's biggest problem today lies with the leadership. They are so removed from the people that they are looked upon as foreigners. They are driven by self-interest, so excessive that their peoples' interests are forgotten -- hardly different from the colonial masters" (7). A Ghanaian university student, Kwesi Obeng, added this view:

In all hue and cry, what is both infuriating and irritating is the speed with which African countries together with their leaders are quick to blame all that go wrong on the continent on our supposed "Enemy" - the West. This sad culture is what has propelled me to protest with all the venom that I can muster . . . Why can't we accept our responsibilities as a race (black race), face the music for our deeds and always tend to pass the buck? (The Ghanaian Chronicle, 21 January 1996, 4).

More tragic has been the failure of Africa's intellectuals. One Nigerian scholar, Linus U. J. Thomas-Ogboji, excoriated members of his own profession:

We Nigerian [intellectuals] bear the mark of Cain. Ours is the incredible stigma of the man who whimpers and averts his gaze while thugs rape his wife and daughters. We have acquiesced in the unmitigated horror that smothers Nigeria. Many of us bite our tongues because we nurse secret hopes of a chance at the feeding trough. A few, with expectations of reward, even go so far as to defend the Nigerian army. But most of us are just plain scared, paralyzed by fear and chagrin. Is it fear of death that holds us emasculated? There comes a time to die and in death gain redemption. When a people give up the desire for freedom, they are better off dead (African News Weekly, 26 May 1995, 6).

By attributing Africa's ills to external factors, many of Africa's intellectuals, wittingly in expectation of reward or unwittingly, absolved the leadership of responsibility. Additionally, the stress on external factors presupposed that the solutions had to come from external sources; hence the repeated appeals to the international community. Unfortunately, this approach has proven disastrous. Foreign solutions have not worked well in Africa because they do not fit into its unique sociocultural milieu. The continent is a graveyard littered with a multitude of failed imported schemes and systems. Name a foreign system and a collapsed replica can be found -- from basilicas to congresses and even combine harvesters.

[1] Mazrui, of course, was guilty of the same ethnocentric charges he leveled against Westerners. Islam was not indigenous to Africa. Mazrui devoted several pages to the iniquities of the Western slave trade. "A substantial part of Africa's population was dragged off, kicking and screaming and shipped to the new

plantations of the Americas" (100). Curiously, Mazrui never mentioned the atrocities of the East African slave trade that brought suffering or death to at least 2 million black Africans in the nineteenth century. The East African slave trade was largely controlled by Arabs. Mazrui, a Muslim, devoted only one sentence in his entire book to this Arab slave trade (160).

[2] Rather foolishly, both Tanzania and Zambia after independence opted for state planning and development ‑‑ an economic system that made heavy demands on skilled bureaucrats, the very inputs they lacked.

[3] The word "alien" is chosen deliberately because of the basic antinomy of the modern systems with indigenous African institutions. This is important in order to avoid sterile ideological debates that inevitably result from the assessment of systems. The standard being used to evaluate them is African, not foreign.

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mikeo56 · 6 years ago

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The Israel lobby: A List

(Hollywood gala on November 2, 2017, to raise funds for “Friends of the IDF”, which supports Israeli soldiers. The event raised $54 million. Since FIDF has been made tax exempt in the U.S, donors were able to write their donations to soldiers for a foreign military off their U.S. taxes. (See video here and below.) )

The pro-Israel special interest group is one of the most significant and pervasive special interest groups in the United States. It consists of numerous institutions and individuals that work to influence Congress, the president, academia, the media, religious institutions, and American public opinion on behalf of Israel. It has been active in the U.S. for many decades.

The lobby works to propagandize people of all faiths, races, and political backgrounds. It tries to claim that those who disseminate facts they dislike are “antisemitic” – even the many Jewish and Israeli individuals and organizations who work for peace. Below is a partial list, in no particular order, of groups and individuals that publicly support Israel. Some of these are official lobbying groups whose primary purpose is to lobby government officials for pro-Israel policies. Others are groups or individuals that work to influence the media, academia and/or others in a pro-Israel direction. Some do this full-time; others as one portion of a diverse array of activities. While they span the political spectrum and range from hardcore supporters of the Israeli right to liberal critics of some Israeli policies, all support Israel. The lobby has caused great tragedy in the Middle East and harm to the U.S.

We will continue to update and add entities to this very incomplete list as staffing and time allow.

We have been creating this roster for a number of years, so some links below may now be broken, and some information may need to be updated; we are working to fix these.

Below this list are some recommended books and additional resources on the Israel lobby.

• The American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC): AIPAC is the most prominent governmental lobbying organization on behalf of Israel. Fortune Magazine typically rates it as the second most powerful lobby in the U.S. AIPAC frequently writes legislation for members of Congress, which extraordinarily large majorities of both parties typically endorse. It has a $100 million endowment and annual revenue of about $60 million and spends about $2-3 million each year in lobbying Congress. AIPAC’s annual conventions are typically a who’s who of high government officials from both parties pledging their loyalty to Israel. Some years ago an AIPAC official announced that they planned to take over student governments.

• Pro-Israel Political Action Committees (PACs): AIPAC does not give campaign contributions itself but instead uses a campaign finance network consisting of around thirty Pro-Israel Political Action Committees (PACs), which AIPAC is constantly signaling. Only four of these PACs have names that indicate their true agenda, such as ‘Allies for Israel’ or ‘World Alliance for Israel.’ The rest have innocuous names like ‘National Action Committee’ or ‘Heartland PAC.’ Constituents usually don’t realize their candidates are receiving money from PACs that advance the interests of a foreign government. (More info below)

• Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations (CoP): This group of 51 organizations also advocates on behalf of Israel, including a focus on Iran. It had revenues of over $2.2 million in 2011. All members of the CoP sit on AIPAC’s executive committee. The Conference of Presidents focuses on lobbying the Executive branch while AIPAC concentrates on Congress.

• The American Israel Education Foundation (AIEF): AIEF is a subsidiary of AIPAC that takes Congressional Representatives on all-expense-paid trips to Israel. In August 2011, 81 members of Congress from both parties took trips to Israel with the AIEF. Its annual budget is over $26 million, and it's executive director, Richard Fishman, is officially “not compensated,” but he receives $395,000 annually from affiliates. Roll Call reports that in 2012 “The American Israel Education Foundation spent more than $650,000 last year — more than any other group — to send more than 60 lawmakers and staffers to Israel for tours of Jerusalem, seminars on Israeli politics and discussions of asymmetric warfare, according to congressional travel filings.”

• The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP): WINEP is a highly influential think tank that pushes Israel-centric Middle East policies. It was founded by a former AIPAC employee, and while it claims to promote a “balanced and realistic” understanding of the Middle East, it is “funded by individuals deeply committed to advancing Israel’s agenda.” It is frequently called upon by both the government and the media to provide “expert” analysis on Middle East issues. Its 2010 revenues were $9.4 million, and its net assets total $23.5 million. Former AIPAC member MJ Rosenberg stated: “I was working at AIPAC and it was Steve Rosen who cleverly came up with the idea for an AIPAC controlled think-tank that would put forth the AIPAC line but in a way that would disguise its connections.” More information is here.

• Anti-Defamation League (ADL): The ADL bills itself as a civil rights institution devoted to stamping out anti-Semitism. But in practice, it regularly works to promote Israeli interests and attacks virtually any prominent person who criticized Israel and labels them “anti-Semitic.” It has also been involved in a large spying operation against American citizens who opposed the policies of Israel and the Apartheid regime in South Africa. It is an architect of “hate crimes legislation” that may effectively criminalize criticism of Israeli policies. The ADL is a member of the CoP with revenues of around $68 million and as of 2008 had net assets of over $185 million. Abe Foxman, its former national director, made $688,280 per year. When he retired he took a position at an Israeli think tank. The current director is Jonathan Greenblatt.

• International Fellowship of Christians and Jews (IFCJ – aka Stand for Israel): Founded in 1983 by Rabbi Yechiel Eckstein “to promote understanding between Jews and Christians and build broad support for Israel,” it promotes advocacy for Israel among mostly right-wing Christians. It has annual revenues of nearly $100 million. Ha’aretz reports: “since it was founded in 1983, the IFCJ (better known in Israel as Hakeren Leyedidut) has been pretty much a one-man show. And now that man is gone. Yechiel Eckstein, the charismatic rabbi who built this philanthropic empire from scratch, died suddenly of a heart attack on February 6 at age 67. Among the first to identify the potential for translating Christian evangelical support for Israel into charity dollars, he was the voice and face of the organization since its inception.

• Central Fund of Israel, based in Manhattan, says it funds “over 250 charitable causes in Israel.” A Ha’aretz investigation found it funneled much of its money to settlements; it has sent money to an extremist Israeli organization in which the “rabbis heading the yeshiva published a book that discussed the circumstances in which non-Jews can be killed.” It has received “tens of millions of dollars” in donations. In 2015 its revenue was $20 million.

It also sponsors Reservists on Duty, established in 2015 by Israeli soldiers to travel to US college campuses to advocate for Israel and to train American Jewish students to speak on behalf of Israel.

The Gideon Project was created by Reservists On Duty “to give students fluent in English a chance to represent and defend Israel internationally after their service.” Soldiers speak on campuses throughout the U.S. Video here.

• Christians United for Israel (CUFI): CUFI is a right-wing Evangelical Christian organization run by David Brog, a Jewish American attorney who previously practiced corporate law in Tel Aviv, Israel. He’s the author of Reclaiming Israel’s History. In 2007, the Forward newspaper listed Brog in its “Forward 50” most influential Jews in America. The titular founder of CUFI is John Hagee. CUFI, which distorts Biblical teachings, has high-level contacts with the Israeli government. Despite a budget of $7 million, it may be losing ground as more evangelicals learn the facts about Israel. It has a lobbying arm, called CUFI Action Fund, first reported in The Washington Post, run by Gary Bauer, one of the signers of the Statement of Principles of Project for the New American Century (PNAC) on June 3, 1997. Bauer also serves on the board of the Emergency Committee for Israel. In 2010 he received the Defender of Israel Award from the Zionist Organization of America. CUFI Action Fund’s Communications Director is Ari Morgenstern, an Israeli citizen who previously served at the Israeli Embassy in Washington. The fund, Bauer said, will have a multimillion-dollar budget and a dozen staffers who will focus on pro-Israel lobbying among members of Congress and presidential candidates. In 2017 it began a scorecard of legislators’ every vote and comment about Israel.

• Simon Wiesenthal Center: According to its website: “The Simon Wiesenthal Center is a global Jewish human rights organization that confronts anti-Semitism, hate and terrorism, promotes human rights and dignity, stands with Israel, defends the safety of Jews worldwide, and teaches the lessons of the Holocaust for future generations.” It has “a constituency of over 400,000 households” in the US. It is headquartered in Los Angeles, with offices in New York, Toronto, Miami, Chicago, Paris, Buenos Aires, and Jerusalem.” It gave its “Humanitarian Award” to Harvey Weinstein in 2015 despite the open secret of Weinstein’s assaults on women. In 2011 it had an annual budget of $24 million and net assets of $67 million.

• The Israel Project: Founded in 2003, the Israel Project specializes in pro-Israel propaganda targeting the press and the American public. In 2009, a secret handbook commissioned by The Israel Project and written by Republican pollster and strategist Frank Luntz, “The Global Language Dictionary,” was exposed by two Newsweek reporters. The handbook crafts language and talking points for Israel advocates in simplistic, diversionary, and dishonest ways. The organization has 70 employees and an $11 million annual budget. In 2011 it opened additional bureaus in India and China and launched a website in Arabic.

• Friends of the Israeli Defense Forces (FIDF): This American organization supports the Israeli armed forces. It hosts lavish fundraisers and has fourteen regional offices in the U.S. and one in Latin America. FIDF also brings hundreds of Israeli soldiers to the U.S. every year to lecture at synagogues, universities, and schools in order to increase American support for Israeli policies. It has annual revenues of around $60 million and net assets of $80 million.

• Hadassah (Women’s Zionist Organization of America): Founded in 1912, Hadassah is “a volunteer organization that inspires a passion for and commitment to its partnership with the land and people of Israel.” It has chapters across the U.S. and “more than 330,000… Members, Associates and supporters.” It regularly advocates on behalf of Israel and is currently pushing anti-Iran legislation. It has annual revenues of nearly $100 million and $400 million in net assets.

• America’s Voices in Israel (AVI): A project of the Conference of Presidents, AVI works to “strengthen American understanding of and support for Israel by inviting U.S.-based radio talk show hosts to see Israel and broadcast their programs live from Jerusalem.” It also brings celebrities and other “opinion makers” on guided tours of Israel.

• Passages: Passages is a program that takes Christian college students to Israel to make them a “voice for Israel.” Students never visit the West Bank and Gaza. The program, which promotes Christian Zionism, was suggested by Israeli government officials. A major backer is hedge fund billionaire Paul Singer. It is a project of two nonprofit organizations: the Museum of the Bible and the Philos Project.

• The Jewish Agency for Israel: The name is often shortened to just “The Jewish Agency.” According to its website, founded in 1929, this links “Jews around the world with Israel as the focal point… ” Major activities include Jewish Zionist education and building a global Jewish community. “In addition to extensive programs in Israel, it operates in close to 80 countries on five continents through a network of over 450 emissaries, including hundreds of formal and informal educators. The world Jewish community participates in the Jewish Agency’s decision-making process through the Assembly, its supreme governing body, and its Board of Governors, which is responsible for policy-making and oversight.” The Jewish Federations of North American is a fundraising partner, with individual Jewish Federations from numerous American cities listed. (Below is a list of Jewish Federations that work for Israel.)

• Young Judaea: According to its website, the organization was founded in 1909 and is “the oldest Zionist youth movement in the United States.” It brings young people to Israel and also has numerous summer camps in the US that serve to “instill a lifelong love” of Israel. Its annual budget is approximately $200,000.

• American Friends of Likud: According to its website, AFL “has developed unparalleled relationships with the Likud [a right-wing Israeli political party] Ministers and Members of Knesset as well as other Israeli dignitaries and policy and opinion makers. Our programs feature these individuals as guest speakers, lecturers, and educators. Our special relationships with Israel’s leaders, dignitaries, journalists, etc. have been developed over the years and are based on a mutual belief in a right-leaning Likud philosophy.” Based in New York City, it has an annual budget of approximately $300,000. AFL is reported to be “one of the hundreds of ‘Friends of’ Israel organizations in the US – all 501c3 tax-exempt charities raising funds to send to their parent organizations in Israel.”

• American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE) [Jewish Virtual Library]: This nonprofit organization was established in 1993, according to its website, in order to “strengthen the U.S.-Israel relationship.” Its principal publication is Myths & Facts: A Guide to the Arab-Israeli Conflict. It also works to fight “the delegitimization of Israel,” producing materials to oppose the BCS campaign and publishing the StopBDS.com website. There seem to be a number of AICE branches. The one in Chevy Chase assets of almost $11 million as of 2013. Its leader is Mitchell Bard. The organization sometimes funds professors on US campuses.

• The Israel Allies Foundation: Its website states: “Pioneered by MK Rabbi Binyamin Elon, the Israel Allies Foundation (IAF) works with Congress and parliaments around the world to mobilize political support for Israel based on Judeo-Christian values.” Officially titled International Israel Allies Caucus Foundation, it coordinates similar caucuses in 35 countries and has approximately $2 million in resources.

• Americans United with Israel: The American branch of the international organization United with Israel, which states that it is “a global community comprised of individuals who are deeply committed to the success and prosperity of Israel. Our primary mission is to build a massive network of pro-Israel activists and to educate and promote unity with the People, Country, and Land of Israel.” It is a tax-exempt organization. 2014 revenue was $590,000. Its head is Kaylene Ladinsky, associate publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times.

• The Jewish Policy Center: Its website says it provides timely perspectives and analysis of foreign and domestic policies by leading scholars, academics, and commentators” and “passionately supports … U.S.-Israel security cooperation, and missile defense. We support Israel in its quest for legitimacy and security.” The JPC also says: “We also support U.S. efforts to spread democracy in the Middle East. We believe it is critical to reduce America’s dependence on foreign oil. We support Washington’s efforts to deter dangerous states from acquiring nuclear weapons. Finally, we lend our full support to Israel in its long war for security in the Middle East.”

• The Haym Salomon Center: According to its website, The Haym Salomon Center is a news and public policy group that produces content that often appears in mainstream and new media outlets. Its articles have been published in USA Today, the New York Daily News, Fox News, The Hill, the Washington Times, the Wall Street Journal, etc. Many of its articles focus on Israel, the dangers of “political Islam,” and”antisemitism,” which frequently means opposition to Israeli human rights violations. It operates under Over the Horizon nonprofit organization, which in 2014 had approximately a quarter of a million dollars.

...and the list of saboteurs goes on and on...

#lobby #aipac

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papermoonloveslucy · 6 years ago

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LUCY on MERV

1971-1986

Mervyn Edward Griffin Jr. (1925 – 2007) was an American television host and media mogul. He began his career as a radio and big band singer who went on to appear in film and on Broadway. From 1965 to 1986, Griffin hosted his own talk show, “The Merv Griffin Show.” He also created the internationally popular game shows “Jeopardy!” and “Wheel of Fortune” through his television production companies, Merv Griffin Enterprises and Merv Griffin Entertainment. Both game shows are still airing as of this writing.

“The Merv Griffin Show” ran from October 1962 to March 1963 on NBC; May 1965 to August 1969 in first-run syndication; from 1969 to 1972 late night weeknights on CBS; and again in first-run syndication from 1972 to 1986. The show's longtime bandleader was Mort Lindsey. Griffin frequently clowned and sang novelty songs with trumpeter Jack Sheldon. Griffin's conversational style created the perfect atmosphere for conducting intelligent interviews that could be serious with some and light-hearted with others. Rather than interview a guest for a cursory 5- or 6-minute segment, Merv preferred lengthy, in-depth discussions with many stretching out past 30 minutes. In addition, Griffin sometimes dedicated an entire show to a single person or topic, allowing for greater exploration of his guests’ personality and thoughts. More than 25,000 guests appeared on “The Merv Griffin Show” including numerous significant cultural, political, social and musical icons including four U.S. Presidents. From 1974 to 1986 the show won twelve daytime Emmy Awards.

“The Merv Griffin Show: A Salute To George Marshall” ~ July 29, 1971

Guests: Lucille Ball, George Marshall, Edgar Buchanan, Glenn Ford, William Holden, Mort Lindsay & His Orchestra

Director George Marshall worked with Lucille Ball on Fancy Pants (1950), Valley of the Sun (1942) and 11 1969 episodes of “Here’s Lucy,” mostly location shoots.

“The Merv Griffin Show” ~ October 12, 1973

Guests: Lucille Ball, Gary Morton, Desi Arnaz Jr., Lucie Arnaz, Gale Gordon, Robert Lewin, Ronald Reagan (recorded voice message)

A Salute to Lucille Ball featuring her husband and children, and her two most famous co-stars. Ronald Reagan, then Governor of California, calls in.

Lucy says she has finished Mame which won't be released for six months. Merv says the buzz is that the film is one of the best musicals in history. Lucy refutes the rumor that Lisa Kirk dubbed her singing voice. As for dancing, Lucy credits choreographer Ona White with getting her in shape after breaking her leg. Lucy says she wore eight to ten wigs in the picture.

Ball says she usually refers to the ‘Lucy’ character in the the third person.

Lucy says the Goldwyn Girls never wore costumes, only wigs [a slight embellishment]. She mentions Eddie Cantor and Roman Scandals (1933, above).

Merv: “Did a man one day say 'Make her a star?'” Lucy: “No, he said 'make her.'”

Lucy references the “Here's Lucy” episode in which Lucie Arnaz imitates Cher: “The Carters Meet Frankie Avalon” (HL S6;E11) aired a month after this interview, on November 19, 1973.

Lucy says that she met Gary Morton while doing Wildcat on Broadway. She says that she wasn't feeling at her best at the time and had taken on too much. Merv says he knew Gary Morton before Lucy did. Morton jokes that Merv had one voice for speaking and another for singing; the ‘Jim Nabors’ of his time.

Lucy: “The one thing I'm very proud of is that I know my craft.”

Lucy says that her daughter is the more successfully independent. She says her son is independent, but not sure how successful it is.

They talk about their neighbor, Jimmy Stewart and how he walks his big dogs around the block. Lucy says that Jimmy and Gloria Stewart have a huge vegetable garden. A Romanian neighbor did not recognize Stewart and turned him away when he came to the door trying to give away some of their surplus crops.

Lucie and Desi Arnaz Jr. join the conversation. Lucie says that she sees her mother frequently because they work together. Desi and Merv talk about tennis, a sport they both played avidly. Once again, Desi says that he did not play Little Ricky on “I Love Lucy,” although they were born on the same day.

Lucie recalls her first appearance on her mother's show: as Cynthia on “The Lucy Show.” Merv puts up the now familiar (but colorized as the original was in black and white) publicity photo of Lucy and her children taken during “Lucy is a Soda Jerk” (TLS S1;E23) when Lucie was eleven years old. Although this is her first ‘named’ character in the series, Lucie was an extra in “Lucy is a Referee” (TLS S1;E3) in 1962.

Desi Jr. says that he left “Here's Lucy” during season three in order to do a film, but by the time the shooting was over, his contract had expired and he decided to move on to do other things. Desi Jr. went to college for a short period of time - a week and a half.

Lucie: “I think I've been to the best dramatic school by just being on her [Lucy's] show for six years.”

Gary Morton tells how he and Lucy flew to Warrensburg, Ohio, to see Lucie do a summer stock production of Once Upon a Mattress. He then talks about how proud he is of Desi Jr.'s performance as Marco Polo in the film Marco (1973).The film wasn't actually released until two months after this interview. Lucy hosted a home screening of the film.

Merv welcomes a surprise guest, Bob Hope. They talk about Bob Hope's house, which was under construction in Palm Springs when it was engulfed by fire, allegedly through arson. Joking, Gary Morton holds out a lit cigarette lighter!

Hope mentions the four films he did with Lucy, even the one they consider the least memorable, Critic's Choice (1963). Lucy calls it a flop. During the filming of The Facts of Life, Lucy was always asking Hope if she had successfully shed the 'Lucy' character. Bob tells the story (which he has told before) of when a Desilu stockholder interrupted the filming with her super 8 camera.

Hope: (about Lucy’s reruns) “She's on so much, you can just flip the dial and see her raise her children.”

Lucy compliments her writers, Bob (Carroll) and Madelyn (Davis).

Hope jokingly says they shouldn't talk about his political affiliations with Washington because he's having enough trouble with his taxes as it is. Lucie says that the President [Richard Nixon] is having trouble with his, too! In late 1973, Nixon was in the headlines for mistakes on his tax returns.

Merv runs the first clip of Mame, despite it not being completely finished in post-production. Lucy says it will be released at Easter. Even Lucy hasn't seen it! [The MPI DVD version of this interview does not include the clip.]

After a commercial break, Merv introduces “Uncle Harry himself” Gale Gordon. Gordon says that he just adores Lucy, even after fifty years in the business. Lucy claims that Gordon is just as good at the table reading as at the final filming. He tells Merv that his mother Gloria Gordon played the landlady on “My Friend Irma” both in the 1949 film and the 1952 television series.

They talk about about Gale Gordon's on-set nickname, 'Old Soggy Crotch', because he was constantly getting wet during episodes of “Here's Lucy.” The show actually bleeps out the nickname because the word ‘crotch’ would not pass the censors! Merv puts up a still from “Lucy Makes A Few Extra Dollars” (HL S4;E6) which depicts Gordon covered with food!

Gary Morton relates that when Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor guest starred on the show, he complimented Gordon on his performance, and assumed that he must have been born in England. Although raised in England, Gordon was actually born in New York City. Lucy says he is now the mayor of Borrego Springs, California.

After a break, Merv introduces the President of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Robert Lewin, who presents Ball with a plaque of commemorating her 13 Emmy nominations since 1951. Lewin says the plaque has an 'extension' for her next 13!

Merv shows a clip of Lucy accepting her Emmy for Best Actress. He claims it is 1967, which Lucy questions: “67? I didn't know I won one in 67.” Lucy is correct. The year was 1968.

“The Merv Griffin Show” ~ April 9, 1974

Guests: Lucille Ball, Bea Arthur, Gene Saks, Gary Morton

This show was taped on March 24, 1974, on location at the Hollywood premiere of Mame at the Cinerama Dome in Hollywood. Among those interviewed are Lucille Ball and husband Gary Morton; Beatrice Arthur and husband, director Gene Saks.

One of the many fans lining the red carpet for Merv's interview with Lucy was Michael Z. Stern. He later wrote about the experience in his book I Had a Ball: My Friendship With Lucille Ball. Stern recounts that he made a large sign that read “WE LOVE LUCY” which (along with his arm) made it onscreen on “The Merv Griffin Show.”

“The Merv Griffin Show” ~ February 4, 1980

Guests: Lucille Ball, James Brolin, Michele Lee, Natalie Wood

Lucy talks about teaching comedy seminars in college, although the grading confounded her as it was solely a question and answer seminar. Lucy points out someone named Stuart (although he doesn’t appear on camera), one of her former seminar students who is in the studio audience.

Lucy compliments Merv as one of the best 'listeners' of all talk show hosts.

Lucy stresses that she's not a funny person, but credits her daughter and Gary, her husband, with the attribute.

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Merv begs Lucy to do the Lucy Ricardo “Waaaa” cry for him. Lucy is initially reluctant, but she does it for him.

Four days later, “Lucy Moves To NBC” was aired. Lucy's visit is likely to promote that event.

In 2017, Get TV celebrated Lucille Ball's birthday by airing this interview and the 1973 “Merv Griffin Show” interview of Lucy back to back, followed by a rare screening of Lucy's appearance on “Van Dyke & Company.”

“The Merv Griffin Show” ~ June 24, 1982

Guests: Lucille Ball, Ethel Merman, Ginger Rogers

Lucy shares the stage with two powerhouse performers from her past. Merman guest-starred in two back-to-back episodes of “The Lucy Show” in 1964. Ball had done five films with Rogers during the 1930s. She guest-starred as herself on a 1971 episode of “Here's Lucy” (S4;E11).

TRIVIA

Lucille Ball is responsible for Alex Trebek hosting "Jeopardy"! Lucy was a fan of the short-lived game show "High Rollers" hosted by Trebek. When Merv Griffin was looking to reboot "Jeopardy" Lucy suggested he consider hiring Trebek and the rest is history!

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professorrosado · 5 years ago

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Newark Extreme Real Estate Investing (EREI) – 3 Day Seminar

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Buy Tickets

100 tickets remaining.

Adult$995.00

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DATE: August 20, 2021 at 6PM – August 22, 2021 at 3PM

Location To Be Announced: REGULAR PRICE: $10,000 & ATTENDEE / MEMBER LIMIT = 100!

THE PRICE OF THIS EVENT WILL INCREASE DURING THE FINAL 10 MONTHS LEADING UP TO THE EVENT DATE AND THIS WILL BE GIVEN ONLY ONCE TO ANY SIZED AUDIENCE AND FOREVER CLOSE!

Those who hurry and purchase their ticket will be the ONLY ones to profit from this exclusive and unique method system – not available anywhere else!

Event will be held at an area hotel at or around the airport. You will be updated before the event.

This is an exclusive seminar covering proprietary methods and strategies actionable mainly through our EREI program.

BONUS****** EVERY ATTENDEE WILL BE INVESTED IN REAL ESTATE AND WILL EARN $4600+ IN 12 MONTHS WITHOUT INVESTING A SINGLE PENNY! ******BONUS

WHAT THIS SEMINAR IS NOT! #1 – IS NOT a sales pitch to any other product or course: this is it and there’s nothing more except for the advertised VIP add-on below which you can ONLY get during your purchase today!

#2 – IS NOT your run of the mill REI information which you can already get online FOR FREE HERE: www.biggerpockets.com : This is EXCLUSIVE and UNIQUE content that will make you 600X more profits than anything you can find online or even pay for at any other $10,000 – $75,000 seminar in the world!

#3 – IS NOT one of many yearly seminars held in order to keep recruiting more suckers to get into so-called Real Estate Investing only to have to go out in the field looking for properties for the big wigs and splitting the profits with them while they keep training others to compete with you! LOL!

#4 – IS NOT going to ask you to pay for ANYTHING MORE – In fact, you will leave this seminar ALREADY AN INVESTOR earning a minimum of $4,600 / year without spending another DIME!

#5 – IS NOT a “lock-in” to a package coaching or mentoring program: Any and all other training or updates are included in your exclusive and private membership. This membership is CLOSED and once this seminar is done, no more members will be added over our maximum per city.

WHAT THIS SEMINAR IS! IT IS The “SMARTEST” and “MOST PROFITABLE” Way to Flip Houses, Properties & Land Lots EVER! REBOOT Your Thinking And Reformat Your Past Experience With This 3 Day reveal!

This is NOT your run-of-the-mill Real Estate Investing Seminar / Method. With our method:

You don’t need to know how to “fixer up”

You don’t need to spend money fixing that eats into your profit margin.

You don’t need to worry about cost estimates and formulas before considering a property for flipping.

You don’t need to worry about paying so much in taxes on a small profit amount.

You don’t risk earning profits on outside factors that may impact sales prices in the area.

You can avoid the high costs of rehab and still improve the property profitably.

And you don’t need to be a genius either – our highest earners are farmers in overalls!

We SPILL ALL of the ACTIONABLE BEANS in this seminar – no pitches for any other seminar: THIS IS IT!

What will you be able to do?:

Add up through $180,000 or more in value almost instantly to any property.

Secure a steady and highly anxious pool of buyers.

Develop lifetime income from sold properties in this program.

Build up significant profits in a short period of time.

Exclusive “up and coming” markets.

Limited competition.

“Locked-in” Buyers and Renters.

Enjoy up to 50% higher rental incomes not possible with other flipping training programs.

Enjoy BIG profits that far exceed the usual high costs associated with Flipping Houses.

Easily sell property without sharing profit with an agent.

High margins and lowered risk.

Built in scalability – multiple strategies and great expansion opportunities.

About The Seminar Designed to benefit newbies through to the most experienced investors, attendees are presented with an exclusive and proprietary system which is easy to implement, sustainable and scalable. This method of real estate investing method is by far the most profitable way to build or enhance a real estate investing empire upon. Join a strictly-limited set of real estate investing students who will enjoy limited competition within expansive markets in this seminar which will not be offered again after the initial 36 students have joined our closed network in this area – this is a one time opportunity to join this closed network in your area and once filled, no further open seminars will be offered by me. Join with the Rev. Dr. Gilberto Rosado who is the mastermind of this seminar and the systems that form its efficacy and profitability. With this exclusive information and closed system, this seminar promises to go above and beyond any other program you may have heard of or attended and that no one else in your area will learn about (except for the 36 team members in your area). This seminar is absolutely full of profitable value that will increase your family wealth for generations to come!

The Rev. Dr. Gilberto Rosado’s “EXTREME REAL ESTATE INVESTING” SEMINAR: Easiest & Fastest Way to Build Your Real Estate Empire!

With the innovative EXTREME methods that Rev. Dr. Gilberto Rosado will disclose to you. You will be able to start with little or no money and quickly build up to over a million dollars in transactions in just two steps!

How can a person start small – with little or no money and build your real estate empire? While other gurus will tell you that “it takes heart, knowledge, and to be surrounded with the right group of people” all you need is this three day training and your first deal using our exclusive program and in the next step you’ll be looking at making your first million dollars in Real Estate! And during this 3-Day one-time only seminar, I’ll show you how you can do it! You’ll be amazed at how my unique system will help you realize your goals, easily, quickly and with minimal effort!

Come join Rev. Dr. Gilberto Rosado and his exclusive closed group of Extreme Real Estate Investors nation-wide, who will help you at all stages of this business to make your real estate dreams a reality – and grow it to extreme and the highest levels not possible with any other Flipping or Investing program or training at any price!

We’ll even show you how to ensure lifelong profits long after you’ve closed out your inventory and retire from this program altogether!

Wherever Available: Bus Meeting / Yacht-based Training Sessions If advertised, your sessions may take place on an Luxury Executive Meeting Coach and/or our Luxury Yacht (port cities) for a more intimate discipleship of the methods and insights exclusive to our business model – provides you the opportunity to get to know The Rev. Dr. Gilberto Rosado and absorb more of the methods and strategies with direct access for quick Q&A and consultation.

Although there is no additional cost for these sessions, they are only available during select dates and specific cities. This is an exceptional opportunity and of the highest value as a learning experience not usually afforded to seminar attendees of other flipping and investing programs charging 5x the price!

**Again, the Bus Meeting and / or Yacht based Training sessions are only available for select events/dates.

The Seminar Schedule Three days packed full of learning! DAY 1 Friday, 6:00pm – 11:00pm

What Makes My Method Extreme?

Difference between Traditional Flipping & Extreme Flipping

Difference Between Traditional Investing & Extreme Investing

How to Build a Multi-million Dollar Portfolio Quickly

Which Approach to Take: Making a Deal vs. Est. a Business

Strategies for Lack of Money and Credit

Adopt a Partnering Stance instead of that of a Borrower.

Finding Properties

Having Control of the Deal

Selling Inventory

Application of Risk Vs. Return on Wholesales, Flips, & Cashflow (investing) Properties

How to manage EREI deals for Wholesales vs. Flips vs. Cashflow Properties

Extreme Wealth Formula Intro

ARV (After Rehab Value) vs AVAV (After Value-Add Value).

ARV + AVAV Combo Method

11:00pm – 1:00am VIP Session #1

DAY 2 Saturday, 9:00am – 12:00 noon

Understanding The #’s

Understanding Flip Spreads

Our Hot Markets

How our Markets Expand

LUNCH / VIP LUNCH w/Speaker TBA

1:30pm – 5:30pm

Absorption Rates & Do They Matter In EREI

Optimizing The Best Deals For EREI

How EREI Avoids Typical Flipping & Investment Worries

Every Market Optimizer

6:00pm DINNER / VIP DINNER w/Speaker TBA

7:30pm – 11:00pm VIP Session

DAY 3 Sunday, 9:00am – 12:00 noon

Extreme Wealth Process & Blueprint

EREI Cash Flow (Investor) Wealth Strategy

EREI Lease Option Method

Money Wealth Buildup Strategy

EREI AVAV Systems

Next Level Investing

Building and Managing a Massive Portfolio

How To Retire With EREI

EREI Credit Union

How to Get Private Partners

Final Details & Recap

DISMISSAL

ABOUT VIP SESSIONS AND ACCESS: We have reserved the most extreme strategies for VIP access only. They involve commercial value-adds which are not for the sensitive or fearful. Apply for VIP Access ONLY if you desire a “No Holds Barred” addition to your strategy base and if you are willing and able to engage high ticket property acquisitions. The two extremes described in the previous sentence represent only two strategies at opposite ends of the extreme spectrum. Also, any new strategies and programs will also be addressed here before being released to our general membership in future presentations or news releases (you get the news first hand and get to implement it before anyone else does).

These strategies require a separate licensing and authorization granted only to VIP Access Members.

VIP ACCESS PRICE: $3,995 Pay directly to https://ift.tt/2N7KUsj

VIP Access Includes:

VIP Only Sessions – Friday and Saturday – Late Night!

Exclusive VIP ONLY Training & High Profit Strategies

Special Networking Sessions

License to Utilize VIP ONLY Strategies

VIP Hot Lunch & Dinner – All 3 Days

FAQs

Are there ID or minimum age requirements to enter the event?

YES – 18 with Driver’s License

What can I bring into the event?

NO RECORDING DEVICES OF ANY KIND! You can bring a Pen & Pad!

How can I contact the organizer with any questions?

skype: rev.dr.gilberto.rosado

What’s the refund policy?

Since we utilize all or part of your fee toward formation and facilities related to the delivery of this seminar and you should be interested in making more money than ever before possible with Real Estate Investing or Flipping, and that is exactly what we’ll be showing you, there is NO REFUND!

If for any reason you could not attend the session or any part thereof, we will grant you a recorded version via online webinar portal access at a later date.

Do I have to bring my printed ticket to the event?

YES – without the ticket you will not be allowed into the sessions.

Can I update my registration information?

YES

Is my registration fee or ticket transferable?

NO.

Is it OK if the name on my ticket or registration doesn’t match the person who attends?

NO.

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source https://classiphorium.com/listings/events/newark-extreme-real-estate-investing-erei-3-day-seminar/

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jacobhinkley · 6 years ago

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Crypto Learning Centers and Courses on the Rise in Japan, Thailand, and South Korea

Learning centers, courses, and crypto educational seminars are on the rise in Japan, Thailand, and South Korea. Bitcoin no Madoguchi and Bit Station have opened up to offer guidance to Japanese investors. The Cryptoasset Revolution course and Cryptonist’s seminar are happening soon in Thailand. Meanwhile, Decenter University and Koscom have launched training courses in South Korea.

Also read: Yahoo! Japan Confirms Entrance Into the Crypto Space

Japan

In Tokyo, “Bitcoin no Madoguchi” (loosely translated as “Bitcoin’s Window”) recently started offering information on cryptocurrencies, crypto exchanges, and the latest news in the space. The shop is currently accepting reservations from customers seeking guidance. The company’s website explains:

You can receive explanations and guidance about virtual currencies for free from the concierge at a real store so that novice investors in virtual currency can enjoy bitcoins and altcoins easily.

While the information offered by the store is currently tailored for those considering a crypto investment of 1 million yen (~$9,206) or more, the company is planning to offer a service for anyone wanting to start investing.

According to local media, the store offers information on major cryptocurrencies such as BTC and ETH as well as major crypto exchanges in Japan including Tech Bureau’s Zaif, Bitflyer, Bitbank, GMO Coin, and DMM Bitcoin.

Bitcoin no Madoguchi.

In Osaka, the Sankei Biz reported last week that Zero Base has opened up Bit Station educational center in the main shopping district of Osaka to provide general information on cryptocurrencies for those “who cannot take the first step in virtual currency trading.” The news outlet detailed:

The store will provide information on various cryptocurrencies and exchanges, how to use various exchanges, how to open accounts at various exchanges, how to store cryptocurrencies in wallets, and tax consultation.

The store has information on Bitflyer, Zaif, DMM Bitcoin, GMO Coin, and other domestic and overseas exchanges, the publication described, adding that customers can learn about cryptocurrencies such as “bitcoin, ripple, [and] cardano.” According to its Facebook page, Bit Station “is a real shop that supports the opening of accounts of exchanges, to the point where you can actually trade.”

Bit Station.

Thailand

The Cryptoasset Revolution team. (Photo credit: Siamturakij)

The Thai Fintech Association has launched the Cryptoasset Revolution (CAR) course in collaboration with Icora Co. Ltd, according to Nation Multimedia. The course “will provide participants with a complete understanding and knowledge about investing in crypto assets and initial coin offerings (ICOs),” the news outlet added, noting that the first course will take place at the Grand Hyatt Erawan hotel in Bangkok from June 12 to August 14 and will cost 185,000 baht (~$5,755).

Korn Chatikavanij, Chairman of the Thai Fintech Association, detailed:

The Crypto Asset Revolution course is the first programme in Thailand that has a complete curriculum about the global crypto economy…The course will integrate both intensive theoretical and practical situations to prepare participants to understand and analyse market trends, help with business planning, recognise opportunities and threats and how to deal with potential critical market situations.

Meanwhile, another crypto firm, Cryptonist, is holding a meetup on May 31 and inviting everyone to come and learn about cryptocurrencies. Attendees will also learn about the Thai crypto regulations and arbitrage.

South Korea

In South Korea, Decenter University has launched an introductory course on cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. The 9-week course runs every Monday between June 11 and August 6. A total of 70 students will be admitted on a first come first serve basis, the university’s website details.

The course aims to help students “Understand exactly the origin and working principles of Bitcoin and Etherum; Understand the impact that blockchains have on existing industries by analyzing key projects using blockchain; [and] Identify the global government and financial industry visions and trends toward the blockchain. Students will also have the opportunity to network “with experts and participants” in the industry.

Another company that recently announced the launch of a crypto-related training program is Koscom. The company said Monday that its crypto and blockchain training course for its employees, the Korean Stock Exchange (KRX), and brokerage firms has started and will run through July, Ddaily reported.

Koscom’s CEO Jung Ji-Seok launched a blockchain and crypto training course. (Photo credit: Ddaily)

Koscom is a leading IT service provider in the capital market, providing a wide range of IT systems including a trading system for securities and derivatives market. The news outlet elaborated:

The course consists of a comprehensive coaching course, including Bitcoin Core, consensus algorithm, ICO analysis, blockchain development, and project progression, along with basic knowledge of block chains.

What do you think of these crypto educational resources? Let us know in the comments section below.

Images courtesy of Shutterstock, Decenter University, Koscom, Bitcoin no Madoguchi, Zero Base, Bit Station, Ddaily, and Siamturakij.

Need to calculate your bitcoin holdings? Check our tools section.

The post Crypto Learning Centers and Courses on the Rise in Japan, Thailand, and South Korea appeared first on Bitcoin News.

Crypto Learning Centers and Courses on the Rise in Japan, Thailand, and South Korea published first on https://medium.com/@smartoptions

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berlinworkshops · 8 years ago

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berlinworkshops

Workshops, Fortbildungen, Konferenzen, Buchpräsentationen und Diskussionen in Berlin

Letztes Update: 12.06.2020 Zusammengestellt von @_sibsi

Juni 2020

12.06. Pressearbeit für NGOs und Initiativen - Raus aus der digitalen Blase mit guter Pressearbeit / Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung 12.06. Advisement Day: Work Stipends for Non-German Literature / Schreiben & Leben 12. - 14.06. New Alphabet School #4 Caring 13.06. Rechtsform-Workshop: Genossenschaft oder was? / Café Sunshine Bremen 13. - 14.06. InDesign Aufbaukurs / bbk 13. - 14.06. Photoshop - Kurs (Fortgeschrittene) / bbk 13. - 14.06. Beats_Per_Minute online Projekt 13. - 14.06. Let us talk, ladiez* - Rhetoriktraining von und für Frauen* Jugendseminar für junge Frauen* / Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung 14.06. Forum: Stefan Haupt: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum und Urheberrecht / Kunst umgehen 15.06. Online Release: Die schönsten deutschen Bücher 2020 15.06. Veröffentlichen und Verkaufen im Internet / bbk 15.06. GEMA - und GVL- Basics für Songwriter und Musiker/innen *digital / Music Pool Berlin 15.06. Monthly Meet-Up for Transnational Artists / touring artists 15. - 18.06. Online Gruppencoaching: Auf Du mit Deinen Finanzen für Brandenburger Kreative und Künstler*innen 16.06. Online-Gruppensprechstunde // Corona-Krise: Soforthilfe- und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für Kunst, Kultur, Kreativwirtschaft / Kulturförderpunkt 16.06. SOZIALE MEDIEN für KÜNSTLER*INNEN ?!?! / bbk 16.06. Webinar: Veranstaltungsorganisation in Pandemiezeiten / Initiative Neue Musik 16.06. Digitale Szenarien für Kommunikation und Präsentation / PAP 16. + 23.06. Verändern und gestalten – Informationsveranstaltungen zu Anti-Diskriminierungskämpfen in Kunst und Kultur / PAP 17.06. Stammtisch der Proberäume zum Umgang mit Corona / PAP 17.06. Was Sie beim Umgang mit ELSTER beachten müssen / GUWBI 17.06. »Money! Money. Money? – Kulturfinanzierung in der Krise« / Facetten der Kulturarbeit e.V. 17.06. 3 Jahre die Vielen: WAS TUN?! / HAU 18.06. Let’s talk about class #3 *live-stream* / ACUD MACHT NEU 18.06. Sicher Präsentieren in der Praxis / bbk 18.06. Online Workshop on Music & Sustainability / European Music Council 18.06. Corona-Sprechstunde: Überbrückung von Einnahmeeinbußen / Berlin Music Commission 18.06. Coffee Club mit Patrick Horn von Grandfilm / Filmnetzwerk 19.06. Digitaltag 19.06. Fahrradtour: Wo fahren wir hin? Orte der Zukunft / PAP 19. - 21.06. Vierter Branchentreff Literatur: "Literatur viral" 20.06. Songwriting Basics - How To Write A Killer Song / Landesmusikakademie 22.06. YouTube Management (for Musicians) *digital* / Music Pool Berlin 22.06. 6. Jour fixe „Musik und Stadt“: Komponistinnen gestern und heute / Landesmusikrat 22. - 23.06. Das Portfolio / bbk 23.06. Verwertungs- und Nutzungsrechte im Filmbereich / Kreatives Sachsen 23.06. Corona-Krise: Soforthilfe- & Unterstützungsmaßnahmen / Kreativ Kultur Berlin 23.06. Online-Gruppensprechstunde // Corona-Krise: Soforthilfe- und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für Kunst, Kultur, Kreativwirtschaft / Kulturförderpunkt 24.06. Förderrichtlinie zur digitalen Entwicklung des Kulturbereichs / Kulturförderpunkt 24.06. Zoom Konferenz - Die Meldungen an die VG Bild-Kunst / bbk 24.06. Beratungstag: Agentur- und Verlagssuche / Schreiben & Leben 24.06. Postcorona-Soziokultur / Bundesverband Soziokultur 25.06. Commons & Kommerz auseinander halten. Aber wie? / Café Sunshine Bremen 25. - 26.06. Videos und Kurzfilme für Instagram + Co / bbk 26.06. Informations-Veranstaltung zum Umgang mit Corona / PAP 26.06. OPEN CALL - Artist Training Music Collectives / UdK 26. - 28.06. SIEBDRUCK SUPER CRASHKURS / bbk 27.06. Procreate - Zeichnen auf dem iPad / bbk 27.06. Micromondi - Workshop di Illustrazione all’aperto 27. - 28.06. Moderation im Kontext rechter und rassistischer Positionen / Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung 28.06. Procreate - Pinsel und Leinwände selber erstellen / bbk 29.06. How to edit an art book / bbk 29.06. Residenzstipendien / bbk 29.06. How to get the most out of Spotify *digital* / Music Pool Berlin 30.06. The Codes of the Art World - GROUP COACHING FOR FOUR PROFESSIONAL ARTISTS / bbk 30.06. Online-Gruppensprechstunde // Corona-Krise: Soforthilfe- und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für Kunst, Kultur, Kreativwirtschaft / Kulturförderpunkt 30.06. Webinar: Digitale Künste und digitale Formate / Kulturpolitische Gesellschaft 30.06. + 07.07. Selbstvermarktung für Künstler*innen / bbk 30.06. + 01.07. + 02.07. Accounting, Price Calculation and Taxes as a Freelancer (Set of 3 Seminars) / GUWBI

Juli 2020

01.07. »Money! Money. Money? – Kulturfinanzierung in der Krise« / Facetten der Kulturarbeit e.V. 01.07. Film x Music – On Collaborations between Filmmakers and Musicians / Music Pool Berlin, Filmnetzwerk, Kulturförderpunkt 02.07. WORKING and YOUR WORK / bbk 03.07. Informations-Veranstaltung zum Umgang mit Corona / PAP 03. - 05.07. Cyanotypie / bbk 04. - 05.07. Einführungskurs Animation Blender 3D 2.8 - Freeware & Open Source / bbk 06.07. HOW TO - Onlinepräsenz KOMPAKT mit individuellem Coaching / bbk 07.07. Understanding the Contemporary Art Scene: Communication & Public Relations for Artists / bbk 09. - 10.07. Why - What - How / bbk 13. - 14.07. Your Portfolio / bbk 14.07. How to pitch your art / bbk 16.07. Das Auftragssystem der Kunst im öffentlichen Raum – Wettbewerbe, Jurys, Chancengleichheit / bbk 19.07. Überblick: Kunst und halböffentliche Räume / Kunst umgehen 20.07. Wie kommt das Geld zur Kunst? / bbk 21. & 28.07. PROMOTING YOUR PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE ART WORLD - How to Sell Photographs / bbk 23.07. Texte als Bestandteil des künstlerischen Profils / bbk 24.07. Niemand kommt Festival 24. - 26.07. Einführung in den 3D DRUCK mit BLENDER 3D 2.8 / bbk 24. & 26. - 27.07. Einführungskurs Blender 3D 2.8 / bbk 27.07. Ein Werkverzeichnis anlegen / bbk 30.07. Publizieren für Künstler*innen – der eigene Katalog / bbk

August 2020

04.08. Grundlagen der Buchführung / Steuererklärungen selbst erstellen / bbk 07. - 09.08. After Effects - Crashkurs - Anfänger / bbk 10.08. Videos mit dem iPhone produzieren und veröffentlichen / bbk 11.08. Das iPhone als Videoschnittplatz / bbk 13.08. Nimm was dir zusteht: Die VG Bild-Kunst / bbk 17.08. Monthly Meet-Up for Transnational Artists / touring artists 20.08. Die Kunst des Netzwerkens / bbk 21. & 28.08. KUNSTKRITIK und DIALOG – Potenziale, Ansätze und Strategien / bbk 22. - 23.08. Grundlagen der Videobearbeitung mit Premiere CC (MAC & PC) / bbk 29. - 30.08. KUNST & GELD / bbk

September 2020

05. - 06.09. After Effects - Fortgeschrittene / bbk 10.09. Deine ONLINE Präsenz. Website realisieren – aber wie? / bbk 22.09. Strategie und Praxis im Kunstmarkt - Individualisierter Galerierundgang / bbk 24. - 25.09. Crash Course: Sketchup / bbk

Oktober 2020

02. - 04.10. Crashkurs Photogravure / bbk 10. - 11.10. Klangerzeugung für Film, Audiokunst, Live-Performance und Komposition / bbk 25.10. Einführungskurs 2D Animation - Zeichentrickfilm mit Blender 3D - kostenlos & Open Source / bbk 27.10. Business Startup Seminar - تأسيس شركة خاصة للموسيقيين / Landesmusikrat 31.10. - 01.11. Ableton LIVE und Cubase / bbk

November 2020

07.11. Einführung in den 3D DRUCK mit BLENDER 3D 2.8 / bbk

Beratungsstellen und Verbände:

Suchmaschine/Datenbank: Beratungsnetz Migration AGD Allianz deutscher Designer / Design macht: Business agitPolska e. V. - Polnisch-Deutsche Initiative für Kulturkooperation Akelei - Berufswegplanung mit Frauen Art Grant Clinic - Workshops & Beratungen zu Förderantragen AURORA - School for ARtists (Augmented Reality-Kurse) AWO Bandbüro bbk - Büro für Künstler*innen-Beratung BEMA - Berliner Beratungszentrum für Migration und Gute Arbeit Beratungsstelle beim Berliner Integrationsbeauftragten BER-IT berät Frauen zu den Themen Berufsorientierung, berufliche Weiterbildung und berufliche Perspektiventwicklung. Berlin Music Commission - Sprechstunde Musikwirtschaft Berliner Stadtmission - Clearingstelle für nicht Krankenversicherte Box66 - für Migrantinnen ClubConsult - Club- und Veranstalterberatung COOPOLIS - Creative Support Creative Service Center / WeTek Berlin gGmbH Crowdfunding Berlin Dachverband Tanz Dance Passport Deutsche Medien- & Künstlerberatung (KSK etc.) FAU - Sektion Kultur und Medien (unabhängige Basisgewerkschaft) Filmnetzwerk Goldrausch Künstlerinnenprojekt Gründen in Berlin Gründerinnenzentrale GUWBI e.V. - Orientierungsberatung für Existenzgründer*innen Hartzer Roller - Hartz IV IGBK - Internationale Gesellschaft der Bildenden Künste I.S.I e.V. - Initiative Selbständiger Immigrantinnen ITI - Deutsches Zentrum des Internationalen Theaterinstituts Kontakt- und Beratungsstelle für Flüchtlinge und Migrant_innen e. V. (KuB) Kreativnetz Neukölln Kreativwirtschaftsberatung Berlin Kulturförderpunkt Berlin Kultur Mitte - Mobile Beratung Landesmusikrat Berlin - Information über den Berliner Musikarbeitsmarkt - persönliche Beratung und Begleitung La Red - Beratung für Migranten und Migrantinnen in Berlin bei der Ankunft in Deutschland Literaturszene Berlin / Schreiben & Leben LOK - Unterstützung bei der Existenzgründung Lotsenstelle für migrantische Selbstständigkeit (Guwbi e. V.) Lots*innen in die freie Szene Berlin mediafon - ver.di-Beratung für Solo-Selbständige Music B Women - Beratung für Frauen in der Musikwirtschaft Music Pool Berlin - Orientierungsberatung (Mi + Fr) Netzwerk freie Literaturszene Berlin Orientierungsberatung zur Existenzgründung / Bezirksamt Treptow-Köpenick (Di) Performing Arts Program (PAP) Rechtsberatung in der Ausländerbehörde Smart - Genossenschaft für Selbstständige Sprachcafé: Learn or teach German - Refugio Sharehaus Step By Step - Existenzgründungsseminare Stiftung TANZ Tanzbüro Berlin touring artists - internationale Mobilität UdK Artist Training for Professionals Unternehmen Neukölln Vielfalt gründet - kulturspezifische Seminare VUT-Mentoring-Programm für Frauen in der Musikwirtschaft Willkommenszentrum Berlin der Senatsverwaltung für Integration, Arbeit und Soziales Wirtschaftsförderung Treptow-Köpenick Women’s Film Network Berlin Xochicuicatl e. V. - Asociación de mujeres latinoamericanas en Berlín

Übersicht über berlinweite Veranstaltungen für Gründerinnen und Unternehmerinnen via Gründerinnenzentrale (ganz unten auf der Seite)

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epacer · 6 years ago

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The School Next Door

Mann

Horace Mann Middle School opened at its present site in April 1952 as Horace Mann Junior High School. It remained a junior high, serving 7 through 9 grades until September 1986, when it was converted to a middle school, serving grades 6 through 8.

Horace Mann Middle School serves the eastern section of San Diego between Highway 94 and Interstate 8, with 47th Street and 70th Street forming the approximate western and eastern boundaries. The school is adjacent to Jackson Elementary School and one block north of Crawford High School.

Mann is a single-track year-round community school with a student population of more than 1,400. The ethnic and cultural diversity of the school’s students is one of the strengths of the overall school program. Within this population are over 750 English language learners representing 22 different languages. Mann is also a seminar center for Gifted and Talented Education (GATE) students.

May 4, 1796 to August 2, 1859

The Man… Horace Mann

Horace Mann is known as the "Father of the Common School Movement" and his work as secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education helped lay the foundation for American public schools. Historian Ellwood P. Cubberley said of Horace Mann:

No one did more than he to establish in the minds of the American people the conception that education should be universal, non-sectarian, free, and that its aims should be social efficiency, civic virtue, and character, rather than mere learning or the advancement of sectarian ends.

Born in 1796, Horace Mann grew up the son of a farmer who was too poor to provide education beyond eight weeks of elementary schooling since education was not free at the time, but he made use of the Franklin Public Library, the first public library in America. Upon his father's death, at the age of 20,Mann received a modest inheritance that was used to pay for his education at the Barrett School and prepared him for Brown University. Mann graduated from Brown in three years as the valedictorian. He then went to work as a tutor of Greek and Latin and a librarian at Brown. He eventually graduated from the Litchfield Law School in Connecticut.

Horace Mann married Mary Peabody who put him in contact with the leading figures of the Transcendentalist Movement including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau who would become his progressive peers. Mann visited Europe to compare American schools with their European peers. He visited Charles Dickens in London to discuss education and the squalid conditions of the poor but was most influenced by the Prussian education system in Germany that included compensatory tax-funded education and helped bring normal schools to train and certify teachers.

Eventually, Mann went on to become a member of the Massachusetts State Legislature. From there, he took a pay cut to serve as the first secretary for the Board of Education in Massachusetts in 1837 and served in that role for twelve years. Horace Mann was the founder and editor of the influential Common School Journal that helped spread his ideas regarding the need for a public education in the United States and what should be the primary principles of that education. He eventually won a seat in Congress in the U.S. House of Representatives. An ardent abolitionist, Mann argued against Daniel Webster on the Fugitive Slave Law and was quoted as saying, "I consider no evil as great as slavery."

Defeated in his bid for the Governorship of Massachusetts, Mann served as President of Antioch College from 1853 until his death in 1859. While at Antioch, Mann argued for equal pay for teachers despite gender. In his final commencement speech, he implored his graduates to "be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.” The phase is still repeated at every Antioch commencement.

The Six Education Principles of Horace Mann:

(1) The public should no longer remain ignorant;

(2) That such education should be paid for, controlled, and sustained by an interested public;

(3) That this education will be best provided in schools that embrace children from a variety of backgrounds;

(4) That this education must be non-sectarian;

(5) That this education must be taught by the spirit, methods, and discipline of a free society;

(6) That education should be provided by well-trained, professional teachers.

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coin-river-blog · 6 years ago

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Services

Also read: Yahoo! Japan Confirms Entrance Into the Crypto Space

Japan

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Thailand

The Cryptoasset Revolution team. (Photo credit: Siamturakij)

Korn Chatikavanij, Chairman of the Thai Fintech Association, detailed:

South Korea

Koscom’s CEO Jung Ji-Seok launched a blockchain and crypto training course. (Photo credit: Ddaily)

Koscom is a leading IT service provider in the capital market, providing a wide range of IT systems including a trading system for securities and derivatives market. The news outlet elaborated:

What do you think of these crypto educational resources? Let us know in the comments section below.

Images courtesy of Shutterstock, Decenter University, Koscom, Bitcoin no Madoguchi, Zero Base, Bit Station, Ddaily, and Siamturakij.

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joeannmccarter-blog · 7 years ago

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The FIFTY U.S. Cities Along With The Most Ideal Sky High Quality.

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rosebud1985love · 7 years ago

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It's going to be a great year and God is going do things in us and through us :-). We are back in Ukraine and we started off right away with YWAM Ukraine Together conference. Oksana and I served breakfast for the 3 day conference and I was helping with worship slideshow and powerpoint with some of the workshops we had. Now we have 6 bases in Ukraine there were before 4 base and we added 2 more. Both of the new bases are in the Eastern Ukraine Luhansk and Mariupol where the war is now at.

We decided once a week to get together as man of our base to hang out and have breakfast and pray for each other and catch up with life. At this moment we decided to work with family ministry at our YWAM base in Ternopil. We will be helping with family seminars and will be involved in family week in our city.

Schedule for 2018:

I am going to Bulgaria April 4-16 on missions trip with Global Celebration. We will work with gypsy slums and feed 5000 widows and orphans. We will go city to city in Bulgaria and minister to the poorest of the poor in my home country Bulgaria. We will love on them and feed them and do crusades and preach the gospel and pray for the sick.

Oksana and I decided to do a YWAM school called Leadership Development Course its 6 weeks school and will help us to determine our ministry future as a couple and lead us and direct us. The dates of the school are July 8th till August 18, 2018. These are the topics of the school. Shaped for significance — understanding your gifts and calling as a leader Living in integrity — character formation for the leader. Leadership formation — the stages of growth in a leader’s life. Destined for blessing — wholeness and healing for every stage of life. Practical mentoring — modeled and experienced. Workshops in spiritual leadership — not head, but heart; you won’t leave the same! Developing vision and values — writing your personal direction statements and ministry philosophy. Team (shared) leadership — why it is vital, and how to make it work. Conflict resolution — living in harmony. Creativity, and new styles of teaching and training. Vision and organizational development. The school will cost for both of us $1200.

In the September Oksana and I are planning to go to Thailand to attend YWAM Together conference where all YWAM staff will come tougher and network and pray for each other and hear from God and also hear different speakers like our founder Loren and Darlene Cunningham. The conference is for 7 days. The dates are September 2nd till 8th, 2018. We are also planing to visit my sister Dawn and brother Dan who are missionaries there. We planing to be there for month. The cost of the conference will be $3500 for both of us including flights and traveling and conference fees.

We also started the process for Oksana becoming US residence and also on her US citizenship. We hired a lawyer and he will help us with the whole process. For everything from start to finish the cost is going to be $5800. The process will take 14-16 months.

Our Prayer and Financial Needs: - Finances for the Leadership Development School $1200. - Our trip to Thailand to attend the YWAM Together Conference $4000. - Oksana residence and US citizenship process $5800.

If you would like to support us please write checks to YWAM Accounting and on separated note designated to Rosen Klepel. This is the address: YWAM Accounting PO Box 3000 Garden Valley, TX 75771 or you can donate on this website its also YWAM Accounting https://ywamtyler.org/funddonation?uid=a7de3972-356d-415a-99ee-6b73a3eb1fa9 or PayPal: [email protected] or our website https://rosenandoksanaklepel.com Now you can support us online through the YWAM weblink and still get a tax deductible. Thank you blessing to you and your family. Thank you for you love, care and support. Blessings thank you Rosen&Oksana Klepel :-)

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professorrosado · 5 years ago

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Lincoln Extreme Real Estate Investing (EREI) – 3 Day Seminar

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DATE: August 27, 2021 at 6PM – August 29, 2021 at 3PM